Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Segunya Lombuso Ezemfundo Nempilo

I-United States Constitution, ngeSichibiyelo seshumi, igcina wonke amagunya angaphathiswanga ngokuqondile uhulumeni kahulumeni noma abantu. Lokhu kukhetha kwakha isimiso esihlelekile lapho amazwe ephethe khona igunya eliyinhloko [ nethonya eliphawulekayo [kuyi- ukunakekelwa okukhethekile]. Ngokungafani namazwe anemfundo eqinile noma izinkonzo zempilo, i-U.S. ithembele ekutholeni izakhiwo zezwe ezihlukene ezingamashumi amahlanu zentando yeningi, ukusondela kwawo siqu ezifundweni, impilo yomphakathi, nokukhokhela ezokwelapha. Lelungiselelo lokuthuthukisa nokusabela komphakathi kodwa liveza ukuhlukahluka komphumela, amazinga ahlukene, ukusekela, nokufinyelela kwemigqanye i-mo yezwe, i-U.S.

Ukuqonda ukuhlukaniswa okuqondile komthwalo wemfanelo phakathi kwezinhloko- dolobha zikahulumeni neWashington, D.C., kubalulekile kothisha, ochwepheshe bezempilo, abakhi bezimiso, nezakhamuzi abasebenzisa lezi zimiso nsuku zonke. Ukusetshenziswa kwegunya likahulumeni, ukuxhasa kwezimali zikahulumeni, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendawo kwenza ulwembu oluyinkimbinkimbi oluthinta ukuphila kwezigidi. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinqubo, izinselele, neziqondiso zesikhathi esizayo zikahulumeni ezibusayo ezimisweni ezimbili ezilandelayo ekuphileni kwaseMelika.

Ohulumeni BoMbuso Nokusungulwa Komthetho Wemfundo

Imfundo isalokhu ikhona, ngokwamazwi eNkantolo Ephakeme, "indaba ebalulekile ezindaweni. Akukho lungelo lomthetho-mthetho kahulumeni lemfundo; kunalokho, wonke umthetho-sisekelo wombuso uhlanganisa amalungiselelo aqinisekisa uhlobo oluthile lwemfundo yomphakathi. Le sisekelo esingokomthetho singuhulumeni abasemthethweni [ esikhungweni sokubusa kwemfundo, simisa izimfuneko zemfundo, ukusekela, ukuhlola, nokulandisa phakathi kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zezifunda zesikole zendawo.

Imfundo Kahulumeni Izinhlangano: Izakhiwo Nemisebenzi

Umbuso ngamunye usebenza inxusa lemfundo yesifundazwe () [SEA) [1] Ngokuphawulekayo liholwa isikhulu sesikole noma umphathi wemfundo ```ikhomishane'''' wenkambiso K-12'. Lezi zikhungo zihumusha izigunyazo zemithetho yokulawula imithetho, ukuvuma kwesikole, nokulawula ukugeleza kombuso ne-R36. Imithwalo ye-USC yandisa kakhulu kusukela ekudlulisweni kwe-Profection of the Faceariary and Secondary Education Act ngo-19656 nenguquko yamazwe anjengesithi No Child Lend Behind neSour Sevects Act (ES).

  • Intuthuko ejwayelekile yeCurculum: echaza lokho abafundi okufanele bakwazi ezingeni ngalinye lebanga eliphansi ezihlokweni ezinjengezibalo, ubuciko bolimi lwesiNgisi, isayensi, nezifundo zezenhlalo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinqumo zokuthi bangamukela yini izindinganiso zezifunda eziningi njengeCommon Core noma ukuthuthukisa ezinye izindlela eziklanywa ekhaya.
  • Ukuhlela ukuphatha:[ izinhlangano zemfundo zikahulumeni ziklanywe noma zikhethe ukuhlola okusesilinganisweni okusetshenziselwa ukulinganisela ukuphumelela kwabafundi, ukuhlola izikole, futhi kwanelisa izimfuneko zikahulumeni zokulandisa.
  • Umklamo wesimiso sokukhokha izimali: Ngaphansi kwe-ESSA, izifundazwe kumelwe zakhe izimiso zokulinganisela isikole ezihlanganisa amanani okuhlola, izilinganiso zokuthweswa iziqu, nezinye izimpawu ezifana nokungekho njalo noma ukuzimisela kwekolishi.
  • [ Ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa nokubika: ulwandle lulondoloza izimiso zemininingwane ezithatha isikhathi eside efunda ukuphumelela komfundi, iziqu zokufundisa, kanye nemali yesikole.

I- Ungqungquthela lwesizwe lwe-Legislatures inikeza imithombo enemininingwane elandelanayo ehlela indlela imfundo ebusa ngayo, kuhlanganise nokumiswa noma ukukhethwa kwamabhodi esikole nomphathi. Lokhu kukhetha kubonisa izimpikiswano ezijulile mayelana nokulandisa kwentando yeningi kanye nobuchwepheshe bezemfundo.

Ukuxhasa Isikole Ngemishini Nenselele Yokukhetha Okulungile

Ukuxhasa imfundo yomphakathi eUnited States kusuka emithonjeni emithathu eyinhloko: intela yentela kahulumeni, intela yendawo, neminikelo kahulumeni. Ngokwesilinganiso, izifunda zinikela cishe amaphesenti angu-47 engqikithi yemali ye K-12, nemithombo yendawo enikeza amaphesenti angu-45 nohulumeni ohlanganisa okusele. Lokhu kuthembela ezinkokhisweni zempahla zendawo kubangela ukuphikelela nokubhalwa kahle [[FLT: 0] ukuhlukanisa izakhiwo [[[[FLT: 1]] phakathi kwemiphakathi yabacebile nabathola imali ephansi.

Ohulumeni bahulumeni benza indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuzameni ukulingana la maqembu ahlukene phakathi phakathi kwe- ngokuthola izinhlelo zokuxhasa ngemali , ezimisa izinga eliyisisekelo lokusebenzisa imali ngayinye nokulungisa izici ezinjengokugxilisa ingqondo kobumpofu, iNgilandi, kanye nokungalingani kwezindleko zendawo. Amazwe anjengeCalifornia neMassachusetts aye ashukumisela ezimisweni zezimali ezihamba phambili eziqondisa imithombo yemali esebenzela abafundi abaswele kakhulu. Nokho, ukubekwa kwemali emali emalini yesikole ekhona, kanye nezingamangazwa ezikhona ezizweni ukusuka eTexas kuya eNew Jersey ezinqikelweni zemali eziyinseko zemfundo esemthethweni esemthethweni.

Imithombo yangaphandle: I- Commission of the States ilondoloza izinhlelo ezibanzi zokulandelela ama-ploging kahulumeni axhasa izimali, izimiso zemali yothisha, nemali yezesikole, inikeza ukwaziswa okuwusizo okulinganayo ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi amazwe ahlukene asondela kanjani enselelweni yokuthatha imvume.

Izindinganiso Zemfundo Neziyalezo

Ohulumeni baphethe igunya lokumisa izindinganiso ezikuqukethe ezichaza lokho abafundi okufanele bakufunde. Nakuba izifunda zendawo zilawula ngokwesiko izinqumo zezincwadi, izindlela zokufundisa, neminikelo yezifundo, izindinganiso zikahulumeni zidala amathemba abophekile okuklanywa kwezifundo. Ukusetshenziswa kwezindinganiso zesifundazwe ngamazwe angaphezu kwamashumi amane phakathi nonyaka ka-2010 kumelela enye yezindlela ezivelele zokubambisana kwezwe emlandweni wemfundo. Kodwa i-politiki yaholela emazweni amaningana ekulungiseni noma ekuthatheni lezozindinganiso ngokushintshanisa imfundo, kubonakalisa ukuqina okuhlala phakathi kwezinhlangano zesizwe nokulawula kwendawo.

Izinhlangano zemfundo yoMbuso zinquma futhi izimfuneko zasesikoleni esiphakeme zokuthweswa iziqu , kuhlanganise nenani lezikweletu ezidingekayo ezifundweni eziyinhloko, ukuthi abafundi kumelwe baphumelele ekuhlolweni kokuphuma, nokuthi yiziphi ezinye izindlela ezikhona kubafundi abakhubazekile noma abaphishekela umsebenzi wezemfundo yezobuchwepheshe. Lezi zimfuneko ziguqula ngokuqondile okuhlangenwe nakho kwabafundi kanye nemiphumela, zithonya ukulungiselela amakolishi, ukulungiselela, nokulingana namaqembu amanani.

Ukuphatha Impilo Endaweni YoMbuso

Ukunakekelwa kwempilo e-United States akuwona obala ngokuphelele noma uqobo; kuyisimiso esixubile lapho ohulumeni bezwe besebenzisa khona umthetho, i-fiscal, negunya lokuphatha. Izazi zezempilo ze-raisejins, izimakethe zokuqondisa, ukuphatha izinhlelo ezinkulu zezempilo, nokuvikela impilo yomphakathi. Umphumela uwumsebenzi wezimiso ezihlukene oveza imiphumela ephawulekayo ehlukene kakhulu ezakhamuzini kuye ngokuthi zihlalaphi.

Izinhlangano Zezempilo ZoMbuso: Izigaxa - mpilo Zezempilo Yomphakathi

Isifundazwe ngasinye silondoloza umnyango onamandla obekwe iso sokuvikela impilo yabantu, ukuvimbela izifo, nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezinkonzo zezempilo ezibalulekile. Leminyango isebenzisa izazi zezesayensi yezesayensi yendawo ezungezile, othisha bempilo, kanye nososayensi bezokucwaninga ngezifo ezithathelwanayo, abaqondisa iziqondiso zokuphepha ukudla, futhi balawule izinhlelo zokuvimbela izifo ezingapheli. I-COVIVAD-19 ezindaweni eziphambili zezempilo zesizwe njengoba befaka umthwalo wemfanelo wokuhlola, ukuxhumana nokwazisa, ukusakaza umjovolo, kanye nokuhlolwa komphakathi ngezindlela zokuxhumana komphakathi.

  • Ukuhlola nokuqubuka: iminyango yezempilo yoMbuso ihlola izifo ezibikwayo, ihlaziya ukwaziswa okuphathelene nezifo, futhi ihambisane nokusabela ekuqubukeni kwesifo esisukela kumkhuhlane kuya ekusebenziseni ngokweqile.
  • Izimiso zohlelo lokuvocation: Amazwe asebenzisa ukugoma futhi ukubhalisa, asasaza imijovo kubagodli, futhi asebenzise izimfuneko zokugoma kwesikole.
  • Imithetho yezindawo zokunakekela: yase-United States yemvume yezibhedlela, amakhaya asebegugile, izikhungo zokuhlinza, nezinye izikhungo zezempilo, ukuhlola ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zokuphepha nezinga eliphezulu.
  • Ukuphatha amarekhodi e-VITAL:[ iminyango yezempilo yoMbuso ilondoloza ukuzalwa nokufa kwamarekhodi, abalulekile ekucwaningeni impilo yomphakathi, izibalo zomphakathi, kanye nemibhalo echazayo.

Ukwakheka nokusebenza kweminyango yezempilo kahulumeni kuyahluka kakhulu. Ezinye izifundazwe zisebenzisa izimiso ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezinegunya eliqondile emagunyeni empilo endawo, kuyilapho ezinye ziphathisa izifundazwe noma iminyango yezempilo yedolobha amandla anele. Lokhu kushintshashintsha kwezindlela zokusabela kezempilo yomphakathi, njengoba kuboniswa phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19 lapho izifunda ezinezimiso ezihlangene kakhulu zithola amazinga okugoma asheshayo kanye namasu okuxhumana aqondene.

Ukubusa KwamaMedicaid Nempikiswano Yokwanda

Imedicaid ifana nesimiso esisodwa sokunakekela impilo esikhulu kunazo zonke esinikezwa ohulumeni bombuso. Ngokusekelana kohulumeni nohulumeni, iMedicaid inikeza inzuzo yezempilo kubantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-80 abathola imali ephansi, kuhlanganise nezingane, abesifazane abakhulelwe, abantu abadala, nabantu abakhubazekile. Kuleyo naleyo ebanzi imingcele kahulumeni, kunezimo ezivumelanayo zokunquma izingo zomnyango, inzuzo, iziphakamiso, izinkokhelo, ukukhokha izindleko, nokuklama kwesimiso sokuphatha.

I-Affordble Care Act ka-2010 yaveza indlela yokwandisa izifundazwe ukuze zihlanganise bonke abantu abadala abathola amaphesenti angu-88 esilinganiso sobumpofu obuphakathi kukahulumeni. Kusukela ngo-2025, amazwe angamashumi amane nesifundazwe saseColumbia aye athola ukwanda, kuyilapho izifundazwe eziyishumi zingatholanga. Le nqubo yokuwelela ngaphandle kwe-Medicaid inemiphumela enzima: amazinga aphakeme kakhulu, izibhedlela zasemaphandleni zibhekene nobunzima obukhulu obungokwezimali, futhi zithola abantu abadala kulezo zimo abaswele ukukwazi ukuvimbela nokuphatha izifo ezingapheli.

Imithombo yangaphandle: Kaiser Family Foundation ikhipha izinqumiso ezigunyaziwe zokubhalisela, ukuchitha, nokuhluka kwenkambiso ezindaweni, kuhlanganise namakhasi eqiniso eliningiliziwe lombuso abonisa ukuthi ukulingana nezinzuzo kuhluke ngokwendawo.

Amazwe futhi anikeza Uhlelo lwe-Englicancer Inshorensisment (CHIP) , oluhlanganisa izingane ezisemikhayeni ezinemali ephakeme kakhulu ukuba zifanelekele i-Medicaid kodwa iphansi kakhulu ukuba ikwazi ukukhokhela umshuwalense womuntu siqu. CHAP ijabulela ukusekela okukhulu kwe-bipartis futhi iye yafinyelela ukuncitshiswa okukhulu kwezinga elingenakulinganiswa lezingane, nakuba igebe elikhona ezingeni ezingasangangeni elingapheli ekutholeni imvume yokungena nokuzivuselela.

Ukushintsha Kwemishuwalense Nokubhekana Kwayo Ngamunye Nezimo

Ohulumeni basebenza njengezimiso eziyinhloko zomshuwalense wempilo othengiselwa phakathi kwemingcele yabo. ngemishuwalense yabo , basho ukubukeza izilinganiso zenani elicijile, ukuphoqelela izindinganiso zokuvikela zabathengi, futhi bengamele izinqumo zemali zezingqwebo ze-infirence. I-Afford Care Act esungulwe izindinganiso ezilinganiselwe zikahulumeni zokukhokhela, kodwa amazwe ayaqhubeka egunjini yemishuwalense, kuhlanganise nencazelo yezinzuzo zempilo ezidingekayo (ngezomthetho kahulumeni wokulondoloza izivikelo), izimfuneko zemali, kanye nomthetho wezimiso zokulinganisela okulinganiselwe.

Izifundazwe eziningi ziye zamisa imiyalo yazo yezempilo yabantu ukuba zithathe indawo yesijeziso sikahulumeni iSishaya-mthetho esasiqeda ngo-2019. Izifundazwe ezinjengeMassachusetts, New Jersey, Rhode Island, California, neVermont zifuna izakhamuzi ukuba zilondoloze intengo yezempilo noma zikhokhe isigwebo sentela kahulumeni, umthetho ohloselwe ukuqinisa izimakethengiso zemishuwane ngokukhuthaza abantu abanempilo ukuba babhalise futhi basakazekele emachibini abanzi. Lemiyalo kahulumeni ibonisa inguquko eqhubekayo emklamweni wezelweni yezempilo ngisho nanjengobasekuqhubeke kugcinwa uhulumeni.

Imishini Kahulumeni: Ukukhandleka, Ukucindezeleka, Nokulinganisela Kwamandla

Akukho kuxoxisana ngezindima zikahulumeni kuhulumeni emfundweni nasemkhakheni wempilo okuphelele ngaphandle kokuhlola ubuhlobo obuhlangene nohulumeni obuphethe inqubo yokulungisa isimo. Izwe lisebenza phakathi kwesimiso semithetho kahulumeni, iziqondiso, kanye nemibandela yezimali evumela futhi icindezele ukukhetha kwazo. Umphumela uhlanganisa ukuxoxisana okuqhubekayo phakathi kwezikhulu zikahulumeni nohulumeni ngenjongo yokulandisa, izintambo ezihlangene nemithetho ye-dollar, kanye nokubaluleka okufanelekile kwezindinganiso zombuso.

Ukusekela Imali Ngemicu Enamaqoqo

Iminikelo yezimali elungiselelweni lemfundo yezwe nezokunakekela impilo ihambisana nezimo ezithi lapho kuthathwa izinqumo zesimiso sikahulumeni esinethonya. Emfundoni, i-All Students Receeds Act idinga izimo zokuvivinya abafundi minyaka yonke ekufundeni nasezibaloni amamaki amathathu kuya kweyesishiyagalombili nakanye esikoleni esiphakeme, ibika ukuthi impumelelo ebekwe ngokwezemali iqediwe, futhi iphawula izikole ezidinga ukusekelwa okubanzi. Amazwe amukela iSiqu semali Sokuxhasa abafundi abasweleyo kumelwe avumelane nalezi zimfuneko, ngisho nalapho izikhulu zikahulumeni zikhetha ukuphendula okuhlukile.

Kukunakekela kwezempilo, isakhiwo sikahulumeni esihambelanayo sikaMedicaid sidala izisusa ezinamandla ze-fiscal ukuze izifunda zikwazi ukwandisa, ukwamukela izilinganiso zemali ezisekelwe entengo, futhi ubeke izinkonzo ezisekelwe ekhaya nasemphakathini. Uhulumeni ubeka izindinganiso ezilinganiselwe ezihlobene nokuthola isivikelo, izinga lokulinganisa, nobuqotho besimiso. Izwe elifuna ukuvumelana ekuhloleni izimiso zokuveza izindleko ezintsha lingasebenzisa ukuboniswa kwemiboniso ye-ravers[, okuvumela izindlela zokuhlola ukungeniswa nokunikeza inzuzo yokukhokha iziqondiso ezisuka emithethweni ehlelini evamile. Lezi zimposiso zezimiso zomthetho eziqinile, izisusa ezinempilo, namalungiselelo okunakekelwa komphakathi.

I-open yangaphandle: Ama-Center e-Medicare kanye ne-Medicaid Services alondoloza i-metarchers evumelekileyo ka-Medicaid, enikeza ukubonakala ngendlela izinhlelo zawo ezisemthethweni lapho zisebenza ngaphakathi kwemikhawulo ye-guve.

Umfundi Wonke Uphumelela Endleleni Nokuvumelana NoMbuso

Ukudlula kwe-ESSA ngo-2015 kwaphawula ukuncishiswa kwegunya eliphawulekayo lokubuyela emuva kuhulumeni kahulumeni wezemfundo ezizweni ezisemithethweni. Uma kuqhathaniswa noNo Child Lend Bend, ESSA inikeza inkululeko enkulu ekuklameni izimiso zokulandisa, ukubeka imigomo yokuphumelela kwabafundi, nokunquma ukungenela ezikoleni eziphansi. Izwe lingahlanganisa izilinganiso zezinga lesikole noma impumelelo yabafundi edlula izinga eliphezulu lokuhlola, njengokungabi khona kwemfundo yamahlala njalo, ukuzimisela kwekholiji, noma ukufinyelela ekutholeni izifundo eziphambili. Lokhu kuvumela ukuba kufinyelele emongweni yalo ndawo lapho kugcinwa iziteshi zikahulumeni ezingaphansi kwe-ectivesssssss nokukhanya kwabafundi abangaphansi kwamaqembu abafundi abasebenzayo.

Izinselele Eziphikelelayo Ezibhekene Nohulumeni Bombuso

Naphezu kwegunya labo eliqinile, ohulumeni bombuso babhekana nokwakhiwa, ukuncitshiswa kwenani labantu okubangela ukuba kube nzima ukunikeza imfundo ephakeme nokunakekelwa kwempilo. Lezi zinselele azisakazwanga kakhulu emazweni; ezinye zibhekene nezingcindezi ezinkulu kuyilapho ezinye zisebenzisa izimo ezingcono.

Izimo Eziyisisekelo Zokusebenzisa Imali Nezici Eziza Kuqala

Uhulumeni uhlela umbango ongapheli phakathi kwemigoqo yemali kanye nezidingo ezikhulayo zezinkonzo. Imfundo nokunakekela impilo ndawonye kuveza ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yemali echithwayo kahulumeni, ngokuvamile kudla ingxenye engaphezu kwengxenye yezindleko ezivamile zezimali. Ukuwohloka kwezomnotho, njengokuntengantenga komnotho okubangelwa umqedazwe we-COVOVAD-19, kudala ukuhluleka kwemali okungalindelekile okuthi amandla anciphise ukuxhaswa kwemfundo noma alinganise ukukhokhelwa kwempilo ngesikhathi izakhamuzi zidinga ngaso kanye. Ngokungafani nohulumeni wezwe, izifunda eziningi zisebenza ngaphansi kwezimfuneko zemali ezilinganiselwe, zinciphisa ikhono lazo lokuncishiswa kwemali ngezikhathi zenhlekelele.

Imali esetshenziswayo esetshenziswayo idlula inzuzo kahulumeni ngokuqhubekayo ukukhuphuka kwemali ekhona ngenxa yezindleko ezinyukayo zokunakekelwa kwempilo, amanani asebegugile, nokwanda okukhulayo kwezimo ezingamahlalakhona. Amazwe kumelwe enze ukukhetha okunzima ngokuphathelene nokukhokha izilinganiso zosizo, ukuzuza, kanye nemigoqo eqinile, ukulinganisa ukusekelwa kwemali ekutholeni ukunakekelwa. Ngokufanayo, ukuxhaswa kwemfundo kuyaphikisana nokulungisa, ukuthutha, nezinye izinto eziza kuqala, okuholela ezingxabalweni zesikhathi ngasinye ngokuphathelene nokuwohloka kwemali, ukulingana, ukulingana, kanye nendima efanele yemali kahulumeni ehambisana nemali yendawo.

Izinhlafuno Nezakhiwo Ezihlukene

Inani laseMelika liguga, lihluka kakhulu ngokobuhlanga nangobuzwe, futhi ligxile kwezinye izindawo kuyilapho ezinye izindawo zibhekene nokuncipha kwenani labantu. Lezindawo ezivamile zidinga imfundo kahulumeni nezimiso zokunakekela impilo. Amazwe anabantwana abakhula ngokushesha kumelwe aqongelele ekwakheni isikole, ukuqashwa kothisha, nezinhlelo zasekuqaleni zobuntwana. Amazwe anabantu asebekhulile abhekene nezindleko ezikhuphuka kakhulu ze-Medicare ne-Medicaid, izindleko ezandisiwe zezemisebenzi yokunakekela abantu abahlala isikhathi eside, kanye nokuntula okungalindelekile kwezisebenzi zezempilo.

Izinga eliwukungalingani ngohlanga, ubuzwe, inzuzo, kanye nokwakheka komhlaba kuhlala kuphikelela ngenkani naphezu kwentuthuko yempilo yezakhamuzi. Ohulumeni boMbuso banethuba elikhulu lokukhuluma ngalokhu kulunga ngokutshala imali eshicilelwe ezikhungweni zezempilo zomphakathi, ukunakekela okunekhono ngokwesiko, abavikeli bezempilo, nokuqoqwa kokwaziswa okuveza ukwahlukana. Nokho, intando yezombangazwe namandla okulawula kuyahluka, futhi intuthuko iye yahlukahluka, futhi iye yaqhubeka ngokungafani phakathi kwezindawo zezempilo nenkathi.

Ukweqisa Kwezombangazwe Nokuqina Kwesimiso

Ukwanda kokuwohloka kwezombangazwe zaseMelika kunemiphumela eqondile yokubusa kwezwe emfundweni nasekunakekeleni impilo. Ukushintsha kokulawula kweqembu lezishaya-mthetho zesifundazwe nemikhumbi yombuso kungaveza ukuguqulwa kwenqubo okuphawulekayo: ukwanda noma ukuhlanganiswa kwe-Medicaid, ukuthathelwa noma ukuhlanganiswa kwezindinganiso zemfundo, ukwanda noma ukwehla kwezindlela zemfundo zokuxhasa imali, kanye nokuncishiswa kwemithetho yezentengiselwano yezentengiselwano. Ukuntengantenga kubangela ukungaqiniseki kwezindawo zesikole, izikhundla zempilo, nemikhaya, okumelwe kuvumelane nokushintshashintsha kwemithetho yezemfundo yezemfundo, kanye nezinga lokuxhasa imali.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlaliswa kwezindawo kuye kwaholela ezinye izizwe ukuba ziphishekele amasu okususa , lapho ohulumeni bombuso belinganisela khona igunya lamadolobha futhi balinganise khona izinqubo zendawo ngezemfundo nangempilo. Izimpikiswano ngokuhlehliswa kwemithetho ehholo elilinganiselwe lendawo, ukukhokha izimfuneko ezigulayo, futhi intela ibonisa izinga elimile le-socialism phakathi kwezifunda, ukwenezela olunye ulwelwesi lobu bunzima emfanekisweni wezobubusi.

Ukubuyiselwa Nenguquko: Izinhlangano Zentando Yeningi Ziyasebenza

UMahluleli weNkantolo ePhakeme uLouis Brandeis wachaza ngokudume ngokuthi "imisebenzi yokuklama yentando yeningi," futhi izindawo zemfundo nokunakekela kwezempilo ziyaqhubeka ziveza izinqubo ezazisa izimpikiswano zezwe. Izwe lizama izinhlelo zesikole ezizozikhetha ezihlanganisa izikole zomthetho - mvume, izinhlelo zokuqinisekisa izimali zemfundo, ama-akhawunti emfundo, nezikole zikazibuthe, ngasinye esinezici zomklamo ezihlukene zomklamo nobufakazi. Kukunakekela kwezempilo, kumazwe asebenza ngokukhokhwaza inani elisekelwe eMedicaid, sisungula izinhlelo zokulungisa izindleko zemali ukuze kuqinisekiswe izimakethengiselwano zomshuwalensele, futhi senze izindlela zokukhokha umphakathi.

I-States ihola futhi data ukubonakala kokukhanya kanye nokwenza ubufakazi benkambiso. Umshuwalense wempilo we-Oregon usebenza njengesibonelo sobuchwepheshe bokubhalisela nosizo lwabathengi. I-K-12 ye-Tennessee isekela izinguquko ezigcizelela ukusekela kwemali yabafundi nokuziphendulela. IColorado neWashington ziye zahlola iziphakamiso zempilo yendawo yonke ezingase zilungise imingcele phakathi komphakathi nomshuwalense. Le mizuliso yombuso iveza ulwazi olungathola kwezinye izikhundla nabenzi bemithetho yezemithetho yezwe, zifaka impumelelo evumelana nokuvumelana nezimiso ze-mishuwase-Americanstism.

Isiphetho: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Kukhona Kokubusa Kombuso

Indima yohulumeni abaphethe emfundweni nasekunakekeleni kwezempilo ayikona nje ukuphatha kodwa ilawula indlela i-demokrasi yaseMelika esebenza ngayo. Izwe liguqula izibopho zomthetho-sisekelo ezibanzi zibe yizimiso eziqondile ezihlela ukuthi izingane zingafunda yini, ukuthi imikhaya ingakwazi yini ukukhokhela impilo, futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imiphakathi iyaphumelela noma iyalwa. Ukubekwa kwegunya ekulawuleni kwenza ukuba kukwazi ukusabela ezindinganisweni nasezimweni zendawo, kodwa futhi kuveza ukubekela inselele okubekela izifiso zesizwe ithuba nempumelelo.

Othisha, ochwepheshe bezempilo, kanye nezakhamuzi bazuza ngokuqonda izakhiwo ezilawula isilinganiso sikahulumeni ezithinta umsebenzi wabo nokuphila. Izinhlangano zemfundo yoMbuso, iminyango yezempilo, izishaya-mthetho, nababusi basebenzisa amandla anquma ukuxhasa isikole, izindinganiso zohlelo, iMedicaid eligigition, amandla empilo yomphakathi, nemithetho yomshuwalense. Ukuhlanganyela nalezi zikhungo ngokuzisebenzela, ngokuvota, ngokufundela, nangokwenza ubuchwepheshe, nokuhlola umphakathi kubalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa lemfundo nezokunakekelwa kwempilo eUnited States.

Njengoba ukuguquka kwenani labantu, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokucindezela kwezentengiselwano kuqhubeka kulungisa kokubili izindawo zesimiso, ohulumeni bombuso bayohlala bephambili ekuhlolweni nasekuxazululeni izinkinga. Impumelelo yabo nokwehluleka kunikeza izifundo kuso sonke isizwe, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kombuso wombuso njengesisekelo sokubusa okuvumelanayo nokuhlala njalo, okuncintisanayo nokukhiqizayo.