Indawo yomsebenzi ayiseyona ifanela encane elawulwa isigaba sesizukulwane esisodwa senkathi eyodwa. Abantu abaphila isikhathi eside, abathatha umhlala-phantsi kamuva, nezizukulwane ezisencane abasebenza ngamabomu, izinhlangano namuhla zinezine cishe zenza izizukulwane ezinhlanu ngaphansi kophahla olulodwa olungokoqobo noma olungokomzimba. Lokhu kushintsha kwenani labantu abazalwayo kuphoqelela abakhi bemithetho, abaholi be-HR, nabaqondisi ukuba bahlole kabusha imithetho, imithetho, nezimiso zamasiko okuvikela izisebenzi ekucwaseni ngeminyaka. Umbuzo awusekho ukuthi inkathi yobudala ikhona yini, kodwa ukuthi izisekelo zethu zamanje zihlomele ukusingatha ubunkimbinkimbi bemisebenzi yobudala obulingana neminyaka.

Imishini Yokuhlola Izimo Esheshayo

Ngokwe-Bureau of Labor Statistics yase-U.S., ingxenye yezisebenzi ezineminyaka engu-55 nangaphezulu kulindeleke ukuba ikhule kusukela ku-23% ngo-2020 kuya cishe ku-25% ngo-2030. Okwamanje, izisebenzi ezineminyaka engu 25-544 kuyancipha njengesilinganiso sengqikithi yezisebenzi. Ngo-2034, amaMelika aneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu ayoba ngamaphesenti angaphansi kwengu-18 emlandweni. Lokhu akusona nje isimo sobuzwe sase-U.S./8, eJapane, e-Italy, kanye namanye amazwe amaningi athuthukile abhekene iminyaka efana.

Lokhu kusho ukuthini emsebenzini ovamile? Kusho ukuthi unjiniyela oneminyaka engu-65 ubudala kungenzeka usebenza kanye nonyaka ka-22 ubudala, ngamunye oletha amathemba ahlukene, okuhlangenwe nakho, nezindlela zokuxhumana. Ubude bemisebenzi buyanda; abantu abaningi manje basebenza baze bafinyelele eminyakeni engu-60 noma engu-70 ngokuthanda noma ngesidingo. Ngasikhathi sinye, izisebenzi ezisencane zingena empucukweni exeshisweni yezibalo nemibono emisha. Ithuba lokudlula kwenkathi yenkathi ye - synergy likhulu, kodwa ingozi yokungavumelani nokwehla kwenkathi eqinile uma isivikelo sihlala siqinile ngokwezimo eziphelelwe isikhathi.

Imisebenzi Yamanje Engokomthetho: Ingabe Iyahambisana?

E-United States, isisekelo sokuvikela ukucwasa ngeminyaka yi-Age Discrimination in Obster Act (ADEA) ka-1967, njengoba ilungisiwe. I-ADEA inqabela ukucwaswa kwabantu abaneminyaka engu-40 nangaphezulu ekuqashweni, ekukhushulisweni, ekukhushulweni, ekukhokhelweni, ekukhokhelweni, nasekukhokhelweni, nasezimweni noma ezingezinye izimo zomsebenzi. Isebenza kubaqashi abaneziqeshane ezingu-20 noma ngaphezulu, kuhlanganise nohulumeni, nohulumeni bendawo. I-Accompatemplity Opportunity Commission (EOcrence) iyinhlangano eyinhloko ye-otation ye-ADEA.

Nokho, i-ADEA inezikhala eziphawulekayo. Ayivikeli izisebenzi ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-40, okusho ukuthi izisebenzi ezisencane ezibhekene nokucwaswa kweminyaka ngenxa yokukhushulwa ngenxa "encane"(_________azinakho ishende likahulumeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ADEA inendinganiso eqinile kuneminye imithetho emelene nokucwasana: abasebenzi abachazi-mthetho kumelwe bafakazele ukuthi iminyaka yobudala yayiyimbangela yesenzo esinzima, hhayi nje isici esishukumisayo. Lokhu kudala isilinganiso esiphakeme sokusho okungokomthetho.

Imithetho kahulumeni ngezinye izikhathi igcwalisa lezindawo eziyizikhala. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Fair Works and Hospital Act yase California ihlanganisa iminyaka yonke, kuhlanganise nangaphansi kwe-40, iNew York ne-New Jersey inezivikelo ezifanayo. Kodwa umthetho wemisebenzi ehlanganisa iziqeshana udala ukudideka kwabaqashi bezifunda eziningi futhi ushiya izisebenzi eziningi zingavikelekile kuye ngegunya.

Isivikelo sezwe lonke siyahlukahluka kakhulu. I-European Union’s Ecompality Directive (2000/78/EC) inqabela ukucwaswa kweminyaka yobudala kuzo zonke izifundazwe ezingamalungu, okuhlanganisa kokubili izisebenzi ezisezincane nezikhulile. UMthetho we-United Kingdom we-Magadenti ye-Masature 2010 ngokufanayo uvikela ekucaciseni ngeminyaka, nakuba ingenazo izimvume zokungadingi izimfuneko zangempela zokusebenza. Amazwe anjengeJapane ne-South Korea amise imithetho elawula ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ekhuphulwa kancane kancane kancane, kodwa ukukhula kwempucuko kuyaqhubeka kugxile kakhulu.

Izinselele Eziyinhloko Emsebenzini Owuhlobo Oluhlukahlukene

Izinguquko zezibalo ziye zaveza izinselele eziningana ezihlukile. Lezi akuzona nje izimpikiswano ezingokomthetho, kodwa ziyizinkinga ezisebenzayo nezingokwesiko ezingalimaza umkhiqizo, ukuziphatha, nokuzigcina umatasa.

Izinhlobo Zeminyaka Eqhubekayo

Naphezu kwamashumi eminyaka okuqeqeshwa okumelene nokucwasana, ukubheka izisebenzi ezikhulile ngendlela ehlukile kuyaqhubeka. Imibono evamile ihlanganisa ukuthi izisebenzi esezikhulile azikwazi ukushintsha, azikhiqizi kakhulu, zibiza kakhulu ngenxa yezindleko eziphezulu zezempilo, futhi azikhululeki kakhulu ngobuchwepheshe. Ngokuphambene, izisebenzi ezisencane zingabhekwa njengezithi zinelungelo, ukungathembeki, noma ezingenakho ukwahlulela kochwepheshe. Lokhu kucwasana kuthonya izinqumo zokuqasha, ukuhlaziya, ngisho nokuhlola kweqembu ngokwethukela. Ukuhlolwa kwe-2023 AAARP kwathola ukuthi izisebenzi ezindala ezicishe zibe ngu- 78% eziye zabhekana nobandlululo noma zabona ubandlululo emsebenzini.

Igebe Lobuchwepheshe Nemfundo Eqhubekayo

Ukuguqulwa ngokushesha kwemisebe ye-minucs kuye kwadala umehluko ovame ukusetshenziselwa ukuthethelela ukucwaswa kobudala. Izisebenzi ezindala ezingakhulanga nge-inthanethi noma nge-website yezokuxhumana zingathatha isikhathi eside ukujwayela i-software entsha noma amapulatifomu. Nokho, leligebe livame ukuqiniswa. Izisebenzi eziningi ezindala zibonisa amandla amakhulu amanani, futhi umbono wokuthi ikhono lezobuchwepheshe elihambisana nokukhula liyiphutha kakhulu. Inselele yangempela akukona ukukhula kodwa ukufinyelela ukuqeqeshelwa. Izinhlangano ezifaka imali ekwazini ukufunda nokubulala zonke izisebenzi zingalivala ngokushesha. Labo abangalahlekelwa ulwazi olubalulekile.

Ukungezwani Kwezizukulwane Nezindlela Zokukhulumisana

Izizukulwane ezihlukahlukene ziletha ukuxhumana okungafani .email vs. Imiyalezo esheshayo, ubuso nobuso obubhekene no-v. Ukuhamba komsebenzi okusheshayo. Uma lokhu kungaqondakali, ukukhuhlana kungavela. Ngokwesibonelo, umphathi ovula umntwana angase achaze umyalezo wesisebenzi esivamile esinguGen Z njengowedelelayo, kuyilapho isisebenzi siwubheka njengowenza kahle. Lokhu kucindezeleka, uma kungashiywa kungabekwa icala lobudala noma ubutha. Isinqumo esinempikiswano nezinhlelo zokunikeza usizo kungane nohlelo lokuqeda isizukulwane singayinciphisa lento.

Ukuvumelana Nezimo Nokuhlala Kudinga Iminyaka Engalé Kwenkathi

Umsebenzi ovamile owenziwe kude nowe-ovalue, kodwa akuwona wonke amaqembu amadala adinga ukuvumelana. Izisebenzi esezikhulile zingadinga indawo yokuhlala ngenxa yezimo zempilo, kuyilapho izisebenzi ezisencane zingayazisa inkululeko yendawo. Inqubo eyodwa yenzuzo ingakhetha ngaphandle kokuqonda. Isibonelo, ifuna ukuba zonke izisebenzi zibe sehhovisi izinsuku ezinhlanu ngesonto zingathinta ngokungalinganisi izisebenzi ezindala ezidinga ukumiswa kwezempilo noma ukunakekelwa. Ngokufanayo, zicabanga ukuthi izisebenzi ezincane kuphela ezifuna umsebenzi owenziwe kude zingalulaza ikhono lasebekhulile abanokwazisa.

Izingozi Eziqubukayo: Ukucwaswa Kwemithetho Yomthetho - sisekelo

Enye yezindawo eziphuthuma kakhulu nezingalawuleki kakhulu zokucwasa kobudala ukusetshenziswa kokuhlakanipha kokwenziwa (AI) nokusetshenziswa ngemishini ekuqasheni, ekuhlolweni, nasekukhushulweni. I-alkholimolithi eziqeqeshwe ngemininingwane engokomlando ivame ukufana nobandlululo olukhona. Ngokwesibonelo, uma inkampani yangaphambili iqasha iphumelela kakhulu ekusebenziseni kwayo iminyaka engu-30, isimiso se-AII singafunda ukuqeda izikhangiso ezindala. Le "algorithmicism" ingasebenza ngokungabonakali, ngaphandle kwenhloso yomuntu yokucwasa. I-EOC ikhiphe isiqondiso sokusetshenziswa kwe-AI ezinqumweni zemisebenzi, igcizelela ukuthi i-Title VII ne-ADE ingafunda ngisho nalapho ukucwa kwezimoto kubangelwa yisimiso sokuzimo esenziwe. Nokho, abaqashi abaningi bangasebenza ngendlela enzima futhi abangakwazi ukuphatha kahle ngenxa yenkathi yabo yokulawula.

Umbono Wembulunga Yonke: Izifundo Ezivela Kwamanye Amazwe

Nakuba i-U.S. ine-ADEA, amanye amazwe anikeza ezinye izingcebiso. EFinland, abaqashi kudingeka bahlele ukuthatha isilinganiso seminyaka yobudala njengengxenye yezibopho zempilo nezokuphepha. EJapane, i-Act on Reconfiction of Studing of Eldern Person ikhuthaza izimboni ukuphakamisa iminyaka yomhlalaphansi noma ukuthatha umhlalaphansi. Iziqondiso ze-European Union zinqabela ukucwasa ngokuqondile nokungaqondile ubudala, futhi amanye amalungu ezwe aye aqhubekela phambili ngokuvimbela ukuthatha umhlala-phansi okusekelwe ebudaleni obusekelwe ebudaleni ngaphandle kwezimo ezilinganiselwe kakhulu.

I-South Korea, enezisebenzi ezihamba phambili emhlabeni wonke, yamisa umthetho ngo-2016 onqabela ukucwaswa kobudala ekuqashweni, kodwa ukugcinwa kwemithetho kusebuthaka futhi kuyaqhubeka kunesimo sobudala somphakathi. Lezi zibonelo zomhlaba wonke zibonisa ukuthi isivikelo esingokomthetho sodwa asinele; ushintsho lwempucuko nokugcinwa kwamandla nakho kubalulekile ngokufanayo.

Inkinga Yebhizinisi Yokuwohloka Kweminyaka

Ngaphandle kokuvumelana nokuziphatha, ukuhlukahluka kobudala kuyinzuzo ephambili. Ukucwaninga okuningi, kuhlanganise nokucwaninga okuvela ku-Mckilinsey, kubonisa ukuthi amaqembu ahlukene phakathi kweminyaka asungula kakhulu futhi angcono ekwenzeni izinqumo. Izisebenzi ezindala ziletha ulwazi, ukuqina, nokuxhumana kwenethiwekhi; izisebenzi ezisencane ziletha imibono emisha nokwehla kwemisebe-ntu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho abathengi bekhula, izinkampani ezibonisa isizinda sazo sokuzalana kwabantu zingaziqonda kangcono futhi zizenze zizenze zisebenzise. Ukungazinaki izinhlobonhlobo zeminyaka yobudala zifaka izingozi zokungahlangani nengxenye enkulu nekhulayo yekhasimende (ingxenye ebizwa ngokuthi "isilifer"." ngokwe-[FLT] World EconomForum, amandla embulunga yonke okusebenzisa abantu abaneminyaka engu-60 nangaphezulu kulindeleke ukuba afinyelele ku-R350 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 ngo-2030.

Iziqondiso Zesikhathi Esizayo Zesivikelo Sobandlululo Lweminyaka

Ngenxa yokuthambekela kwenani labantu nezingozi ezivelayo, abenzi bezimiso, abasekeli nabaqashi ababheka phambili baphikisana futhi basebenzisa izindlela eziningana zokuhlola.

Ukwenaba Imithetho Emelene Nezingxabano

Esinye isiphakamiso siwukwehlisa noma ukuqeda isilinganiso seminyaka yokuvikela ngaphansi kwe-ADEA, ukuze zonke izisebenzi zingaba nabudala zivikeleke ekukhetheni okusekelwe ebudaleni. Lokhu kungahlanganisa umthetho wase-U.S. ngokusondelene kakhulu nemithetho ye-EU ne-stade ka-California. Enye indlela ukunezela "uhlobo" njengesici esivikelekile ngaphansi kwemithetho yamalungelo abantu lapho zingakahlanganisiwe khona, futhi ziqinise izimiso zokugcinwa ezinjengalokho okuvumela ukuvinjelwa kwejaji (manje okungekho kwemithetho ye-ADEAAAcodia ecudifid) futhi zinciphise izinga lokulinganisela.

Ukulawula I - al kanye Nokwenza Isinqumo Ngokuzenzekelayo

Abenzi bomthetho bacabangela umthetho odinga abaqashi ukuba bahlole imithetho yabo yokuqasha elimazayo esekelwe ebudaleni, kanye nasebuntwaneni, ebulilini, nasensimweni sokukhubazeka. I-algoric Accounting Act ehlongozwayo e-Accounting Act e-U.S., nakuba ingakadluliswa, amaphuzu aqonde esikhathini esizayo lapho izinkampani zingamelwe zibonise ukuthi izimiso zazo ze-Albham azikhethi. Abaqashi kufanele bathathe ama-a amanani anjalo manje, ngaphambi kokuba baphoqe ukuba bawa.

Ukuthuthukisa Inkathi Yobudala Ehlanganisa Ukuziphatha Kwemisebenzi

Izimiso ezizuzisa izizukulwane zonke − njengamalungiselelo omsebenzi avumelanayo, ukufunda ukuphila konke kuncike, kanye nezinhlelo zokunikeza iziluleko zenza izizukulwane − zinganciphisa ukukhuhlana okubangela ukucwasana. Izinhlangano eziningi zithatha "ukufaneleka" ekufakeni izinto zazo zokuzijoyina, ziqokomisa ukuthi zibheka okuhlangenwe nakho njengokuqala. Ezinye zinikeza "imishini yokubuyisela" izisebenzi esezikhulile eziphindela emsebenzini ngemva kokwehlukana komsebenzi.

Izinyathelo Zokuqeqesha Nokuqaphela

Izifundo ze Bias eziqondene ngokuqondile nobudala zihlobana nobuntu obuvamile − futhi zikwenza ngendlela ehlanganisa kokubili ubandlululo lobusha nomdala − lungasiza ekushintsheni indlela yomsebenzi. Nokho, ukuqeqesha kukodwa akwanele ngaphandle kwezinguquko zesimiso. Amakhampani kufanele ahlole futhi izinqubo zawo zokuhlola ukukhula kolimi olungenaluhlangothi, ukususa usuku lokuzalwa ekubukezeni kokuqala, futhi aqinisekise ukuthi amabhodi okuthuthukisa ahlanganisa ukumelela kokweqa.

Ukusekela Ukufunda Nokubulala Ukuphila Konke

Enye yezindlela eziphumelela kakhulu zokulwa nokungavumelani nobuchwepheshe ukunikeza izisebenzi ezineminyaka engamashumi amahlanu amathuba okufunda aqhubekayo. Uma izisebenzi esezikhulile zinikezwa amathuba afanayo okubulala njengezisebenzi ezisencane, igebe lobuchwepheshe elinciphileyo, nokuwohloka. Abanye ohulumeni banikeza izisusa zentela kubaqashi abafaka izimali ekubulaleni izinhlelo zezisebenzi ezingaphezulu kuka-50. [[FLT]] Soety for Human Resource Management (SRM)[FLM] itusa ukusungula impucuko yokufunda lapho iminyaka yobudala ingawafaneleki amathuba okuthuthukisa.

Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zezinhlangano Manje

Nakuba kungase kuthathe iminyaka eminingi ukushintsha kwemithetho, abaqashi bangathatha izinyathelo ezingokoqobo namuhla zokunciphisa ukucwasana ngokobudala futhi bakhe isiko lobudlwangudlwangu:

  • Imikhuba yokuthola i-audit: Sebenzisa umboniso ongabonakali (izinsuku zokuthweswa iziqu kanye neminyaka yokuhlangenwe nakho). Qinisekisa ukuthi izincazelo zomsebenzi azisebenzisi ulimi olubhalwe ngokulandelanayo njengo "kwendabuko" noma "uhlelo olufanele" olungabonisa ukukhomba ngokuphelele abasanda kubhapathizwa.
  • ihlola indlela yokuphatha:[ Amamenenja aqeqeshela ukuhlaziya amakhono nemiphumela, hhayi ama-state ahlobene nobudala. Ukwenza nge-intshi ukuze kufezeke imiphumela.
  • idala amaqembu ahlanganisayo: Ukuxuba iminyaka yobudala eqenjini lemisebenzi ngamabomu ukukhuthaza ukudluliswa kolwazi nokunciphisa ubuzwe.
  • I-ffer yomsebenzi ovumelanayo kubo bonke: Izimiso zokuhlela ezivumela ukunakekela, umhlala-phansi osuqeshiwe, nezidingo zempilo, ngaphandle kokucula noma iliphi isigaba sobudala.
  • [ Inkathi ehlukene yobudala: Sebenzisa ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi ukuqokomisa iminikelo evela kuzisebenzi zabo bonke ubudala, futhi faka iminyaka yobudala emazwini akho okuhlukahluka.
  • i-Esttablish ishadi elicacile lokubika:[ yenza kube lula ngezisebenzi ukubika ubandlululo lobudala ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuphindisela, futhi zithathe izikhalo ngokungathi sína.

Isiphetho: Indlela Esheshayo, Enemidanti Eminingi

Ikusasa lokucwasa ngeminyaka ngeke lilolongwe yimithetho emisha noma izinqumo zenkantolo. Kuyonqunywa indlela abaqashi, izisebenzi, abakhi bemithetho, namaqembu okuphatha abambisana ngayo ukusingatha izimbangela eziyinhloko zobandlululo lobudala. Izisebenzi zakusasa zilapha namuhla “zikhulile, zincane, futhi zihlukene kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. Ukuvikela zonke izisebenzi kusukela enkathini yobudala akuyona nje imfuneko engokomthetho nengokokuziphatha kodwa i-ogcustocts ekwazi ukuveza ngokugcwele amandla emisebenzi eminingi. Izinhlangano ezimukela leliqiniso manje ziyohlonyiselwa kangcono ukuba zikhange, zigcine, futhi zisebenzise ikhono elinamandla kunanini ngaphambili.

Ukuze ifunde ngokuqhubekayo, i-U.S.Aumed Opportunity Commission inikeza imithombo ebanzi eMthethweni wezemisebenzi i-Agegestion ku-Act, futhi i-AARP ikhipha umbiko ngokulinganayo ngokucwasa kwabantu emsebenzini [[ onokuqonda okusebenzayo kubaqashi nezisebenzi.