Table of Contents

Indima kahulumeni ekuvikeleni amalungelo nenkululeko yakha isisekelo senhlangano yentando yeningi yanamuhla. Nakuba umqondo kahulumeni njengomvikeli wenkululeko uthandwa kabanzi, izinqubo eziqondile, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okungokomlando, nezinselele eziqhubekayo ezihilelekile ngokuvamile aziqondwa ngokungezwani. Lokhu kuhlola okukhudlwana kuhlola ukuthi izakhiwo zikahulumeni − kusukela ezimisweni zomthetho-sisekelo kuya ezimisweni zokwahlulela − zisebenza ukuvikela amalungelo nenkululeko yezakhamuzi, zihlola ukulinganisela okubucayi phakathi kwenkululeko nokuhleleka komphakathi, futhi ziqokomisa indima eyisisekelo yezakhamuzi ezibophelele.

Ukuqonda Amalungelo Nenkululeko: Izisekelo Zomphakathi Olungile

Amalungelo nenkululeko akuyona imibandela engaqondakali; ziyimibandela engokomthetho nengokokuziphatha eyenza abantu bakwazi ukuphila ngesithunzi, inkululeko, nokulondeka. Ezimisweni zentando yeningi, lemiqondo ihlanganiswe yiyo kanye isisekelo sokubusa, imithetho elungisayo, izimiso, namathuba okuhlala. Ukwazisa indima kahulumeni ekuzivikeleni, kubalulekile kuqala ukucacisa amalungelo nenkululeko ehlanganisayo nendlela asebenza ngayo.

Ukuchaza Amalungelo

Amalungelo ayizigunyazo ezingokomthetho abantu abanazo, ngokuvamile ezihlangene nemithetho-sisekelo, imithetho, noma izivumelwano zomhlaba wonke. Baphoqelela izibopho kohulumeni nakwezinye izinhlangano ukuba bazihloniphe, bazivikele, futhi bazifeze. Amalungelo angahlukaniswa ngezigaba eziningana:

  • Amalungelo eCivil:[ Iqinisekisa ukuphathwa okulinganayo nesivikelo ekucwaseni okusekelwe ohlazweni, ebulilini, enkolweni, noma kwezinye izici.
  • Amalungelo angokobuProtalica: vumela ukuhlanganyela enqubweni yezombangazwe, njengelungelo lokuvota, ukugijimela isikhundla, nokuhlangana ngokuthula.
  • Amalungelo omnotho: faka ilungelo lokuba nempahla, umsebenzi, kanye nokuhweba.
  • Amalungelo abalulekile: Iqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezinkonzo ezibalulekile njengemfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, nezindlu.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Amalungelo aphezulu: uvikela ikhono lokulondoloza nokusebenzisa isiko lomuntu.

Ukuchaza Inkululeko

Inkululeko ibhekisela ekhonweni lokuthatha isinyathelo ngokwentando yomuntu, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa, uma izenzo ezinjalo zingawaphuki amalungelo abanye. Inkululeko ivame ukuvikelwa izibopho ezingezinhle kuhulumeni .Izibonelo zihlanganisa inkululeko yokukhuluma, inkolo, umbuthano, nenhlangano. Ngokungafani namalungelo, angadinga isenzo esiqinile sikahulumeni (umz., ukunikeza imfundo), inkululeko ifuna ukuvinjelwa ngokuyinhloko.

Ubuhlobo Phakathi Kwamalungelo Nenkululeko

Amalungelo nenkululeko kuyancintisana. Ilungelo lokukhuluma ngokukhululekile lingaba yize ngaphandle kwenkululeko yokukhuluma, yokubhala, noma yokuphikisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkululeko ngaphandle kokuqashelwa okungokomthetho ingaholela esiyaluyalwini noma ekuxhashazweni. Ohulumeni kumelwe baqaphele le symbiosis lapho benza imithetho nezimiso. Ngokwesibonelo, iSimemezelo esingavumelaniyo samaLungelo abantu [ (UDHR) esithathiwe yiZizwe ezihlangene ngo-194949 ihlanganisa ngokucacile, ibeka isilinganiso sembulunga yonke sendlela okufanele ivikele ngayo isithunzi somuntu ngamunye.

Ukuqonda lomehluko kubaluleke kakhulu ezakhamuzini ezifisa ukulandisa ngohulumeni bazo. Uma uhulumeni emisa umthetho, ukhulisa noma ulinganisela amalungelo athile nenkululeko. Inselele iwukuthi izenzo ezinjalo ziyalunga, zikhanya, futhi zivumelana nezimiso zentando yeningi.

Ukuziphendukela Komlando Kukahulumeni NjengoMvikeli Wamalungelo

Umqondo wokuthi uhulumeni kufanele avikele amalungelo abantu awumusha, kodwa ukusebenza kwawo okusebenzayo kuye kwavela emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka. Izindlela zokuqala zokubusa zazivame ukubeka kuqala amandla ababusi phezu kwenhlalakahle yezikhonzi. Izenzakalo ezingokomlando eziyinhloko zalololonga ukuqonda kwanamuhla indima kahulumeni.

IMagna Carta (1215)

Ivame ukucashunwa njengencwadi eyisisekelo yamalungelo, iMagna Carta yaqinisekisa ukuthi inkosi yayingawudluli umthetho futhi yaqinisekisa izivikelo ezithile kumabharon. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izimiso zayo njengenqubo efanele kanye nelungelo lokuqulwa ngokulunga, zinwetshwe ezakhamuzini ezivamile. Nakuba zazilinganiselwe, zabeka isibonelo sokuthi amandla kahulumeni angacindezelwa.

Ukukhanyiselwa Nezici Zomphakathi

Izazi zefilosofi ezinjengoJohn Locke, uJean-Jacques Rousseau, noMontesquieu zaphikisa ngokuthi uhulumeni uthola ilungelo lakhe lokulunga ngokuvuma kwababuswayo. Umqondo kaLocke wamalungelo angokwemvelo //ukuphila, nempahla (inkululeko), wathonya ngokuqondile iSimemezelo saseMelika sokuzimela nokuncintisana kwezenhlalo. Inkolelo-mbono yezenhlalo isekela ukuthi izakhamuzi zinika inkululeko ethile ukuze zincishinise amalungelo azo asele.

Izincwadi Zamalungelo Nemisebenzi Yomthetho - sisekelo

IBhili Yamalungelo Abantu lase-U.S. (1791) ibala ngokucacile isivikelo njengenkululeko yokukhuluma, inkolo, ukunyathelisa, nelungelo lokuphatha izikhali. Amanye amazwe amaningi alandela izivumelwano, amalungelo ahambisanayo kumthetho-mthetho wawo. Ekhulwini lama-20, amathuluzi amalungelo abantu ezizwe zonke (izindawo zezizwe zonke) kuhlanganise nesivumelwano sesivumelwano sesivumelwano se-[FLT] se-Politiki nesezombangazwe [ nesivumelwano sezwe lonke sezezezomnotho, somphakathi ne-Chuthoalture, amalungelo ezenhlalo ne-[FLT].[FLT]]

Intuthuko Yangemva Kwempi

Izenzo zonya zeMpi Yezwe II zahlanganisa inhlangano yomhlaba wonke yokuhlanganisa amalungelo abantu. iUDHR, nakuba ingabophi ngokomthetho, yabangela ukuba kube nemithetho engokomthetho yesizwe nezivumelwano zezifunda eziningi njenge European Convention on Human Rights. Namuhla, ohulumeni akulindelekenga ukuba bangawephuli amalungelo abantu kuphela kodwa futhi bavimbele ngenkuthalo abadlali abangabodwa ukuba bangenzi kanjalo.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Kahulumeni Ekuvikeleni Amalungelo

Ohulumeni benza imisebenzi eminingi ukuze balondoloze amalungelo nenkululeko. Lokhu kungahlukaniswa kakhulu ngokwezindima zomthetho, zokuphatha, zokwahlulela, ngokuvamile ezibizwa ngokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso. Igatsha ngalinye linemisebenzi ehlukene, futhi ukusebenzelana kwalo kudala isimiso sokuhlola nokulinganisela okuvimbela noma isiphi isici ukuba sibe nonya.

Igatsha Elingokomthetho: Ukwakha Imithetho Echaza Futhi Ivikele Amalungelo

ISishaya - mthetho (isib., iSishaya - mthetho, iPhalamende) sinomthwalo wemfanelo wokudweba, ukuphikisana, nokumisa imithetho echaza izinga lamalungelo. Izibonelo zihlanganisa:

  • [ Imithetho enqabela ubandlululo emsebenzini, ezindaweni zokulala, nezindawo zomphakathi.
  • [[Umthetho:0] Imithetho yokuvikela yamadrama: iyakubusa okuvikela isikhathi somuntu siqu somuntu siqu enkathini yohlelo lwezinombolo.
  • Ukuveza amaLungelo Amalungelo :[ Imithetho esusa izithiyo ekuthatheni iqhaza kwezombangazwe.

Imithetho ibuye isekele ngemali ukuze iqikelele lemithetho futhi imise izinhlangano ezinjenge - Aumement Opportunity Commission (EOC) noma i - Human Rights Commission.

Igatsha Eliphethe: Ukugcwalisa Nokuvikela

Igatsha eliphethe (elithathwe umongameli, undunankulu, noma okufana naye) likhipha imithetho nezimiso. Indima yalo ihlanganisa:

  • Isivumelwano somthetho: Amaphoyisa nezinhlangano eziqondisayo zihlola ukwephulwa kwemithetho yomphakathi neyobugebengu.
  • [ Izinkonzo ze-Public Service:[ Ukunikeza imfundo, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, usizo lwezindlu, nezinye izinhlelo zezenhlalo eziqaphela amalungelo ezomnotho nawezenhlalo.
  • Isibopho sezizwe zonke: Ukusayina nokugcwalisa izivumelwano zamalungelo abantu.

Ngokwesibonelo, uMnyango Wezobulungisa wase-U.S. umisa imithetho kahulumeni emelene nobandlululo. Ngokufanayo, i- ye-Eupan Union of Fundament Rights [ iqondisa izinhlangano ze-EU ekumisweni kwezimiso.

Igatsha Lokwahlulela: Ukuhumusha Imithetho Nokuphoxa

Ijaji lichaza imithetho, libukeza umthetho - sisekelo walo, futhi lixazulule izingxabano uma kucatshangwa ukuthi amalungelo aphuliwe. Imisebenzi ebalulekile ihlanganisa:

  • [[[I-FLT:0] Ukubukeza okungokomthetho-mthetho:[ Izinkantolo zingashaya imithetho ephula isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo.
  • Inqubo elindelekile: Ukuqinisekisa ukuqulwa kwamacala okulungile, ukumelelwa okungokomthetho, nelungelo lokudlulisa.
  • Ukuhlela: Izabelo ze-Landmark ezinwetshwayo noma zicaciswe amalungelo ngesikhathi, njenge Brown v. Ibhodi lemfundo[ [i-dise] (i-dist) noma bergefell v. Hodges [imishado yeze]

Izahlulelo ezizimele zibalulekile ekubekeni kokubili amagatsha emithetho nawabaphathi icala. ngaphandle kokuqondisa kokwahlulela, isivikelo samalungelo singaba yize.

Izinhlobo Zamalungelo Ezivikelwe Uhulumeni: Inhlekelele Ejulile

Ohulumeni bavikela inqwaba yamalungelo. Ngezansi kubheka isigaba ngasinye, nezibonelo nemiphumela yangempela.

Amalungelo Omphakathi

Amalungelo omphakathi aqinisekisa ukuphathwa ngendlela efanayo ngaphansi komthetho. Ohulumeni badlulisa imithetho emelene nobandlululo ehlanganisa uhlanga, ubulili, ukukhubazeka, ubudala, inkolo, kanye nendlela yobulili. Ngokwesibonelo, iCivil Rights Act ka 1964[ eUnited States ivimbela ukucwaswa ezindaweni zomphakathi nasemsebenzini. Izimiso zikahulumeni ezifaka izicelo zezikhalo nezinkantolo ezinikeza ikhambiso noma izingozi.

Amalungelo Ezombangazwe

Amalungelo ezombangazwe enza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukubusa. Amalungelo abalulekile ahlanganisa:

  • Ilungelo lokuvota mahhala nangokungakhethi.
  • Ilungelo lokubalekela ihhovisi lomphakathi.
  • Kwakuyilungelo lokujoyina amaqembu ezombangazwe nomkhankaso.
  • Inkululeko yokuhlangana nesicelo.

Ohulumeni bakha izikhomishane ezizimele zokuqinisekisa ubuqotho nokumisa imithetho enweba ukungenela (isib., ukuvota ngeposi). Imingcele emalungelo ezombangazwe − njengezimfuneko ze-ID noma ukulahla okungalawuleki − kumelwe ihlolwe ngokuqinile ukuze kugwenywe ukululaza ukubusa ngentando yeningi.

Amalungelo Ezomnotho

Amalungelo ezomnotho avikela ikhono labantu lokuba nempahla, umsebenzi, nokuhlanganyela kwezentengiselwano. Ohulumeni baphoqelela izivumelwano, balawula amabhizinisi ukuze bavimbele ukukhwabanisa, futhi banikeze isivikelo izisebenzi (iholo eliphansi, izimo ezilondekile, ilungelo lokuhlanganisa). Amalungelo empahla asekelwe ezisekelweni; ngaphandle kwazo, abantu abanakwakha ingcebo noma bafake imali. Nokho, ohulumeni futhi banamandla okulahla impahla yomuntu siqu ukuze basebenzise (indawo ewumbuso) ngokukhokha imbuyiselo nje.

Amalungelo Omphakathi

Amalungelo omphakathi adinga ohulumeni ukuba banikeze izinkonzo ezibalulekile.

  • [ Izimiso zemfundo yomphakathi zigunyaziwe emazweni amaningi.
  • Ifanele ukuphatha impilo:[ Amanye amazwe aqinisekisa ukufinyelela emhlabeni wonke (umz., ngezinkonzo zempilo).
  • [[Umthetho:0] Ilungelo lokuhlala:[ Ohulumeni banganikeza izimali, indlu yomphakathi, noma ukulawula.

Ngokuvamile la malungelo ahilela izindleko ezinkulu zomphakathi futhi atholakala ngemishini etholakalayo, kodwa abhekwa njengabalulekile ukuze umuntu aphile ukuphila okuhloniphekile.

Amalungelo Angokwesiko

Amalungelo empucuko avikela izilimi ezimbalwa, amasiko, nemikhuba. Ohulumeni bangasekela izinhlangano zamasiko, bavumele inkululeko engokwenkolo, futhi bavumelane nemikhuba yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, iZimemezelo zeZizwe Ezihlangene ezihlangene kuMalungelo abantu Bomdabu[[FLT: 1] zidinga ukuba imibuso isekele ifa lesizwe.

Ukulinganisela Okuqinile: Amalungelo amelene nokuphepha Komphakathi

Esinye sezici ezinzima kakhulu zokubusa ukulinganisela amalungelo abantu ngabanye nezithakazelo zabo bonke. Alikho ilungelo eliphelele; ohulumeni bangalinganisela amalungelo ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, njengalapho ukuphepha komphakathi, ukulondeka kwesizwe, noma amalungelo abanye esongelwa.

Ukuzonda Inkulumo Kuphazamisa Inkululeko Yokukhuluma.

Umngcele phakathi kwenkulumo evikelweyo nenkulumo elimazayo uyahlukahluka ngokwemithetho. E-United States, iSichibiyelo sokuqala sinikeza isivikelo esibanzi, kuhlanganise nenkulumo ecasulayo, uma nje ingavuseleli ubudlova obuseduze. Ngokungafani, amazwe amaningi aseYurophu enza ubugebengu bokukhuluma ngenzondo, awaphiki ukuthi ingenwa ngokukhululekile. Ohulumeni kumelwe balawule lokhu kungafani lapho kubhekiswa kumazinga entando yeningi. United Human Rights Committee

Ukulondeka Kwesizwe

Izinhlelo zokuhlola inqwaba, ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa, kanye nokuqoqwa kokuhlakanipha kohulumeni kubangela ukuphikisana nelungelo lokungafihliwe. Umthetho wePost-9/11 njenge-USA PATRIOT Act wandisa amandla okuhlola, uholela ezimpikiswaneni eziphathelene nemvume, ukuqoqwa kwemininingwane eminingi, nokuqondisa. Izinkantolo ziye zangenela, zishaya ezinye izinhlelo zisithi azivumelani nezimiso zomthetho (umz.S., iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-U.S. ku-] Riley v. California ifuna izicelo zokusesha ucingo. Ukulinganisela imicimbi yezenzwe zesikhashana nokuphepha kudinga ukuqondisa okukhulu, ukuphakama, ukuthatha i-ovaluleki, nokushona kwelanga ezindaweni eziphuthumayo.

Inkululeko Yomhlangano ephikisana nohlelo lomphakathi

Ohulumeni ngokuvamile bayaliqaphela ilungelo lokubhikisha, kodwa ngokuvamile badinga imvume, babeke imingcele yesikhathi, noma bavimbele izindawo ukuze bavimbele ukuphazamiseka. Kwezinye izimo, ohulumeni bamemezela imibuso yezimo eziphuthumayo ezimisa amalungelo athile. Umthetho wamalungelo abantu wezizwe zonke uvumela izinyathelo ezinjalo kuphela phakathi "nesikhathi esiphuthumayo somphakathi esisongela ukuphila kwesizwe" futhi ngokwezinga elidingwa ngokuqinile. IKhomisha yamazwe onke yabaJURT[[ inikeza iziqondiso ezithiye ngemingcele evumelekile.

Izinkolo Zikahulumeni Nendima Yazo Eqondile

Ngalé kwamagatsha amathathu, izinhlangano ezikhethekile zifeza izindima ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni amalungelo.

Ukuthunywa Kwamalungelo Abantu Okuzimele

Amazwe amaningi anezinhlangano zamalungelo abantu (NHRIs) eziqondisa ukuthobela uhulumeni, zihlole izikhalo, futhi zithuthukise imfundo yamalungelo abantu. Izibonelo zihlanganisa iKhomishane yamalungelo abantu yase-U.S. eH. ne-U. yeSikhungo samalungelo abantu ne-UK Ukulingana kwamalungelo abantu. Lezi zindikimba zisebenza ngaphandle kukahulumeni ukuze ziqinisekise ukungakhethi.

Amahhovisi Abasizi

I - ombudsman ihlola izikhalo ezimelene nezinhlangano zikahulumeni, inikeza ikhambi lapho izakhamuzi zinomuzwa wokuthi amalungelo azo awanakwa.

Izinkantolo Zomthetho - sisekelo

Amanye amazwe anikeze izinkantolo zomthetho-sisekelo ezihlola umthetho ovumelana namalungelo ayisisekelo (isib. iNkantolo ye-Federal Constitutional) yaseJalimane. Lezi zinkantolo zingalahla imithetho futhi zimise iziqondiso ezibophayo.

Izidumbu Zamazwe Ngamazwe

I - European Court of Human Rights ivumela abantu ukuba balwe nemibuso engamalungu. INkantolo yeSigebengu yamazwe onke imangalela abantu ngecala lempi namacala.

Indima Yezakhamuzi Ekuvikeleni Amalungelo Nenkululeko

Intando yeningi enamandla ayixhomekile ezinhlanganweni eziqinile kuphela kodwa nasezakhamuzini ezikhuthele, ezinolwazi.

Ukuzitika Nokuhlanganyela E - Electoral

Ukuqamba kuyindlela eqondile kakhulu izakhamuzi ezihlela ngayo izimiso zikahulumeni. Ngokukhetha abameleli ababeka amalungelo ezindawo eziphambili, izakhamuzi zingathonya umthetho nesenzo sokuphatha. Uvoti ophansi angaholela kohulumeni abangazinaki izithakazelo ezimbalwa. Ukuhlanganyela kokhetho oluyinhloko, ama-parenteum, nokhetho lwendawo kubaluleke ngokufanayo.

Ukuzitika Ngezigebengu Nomphakathi

Izinhlangano ezingezona ezohulumeni (NGOS), amaqembu akhuthaza ukuphatha izikhundla, kanye nezinhlangano zotshani ezinama-oceas zikhulisa amazwi emiphakathi ephansi. Zifuna imithetho emisha, zibekela inselele imithetho engalungile enkantolo, futhi ziphakamisa umphakathi. Izibonelo zihlanganisa i-American Civil Libertés Union (ACLU) ne-Mercium International. Izakhamuzi zingasekela lezinhlangano ngeminikelo, ngeminikelo yokuzithandela, noma ngokuhlanganyela emikhankasweni.

Imfundo Nokuqaphela

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho kuyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuwavikela. Ohulumeni nezikole kufanele banikeze imfundo yomphakathi, kodwa izakhamuzi futhi zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokufunda ngesivikelo sazo esingokomthetho. Ulwazi ngamalungelo omthetho-sisekelo, imithetho yendawo, kanye nezindlela zokuthola ikhambi kwenza abantu bakwazi ukuqaphela ukwephulwa komthetho-mthetho futhi bafune amakhambi. Imithombo ye-inthanethi nezindawo zomphakathi zingamathuluzi abalulekile.

Ukuhlanganyela Komphakathi

Ukuhlanganyela endaweni ethile − njengokuya emihlanganweni yehholo lasedolobheni, ukukhonza emabhodini omphakathi, noma ukuhlanganyela ekubukeni izinhlelo zomphakathi − kwakha ukubambisana nokwethembana kwezenhlalo. Uma izakhamuzi zithembisa, zingaba nesibopho esingcono sokubeka ohulumeni bendawo ecaleni ngezindaba ezinjengobupholi, ukuhlanganisa, nezinkonzo zomphakathi ezithinta amalungelo ansuku zonke.

Ukubika Ukuphula Imithetho

Ukuthula kungakhuthaza ukuxhashazwa kwamalungelo. Izakhamuzi kufanele zibike ukwephulwa kweziphathimandla ezihlobene nalendaba: amaphoyisa, amanxusa amalungelo abantu, izikhulu zezindaba, noma imithombo yezindaba.

Izinselele Zokuvikela Amalungelo Nenkululeko

Naphezu kwezimiso ezihlelwe kahle, izithiyo ezinkulu zisaqhubeka. Ukusingatha lezi zinselele kudinga ukuqapha nokushintsha okuqhubekayo.

Ukonakala Nokusebenzisa Kabi Amandla

Uma izikhulu zikahulumeni zibeka inzuzo yomuntu siqu kuqala kunenkonzo yomphakathi, isivikelo samalungelo sincipha. Ukonakala kungabonakala njengokufumbathisa, ukukhetha, noma ukusebenzisa kabi imithombo kahulumeni. Kululaza ukwethembana, kuphazamisa ukugcinwa komthetho, futhi kubangela ukuba kube nokucwaswa okuhlelekile. Izinhlangano zokulwa nokonakala, imithombo yezindaba ezimele, kanye nezinqubo eziqinile zomthetho zidinga ukuncintisana.

Ukucwasana Okungokwesimiso

Ngisho noma imithetho inqabela ubandlululo, ubandlululo olugxilile lungaqhubeka. Ukukhokha igebe lobulili, igebe lobulili, nokuthola ubulungisa ngokungafani kuyizibonelo. Ohulumeni kumelwe basebenzise isinyathelo sokuvuma, ukuqeqeshwa okuhlukahlukene, nokuqiniswa kwezimiso eziqinile ukuze kuqedwe ukungalingani. Ukuqoqwa kwemininingwane yezindawo ezihlukene kwenza kubonakale lapho isivikelo sihluleka khona.

Ukuhwebelana Kwembulunga Yonke Nezinsongo Zezizwe Zonke

Izindaba zomhlaba wonke − njengobuphekula, ukuhlasela kwe-inthanethi, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kanye nezifo eziwumshayabhuqe. Izindawo eziphuthumayo zingathatha izinyathelo ezinciphisa amalungelo, ngezinye izikhathi ngokungenakulinganiswa. Ukubambisana phakathi kwamazwe kubalulekile, kodwa kanjalo kugcina ukuqondisa. [ iZizwe Ezihlangene Amalungelo Abantu zifeza indima ekuhloleni ukuthotshelwa kwembulunga yonke.

Ubuchwepheshe Nezindaba Zomuntu Siqu

Intuthuko esheshayo yezobuchwepheshe idlula isivikelo esingokomthetho. Ukuqaphela i-piceal Data Protection Regation (i-GDPR) kuyisibonelo esiphambili sokuzivumelanisa nemithetho yezomthetho.

Ukusakaza I - populism Nokuvinjelwa Ngentando Yeningi

Kwamanye amazwe, abaholi bezikhulu balulaza izinhlangano, bahlasele ijaji, futhi bavimbele inkululeko yezokuxhumana egameni "labantu" lokhu kusongela zona kanye izakhiwo ezivikela amalungelo. Izakhamuzi kumelwe zivikele izindinganiso zentando yeningi, zisekele izinkantolo ezizimele, futhi zimela noma ikuphi ukufakwa kwamandla.

Isiphetho: Indima Eqhubekayo Kahulumeni — Nezakhamuzi

Indima kahulumeni ekuvikeleni amalungelo nenkululeko ayiqinile futhi ayiqiniseki. Kudingeka umzamo oqhubekayo, ukuvumelana, nokulandisa. Kusukela ekukhishweni imithetho-mthetho kuya emsebenzini wansuku zonke wabahluleli nezinceku zombango, zonke izinga likahulumeni linezela ohlelweni oluphakamisa isithunzi somuntu ngamunye. Kodwa uhulumeni kuphela awunele. Izakhamuzi kumelwe zihlale ziqaphile, zibophekile, zikhokhele, futhi zifunde. Ngokuvota, zisekela, futhi zihlanganyele ekuphileni komphakathi, ziqinisekisa ukuthi isithembiso samalungelo nenkululeko sifezeka kubo bonke.

Njengoba imiphakathi iphenduka − iveza ubuchwepheshe obusha, izinkinga zembulunga yonke, nokushintsha kwezindawo zezombangazwe − ubuhlobo phakathi kukahulumeni nezakhamuzi kumelwe buqhubeke bulolongwa ukubophelana kobulungisa. Isilinganiso esiyinhloko sanoma yimuphi uhulumeni asiwona amandla abuqongelelela kodwa inkululeko esiwavikelayo.

[[FLT:] ukuze uqhubeke ufunda ngesivikelo samalungelo nenkululeko, hlola i-United Nations Human Rights Office yeZizwe ezihlangene [[FLT:] [[FLT:]] [[FLT:]] i-ohr.org[[[FLT:]], [[FLT]] [[FLT]] [FFF]]