Umongameli we-United States unezikhundla ezinethonya elikhulu emhlabeni. Njengomholi wegatsha eliphethe igatsha nomphathi wezwe, izinqumo zikamongameli zidlulela kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwaseMelika .Kusukela ekunakekeleni kwezomnotho nasempilweni kuya emfundweni, ekulondekeni kwesizwe, nasebuhlotsheni bezinye izizwe. Ukuqonda indima kamongameli, amandla, nokulinganiselwa kubalulekile kusona sonke isakhamuzi esifuna ukuqonda ukuthi izinqumo zikahulumeni zithinta kanjani ukuphila kwaso kwansuku zonke nendlela esingahlanganyela ngayo ngokunenjongo enqubweni yentando yeningi.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Samandla Omongameli

Umbuso ophethe uphathiswe uMongameli wase-United States of America, njengoba isungulwe yi-Athigit II yoMthetho-sisekelo. Lencwadi yesisekelo ikhomba igunya likamongameli ngesikhathi esisodwa lapho imisa isimiso sokuhlola nezilinganiso eziklanyelwe ukuvimbela noma iliphi igatsha likahulumeni ukuba lithole amandla amaningi kakhulu.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso kunikeza isimiso samandla afanayo esaziwa ngokuthi "amasheke nezilinganiso". Abakhi badedela ukunikeza noma yiliphi igatsha likahulumeni omusha amandla amakhulu kakhulu, kudala ukungezwani ngamabomu phakathi kwesikhulu, isikhulu, isikhulu somthetho, nesahluleli esisaqhubeka sibumba ukubusa kwaseMelika namuhla.

UMthetho-sisekelo ubala izimfanelo ezintathu kuphela zobuBusi: UMongameli kumelwe abe neminyaka engu-35 ubudala, abe isakhamuzi esingokwemvelo, futhi kumelwe ukuba wahlala e-United States iminyaka engu-14. Lezi zimfuneko ezincane zibonisa inkolelo yabasunguli yokuthi izimfanelo zobuholi zibaluleke ngaphezu kwezimfanelo ezithile.

Imithwalo Yemfanelo Yabaholi Namandla

Ukuphoqelelwa Kwegunya Eliyinhloko Nomthetho

UMongameli unomthwalo wemfanelo wokusebenzisa nokumisa imithetho ebhalwe yi-Congress futhi, ukuze enze lokho, umisa abaholi bezinhlangano zeFederal, kuhlanganise neKhabhinethi. Lomthwalo wemfanelo wenza isikhulu somthetho esiphethe umongameli wezwe, siqondisa igatsha eliphethe elisebenzisa amaMelika angaphezu kwezigidi ezine.

Izinhlangano zeKhabhinethi nezinhlangano ezizimele zeFederal zinomthwalo wemfanelo wokuqinisekisa nokuqondisa imithetho ye-Federal usuku nosuku. Le minyango nezinhlangano zinemisebenzi kanye nemithwalo yemfanelo ehlukene kakhulu njengaleyo ye-Department of Defection ne-Evironmental Protection Agency, i-Social Security Administration, kanye ne-Security and Exchange Commission. Ngalezi zinkampani, izinto eziphambili zobumongameli ziguqulela ezimiyalo eziqinile ezithinta yonke into kusukela kwizimiso zokuphepha emsebenzini kuya ekuvisekeni indawo ezungezile.

Umongameli anganikeza iziyalezo zesikhulu, ezinamandla omthetho kodwa okungamelwe zivunyelwe yiSishaya-mthetho. Lo mbuso uvumela omongameli ukuba bathathe isinyathelo ngokushesha ezindabeni ezibalulekile, nakuba iziyalezo eziphethe zisemthethweni wokwahlulela nokuchaza. Iziyalezo eziphethe eziye zasetshenziswa kuwo wonke umlando ukusingatha izinkathazo eziphuthumayo zesizwe, ukumisa izinguquko zezimiso, kanye nezikhungo zikahulumeni eziqondisayo.

Indima Yomthetho Namandla E - Veto

UMongameli unamandla okusayina umthetho noma ukukhipha izikweletu ezidluliswa yi-Congress, nakuba uMkhandlu ungathatha indawo ngevoti yama-3 amabili kuzo zombili izindlu. Lo mbuso usebenza njengenye yeziphetho ezibaluleke kakhulu igatsha eliphethe elinazo phezu kwegatsha lomthetho.

Usongo lweveto engumongameli ngokuvamile luye lwanikeza ukucindezela okwanele kokuba uMkhandlu ulungise isikweleti ukuze umongameli azimisele ukusisayina. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amongameli ngokuvamile bathonya umthetho ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ufike edeskini labo, njengoba abamisi womthetho belindele ukukhethwa komongameli phakathi nenqubo yokudweba.

Ingxenye 3 ifuna ukuba uMongameli anikeze uKhongolo-khampala ukwaziswa ngesimo sonyunyana. Futhi igunyaza uMongameli ukuba atuse izinyathelo zemithetho futhi ezimweni ezingavamile zihlangane noma zimemezelwe iziKhongolo. Ikheli likaHulumeni we-Union liye laba isikhulu esikhulu sabaholi ukuba bachaze izihlokwana zabo zezimiso kanye nokusekela umphakathi ngezindlela zabo zokuthatha isinyathelo.

Umqondisi Wezokuphepha Eziyinhloko Nezesizwe

Umongameli uzoba uMphathi weSikhulu seButho ne-Butho leMpi lase-United States, kanye noweMilitia yamaZwe amaningana, lapho ebizelwa eNkonzo yangempela ye-United States. Lendima yenza umongameli abe yigunya eliphelele phezu kwamabutho empi esizwe, anomthwalo wemfanelo wecebo lesizwe nelempi.

Umongameli unomthwalo wemfanelo oyinhloko wokuziphatha kobuhlobo bakwamanye amazwe ase-United States. Lemisebenzi iphethe amandla amakhulu kakhulu, kuhlanganise namandla okuthumela amabutho aseMelika kwamanye amazwe futhi awabeke empini lapho uMongameli ebona isinyathelo esinjalo sidingekile ukuze alondoloze ukulondeka nokuzivikela kwe-United States. Nokho, lombuso uye waphikiswana ngokulingana okufanele phakathi kwegunya eliphethe izikhulu nemibuso yempi.

Amandla Anamandla Nezingxoxo Zakwamanye Amazwe

ISikhundla esiphethe siqhube izinxushunxushu nezinye izizwe, futhi uMongameli unamandla okuxoxa nokusayina izivumelwano, okumelwe zigunyazwe ngezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zeSigele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amandla phakathi kukamongameli neSigele kuqinisekisa ukuthi izivumelwano ezinkulu zezizwe zonke zithola ukusekelwa okukhulu ngaphambi kokuba ziboshe i-United States.

Ingxenye 3 inikeza uMongameli amandla okwamukela amanxusa nezinye izikhonzi zomphakathi. lomsebenzi obonakala ungokwemikhosi empeleni unesilinganiso esiphawulekayo sokuxhumana, njengoba isinqumo sokwamukela noma sokwenqaba abameleli bakwamanye amazwe singabonisa ukuqashelwa noma ukungavunyelwa kohulumeni bakwamanye amazwe.

Umongameli unemithwalo yemfanelo emakhaya kubantu abahlala e-U.S. nasezweni lonke ekulolongeni ubuhlobo namanye amazwe nezinhlangano zomhlaba wonke. Izenzo zikamongameli zingathinta ukuphila kwabantu kwansuku zonke kanye nenkululeko yabo kanye nokuhle kwesizwe sonke kanye nedumela laso lomhlaba wonke.

Ukumiswa Nemibuso YamaPardon

UMongameli umisa futhi izinhloko zezinhlangano ze-Federal ezizimele ezingaphezu kuka-50, njenge-Federal Reserve Board ne-Secturalies and Exchange Commission, kanye namajaji e-Federal, amanxusa, nezinye izikhulu zikaMazwe. Lezimiso zokumisa ukumiswa kwemithetho kanye nokuchazwa kokwahlulela iminyaka eminingi noma ngisho namashumi angaphezulu kwegama likamongameli.

Umongameli umisa amajaji nonobhala abaphethe, kodwa lokhu kumiswa kumelwe kuvunyelwe yiSigele.

Lobu bunye buvumela amongameli ukuba babonise isihe, balungise ukungabi nabulungisa okucatshangelwayo, noma baqaphele ukuvuselelwa kwesimilo, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kuye kwaphikiswana lapho kusetshenziswa izinxulumani zezombangazwe noma ezimweni ezibangela ukungavumelani komphakathi.

Indlela Izinqumo Zomongameli Eziwuthinta Ngayo Umnotho

Enye yezindlela eziphawuleka kakhulu umongameli athinta ngayo ukuphila kwezakhamuzi kwansuku zonke inqubo yezomnotho. Nakuba umongameli engalawuli umnotho ngokuqondile, izinqumo zomongameli nezinto eziza kuqala zinethonya eliqinile ezimweni zezomnotho nasemiphumeleni.

Ithonya Lezomnotho Likamongameli

Abaholi nezimiso zabo zibalulekile. Nakuba umnotho uhlaselwa amandla amaningi ngaphandle kokulawula komongameli, izinqubo zabo ziwumphumela. Ukucwaninga kuye kwabonisa ukuthi umuntu weHhovisi le-Oval unethonya elikhulu ekutheni umnotho usebenza kahle kangakanani ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwabo.

Umongameli unethonya kuyo yomibili imithetho yemali nesimiso semali, kodwa ithonya aliqondile. Isimiso se-Fiscal sisetshenziswa ngesimiso sokusebenzisa imali kahulumeni. Nakuba umongameli engenza ukutusa mayelana nemali, ekugcineni womabili amagumbi oMkhandlu kumelwe adlulise imali. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amandla omnotho kamongameli axhomeke kakhulu ekhonweni lokusebenza noMkhandlu futhi akhe imifelandawonye ukuze kuthathwe izinhlelo zezimiso.

Isihlalo se-Fed, esikhethwe ngumongameli, sinethonya elikhulu endleleni eqhutshwa ngayo isimiso semali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalungu ebhodi yababusi (okuhlanganisa isihlalo), abamiswa futhi ngumongameli, banevota abaningi kwabangu-12 ekomitini yezimiso zemali. Ngakho uma behlangene, bangahlela uhlelo lwemithetho. Ngalokhu kumisa, abaphathi bakha isimiso semali esithinta amanani enzalo, ukwehla kwamandla emali, nokusebenza iminyaka eminingi.

Ukusabela Okunzima Nezimo Ezingokomnotho

Isenzo sobumongameli sibaluleke kakhulu ezikhathini zenhlekelele. Bobabili uMongameli Joe Biden nowayenguMongameli uDonald Trump kufanele bahlonishwe ngenxa yokusiza isimo somnotho ukuba sibhekane negalelo elikhulu lobhadane lweCOVID-19. UTrump wanikeza imali engaba nguR34 000 000 000 000 000 zemali esekelwayo neBiden. Konke lokhu kwasekelwa ngezimali ngokuboleka okungaphezulu kukahulumeni, okwanezela umthwalo wesikweletu esikweletini wezwe, kodwa ngaphandle kwezimali, izomnotho zaziyozama ukubuya.

Ezinkingeni, isenzo somongameli singaba nomphumela osheshayo nongenakulungiseka. Izazi eziningi zezomnotho zikholelwa ukuthi iqoqo lezincwadi u-Obama alisayina ekuqaleni ebaphathini bakhe lasiza ekunciphiseni imiphumela yokwehla kwezomnotho. Lezi zimo ezibucayi zibonisa ukuthi ukuhola komongameli kungenza umehluko obonakalayo ekuvikeleni imisebenzi, ukuvimbela ukuhluleka kwezebhizinisi, nokusekela ukululama kwezomnotho.

Isimiso Sezomnotho Sesikhathi Eside

Izimiso zikahulumeni eziphathelene nezintela, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, imfundo nesisekelo, konke kufeza indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni indlela ende ehambayo yezomnotho zaseMelika, kodwa kuthatha iminyaka eminingi uma kungewona amashumi eminyaka ukuba imiphumela yazo izwakale. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imiphumela yezomnotho yezinqumo zikamongameli ivame ukudlulela ngalé kwesikhathi esingaphezu kwesesikhathi sayo.

Umholi wezezomnotho uhlanganisa okungaphezu kokusabela nje ezimweni eziphuthumayo. Umbono onamandla wokuthi bafuna ukuthatha indawo yezwe ngezindaba zezwe, akunandaba ukuthi yini embonweni, uma nje unayo. Uma icacile, iphoqelela, futhi ikhona, futhi ikhona, izinto ezinhle. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ifilosofi engokomnotho kanye nesiqondiso sezimiso ezingaguquki zinezela emiphumelweni engcono yezomnotho.

Bobabili uBiden noTrump baye benza njengomongameli lokho abathi bazokwenza. Ngo-2016 uCandidate Trump wathi uzakumisa udonga lomngcele neMexico, aphakamise izigwegwe kubantu abaningi esisebenza nabo kwezohwebo, angene eChina ngamandla, anciphise imithetho yokukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli wemivubukulo nesimiso sezimali, futhi anciphise intela. Ngo-2020 uCandidate Biden wathi uzotshala imali ezisekelweni zemfundo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, nokushintsha isimo sezulu. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi umkhankaso uthembisa ngokuvamile ukuguqula isimiso esingokoqobo, okwenza kube balulekile ukuba abavoti bezwe baqonde amapulatime.

Ithonya Lobumongameli Ekunakekeleni Impilo

Isimiso sokunakekela impilo simelela enye indawo ebucayi lapho izinqumo zomongameli zithinta khona ngokuqondile izigidi zaseMelika. Indlela kamongameli yokunakekela impilo ihlela ukukwazi ukufinyelela izinkonzo zezokwelapha, umshuwalense, izindleko zemilaliso kadokotela, kanye nezinyathelo zempilo zomphakathi.

Kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika, amongameli baye bathatha izindlela ezihlukahlukene ekushintsheni izinkonzo zezempilo. UHarry Truman wanikeza uhlelo lwezomnotho olumahhala olungu 21 olufuna izinhlelo ezintsha zemisebenzi yomphakathi, umthetho oqinisekisa "umsebenzi ogcwele," umholo ophezulu, ukunwetshwa kwe-Fair Brood Practices Committee, i-Social Security System, kanye nesimiso somshuwalense wempilo wezwe lonke. Nakuba umshuwalense wempilo kaTruman wempilo wasungula ukunakekelwa kwezempilo njengendawo yokuqala kamongameli eqhubeka nanamuhla.

Umthetho we-Dwight Eisenhower owasayinwa owandisa i-Social Security, wandisa iholo eliphansi, futhi wasungula uMnyango Wezempilo, Imfundo neWelfare, futhi wasekela ukutshala imali ekhushuliwe ezisekelweni zezezimali zezwe. Le misebenzi ibonisa indlela amongameli abangathuthukisa ngayo ukunakekelwa kwempilo ngisho nalapho kunezinguquko eziphikisayo.

Izinqumo zobumongameli zokwelapha zithinta izimakethe zomshuwalense, iMedicaid ne Medicare, imithetho yokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, nokulungiselela impilo yomphakathi. Izenzo zokuqondisa zinganweba noma zilinganisele ukufinyelela izinkonzo ezithile, zishintshe izimfuneko eziqinile zezinhlelo zikahulumeni, futhi zithonye indlela abagcini bezokunakekela impilo abasebenza ngayo. Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngenqubo yokuthuthukisa impilo, vakashela ukuthutha kwempilo neNkonzo yomphakathi [[.

Umthetho Wemfundo Nomholi Womongameli

Imfundo imelela enye indawo lapho izinto eziza kuqala kumongameli zibangela khona amathuba ezigidi zabantu baseMelika.

Omongameli bathinta imfundo ngeziphakamiso zemali ezinquma ukusetshenziswa kwemfundo kahulumeni, ukumiswa konobhala bezemfundo abamisa izinto eziza kuqala ezisemnyangweni, nezimiso eziphathelene nezinhlelo zokuboleka imali ezithinta ukukhokha imali ekholeji.

Isimiso semfundo kahulumeni sithinta namalungelo omphakathi ezikoleni, ezinkonzweni zemfundo ekhethekile, nokusekela abafundi abaswele. Ukugcinwa kwamandla okulawula izinto okunquma ukuthi uhulumeni uphishekela kangakanani imfundo ehambisana nemithetho yemfundo kahulumeni. Lezi zinqumo zithinta izifunda zesikole ezweni lonke futhi zihlela amathuba okufundisa ezizukulwane zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo.

Imiphumela Yokulondeka Kwezwe Nemithetho Yangaphandle Ekuphileni Kwansuku Zonke

Izinqumo zikamongameli ngokuphathelene nokulondeka kwesizwe nesimiso sangaphandle zingabonakala zikude nezinkinga zansuku zonke, kodwa zithinta kakhulu ukuphila kwezakhamuzi. Lezi zinqumo zithonya kakhulu imisebenzi yezempi ethinta amalungu enkonzo nemikhaya yawo, imithetho yezohwebo ethinta imisebenzi namanani abathengi, kanye nobudlelwane obuhlanganisa ukuqina kwezizwe zonke.

Izivumelwano zezohwebo ezivunyelwa amongameli zithinta ukuthi imiphi imikhiqizo ekhona kubathengi futhi ngamalini. Imithetho yezohwebo ingavikela izimboni zasekhaya kodwa futhi ingandisa izindleko zezimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe. Izimiso zokuthutha zithonya izimakethe zezisebenzi, ukuhlanganiswa kwemikhaya, nokuhlukahluka kwempucuko. Usizo lwamazwe angaphandle nezinqumo zokungenela kwezempi zithinta ukuma kwembulunga yonke yaseMelika futhi zingaba nemiphumela emide yokhuseleko lwamazwe ngamazwe.

Ukusabela kukamongameli ezinkingeni zomhlaba wonke − kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukuxhumana kwezizwe, kwezomnotho, noma kwezempi kuthinta amanani egesi, ukuphepha, nokuzinza kwezomnotho. Indlela kamongameli yokuthintana nezinhlangano zamazwe ahlukahlukene ihlela ikhono leMelika lokuxazulula izinselele ezinjengezinguquko zesimo sezulu, izifo eziwubhadane, nobuphekula obungahloniphi imingcele yezwe.

Ihhovisi Eliphethe Nesisekelo Sikamongameli

Ukuze kunikezwe uMongameli ukusekela adinga ukukubusa ngokuphumelelayo, iHhovisi Eliphetheyo likaMongameli (EOP) lakhiwa ngo-1939 nguMongameli Franklin D. Roosevelt. I-EOP inomthwalo wemfanelo ngemisebenzi esuka ekudluliseleni isigijimi sikaMongameli kubantu baseMelika ukuya ekuthuthukiseni izithakazelo zethu zezentengiselwano kwamanye amazwe.

I-EOP, eqondiswa yi-White House of Staff, ngokwesiko ibiyikhaya labeluleki abaningi abaseduze kakhulu boMongameli. Nakuba kudingeka isiqinisekiso seSigele kwabanye abeluleki, njengoMqondisi weHhovisi Lokuphathwa Kwabaphathi noHlanzelo, abaningi bamiswa ngobuPresidenti obuphelele. Lesi sakhiwo sivumela amongameli ukuba bazizungeze ngabaphathi abathembekile abahlanganyela nabo umbono wabo futhi basize ekufezeni iziphakamiso zabo.

IHhovisi Eliphethe ihlanganisa amaqembu akhethekile asingatha yonke into kusukela ekulondekeni kwezwe kuya ekuxhumaneni kwezomnotho. La mahhovisi anikeza umongameli ukuhlaziywa kochwepheshe, ukuhlelwa kwezimiso eziqeshiwe zikahulumeni, futhi asiza ekuguquleni izinhlelo ezithatha kuqala zomongameli zibe izinhlelo ezisebenzayo. Ubungako nethonya le-EOP kuye kwakhula ngokuphawulekayo kusukela ekudalweni kwayo, okubonisa ukuyinkimbinkimbi okwandayo kwemithwalo yemfanelo yobumongameli.

Amasheke Nokulinganisela: Ukulinganisela Amandla Kamongameli

Nakuba umongameli enamandla amakhulu, isimiso saseMelika sihlanganisa izindlela eziningi zokuvimbela ukusetshenziswa kabi kwegunya eliphethe.

Ukuqondisa Okuyingqungquthela

Uma umongameli ekhipha isibeko, sibuyiselwa emuva eKhongolo, engadlula iveto. UKhongolo-mthetho lungadlula amavoti amabili-sithathu kokubili endlu naseSigeqeni. Lenqubo inzima futhi ingavamile kakhulu. Lemfuneko enkulu kakhulu iqinisekisa ukuthi umthetho osekela kakhulu kuphela onganqoba ukuphikiswa komongameli.

UKhongolose futhi usebenzisa amandla ngokulawula kwayo uhlelo lokuhlela imali, ikhono lokumisa imithetho ecindezela ukuphatha, kanye negunya layo lokwengamela. Amakomiti eSishaya-mthetho angahlola imisebenzi yegatsha eliphetheyo, amaphepha nafakazi abangaphansi, futhi aqule izikhalo eziletha ukunakekela komphakathi ezinqumweni zomongameli. Isiqinisekiso seSigele sokumiswa sinikeza ithonya loMkhandlu osebenza ezikhundleni eziyinhloko kulo lonke igatsha eliphethe.

Ukubukeza Kokwahlulela

Izinkantolo zingabukeza izenzo zobukhulu ukuze zinqume ukuthi zivumelana yini noMthetho - sisekelo nomthetho kahulumeni.

Izinkantolo ze-Federal ziye zalahla izenzo zomongameli ezidlula igunya lomthetho-mthetho, eziphula izimfuneko ezingokomthetho, noma zehluleka ukulandela izinqubo ezifanelekile zokuphatha. INkantolo Ephakeme isebenza njengomkhandi wokugcina wezingxabano phakathi kwegatsha eliphethe kanye namanye amagatsha kahulumeni. Lebungameli bokwahlulela buqinisekisa ukuthi amandla kamongameli agcinwa umthetho kunokuba asebenze ngaphandle kokucindezelwa.

Ukulandisa Nezikhulu Zase - democratic

Imingcele yegunya likamongameli incike ekuhlukaniseni kwemibuso nesimiso sokuhlola kanye nokulinganisela phakathi kwesikhulu, amagatsha omthetho nokwahlulela kahulumeni. Ukwethembeka kwezikhulu ezikhethiwe eKhongosweni yeSishayamthetho nalezo ezimiswe eNkantolo Ephakeme ukuze zihloniphe uMthetho-sisekelo, ukubusa komthetho nezindinganiso zedemokrati kubalulekile ekuhloleni amandla kamongameli.

Ezenza ngokuzimele, umongameli angathonya kakhulu futhi alungise izinqubo zezwe zezombangazwe futhi alungise izimiso zakhe zomphakathi. Nokho, amandla nethonya likamongameli lingase libe nemingcele, kodwa umongameli ngokwezombangazwe ngokuqinisekile unamandla abaluleke kakhulu eWashington. Lokhu kuphikisana phakathi kwamandla obumongameli nemingcele yomthetho-sisekelo kuchaza ukuphikisana okukhulu kwezombangazwe zaseMelika.

Igalelo Elikhulu: Ukukhulumisana Komongameli Nombono Womphakathi

Umongameli uTheodore Roosevelt wabiza umongameli ngokuthi "umthetho omkhulu" okungaphakanyiswa kuwo izimpikiswano ngokwesizwe, ngoba uma umongameli ephakamisa impikiswano, akunakwenzeka ukuba ixabane nomphakathi. Lo mbuso umelela elinye lamathuluzi kamongameli abaluleke kakhulu okulungisa isimiso nombono womphakathi.

Ukusetshenziswa kukamongameli "umthetho," igama elaqanjwa nguTheodore Roosevelt, lisho umongameli okhuthaza izimiso ezisebenzisa izinkulumo nezingxoxo. Umgomo uwukuveza ukusekela komphakathi ezimisweni zomphakathi nokucindezela komphakathi eSishaya - mthetho ukuze kuvumelane nemibono yomongameli kanye nokutusa. Omongameli banamuhla basebenzisa izingqungquthela zezindaba, amakheli atholwe phezulu, imithombo yezindaba yezenhlalo, nezinye iziteshi zokuxhumana ukuze bakhulume ngokuqondile nabantu baseMelika.

Umongameli wezokuxhumana uhlela indlela abantu baseMelika abaziqonda ngayo izindaba, izinkinga ezitholwayo, naziphi izixazululo ezibonakala zisebenza. Ngokugxilisa ukunakekela komphakathi ezinkathazweni ezithile, amongameli bangabangela ukuqhubekisela phambili ukumiswa kwemithetho yezomthetho noma basuse izinkulumo zenkulumo yezombangazwe. La mandla okuthonya asebenza ngokuhambisana nemibuso engokomthetho engokomthetho, avumela omongameli ukuba bathonye ngisho nalapho bengenalo igunya eliqondile lokulawula imiphumela.

Njengesikhulu esisodwa esimelela wonke umuntu e-U.S., umongameli kulindeleke ukuba abe ngumholi ohlanganisayo wesizwe sonke — hhayi nje eqenjini labo lezombangazwe noma abasekeli.

Indlela Izakhamuzi Ezingahlanganyela Ngayo Nobuholi Bomongameli

Ukuqonda amandla kamongameli kanye nemiphumela yawo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kumane kuyisinyathelo sokuqala. Ukuba umfowenu okhuthele kudinga ukuzihlanganisa nenqubo yezombangazwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ubuholi bomongameli bubonisa izindinganiso zomphakathi futhi bufeza okuhle okukodwa.

Ukunikela Nokuhlanganyela Ngokuzikhandla

Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu izakhamuzi ezithonya ngayo ukuhola komongameli ingovota. Ukhetho lukamongameli lwenzeka njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine, lunika amaMelika ithuba lokukhetha ukuthi ubani ozohola igatsha eliphethe. Nokho, nakuba izigidi zamaMelika zivota kukhetho lomongameli njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine, uMongameli akakhethwa ngokuqondile abantu. Isimiso se-Electoral College sisho ukuthi imikhankaso yobumongameli igxile kakhulu ezindaweni zokuncintisana, futhi umnqobi odumile wokhetho akabi umongameli ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Ukuvota okunolwazi kudinga izikhundla ezingokwezimiso eziqondisiwe, amarekhodi abo obuholi, kanye nombono wabo wesikhathi esizayo sezwe. Abavoli kufanele bacabangele indlela izimiso ezihlongozwayo zabahlongoze ukuthonywa okungathinta ngayo umnotho, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, imfundo, ukulondeka kwesizwe, nezinye izindaba ezithinta umphakathi wabo. Okhetho oluyinhloko luvumela izakhamuzi ukuba zithonye labo abafuna ukuthatha isigaba sabo, okwenza ukuhlanganyela ekungeni ezindlini kube uhlobo olubalulekile lwesivumelwano somphakathi.

Ukuhlala Uzazi Ngezenzo Zobumongameli

Izakhamuzi kufanele zihlale zinolwazi ngemithetho kamongameli ophethe. Ingabe iziyalezo eziphethe zivumelana nezindinganiso zethu zentando yeningi, imithetho noMthetho-sisekelo? Ingabe zihlasela amaqembu athile angavikelekile? Ingabe ziyawahlonipha amalungelo abantu bonke e-U.S.? Lemibuzo isiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlole ukuthi izenzo zobumongameli zivumelana yini nezimiso zomthetho-sisekelo nezindinganiso zentando yeningi.

Imithombo eminingi isiza izakhamuzi ukuba zilandele imisebenzi yobumongameli kanye nemiphumela yazo. Iwebhusayithi yeWhite House ikhipha iziyalezo zezikhulu, izimemezelo zomongameli, nezimemezelo zesimiso. Izinhlangano zezindaba zinikeza ukuhlaziywa kanye nomongo wezinqumo zikamongameli. Izinhlangano zobuNonpartin zihlola izenzo zikahulumeni futhi zihlole imiphumela yazo emiphakathini ehlukahlukene. Ukuze zibone incazelo engokomthetho ephathelene nezenzo zomongameli nezimiso, zivakashele Indlu emhlophe .

Ukuxhumana Nabameleli Nezikhundla Zobushiqela

Izakhamuzi zingathonya isimiso sobumongameli ngokuthintana nabameleli bazo abakhethiwe eSishaya - mthetho. Njengoba izinyathelo eziningi zomongameli zidinga ukuvunyelwa noma ukuxhaswa kwenhlangano, ukuxhumana nezikhulu ze-senethi kanye nabameleli bezimiso eziza kuqala kungathinta noma iziphakamiso zikamongameli ziphumelele noma zibhujiswe. Izokuxhumana kwamahhovisi e-Congression futhi zicabangele lapho zenza izinqumo mayelana nomthetho kanye nokwengamela.

La maqembu ahlela imikhankaso, anikeza ukwaziswa mayelana nomthetho osele ukhona, futhi axhumanise izinhlangano zezentando yeningi ezihlangene nezindinganiso zakho, akwenza uzizwe ukhululekile futhi akwenze usondelene nabanye abasebenzela imigomo efanayo.

Le misebenzi iveza ukukhathalela umphakathi, futhi yenza ukucindezela kwezimiso. Nakuba izenzo zomphakathi zingase zibonakale zizincane, zithinta isimo sezombangazwe somongameli.

Ukuba Nesibopho Sokulandisa Kubaholi

Ukuze sihlole ikhono likamongameli lokufeza imithwalo yemfanelo yehhovisi, kumelwe siqonde indima nemithwalo yemfanelo, amandla nemingcele egunya, nezimiso zokulandisa. Kumelwe sifune nokubheka icala labameleli bethu bakahulumeni eSikhungweni soMkhandlu nakuzo zonke izigaba zikahulumeni. Ngokuhlala saziswe ngezenzakalo zamanje, ukuvota, nokuhlanganyela emphakathini wakini, ungasiza ekwenzeni izwi lakho lizwe futhi uphoqelele umphakathi ukuba uqondise indlela enikeza ubulungisa kubo bonke.

Izimiso zokulandisa zihlanganisa ukuqondisa kwenhlangano, ukubukeza kokwahlulela, ukuhlola imithombo yezindaba, futhi ekugcineni inqubo yokukhetha. Izakhamuzi zinikela ekulandiseni ngokufuna ukuba abaqondisi babonakale, ukuphenya ngegunya, nokusekela izinhlangano ezihlola amandla kamongameli. Intando yeningi enempilo idinga izakhamuzi ezikhuthele eziqonda uhulumeni wazo futhi ezihlanganyela ekubekeni abaholi icala.

Ubukhosi Banamuhla: Buxazulula Izinselele Nomathemba

Umongameli uye wavela ngokuphawulekayo kusukela ekuthatheni umthetho-sisekelo. Omongameli banamuhla babhekene nezinselele abasunguli abangakaze bazicabange, kusukela kwizikhali zenuzi nobuphekula bembulunga yonke kuya ekushintsheni kwesimo sezulu nasekusongweni kokungalondeki kweze-inthaneti. La maqiniso amasha aye andisa imithwalo yemfanelo yobumongameli futhi aphakamisa imibuzo mayelana nobukhulu obufanele bamandla okubusa.

Abanye baye bakhuluma ngisho nangendima enwetshiwe yehhovisi elagcinwa uFranklin D. Roosevelt phakathi negama lakhe. Lokhu kwanda kubonisa kokubili ukuyinkimbinkimbi okukhulayo kokubusa nokuthambekela kokunqwabelana kwegunya egatsheni eliphethe phakathi nezinkinga. Izimpikiswano eziphathelene namandla kamongameli ngokuvamile zigxile ekutheni lokhu kwanda kufeza isithakazelo somphakathi noma kusongela ukulingana komthetho-sisekelo.

Ushintsho lwezobuchwepheshe lushintshe indlela omongameli abaxhumana ngayo, ukuqoqa ukwaziswa, nokusebenzisa indlela yokusebenza. Imithombo yezenhlalo ivumela omongameli ukuba bakhulume ngokuqondile nezigidi zamaMelika ngokushesha, bashaye indiva iziteshi zezezindaba ezingokwesiko. Ikhono lokuhlola ngamanani liphakamisa imibuzo ephathelene negunya lomuntu siqu negunya eliphethe. Izinsongo zidinga ukusabela okusheshayo okungase kungafanelani nezinqubo ezingokwesiko zokuzimela.

Ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kuye kwandisa indima kamongameli enkambisweni yezentengiselwano yezwe lonke. Izivumelwano zezentengiselwano, izimiso zemali, nemithetho yezezimali yamazwe ngamazwe konke kuhilela ukuhola umongameli. Ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kudinga ukubambisana kwezizwe ngezizwe okuxhomeke kakhulu ekulweni nomongameli. Lezi zinselele zomhlaba zifuna ukunakekelwa komongameli kuyilapho izinkathazo zasekhaya zisaphuthuma.

Ubuntu Bobunduna Nezimfanelo Zobuholi

Ngaphandle kwemibuso ehleliwe nezikhundla zesimiso, izimfanelo zobumongameli nomholi zithinta kakhulu imiphumela yokubusa. Indlela amongameli abazenza ngayo izinqumo, babhekane nezinkinga, basebenze nabanye, futhi baxhumane nomphakathi ngayo konke ukuphumelela kwabo.

Umongameli kufanele abonise izimfanelo zobuholi eziphakeme kakhulu futhi ahloniphe izindinganiso zentando yeningi. Lelithemba libonisa indima kamongameli njengophawu lwezindinganiso nezifiso zesizwe, hhayi nje njengomenzi wezimiso noma umphathi. Ukuziphatha komongameli kubeka indlela ethonya impucuko yezombangazwe nenkulumo yomphakathi.

Ukucwaninga ngobuholi bomongameli kuveza izimfanelo eziningana ezihlobene nempumelelo yomphathi. Ukubona nekhono lokuveza imigomo ecacile kusiza amongameli ukuba bakhe ukusekela izinhloso zabo. Izindaba zobuqhawe phakathi nempikiswano lapho kudingekile. Ukungaxegi kuvumela omongameli ukuba bazivumelanise nezimo ezishintshayo futhi bafunde emaphutheni. Ubuqotho bukha ithemba elisiza amongameli ukuba bahole ngokuphumelelayo ngisho naphakathi nezikhathi ezinzima.

Amakhono okuhlangana athinta ikhono likamongameli lokusebenza noMkhandlu, ukuxoxa nabaholi bakwamanye amazwe, nokwakha imifelandawonye ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo ezingokomthetho. Omongameli abangathonya, bahlehlise, futhi balondoloze ubuhlobo ngokuvamile benza okungaphezu kwalabo abathembele kuphela egunyeni elingokomthetho. Ukuhlakanipha okungokomzwelo kusiza omongameli ukuba bafunde izimo ngokunembile futhi babhekane ngokufanele nezinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ubuhlobo Phakathi Komthetho Kamongameli Nezinzuzo Zezomnotho

Ukuqonda indlela izimiso zobumongameli eziguqulela ngayo emiphumeleni yezomnotho kusiza izakhamuzi ukuba zihlole ukuhola futhi zenze izinqumo zokuvota ngolwazi. Nakuba amongameli bengalawuli umnotho, abakukhethayo ekusebenzeni kwezomnotho nasekusakazeni ukuchuma.

Iqembu likamongameli kanye neqembu elilawula iSishaya - mthetho lingaba nethonya elikhulu ekujuleni kokwehla kwezomnotho nesikhathi esithathayo ukubuya kukho. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi uhulumeni onobunye (8) lapho iqembu elifanayo lilawula kokubili ubumongameli noMkhandlu (h) ongase uvule iziphetho eziphumelelayo ezinkingeni zezomnotho, nakuba futhi kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngamandla anganqandeki.

Umongameli futhi unendima ekunqumeni ukuthi i-GDP ihlukaniswa kanjani phakathi kwezigaba zemali ezihlukahlukene nokuthi izisebenzi ezivikelayo ziyini ekulahlekelweni iholo lapho zilahlekelwa imisebenzi. Ukuthena intela kwabacebile nokusebenzisa imali encishisiwe emshuwalenseni womphakathi ozosetshenziswa abameleli bathambekele ekucebiseni inzuzo kwabacebile futhi banciphise izisebenzi zokuvikela ezinayo. Lokhu kuveza ukuthi isimiso sezomnotho somongameli asithinti ukukhula nje kuphela kodwa sizuzise kokwandiswa yileyo nzuzo.

Abaholi banamandla ezomnotho, futhi izimiso zabo zibalulekile. Ngempela, amongameli, kanye noMkhandlu, bangaba nethonya elikhulu ezomnotho, ekuzuzeni okuhle nokubi. Leli thonya lisebenza ngezindlela eziningi: isimiso sentela, ukuchitha izinto eziza kuqala, izindlela zokulawula, izivumelwano zezohwebo, nokuhlela ezikhundleni zezezomnotho.

Ukuqonda Ukuguqulwa Nokuphikelela Komongameli

Ukushintsha kobumongameli kumelela izikhathi ezibucayi lapho amandla enziwa kubaphathi abahlukene.

Inkathi phakathi kokhetho nokumiswa ivumela amongameli abafikayo ukuba balungiselele ihhovisi ngokukhetha amalungu ekhabethe, ukuthuthukisa izinqubo eziza kuqala, nokuthola ukufushaniswa kwezokulondeka kwesizwe nezinye izindaba eziphuthumayo. Ukuqondisa okungokwesiko kuyabambisana namaqembu ezayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushintsha okushelelayo, nakuba izinga lalokhu kubambisana liye lahluka phakathi kwezinguquko ezihlukahlukene.

Ezinye izinqubo ziyaqhubeka nabaphathi beqembu kungakhathaliseki ukuthi liyini, zibonakalisa ukuvumelana noma amandla enhlangano. Ezinye izinqubo zishintsha ngokuphawulekayo lapho umongameli omusha ethatha isikhundla, ikakhulukazi uma umongameli ozayo eseseqenjini elihlukile kunowayezandulele. Iziqondiso zokuqondisa zingashintshwa ngokushesha, kuyilapho izinguquko zemithetho zidinga ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuhlela futhi zithathe isikhathi eside ukuzisebenzisa.

Izisebenzi zomphakathi ezisebenzayo zinikeza ukuqhubekeka kwezindawo eziphethe, zilondoloza ulwazi lwezinhlangano futhi zisebenzise izinqubo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiliphi iqembu elilawula iWhite House. Lesi simiso esikhokhelwayo sisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi imisebenzi kahulumeni iyaqhubeka ngisho naphakathi kwezinguquko zezombangazwe, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi kuphakama izingxabano phakathi kwabamisiwe bezombangazwe nezikhulu zemisebenzi.

Ikusasa Lamandla Kamongameli Nokubusa Kwentando Yeningi

Njengoba iMelika ibhekene nezinselele ezintsha namathuba, imibuzo mayelana namandla obumongameli nokubusa kwentando yeningi isalokhu ibalulekile. Umongameli kufanele azivumelanise kanjani noshintsho lwezobuchwepheshe, ukuxhumana kwembulunga yonke, nezinsongo ezithinta imbulunga yonke?

Ezinye izingqapheli zikhathazekile ngokuthi amandla obumongameli akhudlwana, asongela ukulinganisela komthetho-mthetho nezimiso zentando yeningi. Zisekela ukuqondisa okunamandla kakhulu kwegunya eliphethe, imingcele ecacile emisiwe egunyani eliphethe, kanye nokuzibophezela okuvuselelwe kokuhlola nokulinganisela. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi izinselele zanamuhla zidinga ukuhola okuqinile komongameli nokuthi ukuhluleka okukhulu kuvimbela ukubusa okuphumelelayo.

Izimpikiswano eziphathelene namandla kamongameli ngokuvamile zibonisa ukungavumelani okukhulu ngendima efanele kahulumeni, ukulinganisela phakathi kokulondeka nenkululeko, nendlela yokuxazulula izinkinga zezenhlalo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ubuhlobo phakathi kwezakhamuzi nomongameli buyaqhubeka buzivelela. Ukuxhumana ngemishini kuveza amathuba amasha okufica umongameli kanye nezakhamuzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukukhathazeka ngokuqashelwa, ukuhlaliswa kwezindawo, nokuncishiswa kwentando yeningi kudinga ukuqapha nesabelo sezwe esinenkuthalo. Ikusasa lamandla kamongameli alixhomekile nje kuphela emithethweni engokomthetho kodwa nasekuzinikeleni kwezakhamuzi nabaholi ezindinganisweni zentando yeningi nasemithethweni esemthethweni.

Isiphetho: Indima Yakho Embusweni Wentando Yeningi

Indima kamongameli kuhulumeni waseMelika inamandla futhi icindezelwa, kodwa inethonya kodwa incike ekubambisanani namanye amagatsha nasekusekeleni umphakathi. Izinqumo zikamongameli zithinta umnotho, ukunakekelwa kwempilo, imfundo, ukulondeka kwesizwe, nezinye izici ezingenakubalwa zokuphila kwansuku zonke. Ukuqonda lokhu kuhlangana kunika izakhamuzi amandla okuhlanganyela ngokunenjongo nenqubo yezombangazwe futhi kubeke abaholi icala.

Umongameli akaqondisi zomnotho njengesikhulu noma umphathi wenkampani eqondisa inkampani. Umongameli unethonya ezomnotho, kodwa ithonya aliqondi ngokusebenza noKhongolo-mthetho, amise ukumiswa kweFederal Reserve nokusekela komphakathi. Ngakho nakuba imiqondo yezomnotho kamongameli ibaluleke ngempela, iqiniso liwukuthi kuthatha ngaphezu komuntu oyedwa — ngisho nomuntu onamandla kakhulu — ukuthutha ezomnotho.

Intando yeningi ephumelelayo idinga ulwazi, izakhamuzi ezibophayo eziqonda indlela uhulumeni osebenza ngayo futhi ezihlanganyela ngayo ekulolongeni indlela yawo. Ngokuvota, ukuhlala unolwazi, ukuxhumana nabameleli, nokuhlanganyela ekuphileni komphakathi, nisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukuhola kukamongameli kufeza isithakazelo somphakathi. Izindaba zenu ngoba ukuthatha kwenu isinyathelo sokubusa ngentando yeningi kuxhomeke ekubeni nezakhamuzi ezikhuthele, hhayi ekubukeleni nje.

Umongameli uzoqhubeka eshintsha njengoba iMelika ibhekene nezinselele ezintsha namathuba. Imibuzo eyisisekelo ayipheli: Singaqiniseka kanjani ukuthi amandla kamongameli asebenzisa izindinganiso zentando yeningi? Singalinganisela kanjani ukuhola okuphumelelayo nemingcele engokomthetho-sisekelo? Singaba kanjani nesibopho sokuba abaholi babhekane nezinkinga eziphuthumayo? Ukuthembisana kwakho nalemibuzo kusiza ekulolongeni izimpendulo eziyochaza imibuso yentando yeningi yaseMelika ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.

Ukuqonda indima kamongameli kanye nemiphumela yakhe ekuphileni kwakho akusona nje isidingo semfundo kuphela, kodwa kusiza noma ubani ofuna ukuthatha isinyathelo esiphumelelayo ekubuseni ngentando yeningi kwaseMelika. Izinqumo ezenziwa eOval Office zihamba ngezindlela eziningi emphakathini, zithinta amathuba, ukulondeka, ukuchuma, nokulunga. Ngokuqonda lokhu kuxhumana nokuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo enqubweni yentando yeningi, usiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukuhola komongameli kubonakalisa izindinganiso futhi kufeza izithakazelo zabo bonke abantu baseMelika.