Your Citizen’s Guide to the Three Branches of Government and Their Functions

Understanding the structure of the government is essential for active citizenship. The United States government is divided into three branches: the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial. Each branch has distinct powers and responsibilities to ensure a balance of power.

The Legislative Branch

The Legislative Branch is responsible for making laws. It is composed of two chambers: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Together, they draft, debate, and pass legislation that affects the country.

Members of Congress represent the interests of their constituents and work on issues such as the economy, education, and national security. The Legislative Branch also has the power to approve budgets and declare war.

The Executive Branch

The Executive Branch is headed by the President, who enforces laws passed by Congress. The President has the authority to sign bills into law or veto them. The Vice President and the Cabinet support the President in various functions.

This branch manages foreign policy, national defense, and federal agencies. The President also serves as the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.

The Judicial Branch

The Judicial Branch interprets laws and ensures they are applied fairly. It is led by the Supreme Court, which has the authority to review laws and executive actions for constitutionality.

Lower courts handle cases related to federal laws, disputes between states, and other legal matters. The Judicial Branch acts as a check on the powers of the Legislative and Executive branches.