Ukuchaza Amandla Karhulumente

Amandla karhulumente, ekusemgangathweni wawo, abhekisela kwigunya elisemthethweni lokudala, ukunyanzelisa, kunye nemithetho eshwankathelayo yabemi kummandla ochaziweyo. Eli gunya alikho lodwa; lifumaneka kwintabalala entsokothileyo yemithombo eyahluka-hlukeneyo kwiinkqubo zezobupolitika. Kwidemokhrasi, imithombo ephambili iquka umgaqo-siseko obhaliweyo okanye ongabhalwanga ogunyazisa inkqubo yokulawula, imibutho yemithetho elawulayo emisela imithetho, amaziko aphetheyo alawula imithetho, kunye nezixhobo zokulawula ezizimeleyo ezichaza umthetho neempikiswano zezobupolitika. Ekugqibeleni, eyona mithombo yesiseko iquka ukuvuma kwabantu ekuhleni ulawulo olufanelekileyo, ngokufuthi oluboniswa ngooookhiwo noluthabathko lwentlalo. Ngaphandle kokuvuma kwalo gunya

Amandla karhulumente abonakala kwithala leethala: loluntu, lommandla okanye lorhulumente, kunye norhulumente okanye lohlanga. Ithala ngalinye lineembopheleleko ezahlukileyo, ukusuka ekuhlaleni nasekweluntwini ukuya kumgangatho wangaphandle. Ukusasazwa kwamandla phakathi kwala manqanaba . Ngokuchasene nolawulo oluphezulu kumazwe amaninzi. Ngokwahlukileyo, iinkqubo ezingundoqo zingadala ingqiqo yomgama phakathi komntu ngamnye norhulumente, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kuncitshitshiswe ulawulo lwezentlalo-ntle. Ukuqonda oku kubalulekileyo, xa oorhulumente benogunya elibalulekileyo kwizikolo nakusetyenziswa komhlaba, abemi banamathuba athe ngqo okuphembelela ngokunempumelelo imigudu yabo.

Ukuqonda Imbopheleleko Yesibini

Imbopheleleko ye-Covic ibandakanya imisebenzi, iimbopheleleko, kunye nemisebenzi yokuzithandela egcina ibutho eliphilileyo, elilawulwa yidemokhrasi. Ezi mbopheleleko zingaphaya kokuthobela nje umthetho; zibandakanya ukuba nenxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo kwingingqi kawonke-wonke ukuqinisekisa ukuba igunya likarhulumente lihlala linembopheleleko kwaye lisamkela. Imisebenzi engundoqo iquka:

  • Ukuvota kunyulo kuwo onke amanqanaba karhulumente, ahlala engowona mgaqo uthe ngqo wabemi ukuphembelela inkqubo kunye nokhokelo.
  • Ukuhlala usazi ngemibandela yezopolitiko, umthetho ocetyiweyo, kunye nezenzo zamagosa anyuliweyo ngemithombo ethembekileyo kunye namajelo eendaba azimeleyo.
  • Ukuncedisa kwinkonzo yoluntu nomsebenzi ongangeni ngeniso ukuqhubana neemfuno zasekuhlaleni nokwakha ikomkhulu loluntu.
  • Ukuxhasa intlalo-ntle yezobulungisa] `kuquka imiba efana namalungelo alinganayo, ukhuseleko lwemekobume, nokusesikweni kwezoqoqosho] ngokuqhayisa ngoxolo, ngokubhalela abameli, okanye ukudibanisa amaqela olawulo.
  • Ukukhonza kumaqumrhu eejaji xa ibizwe, okuyinto enyanzelekileyo esemthethweni nesekona senkqubo yokusesikweni.

Ezi zinto zinceda ekuguquleni ingcamango engabonakaliyo yobumi ibe yimpembelelo ebonakalayo. Xa abemi besenza iimbopheleleko zabo, abakhangeli nje kuphela igunya likarhulumente kodwa bakwalinika igunya. Isithandi sobulumko sezobupolitika uHannah Arendt sathi ukuthembisana ngokuzimisela kudala "isikhala-mfono-mfono" apho inkululeko ingakhula khona," indawo exhomekeke ngokupheleleyo ekuthabatheni inxaxheba kubantu abaqhelekileyo.

Imbopheleleko Ephakathi Kwamandla Karhulumente Nezigwebo

Ulwalamano Olukhulu

Ulwalamano phakathi kwegunya likarhulumente nembopheleleko yentlalo luyekelela kakhulu. Ulawulo olunempumelelo lukhuthaza ukuganana kwesizwe, kunye nokubotshwa kobugqwirha kumele kuphendulwe ngurhulumente. Qwalasela umzekelo weentlanganiso zeholo yetown [. Xa urhulumente elungiselela iintlanganiso ezithe rhoqo, ezifikelelekayo ukuze kuvunywe abami, ibonisa ukuba igalelo likawonke-wonke lixatyisiwe. Oku, kukhuthaza abemi ukuba bahlale benolwazi kwaye bathathe inxaxheba. Ngokuphikisana noko, xa urhulumente ekhathazekile okanye engafuni kungene, ukuva inkxamkelo yezamvo yoluntu kudla ukulandela, umjikelo oyingozi onokuthi ususe imilinganiselo yedemokhrasi.

Imilinganiselo Yokuziphatha Ebandakanyekileyo

Oorhulumente bangalwakha ngenkuthalo uxanduva lwezentlalo-ntle ngokhetho lwenkqubo. Umzekelo, bafuna imfundo ye-bivic [ kwizikolo zikawonke-wonke]. Ukufihla kungekhona nje oomakhenkethi bakarhulumente kodwa nembali yeentsebenziswano zoluntu nokubaluleka kokuthathi-nxaxheba. Ngokunjalo, [[FLT:] ubhaliso oluzenzekelayo [[[FLT:]], ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, kunye noota, kunye noomatiloshe beposi banciphisa imiqobo yokuthabatha inxaxheba kwaye bathumele umyalezo wokuvota olindeleke ukuba unyuke. [[FLT:]

Intshukumo ye-Grassroot kunye namandla equmrhu

Imidlalo iyabonakala nakunyuko lwentshukumo . Ukusuka kwiNtlanganiso yamaLungelo e-United States ukuya kwimibhiyozo ye-pro-democracy eHong Kong, abemi abaqhelekileyo baye basebenzisa icebo ngokwembali ukuvavanya okanye ukukhuthaza urhulumente we-reshape. Le ntshukumo ibonisa ukuba uxanduva lwamalungelo abantu asiyomisebenzi nje elula kodwa ngamandla asebenzayo anokunyanzela oorhulumente ukuba batshintshe. Xa imijelo yeququzelelo ingaphumeleli kokunganyaniseki, ukuvala i-gript, okanye ukukhuthaza ulawulo lobuzwilakhe ifana nesixhobo esibalulekileyo ekulondolozeni ukulawulwa kolawulo lwedemokhrasi. Oku kugxininisa ngamandla okokuba igunya alikho ngokupheleleyo; kusoloko kuphantsi koxinzelelo oludityaniswe nolawulo lukawonke-wonke-wonke.

Uhlolisiso Lwetyala Lembali Nelanamhlanje

IAthene Yamandulo Nemvelaphi Yendawo Yokusebenza Kwesityalo

Ingcamango yembopheleleko karhulumente iqala ubuncinane emva kwe-Athene yamandulo, apho abemi babelindeleke ukuba babe nenxaxheba ngqo kwindibano, basebenze kwiijaji, kwaye babe kwisikhundla sikawonke-wonke. Umbhali-mbali ongumGrike uThucydides wabhala iPicles's Lifere Oration, apho inkokeli yase-Athene yavakalisa ukuba "asitsho ukuba indoda engenamdla kwezobupolitika yindoda ecinga ngemicimbi yayo; sithi ayinashishini konke oku." Le njongo ````ukungakhathali' kukusilela ubumi obumi','." ivakala kwiinkulungwane zengcamango zolawulo-demokhrasi.

Imizekelo Yanamhlanje: Unyulo Neeprojekti

Kulawulo-bume lwexeshana, imidlalo iyabonakala kunyulo oluphezulu kunye nonyulo. Umzekelo, i-arhente yoxolo yase-2016 yaseColombia, eyacela abemi ukuba bavumele okanye balulahle uxolo lwembali lokuqhubana nabavukeli beFARC, yabona umvoti orhoxileyo kumalungelo okuphumayo kuphela kuma-37%, kwaye "No" icala laphumelela. Abahlalutyi abaninzi baphikisa ukuba ukuphambuka okuphantsi nokungaqondani kwesizwe ngobuchule bomsebenzi kulula ukuthoba okanye ukululaza ukufezekisa iziphumo. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, u-201818182018 ubhekisa i-endrum kumalungelo okuqhoqhoqhoqhoqho eIreland, kwaye i-engce i-engcer-ea eweeaaaath ewewewe i-64%, iqhutywa liphucuthe yiphulo lengca nemfundo ebanzi. Isiphumo samkelelwa ngokubakho ngemizekelo elungileyo. Ngokwako oluqhelekileyo, ngokungeyokungaxhomekeka kulawulo lwabemi abasebenzi nje kuphela kwemisebenzi.

Ingcali Engoombhali Neybrid Regimes

Ulwalamano luthatha ulawulo olwahlukileyo kulawulo lobuzwilakhe okanye lwemichiza, apho igunya likarhulumente lilawulwa ngamandla kwaye linyanzelekile ukuba lisebenze. Kwimeko enjalo, abemi base-Arabhu basenokujongana nesohlwayo sokuvota, ukuqhayisa, okanye kwanaphantsi kolawulo. Kwanaphantsi kokucinezelwa, imbopheleleko yezentlalo isenokuvela ngeendlela ezichuliweyo: amaphephandaba afihlakeleyo, ukuchasa okuzolileyo, okanye ukuvuselelwa kwebutho labantu. Imvukelo yeArabhu yaseSpring idla ngokukrazula kobuswa ngumsindo woburhulumente, ``ingakhethi ngumba obeke umngeni othethotho othe kratya. Iziphumo ezidityaniweyo zikwabonisa indlela ekunzima ngayo ukuzixhasa kolawulo lwasekuhlaleni xa urhulumente ukuzimisela ukuphelisa urhulumente.

Iingxaki Kulwalamano

Ukungakhathali Kwezobupolitika Nokunganeliseki

Oluna celomngeni lusasazekileyo luyi inkcaso yezobupolitika. Xa abantu bevakalelwa kukuba ukuvota kwabo akunto ibalulekileyo, ukuba omabini amaqela ayafana, okanye urhulumente wonakele kakhulu okanye umgama ongenakutshintshwa, bayarhoxa. Oku kungakhathali kusoloko kuqikelelwa kumbono womntu ngamnye ```indleko yokuhlala ufundileyo novota ingathi iphezulu kakhulu kwimpembelelo ecacileyo. Kodwa ukungazikhathaleli kubangela ibala elikhethekileyo, kwimiqathango, kwimiba, nakwimizabala ephezulu efuna ukulishwa. Isazi sezobupolitika uLarry Diary silumkisiwe ukuba "uqhekel' ngenkulungwane yama-21 ingathi ukrwelelo lobuzwelo-demokhrasi" ngokuyinxenye luphethulwa ngokujika ukusuka kwindlela yedemokhrasi.

Ukunganyaniseki Nokusetyenziswa Kakubi Kwegunya

Urhwaphilizo lungawanciphisa ngokuthe ngqo amatyala axhasa uxanduva lwesizwe. Xa abemi bebona amagosa ezicebisa okanye ephosa imithetho yabahlobo nabanikeli, bayagxeka ukuba nenxaxheba. Ukunganyaniseki kusenokwenza amaziko athatha isinyobo, iinkundla ezixhasa amandla, okanye amagunya anyuliweyo abangela ukuba zonke iinkolelo zokuba igunya likarhulumente livumelekile. Kumazwe afana neBrazil, imposiso ezinkulu njengoMkhosi weCar Shash ziye zakhokelela kwimibhiyo edilizela, , i-priver, ukuphelelwa kuthemba kubo bonke abadlala ngezopolitiki.

Izithintelo Zokuba Nenxaxheba

Imiqobo yesakhiwo ```imithetho ye-'FLT'' echaphazela ngokugqithisileyo amaqela amancinane, asebenzisa amandla okuvota' okanye [[[FLT:]] [[FLT]] iiyure zokucola [[[FLT:]] ezikwindawo eziphantsi, ``````iiindawo eziphantsi'',' kwaye abemi abaninzi abaphumeza imisebenzi yabo yoluntu. Kumazwe athile, ukucinezela ivovo] kugqibo oluzenzekelayo.

Inkcazelo nenkcazelo eninzi kakhulu

Ukusingqongileyo kolwazi lwale mihla kubangela ucelomngeni olukhethekileyo. I-Disformation] ``Iindawo ezifihlakeleyo okanye ezilahlekisayo ezidibeneyo zisasazeke ngokwezopolitiko okanye inzuzo yemali-------aselke'. Ukuphelisa uxanduva lwabemi ngokubanzi ukuba bangakwazi ukuvumelana ngamacandelo angundoqo. Xa abantu bengenako ukuthemba imithombo esemthethweni okanye amajelo-medi, bangazimela ii-entloko ezixhasa ii-hea. Oku kudityaniselanisa kuphazamisana nokuqonda okufunekayo kwingxoxo ephilileyo kawonke-wonke-wonke. Urhulumente uzama ukulwa no-transportant kufuneka uhambe umgca olungileyo: inyathelo elincinci elivumela ukuxoka okukhula; isandla esinzima kakhulu sinokusetyenziswa ekucinezeleni ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukukhuthaza Ulwalamano Oluhle

Ukomeleza Imfundo Yesicombululo

Ukuphinda usebenzise imfundo ye-bibic [[[FLT: 0]] yenye yezixhobo ezinamandla ezikhoyo. Oku kufanele kudlule ngaphaya kwenkcazelo yencwadi yendlela ityala eliba ngumthetho ngayo. Iinkqubo ezisebenzayo zifundisa abafundi malunga [ ufundo lokufunda iimediach. [ukuvavanya imvelaphi, ikhethe, kunye neendawo ezichaphazelekayo zentlalo, imbali yezolawulo, nokubaluleka kolawulo lwasekuhlaleni. Imisebenzi yemfaniso efana nokhetho, iimodeli, iimodeli, kunye nemisebenzi etshintshayo yentlalo-coso ingenza ulwazi lube bubuchule obuluncedo. Iintlangano ezifana [FFLT:] CPGenexP [5]

Ukwandisa Imijelo

Oorhulumente kufuneka benze iindlela ezininzi, ezifikelelekayo zokuthabatha inxaxheba. Oku akuquki amaxesha okuvota kuphela kodwa kwanamathuba okugqabaza uwonke-wonke kwimimiselo ecetyisiweyo, ukuxhasa uqingqo-mali [ apho abemi bakhetha indlela yokwabela icandelo lemali kawonke-wonke, kunye [[FLT:]] nexesha lokufumana iziphumo zemali [[FLT] iibhodi ze-activeboard [ kwimiba efana neprojekthi, kunye nenkqubo yendalo. Inkqubo ye-Estonia ye-gonnernie ivumela ukuba ivote kwikhompyutha, iingxelo zonikezelo, kunye nefayile zerhafuthelo-demon ezisezantsi kunye nezixhobo eziluncedo kakhulu. Nokuba kunjalo, izixhobo zenziwe ngemichizakhono ze-ethemiv

Ukwakha Imbonakalo Nokuziphendulela

Xa abemi bebona oko kwenziwa ngurhulumente wabo, banokukuthemba kakhulu kwaye bathabathe inxaxheba. uvule amanyathelo karhulumente . [Ii-awunsi ikhuthaza abangaphakathi ukuxela ububi. [FLT:] [ii-offration, izivumelwano, izivumelwano zegunya, kunye nenkqubo yesebe (iqela lamaqela ekwakheni amandla ombane). [[FLT:]] ii-'applerightte's [[[FLT]] izikhuseli ze-'applity' [[FLT:]] zikhuthaza abangaphakathi ukuba baxele okungalunganga. [FLT] [FT] [FFT] [FFT] inguqumscrective] [ft] kunye nezi candelo lorhwebo lorhwebo loluntu emhlabeni wonke, ukuxhasa okuninzi lwamazwe.

Isenzo Sokuzithandela Esikhuthazayo

Uxanduva lwe-Covic alukho kuphela ngokuvota kunye nezobupolitika; lukwaquka ubuvolunteri, ulungiselelo, kunye nomsebenzi woluntu. Oorhulumente bangakukhuthaza oku ngokuxhasa iinkqubo zenkonzo yesizwe njenge-Americorps, ukunikela izikhuthazo zerhafu zeminikelo yezezentlalo, nokuqonda amavolontiya abalaseleyo. Iintlangano zonqulo kunye noluntu zidla ngokuba nendima ebalulekileyo ekuquququzeleni amatsha - ntliziyo, kunye nakusebenza phakathi kwala maqela zinokunyusa impembelelo yawo. Xa abemi bebona ukuba imigudu yabo yokucoca upaki, ukufundisa abantwana, okanye ukunyusa ukuqonda okungemingenisela kwiziphumo ezicacileyo, ingqiqo yabo yezentengo yoothunywa-mali, kwaye babonakala ngakumbi ekubandakanyeni kweminye imicimbi yobomi.

Isiphelo

Ulwalamano phakathi kwegunya likarhulumente nembopheleleko yoluntu asilosingqinelano olumileyo kodwa luyinto eqhubekayo eqhubekayo. Ngokwako oku kusebenza, oku kuvelisa idemokhrasi ekwaziyo ukumelana nokulungelelana, ngokukwaziyo ukucombulula iingxaki zomanyano lomntu ngamnye ngoxa isithi ihlabe phantsi, iziphumo zisenokuba yimeko ekude, engathobeliyo okanye ibutho labantu apho inkcaso kunye nokungakhathaleli. Umsebenzi wabo bobabini abemi neenkokeli kukulikulima iimeko apho ulwalamano lwabo nolulo lungakhula khona: ukufundisa isizukulwana esilandelayo, ukususa imiqobo yokuthatha inxaxheba, ukuqinisekisa ukubonakala, nokubhiyo kwemidlisana kwabo banyuka. Njengombutho wobupolitiki uRobert. u-Dnam umele ukuba uthethe kuluntu olunolwayo. [FLDLD: 0], unyango lwe-demodemokhrasistiki luxhomekeke kulawulo lwamathelela kwimigaqo yoluntu, kwaye lungamele ulawulo olusebenzayo, kodwa siqinisekise ukuba urhulumente ukuba urhulumente ahlale urhulumente ahlale ungene.

ngokuphindaphindeneyo ufundo: Kuphando olunzulu lwale mixholo, bona i Encyclopedia yongeno lwentanda- bulumko kwidemokhrasi kunye neNtshukumo yophando olungokwamaqumrhu .