Ukuqonda isicwangciso soluntu esisekelwe

Ucwangciso lokuzinzisa olusekelwe kuluntu luyinkqubo yokuguqula intlekele ilungele ukulungiselela ukutshintsha ukujolisa phambili ukusuka phezulu, ukuphendula kukarhulumente ngokuncedisana kwinkqubo elungiselelwe indawo. Inika amandla abemi, amashishini, iintlangano, iinkampani zengingqi ezingafumani ngeniso, kunye namaqumrhu karhulumente asekuhlaleni ukuchaza amandla awo akhethekileyo okuzikhusela ngokwawo kwaye aphuhlisa iindlela zokuzixhobisa ngokwazo amandla. Le nkqubo yomzantsi-yazulu iqinisekisa ukuba amacebo awayo isikhokelo esikhethekileyo kodwa endaweni yoko abonakalisa imo yemo yezulu, amanani, izibonelelo, izibonelelo, kunye nelaphu lenkcube yoluntu ngalunye. Injongo kukwakha amandla okubala ukuphakama kwesandi emva phayaa emva phayaa, ukutshona kwe-atmosss, imisinga, ii-eathoms, ii-ebrozils, ii-dmicconds, ii-dmistling, okanye urbreactives.

Ulungiso alukho malunga nokuba nomqulu weempahla; lubandakanya iinqanaba ezine ezingundoqo: ukulungiselela, ukutshintsha, ulungiso, ukutshintsha izibonelelo, kunye nobuchule bokufunda kwiziganeko ezidlulileyo. Ngokwe ` Ukuqesha. Ucwangciso lwesakhiwo , ugcino-lwazi olusebenzayo lubandakanya amacandelo amane angundoqo: ukulungiselela, ukuphendula, ukuphucula, kunye nokulungelelanisa. Ucwangciso loluntu ludibanisa bonke abane kumjikelo oluqhubekayo, ngolwamjikelo oluqhubekayo phakathi kweenkokeli nabahlali.

Isizathu Sokuba Umlindi Wesizwe Abe Liqabane Elibalulekileyo

I-National Guard inendawo ekhethekileyo kwimikhosi yolawulo lwemeko-bume yexesha likaxakeka eMelika. Ngokungafaniyo nemikhosi yomkhosi esebenzayo, abagada basebenza phantsi kwegunya elibini.

Kucwangciso lokuzinzisa olusekelwe ekuhlaleni, ugada lusebenza njengenqindi yemikhosi. Ayiniki abasebenzi kuphela izixhobo ezizodwa (izithuthi zamanzi aphezulu, iilori ezihambayo zonxibelelwano, amandla obugcisa bokuphakamisa inqwelo-moya) kunye nobuchule bobugcisa kwinjineli, amayeza, ii-gnostics, kunye nekhompyutha engakwaziyo ukumelana nekhompyutha. Ngobuchule bonxibelelwano lwabalindi kwimibutho yobulali, abantu bangaqukuqela izicelo zoncedo kunye nokunxibelelana nezixhobo zikarhulumente kunye noorhulumente.

Imbali Nendaleko Yokuceba Kwamatyala

Ingcamango yokuzinzisa koluntu inemvelaphi kwixesha lokuzikhusela kwemiphakathi yomkhosi wama-1950, ejolise kwingxelo yokusinda kuhlaselo lwenyukliya. Emashumini eminyaka, indlela yokuzimela yatshintshela kwintlekele zendalo emva kweSitshingitshane uKatrina (2005) ebhenca iimpazamo ezinzulu ekuphenduleni okuphakathi. iPost-Katrina Emergency Managency Management Reformmentment Act ka 2006 kunye nemiyalelo yegunya elilandelayo yagxininisa imfuneko yokuzibophelela koluntu kunye nokulungiselela lonke. Indima yesizwe yokhuseleko olulula kunye ne-logistss ukuquka ukuvalela uluntu, ukuxhasa impilo kawonke, kunye noqeqesho lokuzinzisa.

Namhlanje, iSebe loKhuseleko likhuthaza amaqela abagada ukuba abe nenxaxheba kwiikomiti zokucwangcisa ezilungiselelwe abantu abaqhelekileyo, ukuqhelisela imithambo edityanisiweyo, kunye neenkampani zokulungisa. Le ndaleko ibonisa ulwamkelo olubanzi lokuba umkhosi awunakusebenza kakuhle kwindawo engenamsebenzi. Iimpendulo zempumelelo yentlekele zenzeka xa abasebenzi abafana beqonda izinto eziphambili ekuhlaleni naxa abantu besazi oko bamele bakulindele kwinkxaso yasemkhosini.

ICandelo leNkcubeko eliBalulekileyo

Uvavanyo lokusebenza ngokufezekileyo

Lucwangciso ngalunye olusebenzayo lokuzinzisa luqala ngokuhlola ngokucokisekileyo iingozi kunye nezinto ezikhoyo. Oku kuquka ukuzoba iindawo eziza kukhukula, iindawo eziyingozi emlilweni, izibonelelo ezibalulekileyo (iindawo zokuxhasa amandla, ibhulorho, kunye noothunywashe abakhoyo abafana nabemi abalupheleyo, abahlwempuzekileyo, kunye nolwimi. Ugada banegalelo ngokulungiselela uhlalutyo lwejiyo, amaqela okuhlola umonakalo, kunye neezithuba zokulawula ezihambayo ezinokuqokelela ulwazi lokwenene lwexesha. Umzekelo, amaqela axhasa amakhaya ayakwazi ukufumanisa imichiza, ii-radiography, ii-radio, kunye nezisongelo zenyukliya, zongeza ukhuseleko olungenakufumaneka kuphela kwiindawo ezininzi.

Ukuzinikela Nokwakha Ngokuthembana

Umanyano loluntu asingonxulumano lwexesha elinye; lubandakanya unxulumano oluqhubekayo. Ucwangciso oluphumelelayo lubandakanya iiholo zedolophu, amaqela ajolisekileyo, kunye nonxulumano nemibutho esekelwe kukholo, izikolo, amazwe esizwe, kunye nonxulumano lwasekuhlaleni. Ubukho boMgaqo-mkhosi weSizwe kwezi ziganeko bunceda ukuphelisa imisebenzi yomkhosi kunye nokwakha ukuthembana. Uphando lubonisa ukuba abantu abanonxulumano oluqinileyo noLugaqo-lu lulubonelela ngokukhawuleza ukuthotyelwa kwemizwano yamakhaya ngexesha longxamiseko. Umzekelo, emva kwemisibo yemfazwe engama-2023 eHawaii, amalungu ekwalathiswa kwemibutho esebenzela uluntu ngaphambili aye akwazi ukumisela iingongoma zokusasaza nolwando lwezitishi, kuba abemi bebazi ukuba bayazi ukuba bangabancedisincedile, kunokuba bangabathandi abantu abangaphandle.

Uqeqesho nokwakhiwa komsebenzi

Ucwangciso lokulungisa imo-mfama kufuneka ukuba iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni kunye namavolontiya aluncedo. Abagada besizwe banikela uqeqesho kuncedo lokuqala, ukukhangela nokusindisa, ulawulo lwekhusi, ulawulo lwendlela yokukhomba, kunye nonxibelelwano lukanomathotholo. Iinkqubo ezifana ne Communy Emergency Resption Teation Teamment Team (i-CERT) zisoloko zidityaniswa nabaqeqeqeshi bonxibelelwano. La matsha - ntliziyo aqeqeqeshiweyo aba ngumgca wokuqala wempendulo phambi kokuba amaqela e-RCidevectives. I-armings aqhuba uqeqesho olunxulumene neempendulo zenyikimaye okanye iziqhubo ezisebenzayo, ziqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu wazi indima yakhe kunye nemithetho yonxibelelwano phantsi koxinzelelo loxinzelelo.

Iingenelo Zokufudusela Abalindi Besizwe Kwimigudu Yasekuhlaleni

Isantya Esandisiweyo nolungelelwaniso

Xa uVavanyi bebotshelelwe ekucebeni kwasekuqaleni, amaxesha okuphendula ehla ngendlela ephawulekayo. Imimandla echazwe ngaphambi kokuba kufike iqonga, kunye nemijelo yonxibelelwano emiselwe kwangaphambili iphelisa imfuneko yokwakha ulwalamano ngexesha lengxaki. Isifundo samashumi amabini22 esenziwa yiRAND Corporation safumanisa ukuba abantu abasebenzisa iinkqubo zokunxibelelana nabalindi bafumana unciphiso olungu-30% kwixesha phakathi kweziphumo zentlekele nokufika koncedo lomkhosi.

Ubuchule Bexabiso

Ucwangciso olusekelwe kuluntu lunciphisa iindleko zexesha elide zeentlekele. Ierandi nganye esetyenzisiweyo ekuzilungiseni ilahleko ilahleko kwintlekele ezayo, ngokweSiko loBubhaliso beSizwe seScience. Ubuchule boMgaqo-mkhosi bokunikezela ngemisebenzi, injineli, kunye nee-logics ngaphandle kwexabiso elithe ngqo kurhulumente wasekuhlaleni (umsebenzi owenziwa ngurhulumente) iyenza ibe liqabane elixabisa kakhulu. Ngaphezu koko, abasebenzi bokhuselo abaqeqesha amatsha - ntliziyo basekuhlaleni bandise iziphumo zabo ngaphandle kokwandisa intlawulo lukamasipala.

Ukwakhiwa Kwezakhiwo Zoluntu

Ukulungiselela ukulungiselela ukulungiselela ukulungiselela iqumrhu lokuthembeka nokuzithemba okunceda abantu basekuhlaleni ukuba bazilungiselele ngexesha longxamiseko. Xa amalungu oMgaqo-nqaka elungiselela ukutya ngendlela yokuzimela, anceda abahlali abakhulileyo bafake izixhobo zokuhlola umsi, okanye bakhuthaze intlalo elungiselelwe ulutsha, bomeleza intlalo-ntle yabantu. Olu lwalamano lunika iingenelo xa kufikelelwa intlekele, njengoko abamelwane abazina nabathembana benolwazi omnye komnye banokuxilongana omnye komnye baze babelane ngoovimba.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Okuzalisekisa Izicwangciso Zokubuyisela Umva Nabalindi Besizwe

Inyathelo lesi-1: Zimisele iKomiti yokuCwangcisa eManyeneyo

Yenza ikomiti equka abaphathi bongxamiseko basekuhlaleni, amagosa ezempilo karhulumente, abameli besithili sesikolo, namagosa okunxibelelana ne-Rhovers. Le komiti kufuneka idibane ngokwekota ukuze ihlole iingxelo zengozi, ihlaziye imigaqo-nkqubo yonxibelelwano, kwaye ilungelelanise izicelo. Igada linokunikezela ngomatshini ozahluleleyo ukuze ancede ekuqulunqeni ubuncwane bomkhosi ngezinto eziza kuqala zasekuhlaleni.

Inyathelo lesi-2: Yenza uhlalutyo lomda

Yazi izithuba phakathi kobuchule obukhoyo kunye nemfuno zemeko embi kakhulu. Umzekelo, ngaba uluntu luneebhegi ezaneleyo zesanti zesikhukula esineminyaka engama-500? Ingaba isibhedlele singasebenzisa amandla okhuselo iiyure ezingama-72? Ingaba ingingqi inezithuthi eziphezulu ezaneleyo zokuhlangula abahlali kwimimandla ezele ngamanzi? Ugada banganceda ukuzalisa izithuba ezininzi ngezi zikhephe zayo ngezixhobo ezikhethekileyo.

Inyathelo Lesithathu: Zimisele Iqonga Loqeqesho Elinobuchule

Yenza ikhalenda yoqeqesho yeminyaka emininzi equka imithambo engaphezulu kunye nokuqhelisa okupheleleyo. Abagada bangakhokela kuqeqesho kwingxwelerha ezisisixa esinengozi, intsabelo yezixhobo eziyingozi, kunye nenkqubo yomyalelo (ICS) yeziganeko. Ikhuthaza amaqela eCERT asekuhlaleni ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwimithambo eqhotyoshwayo, esoloko iquka iimeko ezikhoyo ezifana nokuwa kokwakha okufaniweyo okanye uhlaselo lwekhompyutha kwiinkqubo zamanzi.

Inyathelo 4: Bambelela Abalindi Kwiphulo Lonxibelelwano

Ukulungiselela ukubuyisa kusebenza kuphela ukuba uluntu luyakwazi oko lufanele lukwenze. Abagada bangancedisa ngezibhengezo zenkonzo kawonke-wonke, amaphulo oonontlalo-ntle, kunye nemidlalo yoluntu. Ekubeni amalungu oLungelo ehlonelwa kwiindawo ezininzi, ukukhuthazwa kwawo kwamaziko ongxamiseko, iindlela zokufudusa, kunye nemiqondiso yamatsha - ntliziyo yokwazisa ingakumbi ukubandakanyeka kwabantu ngokubanzi.

Inyathelo 5: Yenza ingqwalaselo zasemva kwesenzo kunye nenkqubela-phambili eqhubekayo

Emva kokusebenza okanye ukuqhelisa, yenza uhlolo lwelungu emva kwe-action oluquka uphando lwabagaxeli-nxaxheba. Izifundo zoxwebhu zifundwe, zihlaziywe, zize zabelane ngeziphumo ezifunyenweyo nabantu abangommelwane. Iinkqubo zokunika ingxelo emva kokwenza imithambo zinokusetyenziswa ukulondoloza inkqubela ekuhambeni kwexesha, zidala indinyana elungisa icebo lokuzinzisa emva kwesiganeko ngasinye.

Ukuthetha ngokufanelekileyo kwisicwangciso sokulungisa

Ucwangciso olusekelwe kuluntu kufuneka lucombulule ngokucacileyo iimfuno zabemi ababuthathaka, kuquka amakhaya afumana imali ephantsi, abantu abakhubazekileyo, abathethi abangengomaNgesi, kunye nabantu abahlala kwiindawo ezinemibala engafaniyo. Kwimbali, la maqela aye achatshazelwa ngokungenakulinganiswa ziintlekele kwaye ngokufuthi akhutshwa kwiinkqubo zokucwangcisa. Ugada bangaxhasa ukuthelekelelana ngokuncedisana nemibutho esekelwe kuluntu enceda aba bantu, ukulungiselela iinkonzo zoguqulelo, nokuqinisekisa ukuba iindlela zokufuduka kunye neendawo zokufihla ikhusi zifikelelekile. Umzekelo, iiyunithi zokhuselo lwemibutho zinokuqhuba umnyango-lundwendwe oluphantsi kwemimandla egciniweyo ukuze zisasaze zibone ukuba abantu abafuna uncedo lwamayeza okukhuthulwayo.

Kwakhona ukulingana kuthetha ukuqwalasela iimpembelelo zezoqoqosho zeentlekele. Amashishini amancinane, asisiseko sezoqoqosho zasekuhlaleni, asoloko engenazo imithombo yokulungiselela ukuphazamisa okuqhubekayo. Ukubandakanywa kweZiganga ekuzilungiseni kusenokuquka ukuxhasa imimandla yoshishino nokukhusela imimandla yezorhwebo ngexesha longxamiseko, ngaloo ndlela kulondolozwa imisebenzi kunye nengeniso yerhafu.

Indima yobuxhakaxhaka nogcino-lwazi olunesabelo

Ucwangciso lokuzinzisa lwangoku luxhomekeke kugcino-lwazi. Iinkqubo zolwazi lwe-groographic (GIS) zinceda imaphu enika iziphumo zemvo zokoqobo, izivo zokoqobo ezihlola amanqanaba omlambo nomgangatho womoya, kunye noncedo lwezentlalo-ntle yoluntu olubonisa indlela yogcino-lwazi oluthe gqolo-gqaba-gqaba. Ugada uzisa unxibelelwano oluphambili kunye namandla ogcino-lwazi anokudityaniswa nabaphathi bongxamiseko. Umzekelo, amaqela abagada bayakwazi ukusebenzisa ii-meterneyneyney ewebs ukubuyisela inkonzo yeseli kwimimandla yentlekele, ivumela abaphendula kuqala ukusebenzisa ii-cellneaccoms. Basebenzisa namaziko okubukela ugcino-data oluqululiweyo oluvela kwimithombo emininzi kwaye anikeze umfanekiso womsebenzi oqhelekileyo kubo bonke abaphendula.

Noko ke, ukwabelana ngogcino-lwazi kufuneka kwenziwe ngendlela yokukhusela imfihlo. Abantu kufuneka bamisele ubuchule bokuqonda kubalindi obuchaza indlela ulwazi lobuqu oluza kuphathwa ngayo. Ukubonisa ngaphaya kolwazi kuyalwakha ugcino-lwazi kwaye kukhuthaza abemi ukuba babe nenxaxheba kuhlolisiso lokuzinzisa nokuzibhoza.

Ukutshintsha Kwemozulu Nokukhula Kwemfuneko Yokuzinzisa

Utshintsho lwemozulu luyanda ubuninzi kunye nobunzulu bemozulu, ukusuka kwinkanyamba nakwimililo eshushu ukuya kutsho kwizantyalantyala zomhlaba. Ugada baseburhulumenteni sele besabela kwiintlekele zemozulu ezinxulumene namaxesha okuma kunangaphambili. Ngo-2023 kuphela, amaqela ogada axhotyiselwa ukulungiselela iintlanganiso zentlekele ezingaphezu kwama-300, ukwanda okusuka kwishumi leminyaka ngaphambili. Ucwangciso lokuzinzisa koluntu kufuneka lubandakanye imozulu ende, enjengonyuko lolwandle kunye nokutshintsha kwemijelo yemvula, kwiingxelo zengozi.

Ngaphezu koko, iZigaqo zibandakanyeka ngakumbi kwimisebenzi yokuziqhelanisa nemozulu, efana nokwakha imiqobo yezikhukula, ukomeleza izibonelelo ezicekethekileyo, nokuxhasa ukuphathwa kwamahlathi ukunciphisa izithuthi zeoli ezitshayo. Ngokudibanisa le migudu kwizicwangciso zokuzinzisa intlalo, iinkokeli zasekuhlaleni zingaqinisekisa ukuba inkxaso yemozulu karhulumente neyorhulumente isetyenziswe ngokunempumelelo.

Impilo Yengqondo Nokuchacha Okude

Ukuchanabeka akupheli xa ingozi idlula. Ukululama okukhawulezileyo kuquka ukudibana nomonakalo wengqondo weentlekele, onokuthi uhlale iminyaka. Ucwangciso olusekelwe kuluntu kufuneka luquke iziko lokhuseleko lwempilo yengqondo, njengokucebisa ngeengxaki zobushushu, amaqela okuxhasa, nemigaqo-nkqubo yokubuyela emsebenzini. Ukhuseleko lwesizwe lunganceda ngokulungiselela iinkonzo zobufundisi, ukudibanisa abemi kunye nemithombo yezakhono zeVeterans, kunye nokuqeqesha amalungu oluntu kwinkxaso yokuqala yengqondo.

Ukubonelela ngenkxaso nokulondolozwa

Ukulungiselela inkqubo yokuzinzisa kufuneka inkxaso-mali enikezelweyo. Umanyano lunganikela ngenkxaso yemali ekhoyo evela kwi-Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), iSebe loKhuseleko lwaseHomeland, kunye neSebe leenkqubo zokhuselo lokhuseleko. Ugadali banganceda oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenzisa ezi zicelo ngokunikezela ngoncedo lobugcisa nangokubonisa inkxaso engqinelanayo. Umzekelo, ukuzimisela kweqela labalindixesha lokuthatha inxaxheba kwimithambo edityanisiweyo kungabala njengemirhumo edityaniswayo ukuze banikezele iimfuno ezingqinelanayo.

Ukongezelela, abantu kufuneka bahlole unxulumano lukawonke-wonke, apho amashishini asekuhlaleni axhasa izixhobo zokuzinzisa okanye uqeqesho lokutshintshiselana ngenkxaso ephambili ngexesha longxamiseko. Ubukho boMgaqo bunokwenza olu nxulumano lube nomtsalane ngakumbi kwiinkampani ezifuna ukunxulumaniswa neqabane elithembekileyo nelifanelekileyo.

Isiphelo: Ukwakha Isithethe Sokuxolela

Ukuzinzisa okusekelwe kuluntu nokuzinzisa okusekelwe kuMgaqo-nkqubo weSizwe asiyonkqubo yokuzilolonga; kukuzibophelela okuqhubekayo kukhuseleko, intsebenziswano, nokuzilungiselela. Xa amalungu asekuhlaleni nawabalindi eqeqeshwa kunye, eceba, kwaye esabelana kunye, adala isithethe sokuzimela esidlula nayiphi na intlekele. Le nkcubeko iqinisekisa ukuba abantu abalwamkeli nje kuphela abangenzi nto kodwa abasebenzi ekuphuculeni kwabo.

Ukudityaniswa okungaqhelekanga kwemvelaphi yasekuhlaleni, uqeqesho lomkhosi, kunye noncedo lwamaqumrhu karhulumente kwenza ukuba ibe liqabane elifanelekileyo kuluntu olufuna ukwakha ikamva eliqinileyo. Ngokulandela amanyathelo achazwe kweli nqaku ```ikomiti zokucwangcisa ezimanyeneyo, ukuqhuba uhlaziyo, ukuqeqesha amatsha - ntliziyo, ukusebenzisa ubugcisa ngobulumko, nokubeka phambi kolawulo lwe-quity/nal-naye naliphi na ibutho loluntu elinokomeleza amandla okumelana nokuchachacha kwiingxaki ezingaphambili. Ixesha lokuqala liphambi kokuba kufike intlekele elandelayo.