Nakuyiphi na idemokhrasi efanelwe ligama, umthetho womthetho umi njengentsika yawo echazayo. Yaye kwinqanaba lomthetho eliyintloko ulawulo oluzimeleyo olukwinkundla ezichaza kwaye zisebenzisa umthetho ongenangcinezelo, impembelelo, okanye uloyiko. Ngaphandle kweenkundla ezizimeleyo, amalungelo nenkululeko yabemi abathathwa lula njengezithembiso ezingonakala lula abo basemagunyeni. Iinkundla ze Independent azingophawu lwedemokhrasi; ziyindlela eyenza ukuba idemokhrasi ibe yokwenene, iqiniseke ukuba akukho namnye umntu onegunya eliphezulu kurhulumente.

Isiseko Solawulo Lwedemokhrasi

Uluntu lwedemokhrasi lusekelwe kwingcamango yokuba igunya limele lilinganiselwe kwaye libeke ityala. Iinkundla ezizimeleyo zisebenza njengelungiselelo eliyintloko lokuqinisekisa ukuba lo mgaqo usemthethweni uya kuqinisekiswa. Xa abagwebi benokugqiba ngamatyala asekelwe kumthetho kuphela nobungqina, ngaphandle kokuxhalabela ukuphindisa ngokwezobupolitika okanye uluvo oluthandwayo, benza imekobume ezizinzileyo apho abemi banokuthemba ukuba izityholo zabo ziya kuvakala kakuhle. Oku kuyimfuneko ukuze kubekho uxolo, ulwando lwezoqoqosho, nokufuduselwa koxolo lwamandla. Ngaphandle kwalo, ulawulo lolawulo-othomo-mthetho luzifaka engozini yokulawulwa okanye isiphithiphithiphithi.

Ukuzimela kwejaji akuthethi nje ngokukhusela abantu kwilizwe. Kukwaqinisekisa ukuba amasebe awahlukeneyo karhulumente ahlala kwimida yawo engokomGaqo-siseko. Ngokuhlola kwezomthetho, iinkundla zingawisa imithetho echasene namalungelo asisiseko okanye egqitha igunya lemithetho. Zinganyanzela umphathi ukuba alandele iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo kwaye alungise izenzo ezingekho mthethweni. Le nkqubo yokuhlola nokulinganisela kungokohlula idemokhrasi yokwenene kwidemokhrasi apho uninzi lungacinezela khona iinguqu ngaphandle kokucela uncedo.

Imisebenzi ye Core ye Jidicia Ezimeleyo

Ukuqonda isizathu sokuba iinkundla ezizimeleyo zibalulekile, kuyanceda ukuhlolisisa iimbopheleleko eziziphumezayo kwidemokhrasi. Le misebenzi ingaphezulu lee kunokucombulula nje iimpikiswano phakathi kwamaqela abantu.

Ukuxhasa umgaqo-siseko

Uninzi lwedemokhrasi lunemithetho-siseko ebhaliweyo emisela imithetho esisiseko yokulawula. Iinkundla ezizimeleyo zisebenza njengabagcini-mgaqo-siseko. Xa umthetho okanye isenzo solawulo oluphezulu singqubana nemigaqo-siseko, iinkundla zinegunya (nemisebenzi) nokuyivakalisa ukuba ayisebenzi. Le ndima, ebizwa ngokuba luhlolo lwezomthetho, ifuna abagwebi ukuba basebenzise umbhalo wesiseko somgaqo-siseko kunye nemizekelo ngaphandle kokuzithoba kwingcinezelo eqhelekileyo okanye uphembelelo lwezopolitiko.

Ukukhusela Amalungelo Nenkululeko Yomntu Ngamnye

Imikhosi ye-Democracism iqinisekisa amalungelo athile, njengenkululeko yokuthetha, yonqulo, yendibano, kunye nenkqubo efanelekileyo. La malungelo anenjongo kuphela ukuba inkundla engakhethi buso iyakwazi ukuwanyanzelisa. Xa urhulumente ezama ukuphelisa ukungavumelani, ukuvalela uqheliselo lonqulo, okanye ukuvalela abantu ngokungenamdla, abantu kufuneka bafumane ilungelo kwinkundla efuna ukuva ityala labo nokulawula iimfanelo zabo. Iinkundla ze-ewester ziqinisekisa ukuba amalungelo awangomaphepha nje athembisa kodwa anyanzeleka ukuba akhuselwe. Umzekelo, iNkundla yamaLungelo e-European Yamalungelo abantu [[ isoloko ikholelwa ukuba amele ukuba aphendule ngenxa yokwaphula umthetho, ibonisa indlela iziko zomthetho ezinokuthi ngayo ukuba ziwamkele amalungelo eenkundla zasekuhlaleni xa ziphantsi koxinzelelo.

Ukucombulula Iingxabano Ngokungakhethi Buso

Ngaphandle kwamatyala omgaqo-siseko namalungelo, iinkundla ezizimeleyo zisingatha iimpikiswano ezininzi ezingokwasemthethweni, impahla, imicimbi yentsapho, izityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho. Kwityala ngalinye, amaqela kufuneka athembe ukuba ijaji ayinayo igalelo lobuqu kwiziphumo kwaye iya kusebenzisa umthetho ngokungathathi cala. Oku kungakhethi bucala kwenza umthetho ube yinto yokwenene kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Ngaphandle kwayo, intengiselwano yezoqoqosho iba yingozi, ulwaphulo-mthetho luyedwa, kwaye ibutho labantu liba kwindawo apho linokulungisa khona.

Ukuphendula Ngamandla

Iinkundla ezizimeleyo zisebenza njengenkqubo yokuphendula. Amagosa karhulumente, ukusuka kubaphathi-mikhosi basekuhlaleni ukuya kwiintloko zikarhulumente, angasiwa phambi kwenkundla xa egqitha igunya lawo okanye ephula umthetho. Iinkundla zingayalela ukuba kukhululwe abantu abavalelwe ngokuphosakeleyo, kufuneke kubonakale kwizigqibo zikarhulumente, kwaye abeke izigwebo zokunganyaniseki okusemthethweni. Lo msebenzi wokuphendula ubalulekile ekuthinteleni ukonakala nasekuthinteleni ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla karhulumente. Kumazwe amaninzi, iinkundla ezikhethekileyo ezilwa nolwaphulo-mthetho zimiselwe ukuba zifake izigqeqesho kwiiofisi eziphezulu, zixhomekeke kwinkululeko yezomthetho ukuze zimelane nokuphazamisana nezopolitiki. [[FLT.[FLT:]] Iproject ye-World Projects [[FLD]]

Isizathu sokuba Inkululeko Yejaji Ingabi Nakuthintelwa

Ixabiso leenkundla ezizimeleyo alikho ngqiqweni; linemiphumo ecacileyo kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi bedemokhrasi.

Ukukhusela Ukuqiniswa Kwamandla

Ukuxinezeleka kwamandla kulo naliphi na isebe likarhulumente kusongela idemokhrasi. Iinkundla ezizimeleyo zisebenza njengobunzima obuchaphazelekayo, ziqinisekisa ukuba isebe eliphetheyo okanye indlu yowiso-mthetho ayinako ukulawula inkqubo yezobupolitika. Xa urhulumente enokuphembelela abagwebi, ifumana igunya elingathintelekiyo lokuchaza imithetho exhasa, ukucinezela abachasi, nokungawuthobeli umgaqo-siseko. Imbali ibonisa ukuba amanyathelo okuqala ajongene nedemokhrasi abandakanya ukuthomalalisa ijaji-dentiyah, ukulahla abagwebi, okanye ukubeka iinkundla ezinamatyala anyanisekileyo. Ngokwahlukileyo, oorhulumente abazimeleyo basebenza kwimidali esemthethweni, belondoloza ukwahlulwa kwamagunya.

Ukuqinisekisa Izilingo Ezifanelekileyo Nendlela Efanelekileyo

Wonke umntu otyholwa ngolwaphulo-mthetho okanye obandakanyekileyo kwimbambano engokwasemthethweni ufanele agwetywe ngokusesikweni. Iinkundla ze- Independent ziqinisekisa ukuba amatyala aququzelelwa ngokweenkqubo ezimisiweyo, ngaphandle kocalucalulo, uloyiko, okanye ulwalathiso olungaphandle. Inkqubo elindelekileyo iquka ilungelo lokuxelelwa ngezityholo, ukunikela ubungqina, ukumangalela amangqina, nokubhenela kwizindululo. Xa iinkundla zingazimelenga, la malungelo anokungahoywa. Abachasi bezobupolitika basenokugwetywa kwiinkundla eziqinileyo, abambalwa banokufumana izigwebo ezingqongqo, kwaye izityebi banokuthenga izigwebo ezifanelekileyo. Intengo zilulo zilulo ezithenjiweyo zilulo zentembelo kawonke, kwaye okokuba intembelo xa iinkundla zibonwa njengezixhobo zegunya.

Ukuzinza kwezoqoqosho nokuziko

Amashishini kunye nabanikazi kufuneka baxelelwe ukuba kuhlale kukho iimeko ezingokwasemthethweni ukuze baphumelele. Iinkundla ze- Independent zinyanzelisa izivumelwano, zikhusela amalungelo empahla, zicombulule iimbambano zezorhwebo ngokunempumelelo nangokungakhethi. Xa ijaji yelizwe ithathwa njengeyonakeleyo okanye ephantsi kokungenelela kwezobupolitika, ukuhla komngeniselo wemali nokukhula kwezoqoqosho. Amaqumrhu eetha-mali kunye namaqumrhu ajonge ukuzimela kwemali ngokuthe ngqo njengefekta ekhoyo phakathi kwemeko yelizwe yomngcipheko wemali. Ngoko ke ukuqinisa iinkundla akuyo imfuneko yedemokhrasi kodwa yezoqoqosho. Brennan Center yeJast yeJagement yeJant yeJaji [[ ipapashe uphando oluthe ngqo phakathi kwezemali nempumelelo.

Ukulondoloza Intembelo Kuwonke Wonke Ezinhlanganweni

Imikhosi yezopolitiko ixhomekeke kumthetho-siseko.) Inkolelo yokuba amaziko asesikweni kwaye afanelwe kukuthobela. Iinkundla ezizimeleyo zifumana oko ngokomthetho ngokuhamba kwexesha ngokukhupha izigqibo eziqiqeshiweyo ezingqinelana nokuqwalaselwa nguwonke-wonke. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, xa iinkundla zibonwa njengezikhethayo okanye ezijongeka zingenamdla wezopolitiko, ukuthembana. Ingingqi zingalahlekelwa lukholo kwinkqubo esemthethweni zezomthetho zize ziguqukele kwiindlela zokucombulula iingxabano, ukusuka ekuphakaleni kobundlobongela. Amaqondo aphezulu okukholo kwijajinga ejajini anxulumene nomlinganiselo osezantsi wolwaphulo-mthetho, ukuthotyelwa okuthe kokugqibela, nokutshintsha okuseluxolweni kwemithetho, nokunye okuthelelana koxolo. Ngoko ukuzimela-mthetho kungumbandela wokuzinziswa kwentlalo-ntlalo.

Iingxaki Ezisongela Inkululeko Yogwebo

Phezu kwako nje ukubaluleka kwayo, ukuzimela geqe kuhlala kusiba nocelomngeni kwanakulawulo - melo olumiselweyo.

Ukudibana Kwezobupolitika Nokupakishwa Kwenkundla

Eyona nto isongela ngokungqalileyo ivela kumagosa anyuliweyo afuna ukuphembelela izigqibo zenkundla. Oku kunokwenzeka ngokugxekwa kwabagwebi, izisongelo kwiinkundla ezidutyulisiweyo, okanye amaqhinga omthetho okususa igunya kwiimeko ezithile. Olu hlobo luchuliweyo lukukupheliswa kwenkundla, iijaji ezijongene nokulawulwa kwemithetho yezopolitiko. Kwanakwizigwebo ezimileyo, iingxoxo zeNkundla Ephakamileyo ezijongene nokulawulwa kwenkululeko, ziye zaba zezona ziphambili kulawulo lwezomthetho, kuvavanywa imida yokulawula inkundla yetyala.

Ubuchule Bokufumana inkxaso-mali

Iinkundla azinakusebenza ngokunempumelelo ngaphandle kwenkxaso eyaneleyo, abasebenzi, kunye nezibonelelo zomzimba. Abagwebi abahlawulwa phantsi kwemali banokuba ngamaxhoba okunyotywa; iinkundla ezixinzelelwe phantsi zibangela ukuba kubekho ukulibaziseka okuthatha ixesha elide okungavumelani nokusesikweni. Xa oorhulumente bebulala izibonelelo ngabom, balulaza ukukwazi ukusebenza ngaphandle koncedo. Isigxina esiphantsi sikwanyanzelisa iinkundla ukuba zimisele amatyala athile okanye zixhomekeke kwiminikelo yabucala, zibangela inkxalabo yomdla. Icandelo eliphambili lisiseko sokuzimela ngokwazimele. Ukungahliswa koqingqo lwabiwo-mali kuxhomekeke ekusebenziseni imigaqo yezobupolitika kungumlo oqhubekayo.

Izisongelo Noloyiko KuBagwebi

ABagwebi neentsapho zabo banokuba ngamaxhoba ogonyamelo, ukusongelwa, ukungcungcuthekiswa, nokungabi nakuhlalwa kakuhle kwentlalo. Kwamanye amazwe, imibutho yolwaphulo-mthetho okanye abagwebi abanxaxhayo kwezobupolitika bahlasela abalawuli abachasene neenjongo zabo. Xa urhulumente engakwaziyo ukunikela ukhuseleko olwaneleyo, abagwebi basenokuzikhusela, baphephe amatyala aphikisanayo, okanye bayeke. Kwimiba enzima, ukubulawa kwabagwebi kuye kwenzeka ngaphandle kwesohlwayo. Ukukhusela ukukhuseleka emzimbeni kunye nempilo engqondo yamagosa alawulayo kubalulekile ekulondolozeni izigwebo ezizimeleyo. Oku kufuna ukuba kubekho imilinganiselo enzima yokhuseleko kunye nezithethe ezigweba iinkundla.

Urhwaphilizo Nokungabi natyala

Ngokuhlekisayo, ukuzimela ngokwamatyala kusenokuthotywa phantsi kukungabikho kokuziphendulela kwijaji ngokwayo. Ukuba abagwebi abonakeleyo, bakhetha ityala, okanye abakwaziyo, uluntu luyaphelelwa kukuthemba kwinkqubo yonke. Iinkundla ezizimeleyo kufuneka zidityaniswe nemilinganiselo eqinileyo yokuziphatha, iinkqubo zokumiswa kwedinga, kunye neenkqubo zokuqeqesha ukuziphatha okubi ngaphandle kokulalanisa kwisigqibo somthetho. Ukuzimisela oku kulula. Ukulawula ngokungqongqo kusenokusoyikisa abagwebi, ngoxa ukuphatha kakubi kuvumela ukuxhatshazwa kwetyala ukuba kuphumelele.

Indlela Yokukhusela Inkululeko Yokugweba

Ukukhusela inkululeko yejaji kufuna ukuba kubekho imigaqo engokwasemthethweni, yezentlangano nenkcubeko.

Ukhuseleko lomGaqo-siseko nomthetho

Isiseko esomeleleyo sozimeleyo kwezomthetho singumgaqo-siseko oqinisekisa ngokucacileyo. Amalungiselelo obomi okanye amagama asisigxina, ukhuseleko ekususweni ngokweembono, kunye nemivuzo ekhuselekileyo zizinto eziqhelekileyo. Imithetho-siseko emininzi ikwamisela amagunya enkonzo ezimeleyo okuphatha amadinga, ukunyusela, kunye nengqeqesho, ukukhusela abagwebi kulawulo oluthe ngqo lwezobupolitika. Izivumelwano zezizwe ngezizwe, ezifana ne Imigaqo esisiseko kwi-Inkululeko ye Jaudiary[, inika imigaqo-sikhokelo enokuthi amazwe angayithabatha. Noko ke, ukhuseleko lomgaqo-siseko sinamandla kuphela njengoko ezo zobupolitika zifuna ukunyanzelelwa.

Idinga Elicace gca nelisekelwe kuMit

Indlela abagwebi abakhethwa ngayo ngokunzulu bachaphazela inkululeko yabo. Iinkqubo ezixhomekeke ekumiselweni kwezobupolitika zidla ngokuvelisa abagwebi abajongelwe ukumisela igunya. Ngokwahlukileyo, iinkqubo ezibandakanya amabhunga agwebayo, iipali ezizimeleyo, okanye iikhomishini ezininzi ezinamalungu ahlukeneyo zinganceda ekukhetheni abatsha abafanelekeleyo ababo bazinikele ekugwetyweni ngokungakhethi buso. Ukubonakala kokungacaci nokwazi ukuva kwabantu ngokubanzi kuvumela ukuhlolisiswa. Amazwe amaninzi aye aguqula iinkqubo zawo zokumisela ukunciphisa impembelelo e-Rhulumente, nangona kungekho nkqubo egqibeleleyo. Isitshixo kukulungelelanisa umngeni wedemokhrasi nemfuneko yokuthintela ukubanjwa kwawo naliphi na isebe elinye.

Imfundo Yogwebo Nobuchule

Ukuqeqesha abagwebi ukuba baqonde ukubaluleka kokuzimela geqe nehambo entle kubalulekile. Izikolo ezininzi ezigwebayo zinika imfundo eqhubekayo ngemigaqo engokwasemthethweni, amalungelo abantu, kunye nokwenza izigqibo ngokungakhethi buso. Inkcubeko eqinileyo idimanisa abagwebi ekufuneni ukukholisa ngaphandle kwaye iqinise uxanduva lwabo lokulawula ngokusekelwe kumthetho kuphela. Uhlolo loontanga kunye nokucebisana kwakhona kunganceda abagwebi abatsha balawule iingcinezelo zezobupolitika. Ngaphezu koko, amaqumrhu namaqumrhu ejaji asoloko ekhuthaza ekuzimeleni inkululeko yangaphandle kwaye asebenza njengamazwi adibaniselwana.

Ukubonelela Ngoluntu Nokubandakanyeka

Abemi abaqhelekileyo banendima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni iinkundla. Xa uluntu luqonda indlela iinkundla ezizimeleyo eziwakhusela ngayo amalungelo abo, basengozini yokuxhathisa imigudu yokuwanyazamisa. Imibutho yabemi basekuhlaleni ingazilawula iziqumlisi zomthetho, inike ingxelo yezisongelo, ithumele inkxaso. Imfundo yezomthetho ezilungiselelwe abantu abachophele kwiinkundla kunye nokuhlasela abantu. Inkcitho kawonke-wonke (*) ngokubhenela kwimibhiyo, ukucela izibongozo, kunye neziphumo zokukhetha. Kumazwe amaninzi, ukuqhankca-za kuye kwawa ngokuphumelelayo imigudu yokuthomalalisa ukuzilawula. Imfundo ngomthetho ezikolweni nakumazwe amaninzi inceda ukuba kuqinise inkqulo ebaluleke kwimicimbi ebalulekileyo kunokuba imiqobo yezopoliti.

Isiphelo: Inkululeko Yimbopheleleko Engasoze Iphele

Iinkundla ezizimeleyo azingobunewunewu kwidemokhrasi; ziyindlela yokwenza umsebenzi wedemokhrasi. Zinyanzelisa umgaqo-siseko, zikhusela amalungelo, ziqinisekisa iimvavanyo ezifanelekileyo, zigcine igunya linetyala. Kodwa ukuzimela akukhuselekanga ngokusisigxina. Kufuneka kukhuselwe nxamnye namabhongo ezobupolitika, ukuswela iimali, uloyiko, kunye nokunganyaniseki. Impilo yedemokhrasi isoloko ilinganiswa ngurhulumente wephondo layo. Xa iinkundla zomelele kwaye zizimele, kulawula okusesikweni. Xa zibuthathaka, ucango luvule kwigunya nengcinezelo. Bonke abami abawamkela inkululeko nokulingana banomnqamlezo-mgatha ekukhuseleni ukuzimela kweenkundla. Umsebenzi oqhubekayo, kodwa uluntu olulawulayo, olungekho mithetho elungeleni.