Iiyantlukwano ezikhoyo phakathi kwabafundi abasuka kwintlalo-ntle, kwimvelaphi yobuhlanga, ziselucelomngeni oluzingisileyo nolungxamisekileyo kwizikolo zasekuhlaleni kulo lonke elaseUnited States. NgokweNational Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), umsantsa wokufunda kunye nezibalo phakathi kwabafundi abasuka kwiintsapho eziphezulu neziphantsi kwemali-mali ezikhoyo, ezinabafundi abahlala zihleli kakuhle, ezinabafundi abaphantsi abagxininiswayo, ngokwe-avareji, amashumi amabini ukuya kuma-30 eenqaku asezantsi koontanga babo abatyebileyo. Ngokufanayo, ukungalingani kwemigca ye-bala kuyamangalisa: abafundi abamnyama nababhinqileyo abasuka kwizifundo ezingundoqo nabambalwa abanokufikelela kwizifundo ezingundoqo ezithengeni ezithe kralisiweyo, ezibonelelwa phantsi kwemfundo, ukusetyenziswa kwemfundo entlalo-mali entla, ukuxhasa okuthenjiweyo, ukusetyenziswa kwezi intsapho ezihlala kunye nezilungele uluntu, ezifuna ukufikelela kwemfundo ezikhoyo kunye nezikhundla, eziluncedo ezikhoyo kunye neziluncedo zemfundo zemfundo zemfundo, kunye nezi

Ukuqonda Umsantsa Onempumelelo: Oyena Nobangela Nezinto Eziyinyaniso

Umgama ongaphezulu awuyonto nje kuphela kodwa umgangatho ontsonkothileyo wokwahluka okubonakala ngeendlela ezininzi: uvavanyo lwamanani, amanani okuphumelela kokuphumelela, ukufikelela kwizifundo eziphambili, iziphumo zoqeqesho, kunye nokuvuselelwa kwekholeji. Ezi zithuba zisoloko zilandela izinto zokwakha ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwesikolo. Ukuma kwezoqoqosho yenye yezona zinto zinamandla kakhulu ekusebenzeni kwemfundo; abafundi abahlala phantsi kobuhlwempu bajongene neengxaki ezinjengokungakhuseleki kokutya, izindlu ezizinzileyo, nokungafikeleleki kwemisebenzi ekufuneka ikhuliswe ziintsapho ezityebileyo zithathele ingqalelo. Uhlanga lwamazwe ajongeneempukanolwazi oluneentloko-ntle lukwanendima enkulu, njengoko izikolo kwimimandla ebanzi yobuBlaldangengooksi, abasebenza phantsi kwemfundo encinane, nabangenayo kwiinkqubo zemfundo ephambili.

Uphando olusuka kwiBrookings Institution lubalaselisa ukuba umsantsa wengeniso ngoku mkhulu kunesithuba esimnyama sophulo lwe-black-pent, esibonisa ukunyuka kwenkululeko yezoqoqosho kuluntu lwaseMelika. Ukongeza, imiqobo yolwimi lwabafundi abangamaNgesi kunye neziphumo zomonakalo ovela kugonyamelo lwasekuhlaleni okanye ukudityaniswa kwentsapho okuqhubekayo kwezi zinto zahlukeneyo. Ukuvala ezi zikhepheni, abantu kufuneka bahambe ngaphaya kokucinga okusekelwe kwintlawulo kwaye endaweni yoko baqonde kwaye bathethe nemiqobo ethintela bonke abafundi ekufikeleleni kwabo ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuqalisa ngolwazi olucacileyo, ukuqhelaniswa kweemeko zasekuhlaleni nokuvuma ukuchithwa kwezisombululo ezisekelwe kubungqina.

Ukwakha umanyano oluqinileyo nomanyano loluntu

Akukho siko linye linokuvala izithuba zokuphumeza. Imigudu ephumelelayo ibandakanya unxulumano olunzulu, oluqhubekayo phakathi kwezikolo, iintsapho, imibutho yoluntu, amashishini, kunye norhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Ezi nkxaso zidala umxokelelwano wenkxaso ongqonge abafundi ngezinto zobuncwane, ulwalamano, kunye namathuba afunekayo ukuze baphumelele. Umanyano oluzinzileyo loluntu luthetha ukuqhubela phambili ngaphaya konxibelelwano oluqhubekayo ekulungiseni izicombululo nabantu abachatshazelwa kakhulu zizinto ezingekho mthethweni.

Ukubandakanyeka Kwentsapho Njengelitye Eliyikhohlelayo

Ukusebenzisa iintsapho ezifunda nabantwana bazo kuyinto esebenzayo ekunciphiseni amasuntswana okuphumelela. Uphando lusoloko lubonisa ukuba xa iintsapho zibandakanyeka ngokukhutheleyo, abafundi bafumana amacandelo aphezulu, bayaya, banesimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo ngokuphathelele ukufunda. Noko ke, iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokudibanisa abazali zidla ngokungafikeleli iintsapho ezikwingingqi eziphantsi. Izikolo kufuneka zisebenzise iindlela zokuphumelela ngokwesithethe, njengokunikela izinto zobuncwane ezingokwezigaba ezibini, ukukhuthaza iziganeko ngexesha elivumela abazali abasebenzayo, nokulungiselela ukunyanyeka nokuphatha abantwana kunye nezinto zokuthutha. Ukudala amabhunga abonisa ukwahlukahlukana kwemi phakathi kwebutho labantu. Iinkqubo ezibonisa ukusabela ngokwesithethe, iingenelo-bala, ezingenisa inzala eziphantsi, kunye nabaphambukeli ziviwa ngokweenkqubo zesigqibo. Iinkqubo ezifana noomfundisi abatyeleli baseKhaya kumakhaya alwayo kunye nokuthembana kwabafundi, ukuqhekeza iintsapho kunye nokuqhela iintsapho.

Iinkqubo ezisekelwe kuluntu ezizalisa iigewu

Emva kokufundisa kwisikolo, iinkampu zokufundisa ehlotyeni, kunye nokucebisana noluntu kungathetha ngqo ngokulahlekelwa nokubonelela ngobutyebi obusenokuba bulahlekile ekhaya. Iinkqubo ezinjengeBoys & Girls Clubs of America kunye ne-YMC yasekuhlaleni zinengxelo ende yokuxhasa imfundo, ubugcisa, kunye nemidlalo ekumgangatho okhuselekileyo. Ezi nkqubo zisebenza kakhulu xa zicwangcisa izifundo zazo kunye nosukelo lwesikolo lwemihla yokufunda kwaye zinxibelelana rhoqo nabafundisi-mfundo. Iinkqubo ze-Mentorterrapys Clubs ezinabafundi abanolwanyana abanolwazelelekileyo abasuka kwimvelaphi efanayo bangazikhuthaza ukuba bazenze bafumane iinkonzo zemfundo, ingakumbi amakhwelo angenazo iimodeli zemfundo ezintle.

Imfundiso Esekelwe Kwinkcubeko

Abafundisi bakwindawo ephambili ekuvalweni kwezithuba zokuphumelela, kwaye uqeqesho lwabo lungaqhubeka okanye lungacel ’ umngeni iimfundiso ezikhoyo. Ukufundisa okunenkcubeko (CRT) kuyindlela ebonakalisa ukubaluleka kokuquka inkcazo yenkcubeko yabafundi kuzo zonke iinkalo zemfundo. Xa abafundisi- ntsapho beqonda imvelaphi, iilwimi, kunye namava aphilayo, bayakwazi ukuyila izifundo eziyimfuneko, ezibandakanya, nezifikelelekayo. Umzekelo, ngokusebenzisa ababhali bemibala, ukudibanisa umculo kunye nobugcisa bezithethe ezahlukeneyo, kunye nokudibanisa iingxaki zezibalo kwimibalo yonke imibalwa yabafundi kwimimandla yelizwe yabo kwenza ukufunda kube nentsingiselo engakumbi.

I-CRT ikwafuna abafundisi- ntsapho bahlole iimbono zabo neendlela iinkqubo zesikolo eziye zawacutha ngokwembali amaqela athile. Iinkqubo zophuhliso lobugcisa ezinika uqeqesho oluqinileyo kwimimandla ehambayo efuna intsebenziswano, kunokuba ibe nye engekhoyo, zibalulekile. INational Education Association (NEA) inikela ubuncwane nezixhobo zokunceda abafundisi ukuba basebenzise iCRT kumgangatho wonke webanga lemfundo. Izikolo eziye zamkela ukuzinikela kwimfundo kwimfundo yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo kwimfundo yeCRT ingxelo yemida encinane kunye nemozulu entle, ingakumbi kuBlabhu, i-Ishtonton, kunye nabafundi abahlala apho bebonke. Ukongeza uqheliselo kwingqeqesho kwimfundo-partrathernearver-parectalssssssssssssss, ingakumbi se-match-match-match.

Ukulungisa Iingxaki Zenkqubo Ngomgaqo-nkqubo Nokusetyenziswa Kwamatyala

Ngeli xesha utshintsho lweklasi luyimfuneko, alwanele ngaphandle kokuqhubana nezakhiwo ezibhakiwe kwinkqubo yemfundo. Ukwahlulwa kwemali phakathi kwesithili semfundo kuphakathi kwemiqobo eqinileyo. Kumazwe amaninzi, irhafu yempahla iqhuba uqingqo-mali lwesikolo, okuthetha ukuba izikolo ezikwimimandla ephantsi kwengeniso zifumana imali encinane kakhulu ngekota kunaleyo ikwimimandla etyebileyo. Ukuxhasa kwemali elungele ukuhambela phambili kwemeko yombuso kungumsebenzi obalulekileyo wokutshintsha. Intlangano efana nemfundo iTrust ibhalise ingqimbeni ingqimbeni yemali exhomekile, xa ijoliswe kwizikolo ezifuna iimfuno eziphezulu, ikhokelele kwiklasi ezincinane, izibonelelo ezingcono, kunye nentlawulo oluphezulu kakhulu.

Eminye imiqobo engekho mthethweni iquka ukufikelela okungalinganiyo kwizifundo eziphambili (njengoAP, iIB, kunye neenkqubo ezinesiphiwo), iinkqubo zoqeqesho ezinekhethe, kunye nokugqithiselwa kwabafundi bemibala kwimfundo ekhethekileyo ngaphandle kwenkxaso efanelekileyo. Iibhodi zesikolo neenkokeli zesithili kufuneka zihlole le misebenzi isetyenziswa ekususeni ulwazi lokuchaza amasuntswana nokuzalisekisa utshintsho. Umzekelo, ukuhlolwa kwendalo kwiinkqubo ezichuliweyo kunokuba kuxhomekeke kumfundisi-i-iaracterstings, kunganyusa kakhulu ukuthatha inxaxheba kwabafundi abamnyama nababhila-Spaniya. Ukuphelisa uqeqesho olucacileyo nokuxhasa imfundo yezemfundo yoluntu kunye nezempilo yezengqondo kugcine abafundi beklani nasendleleni. Imibutho yoluntu inokukhuthaza iinkqubo zokulungisa iinkqubo zemfundo ekhoyo, njengemodeli yemfundo yemfundo yemfundo, yezemfundo yezemfundo yezemfundo, yezemfundo yezemfundo, yezemfundo.

Ukungenelela Kwabantwana Beselula: Ukuqalisa Ngaphambi Kokuba Umsantsa Uvuleke

Uphando lucacile ukuba umsantsa owenziweyo uqala phambi kokuba umntwana aqalise ukunyathela kwiklasi yesikolo sabantwana abancinane. Abantwana abavela kwiintsapho ezifumana imali ephantsi bava, ngokwe-avareji, ama-30 ezigidi ee-awunsi ngexesha leminyaka emithathu kunamava afumileyo, kunye nomahluko ekufikeleleni kumava aphezulu angokokufunda kwangethuba kudibanisa lo msantsa. Iinkqubo zesikolo zesikolo eziphezulu, ezifana ne-pred K neHead Start, ziboniswe ukunyusa ukulungelela kwesikolo, ngokukodwa kubantwana abavela kwiimvelaphi eziphantsi. Noko ke, ukufikelela kuhlala kungafani, kunye neentsapho ezininzi ezingakwazi ukufikelela kwiinketho zabucala okanye ukufumana ukuba iinkqubo zikawonke zinezinto ezifuna ithuba elide.

Iindlela zokwandisa imfundo yabantwana basekhaya basekhaya ziquka ukuncedisana namaziko okunyamekela abantwana asekuhlaleni ukuphucula ubunjani, ukuqalisa iinkqubo zokutyelela ekhaya ezikhuthaza abazali ukuba bakwazi ukufunda nokubhala nokubhala, kunye nokuyila “iindawo zokusebenzela ukuphumelela” zokusebenzela abakhathaleli. Iprojekthi yePerry Preegister Study kunye ne-Abediarian Project ibonise ukuba ukungenelela kakhulu kwasebuntwaneni kwavelisa impumelelo ende yemfundo, ingeniso, kunye nokunciphisa ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Ukusebenzisa ugcino-lwazi ukwenza izigqibo ezilinganayo

Ukuvala amakhefu, izikolo kunye noluntu kufuneka zazi apho zikhoyo. Iinkqubo zokulumkisa abafundi abahambayo bengekho rhoqo, abangaphumeleliyo, abafunda isiNgesi, kunye nemfundo ekhethekileyo zivumela iinkokeli ukuba zibone ukuba ngawaphi amaqela abafundi aphambukayo nakuziphi imixholo. Ugcino-lwazi kufuneka lusetyenziswe kungekuko ukohlwaya izikolo kodwa ukujolisa izikolo kunye nongenelelo olunempumelelo. Iinkqubo zakudala zokulumkisa abafundi abahlala bengekho, abangaphumeleliyo, okanye ababonisa imibango yesimilo zibangela ukuba izikolo zingenelele ngaphambi kokuba iingxaki zikhule.

Imibutho yoluntu ingaqokelela ize yabelane ngedata engaphandle kweemeko zesikolo. Umzekelo, njengokungabikho kokutya, ukunganqabiseki kwezindlu, nokufikelela kwimpilo-mpilo . okuchaphazela ukusebenza kwemfundo. Ubuchule bokuxhasa idata phakathi kwezikolo, iingeniso, kunye namaqumrhu enkonzo yoluntu, kunye nezikhuseli ezifanelekileyo ze-emfihlo, zingenza umfanekiso opheleleyo weemfuno zomntwana. Umzekelo, umfundi osoloko engekho unokuba uqhubana ne-asma okanye ukuswela kwendlela yokuhamba; iziko loluntu okanye inkqubo yomqhubi wesiqhubi somsebenzi wesitsha. Izixhobo ezifana nengcambuzo [[FLT:] [FG:] [FLD] [FK]]

Ukuxhasa imvakalelo yoluntu nempilo yengqondo

Iindawo eziphumelelsiweyo azingolwazi nje oluphezulu; zikwangokweemvakalelo. Abafundi abafumana intlungu, ubuhlwempu, okanye ucalucalulo bazisa abo baxinezelekileyo eklasini. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso, ezi zinto zingathintela ukuxinezeleka, inkumbulo, kunye nentshukumisa. Zonke iinkqubo zenkqubano (iNkqutyana) ezifundisa ukuzilawula, ubuchule bonxulumano, kunye nokwenza izigqibo ezifanelekileyo zibonise ukuba ziphucula zonke ezi mpawu zokuziphatha neziphumo zemfundo. Xa i-SEL idityaniswa kwiinkqubo zokufundisa nokuziko, bonke abafundi bazuza, kodwa iziphumo zichazwa ngokukhethekileyo kwabo basengozini.

Iinkonzo zempilo yengqondo zinzima ngokufanayo. Abafundi abaninzi abafikayo abafumani macebiso okanye unyango, olukhokelela kwinkxalabo enganyangwayo, udandatheko, okanye iingxaki zokuziphatha eziyandisa umsantsa. Izikolo zingasebenzisana namaqumrhu empilo-ntle yoluntu ukunikezela kwiinkonzo ze-scated, mhlawumbi kwiikliniki ezidiniki--mfono okanye kwii-cells. Inqaku le-Edutopia elikhuthaza ukukhuthaza ukudibana kwe-SELEK [ linika imizekelo esebenzisekayo yezikolo eziye zaxhasa ezi. Ngaphezu koko, uqeqesho lokuqonda iimpawu zobugxwayo-ok-odtlorder okanye ukusabela ngovelwano kunoncedo lokuqeqesha abafundi ababandayo kwimfundo.

Ukubuyiselwa nokuququzelela uMqeshwa oDala

Uphando oluqhubekayo lubonisa ukuba abafundi bemibala bayangenelwa ngokwemfundo nasebuthweni kubafundisi- ntsapho abanobuhlanga okanye ubuzwe obufanayo. Umfundisi- ntsapho welo hlanga angasebenza njengomzekelo osebenzayo, anciphise ikhethe elipheleleyo ekuthandeni nasekuqeqesheni, kwaye azise ubuchule benkcubeko kwimfundo. Kodwa abaqeqeshi bahlala bemhlophe kakhulu (kumalunga nama-80%), ngoxa iqumrhu labafundi lineentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Imibhobho yokhuthazo esekelwe kuluntu, njengo- “Lonke Wakho-" iinkqubo, uchola i-paraspheraprosions, ikholeji yoluntu, abafundi abanomdla ekufundiseni, kunye nabaphumeleleyo abanomdla ekufundiseni kwaye babanike iindlela zokuzifundisa. Iinkqubo ezinika uncedo, umncedisi, kunye novavanyo, ziyakwazi ukususa iiprojectracracrates, kunye neemss.

Retention is equally important. Teachers of color often face isolation and a lack of support in predominantly white schools. Creating affinity groups, mentorship networks, and culturally inclusive professional development improves retention rates. Communities can also advocate for higher pay and better working conditions, which benefit all teachers. The NEA’s resources on culturally responsive teaching provide guidance for creating an environment where diverse educators can thrive.

Imodeli Yesikolo Soluntu: Indlela Ebalulekileyo Yokuqhuba Isikolo

Enye yezona ndlela zisebenzayo zokunciphisa izithuba zokuphumelela yinkqubo yesikolo soluntu. Isikolo soluntu sindawo kunye nomanyano oludibanisa izikolo, impilo kunye neenkonzo zentlalo, ukuphuhliswa kolutsha noluntu, kunye nokuthenjiswa kwentsapho. Esi sikolo siba sisiseko sobume bengingqi, ngokufuthi sivuleka ngaphambi nasemva kwesikolo, ngeempelaveki, nangehlobo. IiNkonzo zezezonyango namazinyo, iiklasi zemfundo yezempilo, iiklasi zemfundo yabantu abadala, ii-partet, ii-partress, kunye noncedo olungokwasemthethweni.

Ubungqina bezikolo zoluntu bunamandla. Uhlolo lonyaka-mali lonyaka-mali luye lwafunyaniswa ukuba izikolo zoluntu ezizizo ngokutyibilikayo ziphucule, ukuphumelela kwabafundi, kunye nemozulu yesikolo. Umzekelo, eCincinnati, iziko loLuntu lokuPhumeza imfundo likhokelele kwiqondo eliphezulu kunye nezithuba ezimxinwa, ingakumbi kubafundi abaMnyama nabangenayo. Undoqokolelo wokuphumelela kukuphumelela kukuqhubana kwamaqela apheleleyo ekwalaa kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba iinkonzo zihambelana neemfuno zabafundi. [[FLT: 0]] Inqaku le-ASCD elikwizikolo zokwakha uluntu [ lichaza amanyathelo anokuthathwa zisithi zithathe ukuthabatha le modeli zingena zixhobo zininzi.

Isiphelo: Imbopheleleko Yokumanyana

Ukuvala izithuba eziphumelelwyo kwizikolo zasekuhlaleni asingomsebenzi onokunikwa othisha kuphela. Kufuna umgudu woluntu odibanisa ukuganana kwentsapho, ukufundisa okunenkcubeko, utshintsho lwenkqubo yenkqubo, uzaliso-mali lwabantwana bamandulo, ukuveliswa kwedata evezweyo, ukuxhaswa kwempilo, kunye nemodeli yesikolo semfundo yezentlalo. Nganye kwezi zicwangciso inamandla, kodwa isebenza kakhulu xa idityaniswe kunye kunye, inyathelo eliqinileyo. Izibonda ziphezulu: xa singaphumeleli ekuphumeleni, sikhuthaza imijikelezo yobuhlwempu, ukungalingani, nokulahlekana kwamalungu enokwenzeka. Kodwa xa imibutho yesikolo idibana kwizikolo zabo, ilungiselela ulwalamano, yaye ihlonela oko kufanelwe kukuthi bonke abafundi baphumelele, sizenzele inyathelo eliziko.