Uncedo lwamanye amazwe lusoloko lusisiseko sophuhliso lwezizwe ngezizwe, lunika ubuncwane obuyimfuneko kumazwe asweleyo. Noko ke, ukusebenza kwalo kusoloko kuthotywa phantsi xa lisebenza ngokwalo kwizinto eziphambili zelizwe. Ukufumana ulungelelwaniso phakathi koncedo lwangaphandle kunye nezicwangciso zophuhliso lwesizwe asikokulawula okulungileyo kuphela, kukuyimfuneko esisiseko yokuqhubekeka okuzinzileyo. Kodwa nangona kuvunywa kwazo ngokubaluleka, ulungelelwaniso luhlala lunzima ekusebenzeni kwalo. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa ukuntlukwano olusemva kolu celomngeni linika iindlela eziluncedo kwintsebenziswano olunengqiqo.

Ukuchaza Umhlaba: Izicwangciso zoncedo lwamazwe angaphandle nophuhliso

Ukuyiqonda ingxaki yolungelelwaniso, kuyimfuneko ukucacisa kuqala oko kuxoxwayo. Uncedo oluvela kwelinye ilizwe, olubizwa ngokuba luncedo lophuhliso olusemthethweni (ODA).

Izicwangciso zophuhliso lwesizwe zibanzi, ziphakathi kwezicwangciso zexesha elide ezicetywe ngoorhulumente bamamkeli. Zicacisa umbono welizwe ngenxa yokukhula, ukuncitshiswa kobuhlwempu, izibonelelo, impilo, imfundo, ukulondolozwa kwemekobume, kunye nokulawulwa. La maxwebhu adla ngokuba ngumphumo wokuxilonga okugqithisileyo nokumela izinto eziphambili ezibuqela bohlanga. Xa uncedo lwamanye amazwe luhambelana nezi zicwangciso, luqinisa umgangatho womntu, lunciphisa ukhuphindo, kwaye lunyusa impembelelo yemali nganye echithwayo. Xa lungekho, uncedo lunokuqhekeza imigudu yesizwe, izinto eziphambili, kunye nokwenza ukuxhomekeka okuhlala kuhleli.

Ingcamango yolungelelwaniso efunyenwe ngokusemthethweni ngoMgaqo-nkqubo weParis okwiNdebe eNempumelelo (2005), owenziwe ngabanikeli kunye namaqabane "asebenzisa iinkqubo zelizwe kunye neenkqubo zophuhliso lwesizwe" izivumelwano ezilandelayo(iAccra Agenda yeSend (2008) kunye neBusan shafflineship yeNkqubela-operation Co-avection (20:(1)//i-further yagxininisa imfuneko yokuphendulana nokuhlonela ukhokelo lwesizwe. Kodwa, nangona kunjalo, imigaqo eqhubekayo iyaqhubeka isithintela yokusebenza.

Imiqobo Ephithiweyo Elungelelanisiweyo

Imingeni yokudibanisa uncedo lwamanye amazwe nezicwangciso zenkqubela-phambili yesizwe ayibangelwa kukungahambelani kwesakhiwo, kwezobupolitika, kunye nokungahambelani phakathi kwenkqubo yomnikeli nowamkeli. Ukuqonda le miqobo linyathelo lokuqala lokuphumelela.

Ukucalula Izinto Eziza Kuqala Nezibalulekileyo

Mhlawumbi olona celomngeni lusisiseko kukuba abanikeli nabamkeli abasoloko beneenjongo ezifanayo. Amazwe anika uncedo kufuneka anelise izilangazelelo zawo zasekhaya, izilangazelelo zezentlalo-bume, kunye neenjongo zenkqubo yangaphandle. Umphi unokubeka ukhuseleko, urhwebo, okanye ulawulo lofuduko, ngelixa ilizwe elimkelweyo lisenokubona impilo okanye ukuphumelela ngokwezolimo njengokubalulekileyo. Xa ezi zilangazelelo zihlenga, iprojekthi zoncedo zingaphela kwimisebenzi exhasayo engekho siseko socwangciso lwesizwe, okanye engaphezulu, ejongela phantsi izinto eziphambili zasekuhlaleni.

Ngokomzekelo, umnikeli ojolise kwinkcazo echasene namayeza angaxhasa ukusetyenziswa kokhuseleko kumda womda, ephambukisa izibonelelo zoqingqo-mali lwemfundo yomamkeli. Naxa iinjongo zomgangatho ophezulu zihambelana, iinkcazo zingangquzulana. Isicwangciso sesizwe singabiza ukukhathalelwa kwempilo okuphambili okufanelekileyo, kodwa inkqubo yomnikeli yolwakhiwo lwezibhedlele olusembindini, ngenxa yokuba kulula ukuqwalasela nokunikela ingxelo kwikomkhulu. Oku kuphambathiswa akuqhelekanga kubangelwa yingozi; kuvela kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo, izakhiwo zoxandumiso, kunye nezo zexesha.

Iinqobo eziphezulu kumazwe abamkeli

Ubuchule bolawulo nobobugcisa obubuthathaka bungomnye umqobo ongundoqo kulungelelaniso. Amazwe amaninzi asakhasayo ajongene nokunqongophala okunzima kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo, iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi ezingenempumelelo, kunye nolawulo lukawonke-wonke olubuthathaka. Izicwangciso zikazwelonke zisenokuba zichaphazeleke kakuhle kodwa zifezeke kancinane ngenxa yokuba amaziko ajongene nozalisekiso lobuchule obufunekayo, oovimba, okanye igunya. Kuloo meko, abanikeli basoloko bengamiselwanga kukuphumeza iprojelo oluhambelana neyunithi (PIUs) esebenza ngaphandle kweenkqubo zikarhulumente , aqhelisela oko, ngoxa ephumelela ngexesha elifutshane, alula ukuthoba kwesizwe kunye nokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo somsebenzi wexesha elide.

Ingxelo yokuhlola iOECD ngobuchule bokusebenza kunye nolwamkelo lwamazwe anxulumeneyo yafumanisa ukuba ngu 53% kuphela woncedo lokusebenzisa iziphumo zelizwe. Oku kubonisa ukuba phantse isiqingatha salo lonke uncedo sigqitha kwiliso lobulali kunye nenkqubo yokuhlola, okwenza kube nzima ukuqwalasela nokugcina. Imithetho ethintela ulungelelwano ayiyongxaki nje yokufumana umntu; abasebenzi abanikelayo entsimini basoloko bejikeleziswa, belinganisela amandla abo okuphuhlisa ubuchule bokuqonda amacebo neenkqubo zasekuhlaleni.

Ukungavisisani Nokungabikho Kwezobupolitika

Iinjongo zenkqubela yesizwe azingoxwebhu olumileyo. Zingatshintsha naluphi na urhulumente omtsha, amanqam ezobupolitika, okanye zitshintshe iimeko zezoqoqosho. Xa urhulumente esandul' ukunyulwa, amagosa asenokulahla izicwangciso zangaphambili, amisela umjikelo wokuzitshintsha okushiya abaniki-zibonelelo abangaqinisekanga ukuba ziziphi izinto eziza kuqala abamele bazixhase. Kwanakulawulo olunye, utshintsho lwemigaqo lungabakho. Isicwangciso esivunyiweyo kuYezi 1 singagqityelwa yingxaki yoqingqo-mali okanye yintlekele yemvelo kunyaka wesithathu, sifuna ukusetyenziswa kwakhona ngokukhawuleza.

Kwicala lomnikeli, ukungavisisani kwemigaqo kukwayingxaki. Umnikeli angavakalisa isibopho seminyaka emininzi kwicandelo lemfundo yelizwe, kodwa anciphise imali xa kumiselwa imilinganiselo yokubonelela. Ngokufanayo, iindlela zokunikela zidla ngokwenziwa kwikomkhulu elinegalelo elilinganiselweyo elisuka kwintsimi okanye kumaqabane asebenzisanayo, okuphumela kwizinto eziphambili ezingahambelani nesicwangciso sangoku sesizwe. Ukungaqiniseki, ixesha elide yiyo enye yezithintelo ezithi zicatshulwe kakhulu kulungelelwano olusebenzayo.

Iingxaki zokulungelelanisa phakathi kwabasebenzi abahlukahlukeneyo

Nakweliphi na ilizwe elinikiweyo, kusenokubakho uninzi lwabanikeli bemali, abameli abaninzi, imali yomhlaba wonke, kunye neziseko zabucala ezisebenza ngaxeshanye. Umdlali ngamnye uzisa imigaqo yakhe, iziphumo, kunye nezinto azithandayo. Oku kuninzi kubangela umthwalo womanyano kurhulumente ofumanayo, okufuneka kulawule ulwalamano oluninzi, ukuya kwiintlanganiso ezininzi, kwaye kuvumelanisa imijelo emininzi yoncedo ngomjikelo woqingqo - mali wakhe.

Ingxaki idityaniswe yinto yokuba abantu abaninzi abanikela ngezolimo abalungelelani ngokupheleleyo. Kusoloko kukho iimfazwe ezikhuphisanayo, uvavanyo, neembono ezahlukileyo ngokokuba zini na "inkqubela phambili". Isiphumo sikwahluka-hlukene: imisebenzi emincinane, engadityaniswanga ethetha ngeempawu zemiqondiso kunokuba ibe ziingcambu. Isicwangciso sesizwe sokuguqula ezolimo, umzekelo, singafumana inkxaso evela kubantu abathathu abanikela ngezolimo, enye ijonge kwimbewu, enye kwinkonkceshelo, kunye neyesithathu ekufikeleleni kwemakeli yemarike, kodwa ngaphandle kwesakhelo esidityani, iiqhekeza azizengengemi kutshintsho olukhoyo.

Uhlolo nohlolo

Ulungelelwaniso lufuna imilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo. Iinjongo zophuhliso lwesizwe ziquka izibonisi zenkqubela, kodwa abanikeli basoloko benyanzelisa kwiinkqubo ezahlukeneyo, ezinenkcukacha ezininzi zokunika ingxelo ezahlukeneyo ukuze banelise iimfuno zabo zokuphendula. Le mikhosi idibeneyo yabamkeli boorhulumente abahlukeneyo ukugcina iiseti ezimbini ze-data: enye ijonge umenzi ngamnye. Umthwalo wolawulo unzima, kwaye ukunqongophala kweziphumo ezifanayo kwenza kube nzima ukubeka iziphumo ezithe ngqo ekuboneleni ungeniso okanye ukulungelelanisa ubuchule bokwenza ungeniso ngexesha lokwenene.

Ngaphezu koko, imigca esisiseko kunye nomgangatho wogcino-lwazi kumazwe asakhasayo isoloko ibuthathaka. Ii-ofisi zezibalo zesizwe zingavelisa ugcino-lwazi olungaqhelekanga okanye olungathembekiyo, zishiye abanikeli bexhomekeke kuhlolisiso lwangaphandle okanye kwingqokelela yogcino-lwazi olucacileyo lweprojekthi. Ngeli xesha ezi ndlela zinokuvelisa ulwazi oluphezulu olukumgangatho ophezulu, zixabisa kakhulu kwaye azisoloko zisondliwa kwiinkqubo zesizwe. Isiphumo sisiphumo sokwahlulwa kolwazi oluthintela ukufunda nokuphendula amacandelo omabini.

Ubuchule Bokwenza Ulungelelwaniso

Xa kuqwalaselwa ukuntsonkotha kocelomngeni, akukho sisombululo sinye. Noko ke, ukudityaniswa kokuthanda kwezobupolitika, utshintsho lwamaziko, kunye nezixhobo ezisebenzisekayo kungenza ulungelelwano oluphezulu. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zisekelwe kwizifundo ezifundwe kumashumi eminyaka okuphuhliswa kophuhliso.

Umnini welizwe wokwenene ukususela ekuqaleni

Ulungelelwaniso luqala ngobumnini. Amazwe abamkeli kufuneka anikwe amandla okukhokela uphuhliso qha njengezixhobo kodwa njengabayili-makhazi. Oku kufuna abanikezeli ukuxhathisa isilingo sokuyila imisebenzi evela kude kwaye endaweni yoko babandakanyeke kwingxoxo yokwenene malunga nezinto eziphambili zesizwe. ISindululo seParis somgaqo wobumnini [ uhlala ulilityelelo: amaqabane kufuneka asebenzise ukhokelo olusebenzayo kwimigaqo nemigaqo yokuphuhlisa, kunye nezenzo zolungelelaniso.

Oku kuthetha ukuba uncedo kufuneka luphumele kwiinkqubo zoqingqo-mali zesizwe naphi na apho kunokwenzeka. Inkxaso yoqingqo-mali / //inkxaso yemali engqalileyo kubuncwane bukarhulumente." inika umamkeli ububhetyebhetye bokunikezela ngezixhobo ngokwecebo lakhe. Ngeli xesha inkxaso yoqingqo-mali ingafanelekanga kuzo zonke iimeko (ifuna ulawulo olulungileyo kunye nolawulo lwemali olucacileyo), ihlala yenye yezona ntlobo zobudlelane xa iimeko zivuma. Xa iindlela zecandelo zisetyenziswa, kufuneka zifakelwe kwiplani yecandelo lesizwe kunokuba zisebenze ngokungqinelana nalo.

Ulwakhiwo loMsebenzi weNkqubo

Kunokuba bashiye amaziko abuthathaka, abanikeli kufuneka bafake ingeniso ewomelezayo. Oku kubandakanya okungaphezulu nje koqeqesho lwamaziko oshishino; kufuna inkxaso ende yexesha elide kwiinkqubo zolawulo lwemali kawonke-wonke, ii-ofisi zobalo, izinto ezikhoyo, kunye namaqumrhu olawulo. Umthamo wokwakha ucotha kwaye utsala kancinci, kodwa kuphela indlela ehlala ikho elungelelanisiweyo yokulungelelaniswa. Xa amaziko amkelayo ekwazi, ayakwazi ukulawula ngokunempumelelo konke ukuphuma nokunika ingxelo kwabanikeli abaninzi ngeziphumo.

Imizekelo ephumelelayo iquka inkxaso yeBhanki yomhlaba wonke yokomeleza ulawulo lwemali kumazwe anjenge-Ethiopia kunye neRwanda, ebangele abo rhulumente bafumane inkxaso engakumbi yoqingqo-mali kunye nengxelo ecacileyo kwiziphumo. Ngokufanayo, utyalo-mali kwinkqubo yezibalo zesizwe, luxhaswe yinkqubo yophuhliso lobukho bemibutho ye-Ofisitiliti ye-UNICEF [, ukuphucula izibonelelo zogcino-lwazi olufunekayo ukwenzela ukuqwalasela icandelo.

Ukuphucula unxibelelwano nocwangciso lwamaqumrhu

Ingxoxo eqhelekileyo, ecwangcisiweyo phakathi kwabo bonke abagcini-matyala ibalulekile. Oku akuquki iintlanganiso zikarhulumente kuphela kodwa kubandakanya nokudibana noluntu lwasekuhlaleni, icandelo lobuqu, kunye noluntu lwasekuhlaleni. Uhlolo lwecandelo, udliwano-ndlebe lwaminyaka le, kunye neekomiti zolawulo olunee-ofisi ezininzi zolawulo zonke zinegalelo ekulungelelaniseni ngokuqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uyayiqonda iplani yohlanga nendlela inkxaso yangaphandle engena ngayo kuyo.

Inkqubo yeZizwe Ezimanyeneyo yoPhuhliso loMncediso weFramework (UNDAF) ngomnye umzekelo wokucwangcisana kwelizwe. Idibanisa amasebe eZizwe Ezimanyeneyo, oorhulumente besizwe, kunye namanye amaqabane ukudibanisa imisebenzi yenkqubo kunye nezinto eziphambili zenkqubela-phambili yelizwe. Nangona zingeyomfuneko, ezi nkqubo zikhuthaza uhlobo lonxibelelwano oluqhubekayo oluthintela ukungazinziswa ekumisweni.

Yenza ifomati yesakhelo ecace gca

Bonke abanikeli kufuneka bavume ukusebenzisa iseti eqhelekileyo yezalathisi ezikhutshwe kwisicwangciso sesizwe. Oku kufuna unxibelelwano lwangaphambili kunye nokulalanisa kwe-(abanikeli abathile bangafuna ukulahla ii-metric ezikhethelweyo zabo ngokukhetha ezinxulumene nobulali. Iingenelo ziquka ukwenza ingxelo lula, ubulunga bedata obuphezulu (ukususela kubadlali abaninzi abanikela kwisixokelelwano esinye), kunye nomfanekiso ocacileyo wenkqubela-phambili yesizwe sonke. Ubugcisa bunganceda: iinkqubo zogcino-lwazi lokwenyani kunye nolawulo lolwazi olusebenzisanayo zivumela onke amaqela ukuba anikezele ngeminxeba ekhankantsi kwaye ziphumele ngendlela ekhanyayo.

Global uGeneralship yeNkqubela-phambili yeKhompyutha eBalulekileyo (GPEDC) inika isalathisi sokujonga esiluncedo esilinganisa ulungelelwaniso kunye neminye imigaqo esebenzayo. Amazwe kunye nabanikeli bathatha inxaxheba kuhlolo oluthe rhoqo ukuvavanya inkqubela, enceda ukuchonga izikhephelo nokugcina abadlali benoxanduva kwizibophelelo zabo.

Ukuchanaba Nezenzo Zokunikela Utshintsho

Ekugqibeleni, ulungelelwaniso luza kuhlala lunzima logama iinkqubo zomnikeli zilungelelaniswa ukwenzela iziphumo ezifutshane, ezibonakalayo. Abasebenzi kufuneka batshintshe izisusa zabo zangaphakathi: uvavanyo kufuneka lunikezele umonde, umanyano, kunye neziphumo zexesha elide lokusebenza, kwaye zingabi zenziwa zilahleke nje kwinani lemali okanye ingxowa-mali yamajelo eendaba. Izibophelelo zemali eninzi, imali ethambekileyo, kunye namalungiselelo entsebenziswano (apho umntu omnye ulawula imali kwabanye) zonke zinciphisa ukwahlulwa kolawulo olukhululekileyo kunye nobuchule bolawulo bokwamkela abakhululekileyo.

Imigudu ye-Asiyan Bank yoPhuhliso elungelelanisa ukufumaneka kunye neenkqubo zolawulo lwemali inika imodeli. Ngokunciphisa iindleko zentengiselwano kunye nokulungelelanisa iinkqubo zelizwe, utshintsho olunjalo lwenza kube lula ngoorhulumente abamkelayo ukudibanisa uncedo lwangaphandle kumjikelo wabo.

Imbono yengingqi neyobuhlelo

Ulungelelwaniso lwahluka-hlukene ngokwemimandla necandelo. E-Afrika, apho amazwe amaninzi ajongene nokuxhomekeka koncedo oluphezulu kunye nobuchule bombuso obubuthathaka, ulungelelwaniso lunzima kakhulu. I-Agenda ye-Afrikaan Union 2063 inika isakhiwo selizwekazi, kodwa ukuguqulela kwiplani yesizwe kufuna isibopho esiqhubekayo sonikezelo. Kwicandelo lempilo, inyathelo lehlabathi lonke njengeGavi kunye ne-Global Fund liye lenza imigca ehambelana neenkqubo zempilo zesizwe, ukanti imingeni eqhubekayo (iiiiiiiieeeagends) ezilingana nezixhobo zemali ezidlula ezempilo.

Kwicandelo lemfundo, ulungelelwaniso luthetha ukuqinisekisa ukuba ulwakhiwo lwesikolo esiphakamile, uqeqesho, kunye nenkxaso yoqeqesho zifanele ucwangciso lwecandelo lemfundo lesizwe. I-Fast-Track Initiatiative (ngoku iGlobal Officeer for Education) yenzelwe ukuphucula ulungelelwaniso, kodwa uvavanyo lubonise iziphumo ezidityanisiweyo, ngokufuthi kuba abanikeli bayaqhubeka bexhasa imisebenzi yabo yesithobo ngaphandle kwecebo. Ngokufanayo, kwisiseko, abanikeli abakhulu njenge-Belt ne-Gradiation isebenza ngobuchule babo obucwangcisiweyo, ngokufuthi babangela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamazwe alapho athelelaneyo uphuhliso lwexesha elide.

Indima yobuxhakaxhaka nogcino-lwazi

Izixhobo zamanani ziya zisetyenziswa ukuphucula ulungelelwaniso. Iinkqubo zolawulo lwemali ezidityanisiweyo (IFMIS) zinganceda oorhulumente ukuba balandele yonke inkxaso yangaphandle esecaleni kwengeniso yasekhaya. Ii-data-data zivumela abemi kunye neequmrhu zolawulo ukuba babone ukuba zeziphi na iiprojekthi ezixhaswayo, apho zikhona, nokuba ziziphi. Ukukhutshwa kwemigangatho esekelwe kuncedo kusenziwa ukuze kukhutshwe ukubonakala okucacileyo nokunciphisa iindleko zentengiso.

Noko ke, ubugcisa asiyonto incedayo. Ngaphandle kokuba ezopolitiko zithanda ukwabelana ngogcino-lwazi kunye neenkqubo ezivumelanisayo, amaqonga amanani anokusuka nje adibane. Isitshixo kukuseka kuqala imilinganiselo eqhelekileyo kuze ke kwakhiwe ubugcisa phezulu kuyo. I-International Iffective Irenative Ixective (IATI) iye yenza inkqubela ekumiseleni imigangatho enjalo, kodwa ukuthabatha inxaxheba kuhlala kusenziwa ngokuzithandela kwaye kuthobela okungangqinelani.

Isiphelo: Imbopheleleko Yokudlelana

Ukunika uncedo lwamanye amazwe oluneenjongo zophuhliso lwesizwe asiyonkqubo ephunyezweyo yexesha elinye kodwa inkqubo eqhubekayo yengxoxo, ukufunda, kunye nokulungiswa. Kufuna abanikeli kunye nabamkeli ukuba bahambe ngaphaya kobuchule bokuthetha bakwamkele iinguqu ezingathandekiyo: abanikezeli kufuneka banikezele baze bamkele ixesha elide eligqithisiweyo; abamkeli kufuneka bakhe amaziko aqinileyo baze basebenzise ukhokelo lokwenene; kwaye bobabini kufuneka bazibophelele ekuboneni gcalucalucalulo kunye nokuphendulana kwabo.

Xa ulungelelwaniso lufunyenwe, impembelelo inzulu. uncedo luye lwazimela kunezinto ezibekwe endaweni yezobulali, umbilini wakhiwa kunokuba ugqithe, kwaye ukuphuhliswa kohambo lwesizwe kunokuba kube yiprojekthi yokunikezela ngenkonzo. Iindlela ezizinzileyo zizokwenene, kodwa zibekwe kwimigaqo yeSindululo seParis kwaye ziphuculwe kumashumi eminyaka okuqhelisa. Indleko yokuqhubeka ngomkhondo wokwenyaniso, uncedo olungalunganga luphezulu kakhulu: oovimba abalahlwayo, inkqubela ephilileyo, kwaye baphoswa ngamathuba ezigidi zabantu. Ixesha lokulungelelaniswa kokwenyaniso lingoku.