Ibutho lasekuhlaleni lenza isiseko solawulo-bume lwezorhwebo, lisebenza njengommeli obalulekileyo phakathi kwelizwe, imarike, kunye nomntu ngamnye. Liquka uludwe olukhulu lwemibutho, amaqumrhu, namaqela asebenza ngokwawo ngokwahlukana nolawulo lukarhulumente, kuquka iinzuzo, imibutho esekelwe kuluntu, amaqumrhu orhwebo, amaqela okholo, amaqela obugcisa, kunye neenkqubo zobugqeba. Ukuqonda ibutho labantu kubalulekile ekuqondeni indlela izenzo zoluntu ezibangela ngayo utshintsho lwentlalo, indlela abemi abanoxanduva ngayo, nendlela abahlala kuzo abaneziququ ezifuna kakhulu ngayo. Eli nqaku lihlolisisa inkcazelo, iindima ezingundoqo, imisebenzi, kunye nokulungisa uluntu, kunye neendawo ezimaquluko oluphambili kwindima engundoqo yamaqela amaqela angengawo oonontlalo-ntle.

Ichaza iNkqutyana yabemi: Ingcamango Entsonkothileyo Netshintshayo

Kwindawo elula, ibutho lasekuhlaleni libhekisela kwisiseko sonxulumano lokuzithandela nolwalamano loluntu olukhoyo ngaphandle kwemibutho esesikweni karhulumente kunye nentengiso yengeniso. Sisithuba apho abemi badibana khona ukuze basukele izilangazelelo ezimntwili, bachaze amaxabiso afanayo, kwaye basebenzele okulungileyo okuqhelekileyo. Eli gama linemvelaphi enzulu engokwembali, ukusuka kwisiGrike samandulo ikointia politikē[ (iiiiiiiinginginali) kwingcuba zeSkopule encopho eSkoshishini echaza njengommandla wesidima soluntu nentetho entle. Kwinzululwazi yanamhlanje yezopolitiko, uluntu ludla ukuchazwa ziimpawu ezingundoqo:

  • Intengiselwano:[ Imibutho yebutho labemi (CSOs) yahluke kakhulu kurhulumente. Ngeli xesha benokufumana inkxaso karhulumente okanye intsebenziswano kwimigaqo, bagcina ulawulo oluzimeleyo kunye nokwenza izigqibo.
  • Ubuvoluntari:[ Ukuthabatha inxaxheba ngokusisiseko kungokokuzithandela. Abantu ngabanye bangenelela okanye baxhase iCSOs ngenxa yokuzithemba, ububele, okanye umdla wokwabelana, hayi ukunyanzelisa.
  • [[NTL:0] Isenzo sokwenza uphakamiso: Ezi zinto zidibanise izikhethelo zomntu ngamnye kwiinjongo ezidityanisiweyo, zinceda abemi bafumane iziphumo ezingenakufezeka kuphela, njengokusakha iziko loluntu, ukukhuthaza imimiselo yemekobume, okanye ukunikezela isiqabu sentlekele.
  • [[NTL:0] Ingeniso ePhakamileyo: Ngelixesha ezinye ii-CSOs zinceda izilangazelelo zamalungu (umz., unxulumano lwengcali), abaninzi banosukelo olucacileyo lokunceda uluntu ngokubanzi, ingakumbi oluphantsi okanye olungaphantsi.
  • I- Izithethe:[ ibutho loluntu lahluke ngokwemvelo, iquka iingcamango, iinkonzo, ubuhlanga, kunye nemimandla ekhutshwayo. Oku kuninzi kungumthombo wokuzinzisa nokuhlaziya.
  • Iqela okanye i Comptive Relations kunye noRhulumente: iiCSO zingasebenzisana namasebe karhulumente ukunikela iinkonzo, inkcaso yemigaqo karhulumente ngokusetyenziswa kobuchule, okanye ukusebenza njengemigadi ehlola ukuthembeka kukawonke-wonke.

Ukuqondwa kwebutho labemi kwangoku kubandakanya imiba yemilinganiso-manani, imibutho yezentlalo, kunye neenkqubo ezidibeneyo ezihlanganisa ukunqumla imida. Le "mibutho" iye yandisa ibala lemidlalo yezentlalo-ntle, nangona ikwazisa iingxaki ezintsha ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokujongwa. Kwisiseko sengcamango yentlalo, abafundi bangajongana nomsebenzi wabaphengululi abanjengoHelmut Arheier, okanye bahlole ICIVIUS Monitor yengitha yoluntu , ebangela ukuba impilo yebutho labemi ihambele phambili.

Indima Neentlobo Ngeentlobo Zemibutho Engafumani Mvuzo Kuluntu

Imibutho engaphiliyo (NPO) yeyona ibonakalayo neyona ilungelelanisiweyo yoluntu. Zikumaqumrhu asemthethweni asebenza phantsi kwe "ukunyanzelwa okunganikezeli""""""/nayiphi na ingeniso eseleyo kufuneka ibuyiselwe kumsebenzi kunokuba yabelwe abanini okanye abanikazi. Ibhulorho engakhuphiswanga ibhulorho phakathi kobubele bomntu ngamnye nezisombululo zenkqubo, ukulungiselela iinkonzo, ukukhuthaza utshintsho lwenkqubo, kunye nokuqinisa amaqhina oluntu. Iindima zabo zinokuphinda zenziwe zibe ngamaqela ahlukahlukeneyo kwiintlobo ezintlanu ezisekelwe kwimisebenzi engundoqo:

1. Ingeniso yenkonzo

Le mibutho inikela uncedo olungqalileyo kubantu nakuluntu, ngokufuthi ivala iikhefu ezishiywe ziinkonzo zikawonke-wonke ezingekho mgangathweni. Imizekelo iquka iibhanki zokutya, iindawo zokuhlala ezingenamakhaya, iikliniki zempilo ezikhululekileyo, amasebe okunikela uncedo kwintlekele (umz., iRed Cross), kunye neenkqubo zokufundisa. Kumazwe amaninzi, ingeniso engaveli yimiqobo yokhuseleko loluntu, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezifana nemfundo yabantwana baselula, ukunyanyekelwa kwabadala, kunye nenkxaso yempilo yengqondo.

2. Ukukhuthala nokuHlanganisa

Ezi zi-CSO zijolise ekuphembeleleni inkqubo kawonke-wonke, ekulungiseni intetho yesidlangalala, nasekubekeni igunya lokuphendula. Zisuka kumaqela amakhulu, angoochwepheshe abafana ne-Amnesty International kunye ne-Sierra Club ukuya kumaqumrhu amancinane, amamanyano asekuhlaleni alwela iinguqulelo zolawulo okanye utshintsho lwamapolisa. Iintlangano zezentengiso zisebenzisa uphando, ukuphembelela, ukuphembelela, kunye nokukhuthaza ukhuselwa kweengca ukuze zibangele ukukhuselwa kwemekobume, amalungelo abantu, ubulungisa bobuhlanga, kunye nempilo kawonke-wonke. Zibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuba amazwi athotyikisiweyo avakala kwiinkqubo zedemokhrasi.

3. Amaqela oluntu neengcambu

Ngokufuthi ngokungacwangciswanga kwaye ngokuqhutywa ngamavolontiya, la maqela aphuma kwiindawo ezikufutshane ukuze athethe ngeengxaki ezithile ezabelweneyo .ukusuka ekwakheni isitiya soluntu ukuya kulungiselela ukugada ummandla okufuphi okanye ukwenza umsitho wezithethe. Ii- Grasroot ziyimibutho yegazi yedemokhrasi yokuxhasa i-demokhrasi, ukukhuthaza umanyano kunye nokhokelo lwentlalo. Ziphumelela ngokukhethekileyo ekwakheni ukuthembana nokuvelisa ubuchule, izisombululo ezicacileyo.

4. IZiko loLuntu loNcedo noLolongo

Ezi zinto zingancedi zisekelwe kwingeniso zobulungu zifeza izilangazelelo zomsebenzi othile okanye ushishino olukhethekileyo − olufana nonxulumano lwebhari, ibutho lezamayeza, kunye namabhunga obunjineli. Zinikezela ngezixhobo zokunxibelelana, ziqhubeke zifundisa, imilinganiselo yokuziphatha, kunye nokuxhasa amalungu azo. Ngoxa ngokuyintloko zikhonza izilangazelelo zangaphakathi, zikwanegalelo kwibutho labantu ngokukhuthaza ukuphendulana ngobuchule kunye nokutshintshisana ngobuchule.

5. Imibutho Yonqulo Nokholo

IiCawa, iinkonzo, izindlu zesikhungu, kunye neminye imibutho yokholo iphakathi kweentlobo ezindala zebutho labantu. Ngaphandle kokhokelo lokomoya, zisoloko ziqhuba iinkqubo zokunceda abantu, izikolo, izibhedlele, kunye namaziko asekuhlaleni. Iintlangano ezisekelwe kukholo zihlukile kubuchule bazo bokuhlanganisa amaqumrhu amakhulu amatsha - ntliziyo nokulungiselela imigaqo yokuziphatha elungelelanisa umsebenzi wobulungisa. Noko ke, kufuneka zilawule ingxwabangxwaba phakathi kweenkolelo zemfundiso kunye nemilinganiselo yezentlalo.

Isikali secandelo elingangeni ngeniso sikhulu. EUnited States kuphela, kukho ingeniso ezibhalisweyo ezingaphezulu kwe-1.5 yezigidi ezifaktha phantse iidola eziyizigidi zezigidi zemali ngonyaka, ngokwe- Liziko Lesizwe Lemibango ye-Charitable kwi-Urban Institute. Icandelo lisebenzisa amashumi ezigidi zabantu kwaye libandakanye nezigidi zamatsha - ntliziyo, liyenza ibe lingumsebenzi omkhulu kubomi boqoqosho nobomi bentlalo.

Imisebenzi Yoluntu: Ukuthengisa, Ukukhonza Nokuguqula

Ibutho labemi liphumeza imisebenzi emininzi ebalulekileyo egcina ulawulo lwedemokhrasi nobugqwesi bentlalo:

  • Ukudityaniswa phakathi kobuzwe nobumi: isebenza njengesigcini sethutyana, ithumela izikhalo zomntu ngamnye kunye nemfuno zomntu ngamnye kumanyano olulungelelanisiweyo, olwakhayo norhulumente. Zinceda ekuguquleleni iingxaki zobuqu kwimiba kawonke-wonke kwaye zinceda ukubhenelana phakathi kwabenzi benkqubo kunye noluntu oluchaphazelekileyo.
  • IiNkonzo zobuNtondo-mkhamo: Ingeniso ezingezizo zinikezela iinkonzo eziyimfuneko ``ukunyamekela impilo nemfundo yoncedo lonyango olusemthethweni noncedo longxamiseko-phambili] ngokufuthi kufikelela kubemi abatyeshelwa ngurhulumente kunye neemarike. Le ndima yenkonzo inciphisa umthwalo kwiinkqubo zikawonke-wonke kwaye iyakwazi ukusungula iindlela ezithi kamva zibe yinkqubo kawonke-wonke.
  • Ifuna ukuphendula ngegunya: Imibutho yokwabela i-advocation ijonge urhulumente kunye nehambo yequmrhu, ibhenca ubuqhetseba, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwamalungelo abantu, kunye nengozi yemekobume. Ngokusetyenziswa kwe-liging, uphando logcino-lwazi, ukunikela ingxelo kawonke-wonke, kunye nokutsala izizwe ngezizwe, banyanzelisa ukubonakala nokunyanzelisa imilinganiselo engokwasemthethweni neyokuziphatha.
  • Ukuncedisana kwe-CBIC kunye nekomkhulu lentlalo: izikolo zedemokhrasi. Zifundisa ubuchule obufana nokulungiselela iintlanganiso, impikiswano, ulawulo loqingqo-mali, kunye nokusebenza ngokusebenzisana. Igalelo likhulisa ukuthembana, ukuqulunqwa, ukusetyenziswa kwequmrhu, kunye neenkqubo zekomkhulu lentlalo ezenza uluntu lukwazi ukumelana nokwenza intsebenziswano. URobert Putnam's senellal, Bhowling Alowling [, ichaza ngokudumileyo indlela ukuncipha kwamalungu embuyise ngayo ukholo lwentlalo lwezentlalo eUnited States.
  • I-Plathoring Plavition kunye ne-Priviting Minority Rights: ibutho labemi linika amaqela acudisiweyo(ethnics, iLGBTQ+ abantu abambalwa, abantu abakhubazekileyo, kunye nabanye] ukulungiselela, ukuchaza ukuba ngawaphi amalungelo abo, nokuzifunela amalungelo abo. Ibutho loluntu elomeleleyo liyinkuselo kwingcinezelo yabaninzi.
  • Izisombululo zokuvula: Ingeniso zisoloko zisebenza ngokuchanekileyo kunee-bureaucracy okanye inkampani yengeniso karhulumente. Bangazama iindlela ezintsha zokunciphisa ubuhlwempu, uphakamiso, uphakamiso, ulondolozo lwemekobume, kunye nempilo kawonke-wonke.

Iingxaki Zoluntu Ngenkulungwane Ye - 21

Nangona ibalulekile indima yayo, ibutho labantu lijongene nemimoya eninzi esongela ukusebenza kwalo, yaye kwiindawo ezininzi, ubukho balo.

Isithuba se Mic

Kumanani awoyikekayo amazwe, oorhulumente bamisela ngokukhutheleyo ubuchule be-CSOs bokusebenza. Le "isithuba" iquka imithetho engqongqo kwimali yamanye amazwe, iimfuno zokubhalisa ezinzima, ukujonga kunye nokuhluthwa kwamalungu olawulo oluphezulu, kunye nokuphelisa umahluko. Ilizwe le-Global of Democratic Reports ye-ISC libhale ukuhla kweshumi leminyaka kummandla wasekuhlaleni jikelele. Kwanakwizithintelo ezisunguliweyo, imiqobo elawulayo kunye nezenzo zokuhlasela kwezobupolitika kwimibangeyo (umz., ibala, ibachaza "izimthunywa ze-RGlobalFGeneral"") zenza isiphumo esicanti.

Ukuhlawulwa Kwamaxhoba Okudinwa

Imisebenzi emininzi engancedi ngeniso isebenza kwimida yetsheyina, ixhomekeke kwimali, iminikelo, kunye nezivumelwano zikarhulumente ezisoloko zingeyoxeshana elifutshane kwaye zingqale ngokweprojekthi. Ukungahleleki kwezoqoqosho, izinto eziza kuqala ezitshintshayo, kunye nokhuphiswano lwemali enika uncedo lwemali zidala ukunganqabiseki okuqhubekayo kwemali. Oku kunokunyanzela imibutho ukuba ibeke imali eninzi ngokubeka iliso kumsebenzi, inyibilise umphetho wayo ukwenzela ukungxubisa, okanye ide ivalwe ukuba iinke kakhulu.

Iimbambano Zokuthenjelwa Kukawonkewonke Nezokuthenjwa

Imbono ephosakeleyo ngeendleko ezingangeni ngeniso ephezulu, amahlazo abandakanya ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwemali, nokunyuka kwemibutho (imibutho exhaswe ngamaqumrhu engca exhaswe ziimfuno zenkampani) iye yaphelisa ukuthembana kwabantu. Ngaphezu koko, amanye amacandelo enkxalabo yoluntu njengenkxalabo yezentengiso, ithoba ilungelo loluntu njengobundilele bentlalo-ntle efanayo.

Ukwenziwa kwengcaciso yezobupolitika nokusetyenziswa

Kwibutho elihlukeneyo, iCSOs ingaba semngciphekweni kumadabi aphenjelelwayo, iphulukana nokuthenjwa kwabo njengabadlali abangakhethi cawa. Ngokuchaseneyo, oorhulumente banokuxhasa ibutho loluntu ngokuxhasa ngemali nangokukhuthaza imibutho evumelana nocwangciso lwabo ngoxa ithoba isidima okanye igxeka abo bacekisayo. Oku kubangela ukuba lingasebenzi kakuhle elo candelo kwaye kuphembelela ukulwa namandla ombuso.

Ukungacaci kwamanani kunye noHlaziyo

Ngoxa ubugcisa buye benza ukuba kubekho iindlela ezintsha zokulungiselela, bukwanenkcazelo ephangaleleyo, intetho yentiyo, kunye namaphulo okuhlukumeza abantu. Ii-algorithm zoluntu zingakuvuza ukuvuzwa yingxoxo eqikelelweyo, ikwenza kube nzima ukuba uluntu lukhuthaze incoko eyakhayo. Izisongelo zentelekelelo, inkxalabo yogcino-lwazi, kwanolwahlulo lwamanani lukwabangela iingozi ezisebenzayo. Ngoku ukungangeni kwengeniso kufuneka kufakelele kwimisebenzi yabo yamanani, ukhuseleko, kunye nolawulo lweqonga lolawulo lokuziphatha ngelixanduva.

Ukudinwa Kwasemsebenzini Nokuphumelela

Icandelo elingaziboneleliyo lidla ngokufuna imigangatho ephezulu yokusebenza nzima ngokweemvakalelo nokuzinzisa, kodwa lihlawula ngaphantsi kwengeniso okanye iindima zikarhulumente. Isiko lokuqhamisa likhokelela emsebenzini ophezulu, ekujikeni okuphezulu, nobunzima bokutsala italente ezahlukahlukeneyo. Imibhobho yokhokelo exhotyisiweyo qha kwimibutho ekhuthaza iingca ekhokelwa ngamabhinqa nabantu abanombala.

Ikamva Loluntu: Ukuzivumelanisa Nokubuyiselwa

Ukuhlangabezana nezi ngxaki kwaye zihlale zifanelekile kwihlabathi eliguquka ngokukhawuleza, ibutho labantu kufuneka lizivelele. Intsingiselo engundoqo kunye necebo elingundoqo libumba indlela elihamba ngayo kwixesha elizayo:

Utshintsho lwamanani nocalulo oluHlayishiweyo

Amaqumrhu aya ekhula ekudibaniseni i-intanethi kunye nangaphandle konxibelelwano. Amaqonga amanani enza ukuba ukuqokelelwa kobuninzi (umz., i-# Metoo kunye nentshukumo yemozulu), ukuqokelela imali ephantsi ngemirhumo yoontanga, kunye nokudibanisa ulwazi-okrwelelo lwe-data. Noko ke, ukungangeni ngeniso kufuneka kukwazi ukumelana nomngcipheko wobungcathu bemithetho-siseko, i-intanethi yokuhlolwa kwe-algorith, kunye neqonga lokuhlola iqonga. I-"Adictal-odal kodwa hayi amanani kuphela" ibonakala ingena kukhuselo, igcina ubuso bomntu kwisakhiwo esisebenza ngendlela elula ngexesha ubugcisa bokutsala.

Ulwandiso

Eyona ngxaki ixinzeleleyo yehlabathi lonke, ``ukukhangela nokuhlola). Inkxaso ephumelelayo ifuna ulawulo olucacileyo, ukwabelana ngoxanduva. I-World Economic Forum's Sucriality Impact iintlanganiso ze-Project [FLT: 1]

Ukugxila ekuzixhaseni nakutshintsho lweenkqubo

Ingeniso ihamba ngaphaya komsebenzi owenzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezizathu ezizizo. Oku kuthetha ukukhuthaza utshintsho lwenkqubo, izithethe eziguquguqukayo zentlalo, kunye nokuphembelela iprojekthi yezorhwebo. Umzekelo, ibhanki yokutya ingenza iphulo lemivuzo ephilayo nezindlu ezinokufikeleleka. Imibutho emininzi idibanisa ukulondolozwa kwemeko-bume kwimisebenzi yayo (umz., izakhiwo eziluhlaza, iimeko ezichasene nekharbon) kunye nocwangciso lwemali lwexesha elide kusetyenziswa kwemibutho yentlalo.

Ukudityaniswa Kwehlabathi Nokudityaniswa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe

Njengoko imingeni iphela, uluntu lulungiselela i-NCOS (INGOS) yomhlaba wonke, imibutho yokulawula ihlabathi, kunye nemibutho edibanisa i-Open Government international internationalshinest idibanisa abaxhasi bobuGqwerha kumazwekazi. Eli butho lidibeneyo lisehlabathini lonke linokwabelana ngemisebenzi emihle, lifake ingcinezelo kwiinkampani kunye noorhulumente bamazwe ngamazwe, libonelele umanyano kumaqela asekuhlaleni kwiimeko zokucinezela. Noko ke, kufuneka kwakhona ahambele ngokwahlukene kwezithethe, ukungalingani kwamandla, kunye nomngcipheko wokugqalwa njengoosomashishini.

Ukubonakala okuthe ngqo noxanduva

Ukuphinda kwakhiwe ukuthembana, uninzi lwengeniso ezingeyonzuzo lumkela ukubonakala okuthe ngqo kwemali, ukuxilonga, kunye nenkcazo. Iimodeli zolawulo ezincedisayo, apho abangeneli nabahlali banamandla okwenza izigqibo, zifumana igalelo. Iinkqubo zeCrective kunye nemigaqo-siseko yendlela yokuziphatha zinceda ukwahlula ii-CSO zobunyani kumaqela angaphambili.

Ukuxhasa Iinkokeli Neendidi Ezahlukahlukeneyo

Ingeniso ayivumi ukuba impumelelo yabo ixhomekeke kwiinguqu zamaqela abo kunye neebhodi. Ngokuquka ukhokelo oluquka uhlanga, ubufanasini, udidi, ijografi, kunye nokukhubazeka . Zizisa iingxaki ezingcono neziphuculayo. Iinkqubo ezinika ingcebiso ezinika ingcebiso ezingca, zikhuthaza ulungelelwano lobomi bomsebenzi, kwaye zinika imbuyekezo yokhuphiswano zibalulekile ekwakheni umsebenzi ozinzileyo.

Ekuqukumbeleni, ibutho labantu eligunyaziswe kukunikezelwa kwengeniso, amaqela oluntu, kunye namatsha - ntliziyo, kuhlala kungumqulu obalulekileyo woluntu olulawulwa yidemokhrasi. Yibala apho abemi bazibanga bekwiziko labo, bechaza imilinganiselo yabo, kwaye bebonke bebumba ihlabathi abafuna ukuhlala kulo. Ngokuqonda imisebenzi yabo, ngokuxhasa ukuphuhliswa kwabo, nokukhusela indawo yabo ekungeneleni, siqinisekisa ukuba amazwi abaninzi, kungekhona nje anamandla, avakala kwiphulo eliqhubekayo lokwakha ikamva elinobulungisa nelizinzileyo.