Ukwazisa

Ukusetyenziswa okuxhaphakileyo kweekhamera ze-odoli (BWC) ezisetyenziswa ngamagosa agunyazisa umthetho kulo lonke elaseUnited States kumela elinye lamacebo abalulekileyo okubonisa ubungqina obucacileyo, nokwakha ukholose ngoluntu. La macebo, amancinane ngokwaneleyo ukumisa kwiyunifomu yegosa, alungiselelwe ukunikezela ngengxelo ecacileyo ecacileyo yemithetho yamapolisa-vilian. Xa esetyenziswa ngokunempumelelo, iBWC ingazinqanda imilinganiselo engalunganga, igcine ubungqina obuthile, iphinde yandise ukuthembeka kwabantu. Noko ke, isithembiso sekhamera yomzimba sixhomekeke kakhulu kwimithetho esemthethweni elawula ukusetyenziswa kwayo. Akukho mthetho omnye olawula imigaqo yecamelo yequmrhulu, endaweni yoko, imo nganye iye yamisela imithetho yayo, isenza umsebenzi wemithetho eyahlukeneyo kwii-odanti, i-odolo, kunye nokuqinisekisa imigaqo-ogracle.

I-Evolution yoMthetho wekhamera yomzimba

Emva kweziganeko eziphezulu zokusetyenziswa kwamapolisa kumandla ekuqaleni kweminyaka yowama-2010, iikhamera zomzimba zafumana isisombululo sokuphucula ukuphendula. Urhulumente worhulumente wanika izibonelelo ngeenkqubo ezifana noMsebenzi-Worn Camera Policy kunye ne-Iuption Program, kodwa ukwenziwa kwemithetho kwashiywa kumazwe. Ngenxa yoko, imigaqo yowiso-mthetho yaqalisa ukudlulisela imithetho ethetha yonke into esuka kwimali ukuya kumalungelo obuqu. Namhlanje, phantse wonke urhulumente unohlobo oluthile lomthetho wekhamera, kodwa ubunzulu bomgaqo womzimba buyehluka kakhulu. Amanye amazwe, njengoKhalifoniya ne-Illino, anemimiselo eyandileyo, ngoxa amanye exhomekeke kwimigaqo yesebe okanye kwimigaqo yokuzithandela.

Imilinganiselo Engundoqo Esemthethweni Ithethwa yiMithetho kaRhulumente

Imithetho yesizwe ekwikhamera yesiqu senqanawe iwela kwiindidi ezininzi ezibanzi: izigunyaziso ezisebenzayo, ukugcina ugcino-lwazi nokhuseleko, ukufikelela koluntu ekunyanzelweni, kunye nocwangciso lokungaphoti. Icandelo ngalinye linomqathango onzulu wendlela iikhamera ezisebenza ngayo kakuhle ngayo umsebenzi wazo wokuphendula. Ukuqonda le milinganiso kubalulekile ekuhloleni ukusebenza kwayo nayiphi na indlela karhulumente.

Ukwenza Ikhamera Ibe Yindawo: Ngubani Ogqibayo Xa Kubhalwa Ikhamera?

Enye yezona zigalelo zibalulekileyo zomthetho wekhamera yomzimba yimfuneko yokusebenza okunyanzelekileyo. Inkoliso yemiqathango igunyazisa ukuba abaphathi basebenze iikhamera zabo ngexesha loqhagamshelwano oluthile, kuquka ukumisa kwendlela, aphengululi, ukumisa, ukuvaleka, nokusetyenziswa kweziganeko zonyanzelo. Noko ke, uMtyholi usenkcukacha. Amanye amaphondo, njenga North Carolina, ifuna ukuba isebenze ngexesha lomthetho onokuthi ukhokelele ekubanjweni, ngelinye ixesha, njenge Nevada, uvumela abaphathi benqanawa bafumane imvume kwiimeko ezithile ezisezantsi.

Ezikhethekileyo kunye noMphathi-mikhosi

Imithetho yezomthetho isoloko ichaza izinto ezinokukwenza buthathaka ukuphendula. Ngokuqhelekileyo iquka iziganeko apho ixhoba licela ukuzenzela ityala, xa igosa likwindawo echukumisekayo (njengesibhedlele okanye igumbi lokutshixa), okanye xa ingqina lijongene nempindezelo enokwenzeka. Ngoxa ezi migaqo yezobuqu ibalulekile, zisenokusetyenziswa kakubi. Kwezinye iindawo, abaphathi bayakwazi ukuvala iikhamera zabo ngexesha lodliwano-ndlebe okanye emva kokukrokrethwa, okunga kusekugqibeleni, okungakhokelela ekudibaniseni erekhodini. Umzekelo, [[FLT: 0] Origon umthetho wezo zomthetho obalulekileyo ufuna ukuba kubhalwe ngokuqhubekayo kooqhagamshelwano lwezigeverselse kodwa kuvunyelwe ukukhusela i-ofele kuphela. Amandla okusebenza okusisigxina okunga:

Isalathisi somsebenzi

Iziphumo ezikwafanayo zokusilela ukuyenza isebenze ikhamera yomzimba. Amanye amaphondo akanaso isohlwayo sokungahambelani nemigaqo yesebe lamapolisa. Amanye, njengoColorado, aye amisela imithetho eyenza ukuba ibe sisohlwayo soluleko, kunye nomgangatho (okanye ukunqongophala kwaso) unakho ukusetyenziswa kwiziphumo ezisemthethweni. Uhlolisiso lwama-2022 olupapashwa kwi- uphando lwe-Criminology & Public Policy[[ lufumene ukuba amasebe anemiqathango acacileyo ezinto ezingeyo eziziphene 15% ezihlazisweyo ekusetyenzisweni kwezehlolo-kufola-kusebenza okuziiiindawo ezikhoyo. Ngaphandle komthetho ozigunyaziso olunentsingiselo, ukusebenza kwemithetho esemthethweni angabi nazizo.

Ugcino-lwazi nolawulo: Ucelomngeni Olufihlakeleyo

Ukwenza iiyure zevidiyo ephezulu ephuma kumphathi-mikhosi omnye ogadayo udala iimfuno ezinkulu zogcino-lwazi. Igosa elinye lingavelisa ii-terabytes ezimbini zogcino-lwazi ngonyaka. Imithetho yelizwe kufuneka ithethe ukuba ngubani onoxanduva lokugcina le data, indlela ekhuselwe ngayo, kwaye oyifumanayo. Amazwe amaninzi afuna abameli bomthetho ukugcina isantya kwiiseva ezikhuselekileyo, ngokufuthi ngemithetho ecacileyo yokungena kwizitili kunye netsheyina lokugcina intolongo. Amanye amagama, afana , achaza ukuba inyawo lubungqina kwaye kufuneka anyangwe ngolo hlobo, ngemithetho engqongqo yokunqanda ukungenelela i-pal.

Amaxabiso Nezixhobisa-godlo

Ixabiso lokugcinwa kwamafu, iiseva, kunye ne-software ingaba ngumthwalo obalulekileyo kumasebe amapolisa amancinci. Imithetho emininzi karhulumente ayiwuxhasi ngokwaneleyo umzi wogcino-lwazi ofunekayo ukuze ihambisane neemfuno zogcino-lwazi. Oku kungakhokelela kumasebe okucima isantya kwangoko ukugcina imali, okanye ukungaphumeleli ukuzalisekisa imilinganiselo efanelekileyo yokhuseleko. Umzekelo, ingxelo yama-2023 evela kuphando lwamapolisa aphethe iForum yaphawula ukuba amasebe akwimimandla engagunyaziswanga zisoloko zigcina unyawo lwexesha elifutshane elisemthethweni, mhlawumbi aphulukana nobungqina obubalulekileyo ngaphambi kokuba uphengululo luvalwe.

Ukufumaneka koluntu kwikhamera yomzimba: Umthetho wokulinganisa

Mhlawumbi akukho lungu lomthetho wekhamera yequmrhu elivelisa impikiswano eninzi kunokufikelela koluntu. Kwesinye isandla, abaxhasi bokubonakala kwelinye icala baphikisa ngelithi ukubekwa kweliso kufuneka kufumaneke lula kuluntu ukuba kuphendulwe ngamapolisa. Kwelinye icala, amaxhala obuqu kumaxhoba, ababukeli, kwanabaphathi-mikhosi bafuna imiqathango. Imithetho yorhulumente iyahluka kakhulu kwindlela abalubetha ngayo olu lungelelwano. Amanye amaphondo, njengaye [[FLT: 0] Pennsylniania [, aphathe ikhamera yenyawo njengengxelo kawonke wonke phantsi komthetho welizwe, elawulwa zizinto ezithile ezithatyathwayo. Abanye, njengaseFlorida, i-acege njengemficase, efikeleleka kumbandela wokushicilela okanye ukusetyenziswa kwenkundla.

Vula iiRekhodi vs. Izikhuseli zemfihlo

Uxinzelelo phakathi kweerekhodi ezivulekileyo kunye nemfihlo lukhokelela kulwahluko lwemigaqo. [[FLT:] North Carolina, inyawo zidla ngokuthathwa njengengxelo kawonke-wonke, kodwa azikhululwa de emva kokuba uphando lugqityiwe. I-Illinois[, umthetho ukhulula unyawo ukusuka kwintelekelelo ukuba ibonisa ukuba ngabancinane, amaxhoba ogonyamelo lwasekhaya, okanye abantu ababandezelekileyo. Umthetho weKhalifonia uphakathi kwezona zilungileyo: uqikelelo olungenaluvo lwawonke kwaye uvumela ukuba ukhululwe ngaphandle kolwamkelo olubomvu. Ngokungafaniyo, amanye amaphondo, avumela nabani na umntu oshukuma isicelo sokushicilela, anzima, akhuphelwayo, awenza ngokungena nxaxheba kwiziganeko ezithekweni zikawonke-wonke-wonke-wonke-wonke.

Impembelelo Yokuthembeka

Imigaqo ekhawulezileyo inceda ekuthinteleni ukuboyikisa nokukhusela ingqibelelo yophando oluqhubekayo, kodwa ikwanokuphelisa ukuthembana kwabantu ukuba iinyanga zidlula ngaphandle kokutyhilwa. Umzekelo, emva kokubulawa kukaDaunte Wright eMinnesota (ilizwe elineenkqubo ezivunyiweyo ezivulekileyo), ukunyathelana kwakhululwa kwisithuba seeyure ezingama-48, ezanceda ukulawula isiphithiphithi-phithi-phithi-phithi-phithi-phithi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukulibazisa ukukhululwa kweminye imimandla kuye kwanegalelo ekuvunyweni nasekucingeni. Umlinganiselo wasekunene ngucelomngeni oluqhubeka norhulumente ngamnye ezama ukulwa.

Ixesha Lokukhumbula: Unyawo Lwandinyelwe Kangakanani?

Imithetho yezombuso imisela ubude obuncinci bexesha lokurekhodiwa kwekhamera yequmrhu kufuneka ligcinwe. La maxesha okuzigcina abalulekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukunyathela kukhona ukwenzela iziphumo zomthetho, ukuhlola ngaphakathi, kunye nemibuzo kawonke-wonke. Amaxesha okuzigcina aqhelekileyo asuka kwientsuku ezingama-30 ukuya kwi-180, anamathuba amade agunyaziswe ukusetyenziswa kwesantya esibandakanya iziganeko zesantya, ukubanjwa, okanye izikhalazo. Umzekelo, uMaryland [[FLT: 1]] [[FLT]] ifuna ukuba ityala ubuncinane iintsuku ezingama-90, ngelixa lokusebenzisa isantya sonyawo kufuneka kugcinwe ubuncinane iminyaka emithathu. [[FLT] [[FLT]] iziqinisekiso ezigcinwe ngeentsuku ezingama-90, kodwa kufuneka zigcinwe ngokunxulumene nophando oluqhelekileyo, kodwa kufuneka zigcinwe kuxa lokugcinwa kumzekelo olwaphulo-ok'uhlu.

Intshukumo

Amanye amaphondo anamalungiselelo okususa okuzenzekelayo ngaphandle kokuba inyawo liphawulwe ukwenzela iinjongo ezicacileyo okanye zolawulo. Le ingaba yingxaki ukuba isiganeko asixelwanga ngoko nangoko. Umzekelo, ukuba ummi ufakela isikhalazo emva kweenyanga ezintathu emva konxibelelwano, inyathelo lisenokuba sele lisusiwe. Amazwe ambalwa, afana I-Shylington[, ifuna ukuba amaziko agcine zonke iinyawo ngexesha elincinci aze afumane ulandelelaniso lwenkundla phambi kwamaxesha okuzinza kwakhona. Utyelelo oluya kufutshane luqhutyelwa ngokukhawuleza, luqhutywa ngenxenye kukufunyaniswa kokuba izikhalazo zivele iinyanga okanye kwanasemva kweminyaka kamva.

Imigangatho yokuzinza kukarhulumente

Akukho mgangatho mnye wemithetho-siseko karhulumente, kodwa unika iinkqubo ezivela kwiSebe leJaji lifuna abo banikwe imvume yokugcina isantya esincinci seentsuku ezili-180. Amanye amazwe amkele oku njengomgca wawo osisiseko. Uphando lweSigqeba solawulo sombuso i-Fum luncomela ubuncinane unyaka omnye [ ukwenzela ubuninzi bonyawo, kwaye ixesha elide kwiziganeko ezinzima. Amazwe amkela imilinganiselo yebhaptizo ezingqongqo kakhulu ngokubanzisa ityala elibanzi kuba ubungqina buhlala bukho ixesha elide.

Isenzo Sokuphendula: Indlela Ikhamera Yomzimba Etshintsha Ngayo Ukuziphatha Kwamapolisa

Uphando olusebenzayo lwekhamera yomzimba ekuphuculeni ukuphendulana kwamapolisa luvelise iziphumo ezidibeneyo, kodwa umlinganiselo uyavela: iikhamera zodwa akwanele; imithetho elawula usetyenziso lwazo kakhulu. Uphando lwe-meta-asydisensing lufunyenwe ukuba i-BWCs inciphisa ukusebenzisa-iziphumo ze-injini ngama-30% ukuya kuma-50% xa ikhatshwa yimigaqo ecacileyo efuna ukuba isebenze. Noko ke, xa abaphathi-majoni benengqiqo kakhulu, isiphumo esincipha kakhulu. Ufundo lwamashumi amabini anetho lwe-CUTB lunciphisa iziganeko ze-Crimmust. I-JOOOLTy yeNstrigieology[FLT] ] xa ikhankanywe kwimiqatha lemithetho (umz., akukho zibonelelo-onqanda-mstero-m)

Isifundo Setyala: ICamden, eNew Jersey

Camden, New Jersey, wasungula inkqubo yokuthatha ikhamera ebanzi esetyenziswa ngumzimba enyanzelekileyo, enolawulo olunamandla, kunye nengxelo kawonke-wonke. Esi sixeko sabona ukuhla kwama- 58% kwizikhalazo zamapolisa kwiminyaka emithathu. Umthetho karhulumente waseNew Jersey, ofuna ukusebenza ngexesha lokunyanzeliswa komthetho kunye nokuthintela amagosa ekujongeni ukuphakama kwenyawo phambi kokubhala iingxelo (ukuthintela ikhethe), kucatshulwe njengomzekelo. Umthetho ukwayalela ukuba amaziko akhulule isantya seziganeko ezimanqamlezileyo ngeentsuku ezingama-20. Lo mxuba wemithetho ecacileyo nokubonakala ngokucacileyo kubonakala usebenza.

Isifundo Setyala: ISan Diego, eKhalifoniya

Umthetho wekhamera yomzimba waseKhalifoniya, odluliswe ngowama-2021 (AB 748), uyalela ukuba isantya sokusetyenziswa kweziganeko zomkhosi sikhululwe kwientsuku ezingama-45 ngaphandle kokuba iphazamisane nophando. Kukwafuneka ukuba abameli babe nemigaqo esebenzayo kunye nogcino-lwazi. iSan Diego, esele inenkqubo eyomeleleyo, yabona unciphiso olungakumbi ekusetyenzisweni kwezikhalazo ze-odors emva kokuba umthetho karhulumente usebenze. Noko ke, abagxeki baphawula ukuba iwindow yemini ezingama-45 ayisoloko yanele ukuveza ukukhanya okupheleleyo, kwaye eminye iminyango iye yasebenzisa uphando lwesizathu sokulibazisa ixesha elide.

Ucelomngeni Nokugxekwa Okuqhubekayo

Ngaphandle kwenkqubela, iingxaki ezibalulekileyo zisele. Inkxalabo ye-Privtacy [ yeyona iqhelekileyo ukugxekwa. Iikhamera zomzimba zithetha kungekuphela nje ukuziphatha okubi kwamapolisa kodwa kwanabantu abasengozini emakhayeni abo, amaxhoba okuhlaselwa ngokwesini, nabantu abanobunzima bengqondo. Imithetho karhulumente iyahluka kwindlela abakhusela ngayo aba balawulwa. Amanye amazwe, njengoVermont, afuna ukuba zonke iirekhodi ziphinde zibhalwe phambi kokuba zikhululwe, ezibiza imali eninzi kunye nexesha. Abanye baxhomekeke nje kwilungelo lesebe lamapolisa, elinokukhokelela ekukhuseleni.

Umthwalo Onzima Kumaziko Amancinane

Indleko yeekhamera zomzimba `i-hardware, indawo yokugcina izinto, kunye nabasebenzi abalawula ugcino-lwazi(-----odonga. Amanye amazwe anika abameli abancinane imali, kodwa inkxaso yemali isoloko inganele. Ngenxa yoko, amasebe amaninzi amancinane asenokungasebenzisi iikhamera zomzimba okanye azizalisekisi ngaphandle kwemigaqo efanelekileyo. Oku kungenza inkqubo edityanisiweyo apho uxanduva lwetyala lunamandla kwimibutho etyebileyo, kwizixeko nakweyona ibuthathaka kakhulu kummandla wasemaphandleni.

Imithetho Etshintshatshintshayo ngaphaya Kwemigwebo

Kwanakulo rhulumente mnye, kusenokubakho umahluko ekuphunyezweni. Kumaphondo avumela ulawulo lwasekuhlaleni, izityebi zisenokusebenzisa imithetho engqongqo kuneyobuhlwempu. Oku kutshintsha-tshintsha kwenza kube nzima kubemi ukwazi amalungelo abanawo ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa kwekhamera yomzimba. Iingcali zomthetho ziphikisa ngelithi imilinganiselo yomgangatho ophantsi karhulumente inokuba luncedo, kodwa oko kubonakala kungenakwenzeka kwimeko yezopolitiko yangoku.

Ubuchule obungaphelelanga kunye nempazamo yomntu

Iikhamera zomzimba zingangasebenzi kakuhle, iibhethri zingafa, kwaye abaphathi bangalibala ukuzinika amandla. Ingxelo ye-Ofisi yoMasipala kaRhulumente wase-U.U.U.2020 yafumanisa ukuba i-19% yabameli abavavanyiweyo baxele ukungaphumeleli kwenkqubo okanye ukurekhodilwa okungaphelelanga. Imithetho karhulumente inqabile ukuthetha ukungaphumeleli kobugcisa, iyishiyele kwiinkundla ukugqiba enoba ukulahleka kwenyawo kumele kukhokelela ekugxothweni kwezityholo okanye kwimiqathango. Ngaphandle kolwalathiso olucacileyo, abagwebi banengqiqo ebanzi, nto leyo ekhokelela kwiziphumo eziguquguqukayo.

Isiphelo

Imithetho yezobugcisa iyakwazi ukusetyenziswa, iziphumo ezicacileyo, imigaqo ecacileyo, imigaqo ecacileyo, imigaqo ecacileyo, imigaqo ecacileyo, imigaqo ecwangcisiweyo yamapolisa. Imigaqo yokusebenza kwamapolisa, ithetha ukuba iikhamera zigcinwa, indlela yokuhamba, umntu angakwazi ukufikelela kuyo, umntu okwaziyo ukuyifikelela, okwaziyo ukuyifikelela. Kodwa, ukusetyenziswa kwemithetho encinane kubangela ukuba amapolisa aphephe ukuxilonga nalapho abemi benokuchanabeka khona imigaqo ekhuselekileyo. Njengoko ubugcisa obunamandla nokuzilindelela uluntu buqhubeka bunyuka, abagwebi kufuneka baphinde balungele le mithetho, ukuze balungele ukutshintsha imingeni entsha.