Ucoceko loluntu lusisiseko sempilo yoluntu, ukulondolozwa kwemekobume, neqhayiya loluntu. Ngoxa imigudu yabantu ngabanye isenza umahluko, eyona nkqubela ihlala ihleli nelungeleleneyo ivela kwimithetho yasekuhlaleni esungulwe kakuhle. Iikhowudi zikaMasipala, imigaqo yezomthetho, kunye nemithetho yempilo imisela isiseko solwakhiwo loko kwamkelekileyo, isenza isiseko esinika amandla abemi, amashishini, noorhulumente basekuhlaleni ukuba basebenze kunye. Eli nqaku lilungiselela ukuvavanyaniswa kwemi yemi yasekuhlaleni. Xa abahlali beqonda injongo kunye nemithetho yococelo, baxhotyiswe kakuhle ekuphuculweni, ekuqhubeni inxaxheba, ekuqhubeni inxaxheba, ekuqhubeni inxaxheba, nasekuncediseni kwemibutho, kwimibutho yezonyango, kunye negalelo olungakumbi.

Ukubaluleka Kwemithetho Yasekuhlaleni

Imimiselo yolawulo yasekuhlaleni yimithetho kunye nemithetho yolawulo emiselwe ngurhulumente wephondo okanye worhulumente ukucombulula iimeko ezahlukeneyo zolawulo lwabo. Ngokungafaniyo nemimiselo ebanzi yorhulumente okanye yorhulumente, imimiselo yasekuhlaleni ilungelelaniswa nemeko-bume ethile, uxinzelele lwabemi, inkangeleko yezoqoqosho, kunye nezithethe zenkcubeko zoluntu. Oku kuzenza zibe luncedo kangaka. Xa zenziwe kancinane, oko kuyadimanisa. Ukubaluleka kwemimiselo yasekuhlaleni kucoceko lwasekuhlaleni kungaqondwa ngee-lens eziliqela ezidityanisiweyo.

Ukhuseleko Lwempilo Yoluntu

Ukulahlwa kwenkunkuma okungafanelekanga kunye neemeko ezingacocekanga kwenza iindawo zokuzalela iimpuku, izinambuzane, kunye nezifo ezibangelwa yintsholongwane. Izifo ezinjengeleptospirosis, i-dengue fever, kunye nezifo zesisu esimathumbu zidityaniswe ngqo nolawulo olungelulo olufanelekileyo. Imithetho yendawo iyalela ukuba kuqokelelwe inkunkuma rhoqo, kumiselwe imilinganiselo yokulahlwa kwenkunkuma, kwaye ifuna ukuba abemi bempahla yokuphelisa amanzi kunye nezityalo ezimanyeneyo. Ngokudibanisa le misebenzi, oomatshini boomasipala benza imbopheleleko esemthethweni ekhusela bonke abantu, hayi abantu abanoxakekelekileyo. Intlangano yezonyango yehlabathi yempilo ibhale ingxelo yokuba abantu abahlala kunye nemithetho yokhuseleko olunzulu lwezobugcinezelo.

Isibheno sobuhle nexabiso lezoqoqosho

Uluntu olucocekileyo lutsala iindwendwe, amashishini, kunye nabemi. Amaxabiso ezinto anxulumene ngqo nokugcinwa kobume bengingqi. Uhlolisiso olwenziwa yiNational Association of Realtors lufumanise ukuba amakhaya akwimimandla ehlala abantu abaneziko elikhutheleyo elinenkqubo zokucoca ayalela ukunyuka kwexabiso le-5 ukuya kwi-10 pesenti yemiqathango yemali. Imimiselo yendawo ethetha ngenkunkuma, ii-comking, kunye nepropati yempahla ithumela uphawu olucacileyo lokuba uluntu lukhathalele ukumila kwalo. Oku, ngokulandelayo, kukhuthaza umjikelezo olungileyo: amaxabiso empahla aphezulu avelisa ingeniso yerhafuthe, apho oomatshini banokuyibuyisela kwizithuba zikawonke wonke, iipaki, kunye nezikhundla zobundlo zobugrashici.

Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo

Imithetho yendawo yenza indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni ungcoliso kunye nokulondoloza ubuncwane bendalo. I-ordinance ezifuna ukuphinda zisetyenziswe, zonqanda ukulahlwa okungekho mthethweni, kunye nokulawula inkunkuma eyingozi igcina izinto ezingcolisa umhlaba kunye nemijelo yeenqanawa. Ingingqi enemiqathango eqinileyo ibona umgangatho osezantsi wongcoliso lwemicroplastics kunye nomthwalo wokuhlisa umhlaba. U.S.Arhente yeNkukhusela-bume bemeko-bume bendalo [ igxininisa ukuba isenzo sasekuhlaleni siyindlela esebenzayo yokulwa nomonakalo waselwandle, njengoko umgqomo omninzi wolwandle uvela kwimithombo esekelwe emhlabeni kwimidabi.

Ukumanyana Kwentlalo Nekratshi

Imithetho ayisososososososo nje; ikwasikodwa. Xa uluntu lugqithisa umthetho ongcolisayo okanye lumisela umgangatho wokugcina isithuba sikawonke-wonke, yenza ingxelo edibeneyo malunga namaxabiso ahlukeneyo. Abemi ababona ukuba urhulumente wabo uluthatha nzulu ucoceko banokuthatha imbopheleleko yobuqu. Oku kuqonda ukuba umntu omnye uyakwazi ukuthoba izinto, kwandisa inxaxheba kubomi bukawonke-wonke, kwaye komeleza amaqhina asekuhlaleni. Ngokuchasene noko, abantu abangenayo imimiselo ecacileyo okanye abasinyanzeli ukuba basoloko beva iziphumo ezithiyo ezibonisa ukuba ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo kubangela ukuba bangaziphathi.

Imithetho engundoqo echaphazela uluntu

Imithetho yendawo echaphazela ucoceko lwendidi eziliqela, nganye ijolise kumthombo othile okanye kuhlobo oluthile lwentsebenziswano. Ukuqonda ezi ntlobo kunceda abahlali baphawule ukuba yiyiphi imithetho esebenzayo kwimpahla nakwimisebenzi yabo, nendlela abanokuxhasa ngayo imigaqo engqongqo okanye esengqiqweni.

Isalathisi soMsebenzi weNkqubo

Imimiselo yolawulo lwenkunkuma yenze isiseko semigudu yococeko yasekuhlaleni. Ichaza indlela inkunkuma emele iqokelelwe, ilungiswe, igcinwe, kwaye ilahlwa ngayo. Ulungiselelo lohlobo luquka:

  • Uludwe lokhetho: imihla nexesha elikhethiweyo lomgqomo, lokuphinda uphinde usetyenziswe, kunye neyadi yetreyi elahlwayo, kunye nesohlwayo seseti ecwangcisiweyo yangethuba okanye yamva.
  • Imigangatho ye- Imilinganiselo yekontare:[ Iimfuno zokugquma imida yobunzima, kunye nokubeka (umz., hayi ukuvala indlela okanye izitrato).
  • Izinto ezithenjiweyo: ibhetri, ielektroniki, iipeyinti nezinye izinto eziyingozi zisoloko zivalwa kumgqomo oqhelekileyo kwaye kufuneka zithathiwe kwizixhobo ezikhethekileyo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imithetho yenkunkuma esetyenziswayo: Iiprojekthi zokulahla izinto ezinkulu ezinjengefanitshala, izixhobo, kunye namatrasi, eziqhelekile kwimithombo yokulahla okungekho mthethweni ukuba azinakukwazi ukumelana kakuhle.

Imithetho yolawulo lwenkunkuma ecwangcisiweyo inciphisa ivumba, izinambuzane, kunye nongquzulwano lokubona. Ikwaphucula iqondo lokuphinda kusetyenziswe kwakhona kwaye inciphisa ixabiso lokulahlwa kwenkunkuma yalo lonke uluntu.

Imithetho Egqwethayo

Imithetho yokuthetha iphakathi kweyona mithetho icacileyo kodwa ebalulekileyo yasekuhlaleni. Imisela ukuba ukulahla inkunkuma, iimbotyi zecuba, okanye ezinye izinto kwimpahla kawonke-wonke okanye yabucala ngaphandle kwemvume akuvumelekanga. Isiseko esingundoqo siquka:

  • [[UMTL:0] Izigwebo nezohlwayo:[ Oomasipala abaninzi bakhupha iimali ezinyuswayo kubaphuli-mthetho abaphindayo, maxa wambi bedityaniswe neemfuno zenkonzo yoluntu ezifana nokuchonga inkunkuma.
  • Iphepha lokugquma: imigaqo ehambayo iquka izitrato, iindlela ezihambayo, iipaki, iindlela zamanzi, kunye nezithuthi. Eminye imithetho igubungela ukulahlwa ngengozi ziinqwelo-mafutha, nto leyo enegalelo elikhulu kumgqomo woohola bendlela.
  • Ukulahlwa kwesixhobo sempumlo seCugarette: Ngenxa yokuba iintwana zemidiza zeyona nto iqheleke kakhulu elahlwayo emhlabeni wonke, izixeko ezininzi ziye zamisela imiqathango engqalileyo yokuzilahla, ngokufuthi zikhatshwa zimfuno zomlo wesityalo somlilo kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke.

Uphando olusuka Ukugcina iMelika intle lubonisa ukuba ukugcinwa kwemithetho ebonakalayo yokulahla inkunkuma kunciphisa inkunkuma ngama-60 ekhulwini kwiindawo ekujoliswe kuzo. Xa abemi bebona ukuba intlawulo ikhutshwa ngokwenene, ukuthobela kuyakhula ngokuphawulekayo.

Ikhowudi yogcino lophawu

Imithetho yokulondolozwa kwempahla, maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba yikhowudi yezindlu okanye yokwakha, ifuna ukuba abanini-zakhiwo bagcine izakhiwo zabo zikhuselekile, zicocekile yaye zifanelekile.

  • Isikhuni esisikhuseli kunye nezityalo: ubuninzi bomda wobude bomthi nokhula, kunye neemfuno zokulungelelanisa amatyholo avingco indlela okanye ukubonakala.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imiphandle ye-Extrior: Imithetho malunga nepeyinti ecwecwayo, iifestile ezophukileyo, kunye nokuwohloka kwehedi enokuthi ikhokelele kwizinto ezihlaselayo kunye neengozi zesakhiwo.
  • [[UMTL:0] Umgqomo nokungcola: Izabelo ezichasene nokuqokelela inkunkuma, isinyithi esishiywe phantsi, izithuthi ezishiywe phantsi, okanye izinto zokwakha kwizinto zokuhlala.
  • Ukuhamba ngenqanawa nokuhamba ngendlela ephezulu: Iimfuno zokususa ikhephu, umkhenkce, kunye nokungcola ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sexesha elichaziweyo.

Ikhowudi yokugcina ipropati ibalulekile ekuthinteleni ungquzulwano. Impahla enye etyesheliweyo ingacinezela amaxabiso asekhaya engqonge ingakumbi icele ukutyeshelwa okungakumbi. Oomasipala abaninzi basebenzisa inkqubo yokukhalaza, kodwa iinkqubo zohlolo kwimimandla ephezulu ye-risk zingqine ziphumelela ekufumaneni iingxaki ngaphambi kokuba zikhule.

Iinkqubo Zokudibanisa Nokuquqela

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni bayaqhubeka bemisela ukuphinda kusetyenziswe komthetho wokukhupha nokukhupha ikhowudi. Le mithetho idlulela ngaphaya kokunikela iinkonzo zokuqokelela, kwaye ifuna ukuba nenxaxheba. Iimpawu ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • Ukwahlulwa koluntu: Abahlali kufuneka bakhethe ii-ecclecbles (iphepha, iplastiki, izinyithi, iglasi) kumgqomo, ngokufuthi phantsi kosongelo lwemali ehlawuliweyo okanye ukuqokelelwa.
  • [[FLT: 0] I-Organics ezizizo: Ezinye izithuba, ingakumbi kwiNtshona yonxweme yeUnited States, ngoku zifuna inkunkuma yokutya kunye nokulungelelaniswa kweyadi ukuze zifakwe endaweni yokuzaliswa komhlaba.
  • [[UMTL:0] Imfuno ezingundoqo: Amashishini avelisa imiqulu emikhulu yenkunkuma ephilayo okanye enokuphinda isetyenziswe ijongene nezibophelelo ezingqongqo kuneentsapho ezinekhaya elinye.

Iinkqubo zokuphinda kusetyenziswe i - minda zinyusa imilinganiselo ephawulekayo yokuzihlaziya. Ngokomzekelo, iSan Francisco, iphazamisa malunga nama - 80 ekhulwini enkunkuma yayo ekugqityweni komhlaba, ubuchule obuye bafunyanwa ngokuyintloko ngomthetho wasekuhlaleni onogonyamelo, njengoko kuxutyushwe kamva kwicandelo lezifundo.

Ukunyanzeliswa kwemithetho yasekuhlaleni

Kwaneyona mithetho ibhalwe kakuhle ayisebenzi ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukuba ikho. Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni basebenzisa izixhobo ezahlukahlukeneyo ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela, ukususela kwimfundo ukuya kwisohlwayo esinyukayo.

Uhlolo kunye nonyanzelo lomthetho

Abaphathi-mikhosi abanyanzelisayo bangumthetho ophambili womgaqo wococeko lwasekuhlaleni. Baqhuba uhlolo olusekelwe kukukhalaza kwempahla, izithuba zikawonke-wonke, kunye neziko lorhwebo. Ngexesha lohlolo, bakhangela ukwaphula umthetho okufana nokukhukulisela inkunkuma, ukulahla okungekho mthethweni, amaqashiso angalungiswanga, kunye nokugcinwa kwenkunkuma okungafanelekanga. Abaphathi-mikhosi bakhupha izilumkiso eziqhelekileyo ngexesha lokuqala okanye ukuphambanisa okuncinane, ezilandelwa ziingcangcazo kunye nentembelo yetyala elinzulu eliphinda-phindiweyo okanye elinzulu.

Ukusebenza kohlolo kuxhomekeke kakhulu kumgangatho wabasebenzi kunye noqeqesho. Amasebe okuqinisekisa ukuba kukho ikhowudi ephantsi asoloko emisela kuphela izikhalazo eziziimeko eziziimeko ezithe ngqo, ezishiya iingxaki ezincinane kodwa ezikhuthaziweyo zingahliswanga. Abanye oomasipala baye bamkela imodeli "yokungalingani", apho abaphathi-mikhosi bajolise kwimimandla enemigangatho ephezulu yokwaphula umthetho, ngelinye ixesha abanye basebenzisa imodeli equka ukukhukulisela rhoqo iipaseko zentengiso kunye nezakhiwo zezindlu zeentsapho ezininzi.

Imali Ehlawulwayo

Imali ye-moneta yesona sohlwayo siqhelekileyo sokuphulwa kococeko. Imali entle kufuneka ibe phezulu ngokwaneleyo ukunqanda ukungathobeli kodwa ingephezulu kangangokuba ibangele ubunzima obukhokelela kwingqumbo okanye ukuphepha. Imithetho emininzi isebenzisa isikali esiphumeleleyo:

  • [[Umthetho:0] Ityala lokuqala: Isilumkiso okanye intlawulo encinane (umz., ii-$25 zokuchitha inkunkuma).
  • [[UMTL:0] Ityala elihlanganisiweyo: Iphakathi lihle (umz., $100-$250).
  • Amacala alandelayo: Imali ehlawulwayo ephezulu (umz. $500 okanye ngaphezulu), edityaniswe ngenkonzo yoluntu okanye iinkqubo zemfundo ezinyanzelekileyo.

Ezinye iindawo zinyanzelisa iindleko zokucoca kwabaphula umthetho, zifuna ukuba bahlawule ukususwa kobuchule bezixhobo ezilahlwayo ngokungekho mthethweni. Le ndlela yokufihla ixabiso iqinisekisa ukuba uluntu aluwuthwali umthwalo wemali wokuziphatha okubi kwabantu kwaye lusebenza njengesithintelo esinamandla.

Iimodeli zonyanzeliso olusekelwe kuluntu

Oomasipala abaninzi abanolwaluko olusemthethweni olunxulumene nokusebenza kwentsebenziswano. Abahlali banganikela ingxelo yokwaphulwa kwee-appline ezishushu, ii-apples, okanye ii-intanethi. Amaqela ajongile asekuhlaleni maxa wambi andisa inkxalabo yococeko, ukuqukwa nokukhutshelwa kwemiba nokunyanzelwa kwemithetho. Imizekelo yokunyanzeliswa komsebenzi ikhuthaza ingqiqo yokuba nembopheleleko eyabelwe kunye kwaye isenokukwandisa ngokuphawulekayo ukufikelela kwee-ofisi zabasebenzi abasebenzi.

Ezinye izixeko zizame ukubuyisela ulungiso olusondeleyo. Kunokuhlawula intlawulo, kufuneka umbulali ongcolisayo acoce ipaki kawonke-wonke okanye abe nenxaxheba kumsebenzi wokucoca ingingqi. Le ndlela ithetha ngengcambu yengxaki, ukunqongophala konxibelelwano noluntu.

Ubuxhakaxhaka bobuxhakaxhaka

Ubugcisa bale mihla butshintsha indlela enyanzeliswa ngayo imithetho yasekuhlaleni. Ukusetyenziswa kwelayisense esetyenziswayo, iikhamera zokuhlola, kunye neenkqubo ezinika ingxelo ngejiyografi kunceda amagosa ukuba achaze abaphuli-mthetho abaphindaphindiweyo kunye neendawo ezineengxaki zomzila. Ngokomzekelo, ezinye izixeko zisebenzisa iikhamera ukubamba abalahlisi abangekho mthethweni besebenza, amaqondo aphawulekayo okunyanzelisa. Ugcino-lwazi olunobuchule bokwabalwa kwemibutho ekwabiwa kwiindawo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, okwenza ukuba ukunyanzeleka komthetho kusebenze kakuhle kwaye kuhambele phambili.

Ukubandakanyeka Kucoceko Loluntu

Imithetho ibeka umgangatho, hayi isilingi. Ukucoceka okuhlala kubandakanya ukubandakanyeka okungaphaya kokuthobela.

Ukuthabatha Inxaxheba Kwiziganeko Zokucoca

Iziganeko ezilungelelanisiweyo zokucoceka zezinye zeentlobo ezibonakalayo nezinempumelelo zokubandakanyeka koluntu. Enoba yindawo engqongileyo ecocekileyo, ukubuyiselwa komlambo, okanye "Ukucoca okukhulu kweMelika," ezi ziganeko zifumana iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo kwaye zakha ikomkhulu lentlalo-ntle. Abathathi-nxaxheba bafumana ulwazi oluphezulu ngeengxaki zococeko lwasekuhlaleni kwaye basoloko bephaphaphaphele ngakumbi ngokuxela ukuchaswa. Oovimba-mashishini bangaxhasa iziganeko ezicocekileyo ngokunikezela ngeegloves, iingxowa, ukulahla iinkonzo, kunye nokudityaniswa kwetyala. Iinqanawa ezisebenza kunye nemibutho yezentengiso yonqulo, nemibutho yoluntu yandisa ukuthabatha inxaxheba nokuqinisekisa uphatho oluthe rhoqo lwamatshalo lwamavolo.

Ukuxhasa Imithetho Enamandla

Abemi abayiqondayo indlela emi kakuhle ngayo imithetho yobulali abamiselwe ngayo ukuxhasa inkqubela. Oku kungathetha ukubhenela kumthetho omtsha ongcolisayo kummandla ongekhoyo, ukutyhalela intengo ephezulu kwizaphuli-mthetho eziphindaphindwayo, okanye ukucela imigqomo yoluntu eshicilelweyo kwimimandla ephezulu. Umthetho wokungafundi nto ungathatha iifomu ezininzi: ukuthetha kwintlanganiso zebhunga lesixeko, ukulungiselela ukuqhuba, okanye ukudibana namagosa asekuhlaleni. Xa abemi befika beyilungiselele ngogcino-data, ngezifundo, kunye nesicelo esicacileyo, basenokuba banokuphembelela inkqubo.

Ukufundisa Abanye

Ulwazi luyasulela. Abahlali abaxelelwe ngemithetho yasekuhlaleni bangafundisa abamelwane babo, abasebenza nabo, kunye namanxuwa onxibelelwano. Izenzo ezilula . Ukubeka imigaqo yokuphinda isetyenziswe kwesixeko kwibhodi yenkcazelo yoluntu, ukuchaza indlela efanelekileyo yokulahla inkunkuma enobungozi, okanye ukwabelana ngenani lokunyanzelisa ikhowudi yokunxibelelana. Ngokuthe ngqo unxibelelwano olusemthethweni lusoloko luthenjwa kwaye luphumelela ngakumbi kuneencwadana zikarhulumente.

Ukuthabatha inxaxheba kwiibhodi nakwiiKhomishini

Oomasipala abaninzi baneebhodi okanye iikhomishini ezigxininisa kumgangatho wemekobume, impilo kawonke-wonke, okanye ukuvuselelwa kwequmrhu. Ukusebenza kwibhodi enjalo kunika abahlali indima engqalileyo ekulungiseni imimiselo echaphazela ibutho labo. Amalungu ebhodi ahlola imithetho ecetyisiweyo, anike igalelo kwiinkqubo zokunyanzelisa, kwaye ancede ukubeka phambili umgangatho woluntu ococekileyo. Le yenye yezona ndlela zinegalelo elinomphumela ekuncediseni ukhokelo oluqhubekayo kwimigudu yococelo lwasekuhlaleni.

Uphando lwetyala lwemithetho yengingqi ephumeleleyo

Ukuhlolisisa imizekelo yehlabathi lokwenene kunika ubungqina obucacileyo bemisebenzi nesizathu. Uhlolisiso olulandelayo lubonisa indlela imithetho yasekuhlaleni elungiswe kakuhle, idibene nokudityaniswa kwebutho labantu, enokuphucula ngayo ucoceko.

Inkqubo yeZero yeSan Francisco

I-San Francisco ibeka usukelo olunephulo: ukuthumela ipetl inkunkuma ekuzaliseni umhlaba ngo-2020. Ngelixesha isixeko singekaliphumeleli ngokupheleleyo eli xhoba, siye senza inkqubela ephawulekayo, iphambukisa malunga nama-80 ekhulwini enkunkuma yaso ngokudibanisa imiyalelo yokuphinda isetyenziswe kwakhona kunye nemithetho yokukhupha amatyala.

  • Indlela yenqanawa yentsimbi emithathu: yonke impahla kufuneka ibe neebhini ezahlulweyo zomgqomo, iintsiba eziphinda-phindiweyo, kunye nezixhobo ezinokufakwa. Ukungaphumeleli ukuhlela ngokuchanekileyo iziphumo kwifreyithi okanye ukuqokelelwa okulaliweyo.
  • Ibhani kwiStyrofoam kunye neengxowa zeplastiki: Isixeko sinqanda ipolystyrene yokutya kunye neengxowa zeplastiki ezisetyenziswa kanye, ukuhlisa inkunkuma engasetyenziswayo emthonjeni.
  • Ukunyanzelisa ukugcinwa komthetho: amagosa omthetho aqhuba uhlolo rhoqo lweempawu zorhwebo nezakhiwo zeentsapho ezininzi, akhupha ucatshulwa olungahambelaniyo.

Le nkqubo ibonisa ukuba imithetho yasekuhlaleni enobundlobongela, exhaswa kukunyanzeliswa komthetho onamandla nezibonelelo, ingaguqula ukuziphatha ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Indlela kaSan Francisco ikhuthaze iinkqubo ezifanayo kwizixeko ezingaphaya kweUnited States nakwizizwe ngezizwe.

Inkqubo yeBhasket yesiXeko saseNew York

ISebe leSixeko saseNew York loNqulo lisebenza enye yeenkqubo ezinkulu zebhasikishi yenkunkuma ehlabathini, eneengobozi zikawonke-wonke ezingaphezu kwama-25 000 ezibekwe kwiibhotile ezintlanu. Le nkqubo ayiphawulwanga nje kuphela ngenxa yesikali sayo kodwa iphawuleka ngendlela elungele ukufika kwayo:

  • [[Ukubeka:0] Izixhobo ezisetyenziswa xa kusetyenziswa ibhasket: iindawo ezijoliswe kuzo zikhethwa ngokusekelwe kwizithuthi zabahamba ngenqwelo-moya, kubunzima bentengiso, kunye nogcino-lwazi lwembali oluqokelela inkunkuma.
  • [[UMTL:0] Ingqokelela epheleleyo: Ingobozi eziziitrake- eziphezulu zikhutshiwe kaninzi ngemini ngexesha lencopho, zithintele ukuphuphuma.
  • Igalelo loluvo: Abahlali bangacela iindawo ezintsha zengobozi kwinkqubo yesixeko engu 311, ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo iphendula kwiimfuno zokwenene.

Isiphumo siye saba kuncitshiswa kwenkunkuma yezitrato, ingakumbi kwimimandla yezorhwebo nakwizikhundla zokuthutha. Le nkqubo ikwanciphisa umthwalo kumashishini nakubemi, abanokuthi ngenye indlela baqokelele inkunkuma kwiindlela.

Ukujikeleza nokuququzelela iOridinance yeSeattle

Ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwe-Seattle ngokusemthethweni kunye nomthetho wokukhupha ikhowudi, owamiswa ngo-2009, ufuna bonke abemi namashishini ukuba baphinde basebenzise izinto ezikhethiweyo kunye nenkunkuma yokutya okulahlwayo. Ukungqubana kukhokelela kwintengo, kodwa isixeko sigxininisa imfundo kunye noncedo phambi kwesohlwayo. Iziphumo ezingundoqo ziquka:

  • Isantya sokujikeleza sinyuka: ukuphinda kusetyenziswe kwesixeko kunye nesantya sokuphinda kusetyenziswe i-composi sinyuke ngokuphawulekayo, nenkunkuma engaphezu kwama-60 ekhulwini ngoku iphambukisiwe kwizinto ezilahlwa emhlabeni.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ugcino lwemali olusezantsi: Imali yokuhlisa ifashoni yomhlaba ehlawulwayo igcine isixeko izigidi zeerandi ngonyaka, ukunceda ukuhlisa ixabiso lenkqubo.
  • Inzuzo ze-evenviron: ukuqokelela inkunkuma ephilayo inciphisa ukhupho-moya lwemethane kwifresh, igesi enamandla yegreenhouse.

Impumelelo kaSeattle ibonisa ukuba ukuba nenxaxheba ekunyanzelweni, xa kudityaniswe nemfundo efikelelekayo kunye nokunyanzeliswa komthetho okucacileyo, kungazuza ukwamkelwa ngokubanzi kwabantu ngoxa kufikelele usukelo lwemekobume nezoqoqosho.

Ucelomngeni Ekuthobeleni Imithetho Yasekuhlaleni

Nangona isenokuba yiyo, imigaqo yococeko yasekuhlaleni ijamelana nemiqobo ebalulekileyo.

Ukungabi Nalwazi

Abahlali abaninzi abazi ukuba yiyiphi imithetho efunwa ngabemi. Imigaqo yokulondolozwa kwakhona iyahluka kakhulu phakathi koomasipala, noko kwamkelekileyo kwesinye isixeko kungalahlwa kwesinye. Ukufakelwa kwemali entle, imigangatho yokugcina impahla, kunye neenkqubo zokulahlwa kwenkunkuma ezininzi kunqabile ukuba zibe ziphezulu kubemi abaxakekileyo. Lo msantsa wolwazi ukhokelela ekungagqibeli ngempazamo, okuphazamisa abaphathi bemithetho yokusebenza nokuphelisa ukusebenza kwemithetho. Amaphulo kawonke-wonke emfundo, izixhobo zogcino-lwazi, kunye nokungena rhoqo kwimibutho yoluntu kuyimfuneko ukuvala lo msantsa.

Oovimba abanelisayo

Oorhulumente basekuhlaleni, ingakumbi kuluntu oluncinane okanye olubandezelekileyo ngokwezoqoqosho, badla ngokungafumani nkxaso yaneleyo yokuqesha amagosa abanyanzelisi bekhowudi, izixhobo zokuthenga, okanye ukugcina intlawulo yenkunkuma. Xa ukunyanzeliswa komthetho kuyinto engaqhelekanga, ithoba ithoba isantya. Abahlali bafunda ngokukhawuleza ukuba imithetho ayisetyenziswa rhoqo, kwaye ukuphulwa komthetho kuyaqheleka. Lo mbutho ulucelomngeni olufuna izisombululo zokwakha, ezifana namaqumrhu agunya, iinkqubo zokuhlola ezisekelwe kwimisebenzi yobugcisa, kunye nenkqubela phambili yenkqubela phambili.

Ukuchasa Nemiqobo Yenkcubeko

Imimiselo emitsha maxa wambi idityaniswa nokuchaswa ngabahlali abayijonga njengengabaphangi bakarhulumente, abanzima, okanye njengezenkcubeko ezingafanelekanga. Umzekelo, ukukhutshwa komthetho okunyanzelekileyo kungabonwa njengento ephazamisayo kwiintsapho eziqhele ukulahla yonke into. Ukuchasa kungaqina ngakumbi kuluntu oluneengxaki zobudlelane norhulumente wasekuhlaleni. Ukuyoyisa oku kufuna ukudibana kokwenene koluntu ngexesha loyilo lwenkqubo, kungekhona nje emva kokuba kuphulwe inyani. Xa abemi bevakalelwa kwaye bebona ukuba inkxalabo yabo itheliwe, basenokuvuma baze bathobele imithetho emitsha.

Inkxalabo Engaphelelanga

Imimiselo yococeko inokuba neziphumo ezingenakulinganiswa kuluntu olufumana ii-asethi ezincinane kunye noluntu olunombala. Iinzuzo zokwaphulwa kwempahla, umzekelo, zingatyunyuzwa kwiintsapho ezisele zizama ukuthenga izindlu. Imimiselo engqongqo ngaphandle kwemigaqo exhasayo ingakhokelela ekususeni okanye ekuxakekeni kwemali. Uyilo lwemithetho esesikweni luquka imiqathango yoncedo lwemali, imigca ethobela ixesha eliguqukayo ethambekileyo, kunye nezinye izinto ezisetyenziswayo kwimiqathango yemali. Urhulumente kufuneka ulumke ukusebenzisa imithetho yococeko njengebgibe lokuxhoba kwabemi.

Izityholo Ezicaluliweyo

Kwimimandla yasedolophini, ucoceko lusoloko lulawulwa yimithetho emininzi ephangaleleyo — isantya, ingingqi, isithili esikhethekileyo, yaye ngamanye amaxesha amasebe karhulumente. Inkunkuma inganqumla kumazwe amathathu ngaphambi kokuba ilungiswe. Oku kwahlulwa kwenza kube nzima ukunyanzelisa, kubhidanise abemi, kwaye kudala izithuba apho kungekho mbutho uthatha ityala. Izivumelwano ze-intergovernmental, amandla okuqinisekisa ukusebenza, kunye nobuchule bokuchaza ingqukuva ngeminxathela yebhulorho.

Imigaqo Yexesha Elizayo Yococeko Loluntu

Ucoceko lwentlalo lujikeleza ngokukhawuleza, luqhutywa luphuhliso lobugcisa, imfuno yemekobume, kunye nokutshintsha kolindelo lukawonke-wonke.

Ugcino-lwazi oluqhutywayo kunye nezixeko ezikrelekrele

Inkqubela kubugcisa bolwazi, ugcino-lwazi lwezimvo, kunye ne-Internet yezinto zinceda ulawulo lwenkunkuma elula. Izixhobo ezikrelekrele ezinezivo zomgangatho ophezulu ziyakwazi ukunyusa iindlela zokuqokelela, ukunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kunye neziganeko eziphuphumayo. Izinto ezixela kwangaphambili ziyakwazi ukuchonga imimandla esengozini yokwanda kokungcola okanye ukulahlwa okungekho mthethweni okusekelwe kwimo yezulu, iziganeko, okanye ugcino-lwazi lwembali. Amanye amadolobha azama ukukhuphisa ngokunyanisa inkunkuma, apho abahlazi behlawula khona ngokusekelwe kumthamo womgqomo abawuvelisayo, ngokunyusa nokuyibuyisela ngokutsha. Ezi zixhobo zivumela oomatshini ukuba bahambe besuka ekulawuleni ngokusebenza kwemozulu, ukukhuthaza ucocekelo lwezo lwezo zempilo.

Inzululwazi yesimilo kunye nezigweqe

Kukho umdla okhulayo wokusebenzisa inzululwazi yesimilo ukukhuthaza ukuthobela imimiselo yococeko. "Izicwangciso" ezincinci", utshintsho oluncinci kwindawo ekhetiweyo, -- ingaba lusebenza kakhulu kwixabiso eliphantsi. Imizekelo iquka: ukubeka inkunkuma kumgangatho wamehlo kufutshane neendawo zokuphuma, ukupeyinta iinyawo emhlabeni ezikhokelela kwibhinji, ngokusebenzisa iingxowa ezikhanyayo ukuze abantu babone inkunkuma abayivelisayo, kwaye bakhuphe izingxibo njenge "entlalo" kunokuba bafake isohlwayo yemali. Xa zidityaniswe nomthetho wesithethe, ezi zizathu zichuku zingenza ngcono ngaphandle kokufuna amandla amatsha asemthethweni.

Imithetho yezoqoqosho olungqukuva

Phambili koluntu olujongene noluhlu olusuka "kwindawo ethathayo-enzayo" imodeli yemeko yezoqoqosho yesazinge, apho inkunkuma incitshiswa kwaye izinto zigcinwa zisetyenziswa ixesha elide. Imithetho yommandla ingaxhasa olu tshintsho ngokufuna ubucukubhede bemveliso, apho abenzi banoxanduva lokuphela kolawulo lobomi bemveliso yabo. Ezinye iinkqubo zesazinge ziquka ukuvalwa komsebenzi weplastiki enye, izihlomelo zokulungisa iplastiki, kunye neemfuno zokwakha nokuncitshiswa kwenkunkuma. Le mithetho yokulungisa iincangca emthombo, ukunciphisa umthamo wenkunkuma ekufuneka ilawulelwe kwindawo yokuqala.

Imithetho yoluntu

Eyona migaqo isebenzayo yileyo abantu bavakalelwa ukuba balawulwa ngayo. Iimodeli zolawulo ezibandakanyekileyo, kuquka iindibano zabemi, uqingqo-mali olunokwahlukana logutyulo, kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa uluntu, zinika abahlali ilizwi elingqalileyo kwindlela yokuyila iinkqubo zococeko. Xa abantu bevakalelwa ukuba bancedile ekumiseni imithetho, ukwanda kwemiqathango kunye nokugcinwa komthetho kuba lula.

Amanyathelo Asebenzisekayo Abangela Abahlali Baxhase Imithetho Yococeko Yasekuhlaleni

Ukuqonda indima yemimiselo yasekuhlaleni linyathelo lokuqala. Abemi abafuna ukwenza umahluko obonakalayo bangenza ezi zinto zilandelayo:

  • Funda ikhowudi yakho yasekuhlaleni: Oomasipala abaninzi benza imithetho yabo ifumaneke kwi-intanethi. Chitha iyure uhlola amacandelo kulawulo lwenkunkuma, ukulahla, nokugcina impahla. Ulwazi lusisiseko sesenzo esinempumelelo.
  • ukwaphula iingxelo ngokukhawuleza: Sebenzisa i-frine yesixeko sakho, i-app, okanye i-website ukuchaza ukukhukuliseka kwebhini, ukulahlwa okungekho mthethweni, okanye ipropati ezityesheliweyo. Ukunika ingxelo rhoqo kunceda amaziko okunyanzelisa apho zifuneka khona.
  • Ukurhoxa okanye ukuqala iqela elicocekileyo lommelwane: Lungisa iziganeko ezithe rhoqo ukuphatha inkunkuma kunye neendawo zikawonke-wonke. Oomasipala abaninzi banikela inkxaso yomthetho njengengxowa, iiglove, kunye neenkonzo zokulahla.
  • Iintlanganiso zikawonke-wonke ezithe gqolo: ibhunga lesiXeko, ukucwangcisa iintlanganiso, kunye neentlanganiso zebhodi yemo yezulu apho kuxoxwa khona kwaye kugqitywe khona. Imicimbi yelizwi lakho.
  • [[NT.:0] Iindlela zococeko zasekuhlaleni ngengxowa yakho yemali: Ishishini elilandela ezona zinto zilungileyo, linikela kwimibutho ecocekileyo yoluntu, lize lixhase ukuxhasa imali eyaneleyo yokunyanzeliswa kobuphengululo kunye nemithetho ecwangcisiweyo kuqingqo-mali lwengingqi yasekuhlaleni.

Imimiselo yendawo ayingomthetho ohlanganisa uthuli kwikhabhinethi yesixeko. Zizixhobo eziphilayo ezibumba amava omhla nezolo omntu ngamnye ohlala kuyo. Xa zenziwe ngokucamngca, ngokunyanzelisayo, nangokuxhaswa ngabantu ababotshelelweyo, zidala iimeko zokucoceka, impilo, kunye neendawo ezichubekileyo. Ngokuqonda indima yale mithetho nokusebenza kwayo ekuphuhliseni nasekusebenzeni kwayo, abemi benza okungaphezulu kunokulandela umthetho .