Ithonya Elikhula Kakhulu Lezigebengu

Ukuqonda imiphumela yezinkolelo zobugebengu kubalulekile kokubili kubafundi nakothisha abahamba ngemithetho. Irekhodi lobugebengu aligcini nje ngokubhala iphutha elidlule i-̬ lidala izithiyo ezihlala njalo ezithinta umsebenzi, izindlu, amalungelo omphakathi, nobuhlobo bomuntu siqu. Isimiso somthetho esihlobene nalemiphumela siyinkimbinkimbi futhi sihlukahluka kakhulu ngokulawula, kodwa izindlela ezithile zikhona kulo lonke elase-United States. Lesi sihloko sinikeza umbono obanzi walemiphumela, sinikeza ukuhlolisisa okuphelele kwemiphumela yayo phakathi kwesimiso somthetho nangalé kwayo.

Izinhlobo Zokukholelwa Kwezigebengu

Izinkolelo zezigebengu zihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezibonisa ubukhulu becala. Ukuhlelwa ngakunye kunezijeziso ezingokomthetho ezihlukene kanye nemiphumela emide. Ukuqonda lezi zigaba kuyisisekelo sokuqonda imiphumela ebanzi elandela ukuqiniseka.

Amaphutha

Ama-mismeor amelela amacala amancane kakhulu abangela ukukhokhwa, ukulingwa, inkonzo yomphakathi, noma ukuboshwa isikhashana ejele lendawo. Izibonelo ezivamile zihlanganisa ukweba okuncane, ukuhlasela okulula, ukuziphatha okungahleleki, nokwekuqala ukulahlwa kwe-DUI. Nakuba amaphutha engathi sína kakhulu kunecala elibi, asenzi umlando wobugebengu ohlala njalo emazweni amaningi, ongavela phakathi nokuhlola kwesizinda iminyaka eminingi. Izikhathi eziningi zokuvalelwa kwejele ngenxa yephutha ngokuvamile zingaphansi konyaka owodwa, futhi izifunda eziningi zinikeza izinhlelo zokuzijezisa ezivumela izephulamthetho zokuqala ukuba zigweme ukuqiniseka ngokuphelele.

Imikhosi

Imikhosi iwuhlobo lobugebengu olungathi sína kakhulu futhi ihlanganisa amacala anjengokubulala, ukuhlasela ngokobulili, ukuphanga ngezikhali, ukushushumbisa izidakamizwa, kanye nebhetri elikhudlwana. Ukukholelwa kwezindawo zombango kunezijeziso ezinzima, kuhlanganise nokuboshwa ejele likahulumeni noma uhulumeni isikhathi esingaphezu konyaka, amafa amaningi, futhi kwezinye izindawo, isigwebo sokufa. Ngaphandle kwesigwebo samanje, ukukhohliswa ngecala kubangela imiphumela ephawulekayo, kuhlanganise nokulahlekelwa kwamalungelo okuvota, imingcele yokuthola izibhamu, imingcele yemisebenzi yemisebenzi yezemisebenzi eminingi. Imibiko yemizwa engathi sína ayivamile iyafaneleka ngokungena njalo ngenxa yokuzigwebo, futhi ezifundeni eziningi, ihlala ifinyeleleka abaqashi, abanikazi, izimpahla, nezintwala.

Iziphazamiso

Ukuphulwa kwemithetho okuncane, okuhilela ukuphulwa kwecala lezimoto, ukungcoliswa kwezindawo noma ukukhokhwa kwemithetho esemthethweni. Lokhu akubhekwa njengecala lobugebengu ngomqondo ongokwesiko futhi ngokuvamile kuphumela ekuhlawulweni ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuboshwa. Iziphazamiso azinamiphumela efana neyokukhohlakala noma ukuphamba, futhi ngokuvamile aziveli ezinhlolweni ezivamile zobugebengu. Nokho, ukuhluleka ukukhokha imali ehlawulweni noma ukuvela enkantolo ngenxa yecala kungakhula kube yicala lobugebengu, kuholele ekutholeni ukugunyaza noma ukujeziswa okungaphezulu.

Imiphumela Engokomthetho Yokukholelwa Kwezigebengu

Izijeziso ezingokomthetho ezibekwa izinkantolo zakha ungwengwezi olubonakala kakhulu lwemiphumela yezephulamthetho. Lezijeziso zihlanganiswa ngemithetho yombuso neyombuso futhi zisetshenziswa ngokusekelwe esimweni secala, ummangalelwa u-̱ umlando wobugebengu, kanye nesinqumo somahluleli ogwetshwayo.

Ukuboshwa

Ukunqanyulwa kuhlala kuyisijeziso esivame kakhulu emacaleni angathi sína. Kuye ngecala elikhulu nobukhulu bobugebengu, ukuboshwa kungayenzeka ejele lendawo (ngokuvamile ngenxa yephutha) noma ijele likahulumeni (ngenxa yeze-felonies). Isigwebo singaqala cishe izinsuku kuya ekuphileni, futhi kwezinye izimo, izigwebo eziningi zingaba khona ngokulandelanayo, zinwebe isikhathi esiphelele esisebenzayo. I-United States inezinga elithile lokuboshwa eliphakeme kakhulu emhlabeni, cishe nabantu abayizigidi ezingu-1, ababoshwe ejele noma ababoshwe ejele [[FLT].[FLT] [1].[1] Njenge 2023]. Ukuboshwa ngokwako ngokwako kungaveza imiphumela edlula ukulahlekelwa yinkululeko, kuhlanganise nokuhlukaniswa komkhaya, ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi, nokukhucululwa kwendawo ezungezile, futhi ukuvuleka, okungalingana nokulinganiselwa ekuvalelwa kwe-ivom.

Ukuzitika Nokukhululwa Okukhulu

I-propation inikeza enye indlela yokuboshwa, ivumela abantu ukuba bahlale emphakathini ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwenkantolo. Izimo zokulingwa zingahlanganisa ukubika njalo kumphathi ohlolwayo, ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa, ukugadwa kwemishini, ukubekwa kwesikhathi sohambo, nemingcele evimbela ukuthatha uhambo noma ukuhlangana. Ukuphula izimo zokulingwa kungaphumela ekuncipheni nasekufakweni kwesigwebo sokuqala sejele. Ukukhululwa kwe-Federal, okulandela isikhathi sokuboshwa, kusebenza ngendlela efanayo futhi kuthwale izimo zakho. Nakuba ukugada kugwema umonakalo osheshayo wokuboshwa, kusenemingcele ebalulekile yenkululeko yomuntu siqu futhi kungaba nzima ukuqedela ngokuphumelelayo, ikakhulukazi kubantu ngabanye ngaphandle kwezindawo zokuhlala noma umsebenzi.

Imali Ehle Neyobufebe

Isijeziso sezentengo siyingxenye ejwayelekile yokugwetshwa kwecala lobugebengu. Amafa akhokhelwa umbuso njengesijeziso secala, kuyilapho ukukhokhwa kukhokhelwa ngokuqondile izisulu ukuze kukhokhelwe ukulahlekelwa okungokwezimali okubangelwa ubugebengu. Ukubuyiselwa kungahlanganisa izindleko zezokwelapha, umonakalo wempahla, iholo elilahlekile, nezinye izindleko ezibonakalayo. Ukwehluleka ukukhokha izinkokhiso noma ukukhokha kungaholela ekubekelweni isigwebo esikhudlwana, ukukhokhelwa iholo, noma ngisho nokufakwa ezikhundleni ezithile. Ukunqwabelana kwezikweleti ezingokomthetho kungathinta abantu abaphansi kakhulu, kubangele umjikelezo wokuntenga kwezimali okwenza kube nzima ukuphinde ungene emphakathini.

Inkonzo Yomphakathi Nezigwebo Ezihlukile

Izinkantolo eziningi zihlanganisa inkonzo yomphakathi, izinhlelo zokwelapha ngezidakamizwa, amakilasi okulawula intukuthelo, noma iziluleko zezempilo yengqondo ukuze zigwetshwe. Le misho ehlukile ihloselwe ukusingatha izimbangela eziyisisekelo zokuziphatha kobugebengu kuyilapho inciphisa umthwalo emajele. Ukuqedwa kwezinhlelo ezinjalo ngempumelelo ngezinye izikhathi kungaholela ekunciphiseni amacala noma ukuxoshwa kwecala, ikakhulukazi ezinkantolo ezikhethekile ezinjengezinkantolo zezidakamizwa noma izinkantolo zokwelapha ezingochwepheshe. Le misho ehlukile inikeza izindlela zokulungisa ukuthi ukuvalelwa kwecala akudingi isikhathi esingokwesiko, nakuba kusadinga isikhathi nesibopho esiyinhloko esingokwezimali kumuntu ngamunye.

Imiphumela Evelele Yokukholelwa Kwezigebengu

Ngaphandle kwesijeziso esingokomthetho esiqondile, izinkolelo zobugebengu zibangela iqoqo lemiphumela yokuvikela engaqhubeka isikhathi eside ngemva kokuba isigwebo sikhishwe. Lemiphumela ngokuvamile ayibonakali emphakathini kodwa ithonya ngokujulile ukuphila kwabantu ngemibhalo yobugebengu. Uhlu lwezigwebo zeSizwe zeMiphumelo Yokuqiniseka luveza izijeziso ezingaphezu kuka - 40 000 ezihlanganisa amarekhodi obugebengu eUnited States.

Izithiyo Zomsebenzi

Umlando wobugebengu udala izithiyo ezinkulu ekulondolozeni nasekulondolozeni umsebenzi. Abaqashi abaningi babheka isizinda njengengxenye yenqubo yokuqasha, futhi ezinye izinkolelo zingabakhubaza ngokuqondile abazohlolwa, ikakhulukazi izikhundla ekunakekeleni impilo, imfundo, izimali, nohulumeni. I-Eququalial Proclation Bobution Commission[ ikhiphe isiqondiso esivimbela ukuvinjelwa kwabantu abaqashwayo ngemibhalo yobugebengu, kodwa imvume yomqashi ihlala ibanzi ezifundazweni eziningi. Ucwaningo lubonisa njalo ukuthi umbhalo wobugebengu unciphisa amathuba okwamukela umsebenzi wokubuyela emuva nge 50% noma ngaphezulu, ukuhlukanisa okungcono ngisho nangokwezikhalo oluphambili kuMnyama ne-Spenicism. Lokhu kucwa kwezentengo yezentengo yezentengiselwa ezomnotho futhi kwandisa ukuntenga yengozi ye-divid.

Izindlu Nokungabi Nakhaya

Ukuthola izindlu eziqinile kungenye yezinselele eziphuthuma kakhulu kubantu abanezinkolelo zobugebengu. Izikhulu zezindlu zomphakathi zingaphika ukuvunywa noma ukuqedwa kwemisebenzi yobugebengu, futhi abanikazi bezindlu abavamile ukufaka izikhalo zomlando wobugebengu. Umthetho kahulumeni uvumela izinhlangano zezindlu zomphakathi ukuba zikhiphe abantu ababoshelwe emacaleni ahlobene nezidakamizwa noma izimfuneko zokubhaliswa kwabantu abanecala lobulili. Umphumela uwukuthi abantu abaningi ababevalelwe ekugqilazweni komphakathi babhekana nokungabi nakhaya noma kumelwe bahlale ezindlini eziphansi eziphezulu ezisezindaweni ezihlala kuzo. Le ndawo eziphambili zinciphisa impumelelo futhi zakha inzuzo ekhulisa amathuba okuhileleka ekuhlanganyeleni okungokomthetho esikhathini esizayo.

Imingcele Ewuchwepheshe

Amakhulu emisebenzi idinga amalayisense kahulumeni, kuhlanganise nokunakekela, ukufundisa, umthetho, indawo, isayensi yezindawo, nemisebenzi eminingi. Amabhodi amaningi alawulayo anegunya lokuwaphika, lokumisa, noma lokuwachitha asekelwe ezinkolelweni zobugebengu, ngisho noma icala lingahlobene nomsebenzi. Lemithetho ingavimbela abantu ukuba baphume kuyo yonke imisebenzi yabo, bachithe iminyaka yokuqeqesha nemfundo. Inani elikhulayo lamazwe liye lamukela i-“ i-patrun systems arectives, kodwa ijubane lenguquko liyacotha, futhi abantu abaningi basabhekene nokuphika okusekelwe emlandweni wabo wezephulamthetho.

Imiphumela Yokufuduka

Kubantu abangangeni ezinsweni, izinkolelo zobugebengu zinemiphumela enzima kakhulu. Amacala athile abangela ukuboshwa ngempoqo, ukudingiswa, noma ukungavunyelwa ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni wokufuduka. Ngisho nabathumbi bangathola imiphumela yokufuduka, futhi ukumiswa komthetho wobugebengu nokufuduka kungezinye zezindawo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu neziwubuphunguzi bemithetho. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yaqaphela ukuthi ukuxoshwa kuyisijeziso esinzima kakhulu futhi ifuna ukuba abamangalelwa balulekwe ngemiphumela yokufuduka ngaphambi kokuncela icala. Noma kunjalo, inani elingenakubalwa lomthetho libhekene necala elisekelwe ezinkolelweni zobugebengu unyaka ngamunye, ngokuvamile ngenxa yezenzo ezincane.

Imfundo Nosizo Lwabafundi Lwezimali

Inkolelo yobugebengu ingaphazamisa amathuba emfundo. Abafundi ababoshelwe emacaleni ezidakamizwa bangase balahlekelwe ilungelo lokuboleka imali yabo yabafundi futhi bakhokhele ngaphansi koMthetho wezemfundo ophakeme. Amakolishi amaningi namayunivesithi aqhuba izinhlelo ezisekelwe ezikhungweni zomthetho futhi angaphika ukuvuma okusekelwe emlandweni wobugebengu. Ngisho nabafundi ababhalisiwe esikhathini sokuqashelwa bangase babhekane nesenzo sokujeziswa, ukuthunjwa, noma ukuxoshwa. Lemithetho ivimbela enye yezinyathelo ezithembisa kakhulu ezisuka kubumpofu nasemsebenzini ozinzile, ithinta ngokungenakungatshazwa intsha nabantu abanombala.

Ukungavumelani Nobudlelwane Bomkhaya

Ihlazo lomphakathi elihlangene nerekhodi lobugebengu lingalimaza ubuhlobo bomkhaya, abangane, kanye nomphakathi obanzi. Abantu abanomlando bangabhekana nokwahlulela, ukukhishwa, noma ukulahlwa okuqondile ezinhlanganweni zomphakathi. Kubazali, ukukhohliswa kobugebengu kungabangela ukuphenya kwenhlalakahle yabantwana, ukulahlekelwa ilungelo lokuhlala nabantwana, noma ukuqedwa kwamalungelo abazali. IReligion and Safed Families Act imisa isikhathi esingaholela ekunqanyulweni kwamalungelo abazali phakade uma umzali evalelwe izinyanga eziyi 15 noma ngaphezulu. Lemindeni emikhaya inemiphumela ethinta inhlalakahle yezingane, ezibhekana namazinga aphakeme ezinganeni ezingane, izinkinga zobubhayiselo, nokuhileleka kokubusa kobulungisa.

Ithonya Elungelweni Lomphakathi

Ukulahlekelwa yilamalungelo entando yeningi kunezela izijeziso eziphawulekayo kakade ezibekwa isimiso somthetho futhi kwakha isigaba esingaphansi kwamalungelo ezakhamuzi esinciphileyo.

Ukusakaza Amalungelo

Ilungelo lokuvota liyisisekelo sokuthatha isigaba sentando yeningi, kodwa izigidi zamaMelika ziyadilizwa ngenxa yezinkolelo zecala. Ngokwe-] Igunya lokuvota, i- i-Arevolution [[, izigidi ezingu-4,6 zamaMelika ayengakwazi ukuvota ngo-2022] ngenxa yokususa imithetho yezentengiselwano ngenxa yezentengiselwano. Imithetho yokulahla i-fenfrancrences ihluka ngokwesifundazwe: amanye amazwe abuyisela amalungelo okuvota ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho kuqedwa isigwebo, amanye adinga izicelo zokubuyisela, kanti izigaba ezimbalwa zezifundazwe zidinga ukuhlukanisa okuhlala njalo. Lemithetho ithinta ngokungavamile imiphakathi yabansundu, lapho ihlukene ngokwezilinganiso oluphakeme kakhulu kunenani labantu abaningi.

Ukuba Umnikazi Wezikhali Zomlilo Nokuba Nendawo

Umthetho kaFederal wenqabela noma ubani obekwe icala lobugebengu basekhaya bobugebengu obubolile noma obungaqondile bobudlova bezehlakalo zokuphatha izibhamu noma izikhali. Lomthetho uvimbela ukuphila konke ngaphandle kokuba umuntu athole ukuthethelelwa noma abuyiselwe amalungelo akhe ezakhamuzi ngenqubo engokomthetho. UMthetho wokulawula ka-1968 wamisa lemithetho, futhi umthetho olandelayo uye wanweba ukuba bahlanganise abantu abangaphansi kwemithetho evikelayo nalabo abagwetshelwe amacala aphakeme kahulumeni. Imithetho isebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi icala lomuntu linobudlova noma ukuthi uveza izingozi ezithile, yenza ukuvinjelwa okuthinta izigidi zabantu baseMelika.

Inkonzo YaseJury

Abaningi bathi abantu abanezinkomba ezingafaneleki abanezinkomba ezingokomthetho ekukhonzeni emajajini, noma ngokuhlala njalo noma isikhathi esithile ngemva kokuqedwa kwesigwebo sabo. Inkonzo kaJury iyisibopho esilungile nesingokomthetho womphakathi, futhi ukukhipha abantu abanomlando wobugebengu kululaza ukumelelwa kwemikhandlu. Ukucwaninga kusikisela ukuthi abantu abanemibhalo egciniwe yobugebengu baletha imibono ewusizo ekuhlolweni kwezejaji nokuthi ukuhoxa kwabo kunengxenye ekumeleni amaqembu athile ezakhamuzi ezinkantolo. Inani elandayo lamazweni lemithetho iguqula lemithetho ukuze ibuyiselwe imvume yabahluleli ngemva kokuqedwa kwesigwebo.

Izinzuzo Zomphakathi Nosizo

Umthetho we-Federal umisa ukuvinjelwa okuhlala njalo kokwamukela i-Someral Nutrition Application Program (SNAP) ne-Server Aredition for Nery Families (TANF) izinzuzo kubantu ababoshelwe ukushushumbisa izidakamizwa. Abantu ababoshelwe ukuphatha izidakamizwa babhekana nokuvinjelwa kwesikhashana, nakuba imibuso ingase ikhethe noma ilungise lemithetho enqatshelwayo. Ukungafunwa komphakathi kubangela ubunzima obengeziwe kubantu ababuyela emphakathini, abaningi babo abanamathemba alinganiselwe emisebenzini kanye nemithombo embalwa yezimali. Ukuhlobana phakathi kwezinkolelo zezidakamizwa nemingcele ezuzisayo kuye kwagxekwa ngenxa yokuqeda ubumpofu nokuncithamisa imizamo yokunga.

Izindlela Zokuthola Ukubuyiselwa Nokubuyiselwa Kwemindeni Ngokomthetho

Nakuba imiphumela yezinkolelo zobugebengu inzima, isimiso somthetho sinikeza abantu izindlela eziningana zokubekela izinkolelo zabo inselele, ukunciphisa izigwebo zabo, noma ukucacisa imibhalo yabo.

Ukukhanga

Inqubo yokudlulisa izicelo ivumela abantu ukuba baphikise isiqinisekiso sabo noma isigwebo enkantolo ephakeme. Izigwebo zokudlulisa icala zingahlanganisa amaphutha angokomthetho enziwa phakathi nokuqulwa kwecala, usizo olungaphumeleli lweseluleko, ubufakazi obusanda kutholwa, noma ukwephulwa komthetho-mthetho. Izikhalo ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zithatha isikhathi esiqinile, futhi zinezikhawu eziqinile zokufaka isikhathi sokufaka izicelo. Izikhalo eziningi aziphumeleli, futhi izinga lokuzihlola alibekeli phansi kakhulu enkantolo enkantolo yokuqulwa. Noma kunjalo, ukunxusa okuphumelelayo kungaphumela ekutheni izinkolelo ziyadilizwa, imigwebo incishisiwe, noma ukubekwa kwecala elisha kuyayalwa. Izinkantolo zifeza indima ebalulekile ekulungiseni umthetho wobugebengu nokuqinisekisa ukuthi abamangalelwayo bathola ukwelashwa ngokulunga.

Ukufihlwa Nokuqoshwa Kwamarekhodi

Ukuzifihla kuvumela abantu ukuba bavalwe noma babhujiswe amarekhodi abo obugebengu, basuse ngokuphumelela ukukhokhwa komphakathi. Ukungamukeleki kokukhishwa kwecala kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ngokombuso futhi ngokwesimo somthetho. Amaphutha akulungele ukufaneleka kunezesigebengu, futhi amacala obudlova ngokuvamile awalinganiseki ngokuphelele. Ezinye izizwe zivele zikhiphe amarekhodi athile, kuyilapho amanye afuna ukunxuswa okungokomthetho nokuzwakala enkantolo. Ngisho nalapho ukukhishwa kwemithetho, umbhalo ungatholakala ekwabelweni komthetho, izintambo, izintambo, nabaqashi abathile. Naphezu kwalokhu kulinganiselwa, ukulahlwa kwemisebenzi ezindaweni ezithile kungathuthukisa kakhulu imisebenzi kanye namathemba okuhlala abantu ngabanye ngemibhalo emincane.

AmaPardon

Ukuxolelwa kuyisenzo sokuthethelela esiphethe esithethelela icala lobugebengu futhi sibuyisele amalungelo athile omphakathi. Umbusi wezwe noma uMongameli wase-United States unikezwa imvume yokuthethelela, kuye ngokuthi icala lingumbuso noma uhulumeni. Inqubo yokuthethelela iwubuhlakani kakhulu futhi ayinikezwanga. Abaphathi kumelwe babonise ukuvuselelwa, inkonzo yomphakathi, nenkathi yokuvimbela umthetho ngokulandela ukuqiniseka kwabo. Intethelelo ayiwususi umlando wobugebengu kodwa isusa imiphumela ethile yecala, ikakhulukazi leyo ehlobene namalungelo omphakathi. Intethelelo inikeza ukuphepha kwecala lapho isimiso somthetho siveze imiphumela engalungile noma enzima kakhulu.

Izimiso Zokwahlulela Ezilandelanayo

Ubulungisa obubuyiselayo bugcizelela ukulungisa umonakalo obangelwa ubugebengu ngokuthembisana ngokuqondile phakathi kwezigebengu, izisulu, nomphakathi. Izinhlelo zingahlanganisa ukubuyisela izisulu, ukuhlanganisa izikhungo zokulungisa, noma ukunikeza imvume yomphakathi. Abahlanganyeli bathatha icala ngezenzo zabo, balalele ithonya lokuziphatha kwabo kwabanye, futhi basebenzele ukulungisa. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi ukulungisa izinhlelo zobulungisa kunganciphisa ukwaneliseka, futhi kukhuthaze ukulandisa ngezindlela ezingavumelani nesijeziso esingokwesiko. Nakuba ukubuyisela ubulungisa kungafanelekile kuzo zonke izindaba, kunikeza ukulungiswa okuhlukile okuhambisana nesijeziso esiphilisayo.

Izinhlelo zokuvula kabusha nezinkonzo zokusekela

Ukushintsha kwenqubo yokuboshwa kusuka ekuphileni komphakathi kungenye yezinkathi eziyinselele kakhulu kubantu abanezinkolelo zobugebengu. Izinhlelo zobungane zinikeza usizo lwezindlu, ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi, ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa, ukusetshenziswa kabi kwezifo zengqondo, kanye nokuphathwa kwezezimo. I-Centrance Act, yaqala ukudlula ngo- 2008 futhi yavunyelwa eminyakeni eyalandela, inikeza izimali ezingokomthetho zezinhlelo zokubuyisela ubugebengu ezweni lonke. Izinhlelo eziphumelelayo zinciphisa ukuvuselelwa kwezindawo zomphakathi futhi zithuthukise imiphumela yabantu ngabanye, imikhaya, nemiphakathi. Nokho, ifuna lezinkonzo zidlula kude kakhulu ukuthunyelwa, futhi abantu abaningi bashiya iposi elincane elinohlu lwezinombolo zocingo.

Ithonya Elibanzi Lesimiso Sezokuziphilisa

Imiphumela yezinkolelo zobugebengu idlulela ngalé komuntu ukuze ithinte imikhaya, imiphakathi, nomphakathi obanzi. Ukuboshwa kwemfuyo kuye kwaguqula ukuphila kwaseMelika ngezindlela ezijulile, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini efinyele kakhulu nasemiphakathini enemiphakathi empofu nemibala egqamile. I-United States ichitha imali eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-80 [ ngonyaka, imali engaqondiswa emfundweni, ekunakekeleni impilo, izindlu, nezinye izinkonzo zomphakathi. Imiphumela echazwayo ichazwa phakathi kwalesi sihloko ithuthukisa imijikelezo yobumpofu kanye nokuhlenga ukuphepha komphakathi kunokuba ilethe ukukuthuthukisa.

Imizamo yokulungisa emazingeni ombuso nohulumeni iye yathuthuka eminyakeni yamuva. Imibuso eminingi iye yamisa imithetho yokunciphisa imiphumela eqinisekile yezinkolelo, kuhlanganise nokuvinjelwa kwebhokisi ezimisweni zemisebenzi, ukukhuliswa kwemvume, nokuvuselelwa kwamalungelo okuvota. I-Fair Chance Act kahulumeni inqabela abakhi bomthetho ukuba babuze ngomlando wobugebengu ngaphambi kokuba benze umsebenzi olinganiselwe. Lezi zinguquko zibonisa ukuqaphela okukhulayo ukuthi imiphumela yezinkolelo zobugebengu kufanele ilinganiswe, iphinde isetshenziswe, futhi igxile ekulondekeni komphakathi kunokuba igxile ekutholeni isijeziso esihlala njalo.

Isiphetho

Izinkolelo zobugebengu zinemiphumela ephawulekayo engokomthetho neyomuntu siqu edlula kude kakhulu enkantolo. Kusukela ekuboshweni nasemalini elawula lemiphumela kuya ekuvinjelweni kwemisebenzi, ukucwaswa kwemisebenzi, ukulahlekelwa amalungelo omphakathi, kanye nehlazo lomphakathi, imiphumela yecala ingahlala isikhathi eside. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlobana kubalulekile kubafundisi, abafundi, ochwepheshe bezomthetho, nanoma ubani owenziwe inqubo yobulungisa. Umthetho olawula lemiphumela uyashintsha, kodwa inguquko enengqondo idinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwemiphumela yabantu yemibhalo yobugebengu kanye nesibopho sokwakha isimiso esihambisana nokulandisa ngethuba lokuhlengwa.