Ukuqonda Imithetho Yomlilo Yasendaweni Nokuvikela Ikhaya Lakho

Unyaka ngamunye, imililo yasekhaya ibangela izinkulungwane zezithiyo ezingavinjelwayo nezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi ekulimaleni kwempahla kulo lonke elase-United States. Nakuba izinto zokwakha zanamuhla kanye nemishini yokuphepha iye yanciphisa ingozi ephelele, isivikelo esisodwa esiphumelela kakhulu sihlala siqonda kahle(((kanye) nokuvumelana nemithetho yokucima umlilo wendawo. Lemithetho ayizona izithiyo ezizimele ezizithiyo; ihlelwe ngokucophelela, izindinganiso zemininingwane zempahla ezibonisa izingozi eziqondile zezwe lakho, isimo sezulu, nezakhiwo zomphakathi. Uma unekhaya elilodwa, uhlala endlini ye-condominium, noma uphatha iziteshi ezikhungo zobubili, ilandela lemithetho ewumphumela womehluko phakathi kwesehlakalo oluncane nenhlekelele. Lesiqondiso esinwendisiwe siyokuhamba kule ndaba, okungenzeka ukuthi kungani ubhekene nezindlela futhi uhlale ugwebe ngokomthetho ekhaya lakho.

Ukubaluleka Kwemithetho Yomlilo Yendawo

Izimiso zokuphepha ngomlilo ziye zavela ngokuphawulekayo phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ngokuvamile ezibhalwe ngemva kokuqhuma okubulalayo okudalula amagebe anzima ekuklameni nasekulungiseni. Izimiso zokucisha umlilo zendawo zifeza imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile edlula ukugcinwa komthetho.

Ingozi Yokuncishiswa Ngezindinganiso Ezivamile

Ngokungafani nesimiso esisodwa esinesilinganiso sesizwe esinemithetho ehleliwe, imithetho yendawo iveza izingozi zendawo. Ezindaweni ezishisayo ze-prane eCalifornia, iColorado, noma i-Australia, imithetho ilawula imithombo ye-meber-resistant, izisekelo zokufulela, kanye nendawo engabonakali. Ezikhungweni eziminyene zasemadolobheni njenge New York City noma Chicago, imithetho igxile ekuhlaliseni izakhiwo, i-eregnol, nebanga phakathi kwezakhiwo lokuvimbela ukuvutha umlilo. Izindawo zasezindaweni zasemaphandleni zivame ukugcizelela imithombo yamanzi efinyelelekayo nobubanzi bemigwaqo yemoto ukuze kungene imoto. Lezi zimfuneko zendawo zisekelwe ekwenzeni okungoko mlando nezingozi zengozi ekwenziwe yi-odvity of comgators &817; ihhovisi.

Ukuvikelwa Kokuphila Nempahla

Umgomo oyinhloko wanoma yimuphi umthetho womlilo ukuphepha kokuphila. Izinhlabamkhosi zentuthu zinciphisa ingozi yokufa emoyeni wekhaya ngesigamu, ngokwe-National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) [umthombo: NFPA USAUS APLAH SEART[. Kodwa imithetho ivikela futhi ngokwayo izakhiwo, idinga imihlangano evimbela umlilo ozishisayo ezindongeni, iphansi, nophahla olunciphisa ukukhula komlilo futhi lunika izimpi isikhathi esengeziwe sokusabela. Minyaka yonke, amakhaya agcina umonakalo ungaphansi kakhulu kunalawo akhiwe amadala, amaqoqo amancane.

Ukumisa Umsebenzi Obalulekile Wokusabela Okuphuthumayo

Iminyango yomlilo ixhomeke ezicini zokwakha eziziqonde kahle ukuze kuvele imisebenzi ephumelelayo. Imithetho edinga izinombolo zamakheli eziphawulwe kahle, izintambo ezikwazi ukuphuma, nezindawo zokungena ezifinyeleneyo ivumela abaphenduli bokuqala ukuba basebenze ngokushesha nangokuphephile. Uma lemithetho ilandelwa, izikhathi zokusabela zinciphe kakhulu futhi ithuba lokusindisa abantu ekuhluphekeni liyanda kakhulu.

Imfundo Nomlando Womphakathi

Izimiso zomlilo zendawo zivame ukuhlanganisa izakhi zemfundo yomphakathi − ukuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke kwezakhiwo zokuqasha, izinhlelo zokufaka intuthu yokufaka imoto, nezenzakalo zesonto. Zibangela ukulandisa ngokubeka amafashini noma ngokulungisa imishini kumnini zindawo ohlulekayo ukugcina imishini yokuvikela imoto. Lokhu kuqinisa ukuvikela komlilo wonke umuntu endaweni.

Imithetho Evamile Yezomlilo Okudingeka Wazi

Nakuba imithetho ethile ihlukahluka ngomasipala, kunezimiso eziningana ezitholakala njalo ezikhungweni eziningi zase - United States. Ukuqonda lezi zigaba kukusiza ukuba wazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyibheke enqubweni yakho yendawo.

Imithetho Yokwakha Neyokwakha

Imithetho yokwakha yanamuhla − njenge-International Residial Code (IRC) noma i-International Building Code (IBC), ngokuvamile esetshenziswa ngokulungisa i-informations_address yokuzimela kwenhlabathi. Bayayala:

  • [ Izinto ezinqanda ukushisa: Izimfuneko zothango olufakwe olwenziwe ngomlilo kumagalaji anamagumbi omlilo anamathiselwe nazungeze amagumbi okushisa, amahlelo Aluphahla, kanye nesilinganiso sokuqeda ingaphakathi.
  • Izimfuneko zobude: Ifasitela elinciphileyo lohambo oluphuthumayo nezindawo zokuhlenga (nangoba okungenani amamitha-skwele angu-5,7 ubude obungaphezu kwama-44 ° ngaphezulu kwephansi) egumbini ngalinye lokulala nangaphansi.
  • Indabuko ye-Smoke ne-carbon monoxide efakwayo: Izindawo eziningi manje zidinga izinhlabamkhosi zentuthu ezihlangene kuwo wonke amazinga ekhaya, ngaphakathi kwekamelo ngalinye lokulala, nangaphandle kwendawo ngayinye, ezinezilinganiso zebhethri eziqinile noma ezineminyaka eyishumi ezivaliweyo.
  • Izilinganiso zokuvimbela izindonga nephansi: Ezindlini eziningi, izindonga phakathi kwezingalo-mdlalo kumelwe zifinyelele isilinganiso sehora lokushisa, ukuvimbela umlilo ukuba ungasakazeki phakathi kwezindlu okungenani imizuzu engu-60.

Izimiso Zokuhlola Umlilo

Ngaphandle kwezixwayiso eziyisisekelo zentuthu, izikhombo eziningi zendawo manje ziyadinga:

  • Izimiso zomlilo ezizenzekelayo [ zinezinga lokuhlola isiteshi esiphakathi emakhaya amakhulu noma izakhiwo zokuqasha ngaphezulu kobukhulu obuthile.
  • [[[INT:0] Izibani zokushisa [ ekhishini nasezindaweni zokuhlala lapho izinhlabamkhosi zentuthu zingaveza khona izinhlabamkhosi ezicasulayo.
  • I-strobe alamu ezibonakalayo nezingabonwayo kubantu abahlala ekhubazekile ezindlebeni (ababuzwa amaMelika abakhubazekile bathatha isinyathelo sokuzivumelanisa nezindlela eziningi zokwakha).

Izicisha - mlilo Nezimiso Zokucindezela

Izicisha - mlilo ezikwazi ukudlula zigunyazwa ezindaweni eziningana eziqondile:

  • Kitten:[ i-statistic ngokwemisuka yomlilo yasekhaya. Izimiso eziningi zendawo zidinga isicisha mlilo se-Clade ABC esingamamitha angu-30 emishini yokupheka.
  • Nearcapes nezitofu zokhuni: Ukuphatha imililo kashimula noma amalahle alahlekayo.
  • Emagalajini axhunyiwe: Lapho kukhona khona uketshezi oluvuthayo, amathini, noketshezi lwemoto.
  • Izimiso zokufafaza: Ngenkathi kungakangeni yonke emakhaya omkhaya owodwa, amakhaya amasha ezindaweni eziningi zasemaphethelweni edolobha kuyadingeka ukuba ufake izisakazi zomlilo ngokwezindinganiso ze NFPA 13D.

Ukukhishwa Kwemisebe, Izithiyo, Nendawo Engalawuleki

Lezimiso zihlose ukuncisha noma ukuvimbela umlilo ukuba ungasakazeki phakathi kwezakhiwo noma ezindaweni zasendle ungene emakhaya:

  • [ Isithiyo se-property transformation:[ ibanga elincinci ukusuka ekwakheni kuya emgqeni wesakhiwo, ngokuvamile amamitha amahlanu kuya kwayishumi, ukuze kuncishiswe ukushisa okugqamile ezakhiweni ezingomakhelwane.
  • Ukwakhiwa kwe-eve ne-sofit: Ezifundeni zomlilo, ama-athonsi avulekayo kumele aklanyelwe ukumelana nokuphazamisa okungaphakathi, futhi ukufolizisa ngokwako kungadinga ukuvalwa ngezinto ezingafi.
  • Ukulawula ukuvuleka: Ukuvaleka kohlaza olufile, ukugunda amagatsha emithi okungenani amamitha ayishumi ukusuka kushimula, nokugcina indawo yesikhashana enezinyawo ezingu-30 engenazo izitshalo ezivutha kakhulu ezizungeze izakhiwo ezindaweni eziphakeme ze-risk.

Ukuvuleka Komlilo Nokuzilibazisa

Omasipala abaningi balawula ngokuphelele noma yikuphi ukudubula ngaphandle, kuhlanganise nalokhu:

  • [ Itshe elivuthayo: ngemililo emikhulu yemlilo, ukushiswa kwezolimo, noma ukwakhiwa kwemfucumfucu.
  • [[UMTHO:0] Imithetho yeFire ne-chiminea:[[FL:1] Ibanga elinciphile ukusuka ezakhiweni, ekuhlobiseni, kanye nezithango ezivuthayo (ngokuvamile ngamamitha angu - 15 kuya kwangu-25).
  • Ukuvinjelwa konyaka: uvinjelwa kwesimo sezulu esomile, esinomoya lapho ingozi yomlilo yeqile.

Ukutholakala Kwendlela Ephuthumayo Nekheli

Amaloli omlilo kudingeka athole umuzi wakho futhi asondele ngokwanele ukuba asebenzise imishini. Izimfuneko ezivamile zihlanganisa:

  • izinombolo ezicacile zezimpawu zekheli ezinkulu (kaningi uma kuqhathaniswa amasentimitha amane), ezibonisa, futhi zibonakala emigwaqweni emini nasebusuku.
  • [[NTL:0] ububanzi bendlela kanye nokucwenga okumile: kunciphe amamitha angu - 12 kuya kwangu - 14 ububanzi okungenani amamitha angu-3,5 okusuka emotweni ephuthumayo. Ukujika kungadingeka emigwaqweni yemuva efile engamamitha angaphezu kwangu - 150.
  • [ izindawo ezinabantu abasha nezindinganiso zokufakwa: Amahlelo amasha kumelwe ahlele indawo engenisa ithumbu ukuze wonke umuzi ube ngamamitha aphakathi kwenkulungwane kuya kumashumi ayinkulungwane omlilo ovuthayo, kuye ngokwezimfuneko zendawo.

Indlela Yokuhlala Uhambisana Nemithetho Yomlilo Yasendaweni

Ukukhipha imininingwane yesimiso somlilo sendawo yakho kungakukhungathekisa, kodwa indlela ehlelekile igcina umsebenzi usebenza kahle. Ngezansi kuyizinyathelo ezingathathwa yilowo nalowo mninikhaya noma umphathi wempahla.

1. Ngena nokhode lomlilo wasendaweni yakini

Qala ngokuvakashela idolobha lakho noma isifundazwe i-’ ingosi esemthethweni, noma ime nge-bureau esiteshini somlilo sendawo yakini. Izifunda eziningi manje zithumela amakhodi azo avunyelwe kuyi-inthanethi, kuhlanganise nezahluko ze-appendix ezinezinsolo eziningi zendawo. Uma uhlala esizweni esisebenzisa i-International Fire Code (IFC), funa izithayisekiso zendawo.

Hlela Ukuhlola Ikhaya Lokuzithandela

Iminyango eminingi yomlilo inikeza ukuhlolwa kokuphepha ekhaya njengenkonzo yomphakathi. Umhloli womlilo oqeqeshiwe uzodlula endaweni yakho, abonise izingozi ezingase zivele, futhi anikeze uhlu olulotshiwe lwezenzo zokulungisa. Lokhu akuthuthukisi ukuphepha kwakho kuphela kodwa futhi kukunika ukuthula kwengqondo kokuthi uhlangabezana nezimfuneko eziyisisekelo.

3. Londoloza Zonke Izisetshenziswa Zokuphepha

Ukuhlohla akusona isenzakalo esisodwa; kudinga ukunakwa okuqhubekayo:

  • Hlola intuthu nocingo lwe - carbon monoxide nyanga zonke, thatha indawo yamabhethri okungenani njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, bese uthatha indawo yawo wonke lowo mshini njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi.
  • Hlola izilinganiso zokucima umlilo nyanga zonke. I-octives eziqinisekisiwe azinacala futhi i-octal ayilimalanga. Buyisela izinto ezizosetshenziswa ngemva kokusetshenziswa, kanye nezingakhiphi ezilahlwayo ngokwe-’ usuku.
  • Imithombo ehlanzekile yokoma, oshimula, nezisefo zeziko ezishiswayo minyaka yonke — iwumthombo oyinhloko womlilo wasekhaya.

4. Qhubeka Uhlela Kuze Kube Sekuzofika Esikhathini

Kudingeka imvume yanoma ikuphi ukulungisa okukhulu, ukwenezela, noma ukushintsha kokusetshenziswa. Ukudonsa imvume kuqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi wakho uhlolwa ukuze uhambisane nezimpawu zamanje zomlilo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu kulokhu:

  • Ukufaka isitofu sezinkuni noma iziko.
  • Ukuhlanganisa idekhi, uvulandi, noma i - carport (isakhiwo esinamathele endlini singashintsha izindlela ezigwedlayo nezimfuneko zokucima umlilo).
  • Ukuguqula igalaji libe indawo yokuhlala (ngokuvamile kudinga ukuhlukana kodonga oluhanjiswe ngomlilo, izinhlabamkhosi ezengeziwe zentuthu, nefasitela eliyaluza).

5 Fundisa Wonke Umuntu Ekhaya

Regulations only work if people know what to do during a fire. Practice a home escape plan that includes two ways out of every room and a designated meeting place outside. Make sure all household members know where the fire extinguisher is and how to operate it using the PASS method (Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep).

6. Hlakulela Isimiso Sokuvikela Umlilo Ezakhini Eziyinkimbinkimbi

Uma unendlu enkulu, indlu enendawo yokuhlala, noma indawo exubene, cabangela ukuqasha unjiniyela wezokuvikela umlilo noma umeluleki womlilo ukuze abukeze ngokucophelela. Bangabona izindaba ezifihliwe ezingaqondakali ezifihlekile njengokungathi ukucisha umlilo ezindongeni noma ukungazinzi okunganele kwezindlela zokudubula i-eroff / okungaholela ekuvezeni izingcaphuno ezibizayo phakathi nophenyo lweposi.

Imiphumela Yokungakhulumi

Ukungazi ngemithetho yokucisha umlilo akuvamile ukubhekwa njengezaba ezizwakalayo, futhi izijeziso zingaba zimbi kakhulu.

Imali Engokomthetho Nengokwezimali

Ohulumeni bavame ukuveza imikhonzo yokwephulwa komthetho womlilo. Amasheya angahlanganisa u-R100 emacala amancane anjengebhethri yentuthu elahlekile, awezinkulungwane zamaRandi ngenxa yokwephulwa okukhulu okusongela izakhamuzi eziningi. Ezimweni lapho umlilo ongathi sína ubangelwa ukungabi nalusizo, abanikazi bempahla baye babhekana neziphakamiso zobugebengu, kuhlanganise nokubulala ngokuzenzakalela.

Izicelo Zomshuwalense

Abanikazi bomshuwalense basekhaya cishe njalo badinga ukuvumelana nayo yonke imikhawulo yomlilo esebenzayo. Uma umlilo wenzeka futhi uphenya kwembula i-code engahambisani ne-openthing [1] njengesitofu sokhuni esiqala ukushisa noma insimbi yentuthu efakwe ngokungafanele ehlulekayo ukukhipha i-alamu yentuthu ehlulekayo ukukhipha [1] umshuwalense wakho angase aphike ukuzisho noma anciphise ukukhokha. Ezinye izinqubo zihlanganisa “ukugunyaza ukuthuthukisa i-odolo-te" ukubuyisela ikhaya lakho ezindimeni zamanje ngemva kokulahlekelwa, kodwa isivikelo asisizi lutho uma uphulethe ukuhoxa kwakuqala.

Ingozi Eyandayo Ekuphileni Nasemzimbeni

Mhlawumbe umphumela osangulukisa kakhulu: amakhaya angahlangani nakancane ngokwezibalo asengozini kakhulu yokuthola umlilo oholela ekulimaleni okubi kakhulu noma ekufeni. Indandala yentuthu elahlekile noma engasebenzi, ushimula ongahlali, noma igceke elimabhungane elivumela umlilo welanga lelanga ukuba ufike ekhaya lakho lingaguqula isenzakalo esingapheli sibe inhlekelele. Ikhampani alikho ngokuvimbela i-codrn(i"ilungile" ekuvikeleni abantu obakhathalela kakhulu.

Ukusebenza NoMnyango Womlilo Wakini

Umnyango wakho womlilo awuyona nje inhlangano ephoqelela ukugcinwa kwemithetho; uyingcebo ewusizo yemfundo nesiqondiso.

Izimiso Zokuvimbela Umlilo Zaminyaka Yonke

Iminyango eminingi yenza imikhankaso yezinkathi ezithile .njenge NFPA̱ i-Fire Prevention Week ngo-Oktobha", lapho inikeza khona izivivinyo zokuphepha zomkhaya, ukuhlola kwasekhaya, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufakwa kwentuthu empompela intuthu emikhayeni engenisa imali ephansi. Ukuhlanganyela kulezinhlelo kukusiza ukuba uhlale ukhona ngokushintsha ushintsho lwenqubo engcono kakhulu.

Izinkonzo Zokubukeza Ezihlelweni

Uma uhlela ukuhlanganisa ikhaya, idekhi elisha, noma ukulungiswa kwekhishi elikhulu, amabhulukwe amaningi okuvimbela umlilo anikeza izinhlelo zokuhlela kusengaphambili. Ukunikeza imidwebo yakho yokwakha yokubukeza kokwandulela ngaphambi kokuba ukwakhiwa kufinyelelwe izindaba zekhodi, kugcine izinkulungwane ngezindleko zokusebenza futhi.

AmaKomiti Okuvikela Omakhelwane

Ezindaweni ezivutha umlilo, iminyango yomlilo yendawo ngokuvamile yenza amakomiti omlilo asiza wonke umphakathi ukuba unciphise ingozi. Lamaqembu asebenza ndawonye ukuze enze ipetroli eliwumphakathi, ahlele izinsuku zokuvungula imfucumfucu yokhuni, futhi afake izimali zokunikeza izakhiwo zomphakathi zokulungisa izakhiwo (umthombo: FPA Firew USA )]. Ukuba ingxenye yekomiti enjalo igcina ikhaya lakho lihlangene nemithetho yokuphatha izitshalo zendawo.

Isiphetho

Izimiso zomlilo zendawo akuzona nje izimfuneko ze-bureaucratics, kodwa zikhona izivikelo eziye zacwengisiswa phakathi namashumi eminyaka ngenxa yemisebenzi yangempela, ukulimala kwangempela, nokulahlekelwa okukhulu. Ngokuqonda imithetho esebenza entweni yakho ethile, ukulondoloza izimiso zokuphepha, futhi uhlale uhlangene nomnyango womlilo wendawo, udala indawo ephephile kakhulu emkhayeni wakho nasemphakathini wakho. Ukuphepha komlilo akuyona inqubo eyodwa yesikhathi esikhona; kuyisibopho esiqhubekayo esiletha inzuzo ngokuthula kwengqondo, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, ekuphileni kwakho. Thatha isinyathelo sokuqala namuhla: hlola umnyango wakho womlilo i-Ù iwebhthi yakho yamanje, uvivinye imfi, futhi uhlele i-msebe lokuhlola intuthulo ozithandayo ekhaya lakho. [UFFF:]