Table of Contents
Understanding how Congress operates is essential for following legislative processes. This guide explains the structure of congressional sessions and how votes are conducted within the U.S. Congress.
Congressional Sessions
Congressional sessions are periods during which Congress meets to conduct its legislative business. Each Congress lasts two years, divided into two sessions. The first session begins in January of odd-numbered years, and the second session starts the following year.
Sessions can be extended or recessed by Congress. Special sessions may also be called by the President in extraordinary circumstances.
How Votes Are Conducted
Votes in Congress determine the passage of legislation, amendments, or other legislative actions. Members vote either in person or via electronic systems, depending on the chamber and circumstances.
There are several types of votes, including voice votes, division votes, and recorded votes. Recorded votes are documented and publicly available, showing each member’s position.
Types of Votes
- Voice Vote: Members respond verbally to indicate approval or disapproval.
- Division Vote: Members physically divide into groups to vote, often used when the result of a voice vote is unclear.
- Recorded Vote: Each member’s vote is recorded and published.