Table of Contents

Ukuqapha nokubhikisha kuyizinsika eziyisisekelo zenhlangano yentando yeningi, ezisebenza njengezinqubo eziyisisekelo izakhamuzi ezingaveza ngazo ukungavumelani, zithonye isimiso somphakathi, futhi zibeke ohulumeni icala. Ilungelo lokuhlanganyela nezakhamuzi ezikanye nazo ekubhikisheni noma ukuhlangana okunokuthula libalulekile embusweni wentando yeningi osebenzayo nakumnyombo weSichibiyelo Sokuqala eUnited States, kuyilapho ngokwezizwe zonke, lamalungelo avikelwa ngaphansi kwezimiso ezihlukahlukene zamalungelo abantu. Ukuqonda isivikelo esingokomthetho esivikela lemisebenzi kubaluleke kakhulu kunoma ubani ofuna ukuhlanganyela ezivumelwaneni zomphakathi nasezimisweni zentando yeningi.

Lo mqondisi obanzi uhlola indlela imithetho evikela ngayo ilungelo lakho lokusekela nokuphikisa, ihlola izisekelo zomthetho-sisekelo, izindinganiso zamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke, ukulinganiselwa okusebenzayo, kanye nokuhlanekezelwa kwamalungelo okuphikisa enkathini yonyaka. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlela ukuhlanganyela ekubonisweni ngokuthula, ukuhlela umbuthano, noma ukufuna nje ukuqonda amalungelo akho omphakathi, lesi sihloko sinikeza ukwaziswa okubalulekile mayelana nomthetho owenze lenkululeko eyisisekelo futhi ivikele lenkululeko.

IZisekelo Zomthetho - sisekelo Zamalungelo Okulwa E - United States

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala: I - Cornerstone Yamalungelo AseMelika

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala KuMthetho - sisekelo WaseUnited States sivimbela uKhongolose ekwenzeni imithetho ephathelene nokumiswa kwenkolo; ukunqabela ukusebenzisa inkolo ngokukhululekile; noma ukuvimbela inkululeko yokukhuluma, inkululeko yezindaba, inkululeko yokuhlangana, noma ilungelo lokunxusa uhulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalo. Yamukelwa ngoDecember 15, 1791, njengenye yezinguquko eziyishumi ezakha iSikhathi Samalungelo Abantu.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala soMthetho - sisekelo waseUnited States sinikeza isivikelo ezenzweni eziningi zokubhikisha ngokuvikela ilungelo lokuqhuba umhlangano wasobala onokuthula nelungelo lokukhuluma ngenkululeko.

ISichibiyelo sokuqala sivikela ilungelo lakho lokuhlanganisa nokuveza imibono yakho ngokubhikisha. Lesivikelo sidlulela ngalé kwamazwi akhulunywayo ahlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokukhuluma. INkantolo Ephakeme iye yanquma ukuthi amalungelo okukhuluma ngenkululeko avikelwe yiSichibiyelo sokuqala ahlanganisa igama elilotshiwe nezinye izinhlobo zokuziphatha okungasho lutho. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthumelelana imiyalezo nge-trort noma ukufaka i-athomu eliboshwe impi yizindlela zolimi noma inkulumo evikelwe yiSichibiyelo Sokuqala.

Inkululeko Yokuzihlanganisa Nomhlangano

Ngaphandle kombhalo ocacile weSichibiyelo Sokuqala, iNkantolo Ephakeme iye yaqaphela isivikelo esengeziwe esisekela ilungelo lokubhikisha. Inkantolo futhi iye yanquma ukuthi inkululeko ihlanganisa inkululeko yokuhlangana. Nakuba le nkululeko ingashiwonga eSichibiyelweni Sokuqala, iNkantolo iye yathi "iyindlela ebalulekile yokulondoloza" amanye amalungelo okuQalela Inguquko Yokuqala. Ngakho, iNkantolo iqaphela ilungelo leSichibiyelo sokuqala lokuzikhulula ngenjongo yokuhlanganyela engqungqutheleni, ekukhulumeni, kwezinye izimemezelo, nezinye izenzakalo zokuHluzwa kokuqala.

Lenkululeko yokuhlangana ibaluleke kakhulu ekuhleleni imikhankaso yokubhikisha nokudlalela. Ivikela ilungelo labantu lokuhlangana ndawonye, ukwakha izinhlangano, futhi ihlanganise iqembu liphishekela imigomo efanayo ehlobene noshintsho lwezenhlalo nezombangazwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ilungelo lokukha amaqembu obushiqela, ukujoyina izinhlangano zezombangazwe, nokuhlanganyela emibhikishweni ehleliwe.

Intuthuko Engokomlando Nezenzakalo Ezivelele

Sekuyisikhathi eside izinkulumo zokubhikisha ziyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kwaseMelika, zisetshenziswa ukuze zidonsele ukunakekela ezimpini ezibucayi, izenzakalo, nokungabi nabulungisa.

INkantolo Ephakeme iye yasungula izibonelo ezibalulekile ezivikela amalungelo okuvukela emacaleni ahlukahlukene aphawula izenzakalo. ETexas uJohnson (1999), iNkantolo yakhipha isinqumo esicacile sokuthi ukushiswa kwefulege kuwuhlobo lwenkulumo evikelwe, ibonisa ukuthi ngisho nezindlela eziyimpikiswano zokuvukela ezingokomfanekiso zithola isivikelo somthetho - sisekelo.

KuTinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School (11969), iNkantolo Ephakeme yanikeza abafundi amalungelo okukhuluma ngenkululeko esikoleni. Icala lahilela abafundi abaningana abajeziswa ngokugqoka izindonga zengalo ezimnyama ukuze baphikise iMpi yaseVietnam. INkantolo yanquma ukuthi isikole sasingenakuyivimbela inkulumo engokomfanekiso eyayingathi "ngokungokoqobo" ukuphazamisa imisebenzi yesikole. Lelicala lasungula ukuthi amalungelo adluliselwa ngisho nakubafundi abafundayo, uma amazwi abo engaphazamisani kakhulu nendawo yokufunda.

Isimiso Sokusebenzela Amalungelo Abantu Emhlabeni Wonke

UBufakazi Bomhlaba Wonke Bamalungelo Abantu Nezivumelwano Zezizwe Zonke

Ilungelo lenkululeko yokuhlangana nokuhlangana ngokuthula livikelwe isihloko 20 se - Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Le ncwadi yesisekelo, eyamukelwa iZizwe Ezihlangene ngo - 1948, imisa amalungelo okuphikisa njengamalungelo abantu ayisisekelo aqashelwa emhlabeni wonke.

Uma kubhekwa umthetho wezizwe zonke, amalungelo enkululeko yokuhlangana, ukuhlangana okunokuthula nokuvezwa kuqashelwa ezivumelwaneni ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise neSivumelwano sezizwe zonke samalungelo omphakathi nawawopolitiki. Ndawonye, lamalungelo akha ilungelo lokuphikisa. Izivumelwano eziningi zamazwe ngamazwe ziqukethe ukumiswa okucacile kwelungelo lokuzazisa. Izivumelwano ezinjalo zihlanganisa i-European Convention on Human Rights, ikakhulukazi iZiphakamiso 9 kuya ku-11; ne-19666 International Covenent on Civil and Politic Rightss, ikakhulukazi iZiphakamiso 18 kuya ku 22.

Lokho Okubangela Umhlangano Onokuthula

Wonke umuntu unelungelo lenkululeko yokuhlangana ngokuthula nenhlangano, okuyizingxenye ezibalulekile zentando yeningi. Ilungelo lomhlangano onokuthula lihlanganisa ilungelo lokuqhuba imihlangano, ukuhlalisana, izibhelu, imibuthano yemikhosi, izenzakalo noma ukubhikisha, kokubili ngaphandle kolayini nakuyi-webhusayithi. Lencazelo ebanzi ihlanganisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene zezenzo nenkulumo.

IKomiti yamaLungelo abantu yeUN icacile kulokhu ekuPhakelweni kweSikhulu 37 lapho bechaza khona ukuthi ilungelo lokuhlangana ngokuthula livikela umbuthano ongenabudlova wabantu ngezinjongo ezithile, ngokuyinhloko eziveza incazelo. Lokhu kugcizelela ukuthi injongo eyinhloko yemihlangano evikelwe ukukhulumisana nokuveza imibono, izindinganiso, noma ukungavumelani.

Kubalulekile ukuthi umhlangano awunakubhekwa njengonobudlova noma ongenabo ukuthula ngenxa nje yokuthi uhilela ukuphazamiseka kwenhlangano noma ukungalaleli komphakathi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukubhikisha okubangela iziphazamiso noma ukuphazamiseka kwesikhashana kwemisebenzi evamile kungafaneleka njengemihlangano enokuthula efanelwe isivikelo esingokomthetho, uma nje ingahileli ubudlova.

Indima Yemikhakha Yamalungelo Abantu Emhlabeni Wonke

I-OHCHR inikwe igunya lokuthuthukisa nokuvikela ilungelo lomhlangano onokuthula. I-Office kaKhomishane Ophakeme Wamalungelo Abantu isebenza emhlabeni wonke ukuze iqinisekise ukuthi ohulumeni bahlonipha futhi bavuselele amalungelo abo. ISikhulu siphendula ngokuthi No. 37 seKomiti yamaHulumeni yamalungelo abantu inikeza umbono ocacile ngelungelo lomhlangano onokuthula, ichaza imithwalo yemfanelo yamazwe ekuqinisekiseni ilungelo kanye nokunikeza isiqondiso kwabahleli ababhikishi.

Inkululeko yokuhlangana ngokuthula neyokuhlangana isebenza njengemoto yokusebenzisa amanye amalungelo amaningi aqinisekiswe ngaphansi komthetho wezizwe zonke, kuhlanganise namalungelo enkululeko yokukhuluma nokuhlanganyela ekuziphatheni komphakathi. Loluhlobo oluhlangene lwamalungelo lubonisa indlela ukubhikisha okusebenza ngayo njengendlela yokuhlanganyela ekwandeni kwentando yeningi.

Isivikelo Esingokomthetho Ekucindezelweni Kukahulumeni

Ukuvinjelwa Kwemingcele Yezomthetho

Noma ikuphi ukulinganiselwa kukahulumeni emihlanganweni enjalo kumelwe kuhlangane nemithetho engokomthetho ukuze kubhekwe njengomthetho - sisekelo.

Ohulumeni babengenakukwenqabela ukubhikisha ngokwenza “izikhombo eziqanjiwe zokuhleleka komphakathi noma ukuphepha komphakathi, noma ingozi engacacile yokuba nobudlova. ” Iziphathimandla kumelwe zinikeze izaba eziqondile, eziqinile zanoma imiphi imingcele ezifuna ukuyibeka emihlanganweni enokuthula, kunokuba zithembele ezinkathazweni ezingacacile noma ezicatshangelwanga.

Isimiso esiqondisayo emlandweni wesizwe siwukuthi uhulumeni noma iliphi izinga angawaphula amalungelo ethu okuQala ngokubonisa isidingo esibaluleke kakhulu, njengosongo olusheshayo ekulondekeni komphakathi, futhi kuphela ngezindlela ezingase zibe yingozi ethatha isikhathi esifushane kakhulu esidingekayo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo. Lesi simiso sokuzingeniswa okuncane siqinisekisa ukuthi noma imiphi imigoqo ihlangene ngokulinganiselwe futhi ifanelana nezithakazelo ezingokomthetho zikahulumeni.

Isivikelo Emathanjeni Eqile

Ngezinye izikhathi izikhulu eziqasha umthetho ziphula leli lungelo ngezindlela ezihloselwe ukubhuntshisa ukuvezwa komphakathi ngenkululeko. Kwezinye izimo, amaphoyisa achitha imibhikisho ngokubopha abantu abaningi, ngokusebenzisa izikhali ngokungemthetho, noma ngezikhathi zokwethulwa.

Amaphoyisa kumelwe agweme ukusebenzisa amandla noma nini lapho kungenzeka. Ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, njengokuboshwa, noma ukusetshenziswa kwezikhali ezinamaphiko amancane, akufanele kubekwe ababhikishi ngaphandle kokuba kungagwenywa nhlobo. Uma amandla esetshenziswa ngumbuso kumelwe enziwe ngokuvumelana nomthetho wezizwe zonke.

Abamangaleli babhekene nengozi ekhulayo yokulimala okungathi sína – ngisho nokufa cishe ezandleni zamabutho ezokuphepha. Lokhu ngokuvamile kubangelwa izici ezimbili; ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwamathuluzi aklanyelwe ukuhlukumeza; ukusetshenziswa ‘ kwemishini yamaphoyisa esemthethweni ’ ngendlela ebeka abantu engozini engadingekile yokulimala. Izinhlangano zamalungelo abantu zomhlaba wonke zisebenza ukuveza lokhu kuxhaphaza futhi zisekela izindinganiso ezifanele kumaphoyisa alwa namaphoyisa.

Imishini Engalandisa

Uma umthetho uvala amalungelo ababhikishi, kukhona izindlela zokulandisa ezingokomthetho ezinikeza amakhambi. Ukuqashelwa kwamalungelo abantu kufanele kudlulele nasemaphoyiseni ngokulawula ukubhikisha, uma ehlulekile ukusebenzisa umyalo ophumelelayo nokulawula. Izigwebo kumelwe zinikezwe izisulu noma abasinda ezenzweni noma eziphulweyo ezingabizwa ngokuthi ziwumbuso futhi zisho ukwephulwa okukhulu komthetho wezizwe zonke.

Lezi zinyathelo zokulandisa zisiza ekunxephezeni izisulu nasekuvimbeleni ukwephulwa kwesikhathi esizayo.

Imingcele Yesikhathi, Indawo, Neyomuntu

Ukusetshenziswa Komthetho - sisekelo Kwemingcele Enengqondo

INkantolo Ephakeme iye yamisa ukuthi isikhathi, indawo, nezindlela zokuvimbela amalungelo eSichibiyelo Sokuqala ngokuvamile kungokomthetho uma nje zingathathi hlangothi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba ohulumeni bengenakukuvimbela ukuphikisa okusekelwe esigijimini esishiwoyo, bangabeka imithetho enengqondo yokuthi kunini, kuphi, futhi kanjani ukubhikisha.

Yilezo ezisebenzisa imingcele yokungathathi hlangothi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ababhikishi bathini noma bathini umbono abawuvezayo. Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha lingase lidinge imvume yokubuthana okukhulu emapaki omphakathi, lilinganisele amahora lapho umsindo okhulisiwe ungasetshenziswa khona, noma likhethe izindawo ezithile njengezingavunyelwe ukulwa ngenxa yezizathu ezingokomthetho zokuphepha. Lemigoqo ivunyelwe uma nje bekhonza izithakazelo zikahulumeni eziphawulekayo futhi beshiya ezinye izindlela zokuxhumana ezivulekile.

INkantolo iye yasungula izindinganiso ezingokomthetho nezici ezimisiwe zokuhlola ukuthi imingcele kahulumeni yalamalungelo ingqubuzana yini neSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Sivame ukuhlanganisa ukulinganisela isithakazelo sikahulumeni esinikezwa imingcele yeSichibiyelo sokuqala esithweswe yimingcele. Lokhu kulinganisela kuqinisekisa ukuthi imingcele iyalunga futhi ilinganisene.

Izimfuneko Nezimiso Zokunikeza Imvume

Izindawo eziningi zidinga ababhikishi ukuthola imvume yezinhlobo ezithile zemibhikisho, ikakhulukazi leyo ehilela abantu abaningi, ukusebenzisa izindawo zomphakathi, noma ukuphazamisa okungase kwenzeke emimotweni. Lezizimiso zifeza izinjongo ezingokomthetho ezinjengokuvumela iziphathimandla ukuba zihlele ukuphepha komphakathi, zivumelane nezinye izenzakalo, futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi kunemithombo eyanele.

Nokho, izimfuneko akumelwe zisetshenziswe njengethuluzi lokuhlola noma ukuphika amalungelo okuphikisa ngokungenangqondo. Abahleli akumelwe bathweswe icala ngelungiselelo noma izindleko zezinkonzo ezinjalo futhi akufanele nanini basolwe ngokuthi 'inkokhelo'. Ukukhokha imali yokubhikisha kulingana nemali efunwa uhulumeni ofuna ukukhokhwa kwamalungelo abantu ayisisekelo, futhi lokhu akufanele nanini kuvunyelwe.

Iziphathimandla kufanele kuqala zisebenzise imingcele engathi sína emihlanganweni, ukunqatshelwa kufanele kube yinto yokugcina. Lesi simiso siqinisekisa ukuthi ohulumeni bahlola zonke ezinye izindlela ngaphambi kokuba banqabe imvume yokubhikisha.

Impahla yangasese

Lelilungelo lokubhikisha ngokuthula lilinganiselwe futhi lisebenza kuphela ezindaweni zomphakathi. ISichibiyelo sokuqala sivikela ilungelo lakho lokubhikisha emphakathini ovamile njengemigwaqo, amaphaki. Nokho, ilungelo lokubhikisha alidluliseli ezindaweni zomuntu siqu ngaphandle kwemvume yomnini-mnumzane.

Nakuba unelungelo lomthetho - sisekelo lokubonisa ukuthi uhamba emgwaqweni noma emapaki omphakathi (ngokuvumelana nesikhathi esifanelekile, indawo, nezindlela ezibekelwayo), lo mehluko ubalulekile ukuba ababhikishi bangene emabhizinisini, ezitolo, noma kwenye indawo yangasese ukuze babhikishe ngaphandle kokuba umnini - mpahla avume.

Abaqashi bomuntu abakholwa yiziphakamiso zeSichibiyelo sokuqala. Ngokuvamile, bangakuqasha noma bakuthuthe ngesizathu esingangeni mthetho. Nokho, ezinye izifunda-zwe zinemithetho enqabela abaqashi abazimele ukuba bashise izisebenzi zabo ngokusebenzisa amalungelo abo okuQala Isichibiyeli. Lokhu kusho ukuthi nakuba uhulumeni engenakukujezisa ngemisebenzi yakho yokubhikisha, abaqashi bomuntu siqu bangaba nenkululeko enkulu yokusabela kulokhu kusebenza, nakuba lokhu kuhluka ngokwamandla ekusebenzelani.

Imfuneko Yomhlangano Onokuthula

Ukuchaza Ukuphikisana Okunokuthula, Ukulwa Ngobudlova

Uhulumeni angase amise ngokusemthethweni ukubhikisha okuhambisana nobudlova nokwesabisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ilungelo lithi "kuhleleke" ukuhlangana. Isivikelo somthetho-mthetho-sisekelo ne-ovel international se-partice sifuna ukuba imihlangano ibe nokuthula ngokwemvelo.

Inhlangano 'yokuthula' ihlukile kumuntu obonakala ngobudlova obusakazeke kabanzi nobungathi sína. Ilungelo lomhlangano onokuthula lingase lingasetshenziswa, hhayi ukusebenzisa ubudlova. 'Ubudlwangudlwangu buhilela ukusetshenziswa kwamandla angokomzimba alwa nabanye okungenzeka ukuba kubangele ukulimala noma ukufa, noma umonakalo omkhulu empahleni.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala asinikezi sivikelo esingokomthetho ekumangalelweni kobugebengu ngezenzo zobudlova, umuntu ngamunye noma njengengxenye yesixuku, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi siyini isizathu esingase sithuthukise noma isikhundla sezombangazwe esisithathayo. Ubudlova buwubugebengu. Lomngcele ocacile uqinisekisa ukuthi nakuba ilungelo lakho lokuveza ukungavumelani nemibono ehlukile livikelwe, lesosivikelo asidlulisi ezenzweni zobudlova.

Ubudlova Obusakazeke Kabanzi

Umehluko obalulekile ekubhikisheni umthetho uphathelene nendlela izenzo zobudlova eziphathwa ngayo ngokwehlukana. Izenzo zobudlova ezihlukanisiwe zabanye abahlanganyelayo akumelwe zibekwe emhlanganweni njengaleyo. Ngakho-ke izenzo zobudlova ezingavamile nezinezenzo zobudlova akumelwe zisetshenziselwe ukusakaza konke ukubhikisha. Nokho, labo abathatha amandla abhubhisayo abavikelekile ngelungelo lokubhikisha. Futhi ukubhikisha konke kungasakazwa lapho ubudlova buba ngaphezu nje kokuthiwa ubudlova emehlweni ezwe.

Umhlangano wonke akufanele ulahlekelwe isikhundla sawo esivikelekile ngenxa yezenzo zedlanzana elincane.

Ukungalaleli Kombango Nokumelana Namandla Obudlova

Ababhikishi nabashisekeli baye basekela futhi ushintsho ngezenzo zokungalaleli kwesizwe, noma ukunganaki imithetho ngamabomu. Izenzo zokungalaleli komphakathi zaqala ukuvelela phakathi nenhlangano yamalungelo omphakathi yama-1950 nawoma 1960. Ngokusebenzisa ukungalaleli komphakathi okungenabudlova okuwuhlobo lokuzinza, imisebenzi, nabashicileli, abashisekeli bamalungelo omphakathi babonisa ngokuqinile ukuphikisa kwabo ngokuqinile imithetho yokukhetha, ukuvota, nobudlova kubantu abansundu.

Nokho, ukukhononda akunabo ubudlwangudlwangu noma usongo ezithakazelweni zokhuseleko lwesizwe noma zomphakathi. Futhi akukhona ukungalaleli kwesizwe, lapho ukubhikisha kungahileli ukwephula imithetho kahulumeni. Izenzo, ngisho nemikhankaso yokumelana nobudlova, noma ukumelana nomphakathi, ngokuvamile kungaba nobuntu (ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izindlela ezingenabudlova) bokusekela ngokusuka ekumelani uhlelo lwentando yeningi nomthetho ngokomthetho.

Ukungalaleli kombango kunezici ezikhethekile ezisemthethweni wokubhikishwe. Nakuba abahlanganyelayo bengase babhekane nemiphumela engokomthetho ngokwephula ngamabomu imithetho (njengokuphambana noma ukuvala izimoto), izenzo zabo zingase zibhekwe njengezinokuthula uma zingahileli ubudlova kubantu noma impahla. Ezinye izenzo zokungalaleli komphakathi zithatha ukwephulwa okuhleliwe komthetho ovimbela ngokungadingekile ukubonakaliswa kwezinkolelo ezithile, uvimbela ukusetshenziswa kwelungelo lomuntu noma okungqubuzana ngokufanayo namalungelo nezindinganiso zomphakathi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, iziphathimandla akumelwe zimangale labo abahilelekile ekuvukeleni impikiswano futhi esikhundleni semithetho ehlangeneyo nezindinganiso zomhlaba wonke.

Amalungelo Okubhebhetheka Enkathini Yezinombolo

Imihlangano Yesigodi Nemidlalo Yamanani Kuyi - Internet

Ilungelo lomhlangano onokuthula livikela imibuthano ye-inthanethi. Lokhu kuqaphela ukuthi ukubhikisha amalungelo adlulela emishinini ye-inthanethi kubalulekile enkathini lapho ukuhlelwa nokuvezwa okuningi kwenzeka khona kuyi-inthanethi. Ohulumeni "abakwazi ukuvala izinhlelo ze-intanethi ye-intanethi noma ukuvala noma i - website ngenxa yezindima zabo ekufuneni ingqungquthela enokuthula".

I-'Emlyp' ayikwazi ukuvimbela ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi uma kuqhathaniswa nemihlangano enokuthula. Lokhu kuvinjelwa kwe-inthanethi kuvikela ikhono lababhikishi lokuhlela, ukuxhumana, kanye nezenzakalo zezincwadi ngesikhathi sangempela. I-inthanethi yenze isisekelo esibalulekile ezinhlanganweni zanamuhla zokubhikisha, okwenza ukuxhumana kukwazi ukuhlanganisa amabanga okuthatha indawo nokusakazwa ngokushesha kokwaziswa.

Ngokugxila kakhulu ekuxhumaneni kwezobuchwepheshe be-technology kanye nelungelo lokuhlangana ngokuthula, uSikhulu samazwe 37 siveza uhlelo olucacile lokuvikela leli lungelo eliyisisekelo enkathini yamanani. Ixazulula impikiswano eqinile ngokuthi ilungelo lokuhlangana ngokuthula lidlulela yini emisebenzini ye-intanethi, kusho ukuthi ohulumeni akumelwe bavimbe noma bavimbele ukuxhumana kwe-inthanethi ngokuqondene nemihlangano enokuthula, futhi babuze umphumela owethusayo wobuchwepheshe bokuhlola.

Izinkinga Zomuntu Siqu

Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuqapha bunikezwa abantu abangenacala, buqoqa ukwaziswa ngemisebenzi yabo ngenxa yokuzihlanganisa kwabo nokweqisa okuthile. Ukusetshenziswa kokuqashelwa kobuso, ukulandelelwa kocingo, nezinye izinto zobuchwepheshe zokuqapha ezibhikishayo kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngokukhululekile nenkululeko yomphakathi.

Ababhikishi banelungelo lokugqoka izifihla - buso noma izigqoko zokufihla ubuso babo nokuthi ohulumeni akufanele baqoqe ukwaziswa komuntu siqu ukuze bahlukumeze noma besabise abahilelekile.

Ezinye izinhlobo zentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe zikwenza kube sengozini ukusebenzisa ilungelo lokuphikisa. Amaphoyisa nezinye iziphathimandla zikahulumeni bavame ukusebenzisa i-software yokuqaphela ubuso ne-CCTV ne-IMSI kulandelela izingcingo ngobuchwepheshe. Ukusetshenziswa kwamasu okuqapha anjengezingcingo ahlasela abaphikisi kuphela ilungelo lokufuna ukuba bodwa kodwa futhi kufaka abantu engozini yokufuna ukungenela imibhikisho.

Iqoqo lenkokhelo nokuhlelwa yizifundazwe namaphoyisa aphethe ukwaziswa komuntu siqu, njengangemishini yokuqopha, iTV evaliweyo namaphoyisa asesekusithekeni, kumelwe kuvumelane nazo zonke izivikelo ekuphazanyisweni okungenanjongo noma okungekho emthethweni ngendawo eyimfihlo. Ohulumeni kumelwe balinganisele inzuzo engokomthetho namalungelo ezindaba zomuntu siqu ababhikishi futhi abakwazi ukusebenzisa ukuqapha njengethuluzi lokusongela.

Ilungelo Lokubhala Nokuqopha

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi unelungelo lokulandisa futhi uthuthukise amalungelo enkululeko yokuhlangana nokukhuluma, wonke umuntu ujabulela ilungelo lokuqaphela, ukuqondisa nokubhikisha okugciniwe, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bayingxenye yokubhikisha ngokwako. Lelilungelo lihlanganisa ilungelo lokuqopha imithetho nokuqopha iphoyisa elikuthwebula izithombe.

Ilungelo lokubhala noma ukubika ngokubhikisha alisebenzi kuphela kubacosheli bezindaba abaqanjiwe. Izintatheli zezakhamuzi namalungu omphakathi zingabhala ukubhikisha, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokugunyazwa noma imvume. Lokhu kubekwa kwezincwadi ngokwentando yeningi kuqinisekisa ukubonakala nokulandisa, njengoba ubufakazi bevidiyo bungabaluleke kakhulu ekubhaleni kokubili ukubhikisha okunokuthula nanoma yikuphi ukwephulwa kwamalungelo okwenzekayo.

Yagcizelela nelungelo lezintatheli namalungelo abantu lokuhlola nokubhala noma imuphi umbuthano, kuhlanganise nobudlova nobungekho emthethweni.

Ukulinganiselwa Nemingcele Efanele

Izizathu Zokwenqatshelwa Kwemithetho

ISivumelwano Sezizwe Zonke Kumalungelo Omphakathi Namalungelo Ezombangazwe sivumela ukuvinjelwa kwenkululeko ukuba ihlangane uma kudingekile "emphakathini obusa ngentando yeningi ngenxa yokulondeka kwesizwe noma ukulondeka komphakathi, ukuhleleka komphakathi, ukuvikelwa kwempilo yomphakathi noma ukuziphatha noma isivikelo samalungelo nenkululeko yabanye". Nokho, lezizizathu zokubekelwa imingcele zibhekwa kancane futhi kumelwe zithethelelwe ngezimo ezithile.

Noma imiphi imingcele kumelwe ihlangabezane nezimfuneko eziningana: kumelwe inikezwe umthetho, ifeze injongo engokomthetho, idingeke emphakathini wentando yeningi, futhi ilinganise umgomo owenziwayo. Ohulumeni abanakusebenzisa imingcele engacacile noma ebanzi kakhulu ukuze bacindezele ukuphikisana noma ukuthulisa imibono engathandwa.

Izwe linesibopho sokungaphazamisi imihlangano enokuthula ngaphandle kokuzithethelela, libophekile ukuba lizisize. Lokhu kushintsha isimo esingafanele sisuke kwesokuvinjelwa sibe esokuqapha, sibeke umthwalo kohulumeni ukuze sithethelele noma ikuphi ukuphazamisa amalungelo okubhikisha.

Impilo Yomphakathi Nezimo Eziphuthumayo

Ekusingatheni lesi sifo, izikhulu zendawo nombuso ezweni lonke ziye zabeka imingcele noma zavimbela izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene zeqembu, ukubhikisha nezinkonzo zenkolo. Izikhulu zezempilo zikhomba isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme ka-905 esasekela amandla kahulumeni okuhlukaniswa nabantu ngabanye (nawokugoma). Izimo eziphuthumayo ezinjengezifo eziwumqedazwe zinganikeza imingcele yesikhashana yamalungelo emihlangano.

Nokho, ngisho naphakathi kwezimo eziphuthumayo, imingcele kumelwe idingeke, ilinganise, futhi ilinganise isikhathi. Ohulumeni abanakusebenzisa impilo yomphakathi noma ezinye izimo eziphuthumayo njengezaba zokucindezela amalungelo okuvukela ngokungenasiphelo noma zokuhlasela imibono ethile. Noma imiphi imingcele ephuthumayo kufanele ibukezwe futhi isuswe ngokushesha uma izimo zivuma.

Ukulinganisela Amalungelo Nezithakazelo

Amalungelo okuphikisa ngezinye izikhathi kumelwe alinganiswe kwezinye izithakazelo ezingokomthetho namalungelo. Noma ikuphi ukuboniswa endaweni yomphakathi kungase kubangele izinga elithile lokuphazamiseka ekuphileni okuvamile, futhi izinkantolo ziye zaqaphela ukuthi ukubekezelela okuthile ukuphazamiseka kuyadingeka ukuze kuvikelwe amalungelo anenjongo okubhikisha.

Ukuphazamiseka kwezimoto, umsindo, nokungalawuleki kwabanye ngokuvamile kuyimiphumela engenakugwenywa yokubhikisha komphakathi.

Izinkantolo namalungelo abantu ngokuvamile bayaqaphela ukuthi ukubaluleka kokuvukela umphakathi wentando yeningi kuthethelela ukwamukela izinga elithile lokuphazamiseka nokuphazamiseka. Umbuzo oyinhloko uwukuthi imingcele ihlotshaniswa ngokuncane yini nokusingatha ukukhathazeka okuqondile, okungokomthetho kuyilapho kulondoloza amathuba anenjongo okubhikisha.

Isiqondiso Esiwusizo Kwabakhalazi

Yazi Amalungelo Akho Ngaphambi Kokuphikisa

Uma ulimele, unelungelo lokuthola ukunakekelwa kokwelashwa. Amaphoyisa kumelwe agweme ukusebenzisa impoqo. Ukuqonda amalungelo akho angokomthetho ngaphambi kokuba uhlanganyele ekubhikisheni kungakusiza ukuba uwasebenzise ngokuphumelelayo lawomalungelo futhi usabele ngokufanele uma ephulwa.

ISichibiyelo sokuqala sinikeza ilungelo labantu lokubhikisha njengenkululeko yokuveza, futhi kunezinto eziyisisekelo ongase ufune ukuzijwayelanisa nazo ngaphambi kokuba ubonise lawomalungelo. Cwaninga imithetho nezimiso ezithile ezisebusweni bakho, kuhlanganise nanoma iziphi izimfuneko ezivumela, izindawo ezimisiwe zokubhikisha, nemithetho yendawo ezingase zisebenze.

Noma kunjalo, akwenziwa konke esikushoyo noma esikwenzayo ngenxa yenkulumo enjalo, sekungamashumi eminyaka kumiswa izinsimbi ezingokomthetho ezibonisa ukuthi amalungelo ethu okukhuluma aphelelaphi nokuthi uhulumeni angangenaphi ukuze ajezise izikhulumi noma avimbele ukubhikisha nokubhikisha.

Ukuhlela Nokulungiselela

Thola ukuthi ukubhikisha kwenzekaphi bese ubheka ukwaziswa ngalokho okumelwe ukulindele.

Qaphela ukuthi imvume idingeka emsebenzini wakho ohleliwe futhi unikeze isikhathi esanele sokuyithola uma kudingekile. Zazi izingqapheli ezingokomthetho noma ukwazi ukuthi ungathintana kanjani nokusekela okungokomthetho uma kudingeka. Qonda indlela ehleliwe noma indawo, futhi uqaphele noma yiziphi izindawo ezingase zingabi namingcele noma ezingaphansi kwemingcele ekhethekile.

Zise ukwaziswa kokwaziswa nokwaziswa kokuxhumana okuphuthumayo. Cabangela ukuletha amanzi, ukudla okulula, nanoma yimiphi imithi edingekayo. Uma ukhathazekile ngokuqapha, qaphela ukuthi yiziphi izisetshenziswa ozilethayo nokuthi zingaba naziphi ukwaziswa. Abanye ababhikishi bakhetha ukusebenzisa izingcingo zokushisa noma ezinye izixwayiso zomuntu siqu.

Phakathi Nenkundla

Khumbula ukuthi iSichibiyelo Sokuqala asinikezi sivikelo esingokomthetho ekumangalelweni ngezenzo zobudlova. Ngisho noma ungavumelani nezenzo zamaphoyisa noma unomuzwa wokuthi amalungelo akho ephulwa, ukusabela ngobudlova kuyolulaza ukuvikelwa okungokomthetho futhi kungaphumela ekumangalelweni ngecala lobugebengu.

Uma amaphoyisa ekhipha iziyalezo zokuxosha, qonda ukuthi ukuhluleka ukwenza ngokuvumelana nakho kungaphumela ekuboshweni. Nokho, unelungelo lokuphuma endaweni ngokuphephile, futhi amaphoyisa kufanele anikeze ukwaziswa okucacile ngendlela yokuhlakazeka nendawo okumelwe uye kuyo. Uma ukhetha ukuhileleka ekungalalelini komphakathi ngokwenqaba ukuhlakaza, qonda ukuthi ungase ubhekane nokuboshwa nemiphumela engokomthetho.

I - video nobufakazi obuqoshiwe bungaba balulekile ekuvikeleni amalungelo akho nasekubekeni iziphathimandla icala. Khumbula ukuthi wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuqaphela, ukuqapha nokuqopha ukubhikisha.

Uma Amalungelo Akho Ephulwa

Uma ukholelwa ukuthi amalungelo akho aye ophulwa phakathi nokubhikisha, bhala phansi konke ongakukhumbula ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Cabangela ukuveza isikhalo nenhlangano emisa umthetho efuna ukugcinwa kwemithetho ehlukanisa izindaba zangaphakathi noma ibhodi yabaphathi abangabuthi. Ungafisa futhi ukuxhumana nezinhlangano zenkululeko yomphakathi njenge American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), enikeza imithombo futhi ekwazi ukusiza ngesenzo esingokomthetho. Kwezinye izimo, ungase ube nezizathu zokumangalelwa kwamalungelo omphakathi ngokumelene nezikhulu zikahulumeni ezaphula amalungelo akho omthetho.

Xhumana nommeli osebenza kakhulu ngamalungelo omphakathi noma umthetho weSichibiyelo sokuqala ukuze uqonde ukuthi ungakhethani. Izinhlangano eziningi zamalungelo omphakathi zinikeza ukuhlola kwamalungelo abantu mahhala noma zingakukhomba ezimalini ezifanele ezingokomthetho. Isilinganiso sesikhathi singasebenza ekukhipheni izikhalo noma emacaleni, ngakho kubalulekile ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha.

Ukucatshangelwa Okukhethekile Kwezinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene Zobufundisi

Ukuqhatha Nokugadla Kwezisebenzi

Ilungelo lenkululeko yokuhlangana lihilela ilungelo labantu lokubambisana nokuhlelana ukuze bazwane, bathuthukise, baphishekele futhi bavikele izithakazelo ezifanayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ilungelo lokwakha izinyunyana zezokuhweba. Ukuvinjelwa kwezisebenzi nokugadla kuthola isivikelo esikhethekile ngaphansi komthetho-mthetho wemithetho yezemisebenzi.

Izisebenzi zinelungelo lokuhlela, ukwakha izinyunyana, nokuhlanganyela ekuhlanganeni kuhlanganise nokuhlasela nokuthatha indiva. Inkantolo yavuma ukuthi "ukukhetha ukuthula kuyindlela yokuxhumana yomsebenzi". Nokho, ukubhikisha kwezisebenzi kungaphansi kwemithetho ehlukahlukene ngaphansi komthetho wezisebenzi, futhi izivikelo eziqondile nokulinganiselwa kungahluka kuye ngokuthi izisebenzi zisengxenyeni yasobala noma yangasese nokuthi zisebenza kuphi imboni.

Ukukhononda Kwabafundi Nempi YaseCampes

Abafundi banelungelo lokuthola iSichibiyelo sokuqala emagcekeni esikole naseyunivesithi, nakuba lamalungelo engase atholwe imingcele eyengeziwe ehlobene nohambo lwemfundo. INkantolo Ephakeme yanikeza amalungelo okukhuluma akhululekile kubafundi esikoleni. INkantolo yanquma ukuthi isikole asinakulinganisela inkulumo engokomfanekiso engaphazamisanga "ngezinto ezibonakalayo nangesizo esingokoqobo" imisebenzi yesikole.

Amayunivesithi omphakathi, njengezinhlangano zikahulumeni, kumelwe ahloniphe amalungelo abafundi esiHlanzo sokuqala sokuphikisa nokusekela. Amayunivesithi angawodwa anenkululeko eyengeziwe yokubeka imingcele, nakuba abaningi bekhetha ukuvikela ukukhulumela ngokukhululekile njengendaba yesimiso. Abafundi kufanele bazijwayelanise nezimiso eziqondile zenhlangano yabo eziphathelene nokubhikisha, imibhikisho, nokusebenzisa amagceke esikole.

Ukubonakaliswa Okungokwenkolo Nokufundiswa

IsiHlanzi Sokuqala sivikela kokubili inkululeko yenkolo nenkululeko yokukhuluma, futhi isigaba esingokwenkolo sithola isivikelo esiqinile somthetho - sisekelo.

Nokho, incazelo engokwenkolo ingaphansi kwesikhathi esifanayo, indawo, nemikhuba okungekhona okunye ukubhikisha. izisusa zenkolo azibakhululi ababhikishi emithethweni evamile esebenzayo, nakuba ohulumeni bengenakuyihlasela imingcele ekhethekile engokwenkolo noma bayiphathe kabi kunokukhuluma kwezwe.

Indima Yokubusa Emphakathini Obusa Ngentando Yeningi

Ukulwa Ngokuhlanganyela Kwentando Yeningi

Ilungelo lokuhlanganyela nezakhamuzi ezikanye nazo ekubhikisheni noma emhlanganweni onokuthula libalulekile ekubuseni ngentando yeningi okusebenzayo nasemnyombweni weSichibiyelo Sokuqala.

Izindlela zokuphikisa zisalokhu zifanelekile . Zibonisa izindlela ezidingekile zokukhuluma ngezindaba zezombangazwe nokungabi nabulungisa. Kuwo wonke umlando, izinhlangano zokubhikisha ziye zaba negalelo ekuthuthukiseni amalungelo omphakathi, ekuqedeni izimpi, ekuvikeleni indawo ezungezile, nasekufinyeleleni ezinye izinguquko eziningi zezenhlalo. Izivikelo ezingokomthetho zokubhikisha ziyayiqaphela lendima ebalulekile ekubusweni kwentando yeningi.

Abantu banelungelo lokuveza izikhalo zabo nezinkathazo, kuhlanganise nokubhikisha ngokuthula. Leli lungelo libaluleke kakhulu kulabo abangawatholi amanye amandla ezombangazwe noma ithonya. Inqubo inikeza izakhamuzi ezivamile indlela yokwenza amazwi azo azwakale futhi ziphikise izimiso zikahulumeni noma imikhuba yezinhlangano ezikholelwa ukuthi ayinabulungisa.

Umphumela Oshukumisayo Wemingcele

Ngisho noma kungekho ukuvinjelwa okunamandla kwelungelo lokubhikisha, ukulinganiselwa kulelolungelo noma ukwesaba ukwesatshiswa kwamaphoyisa kungathuntubeza umsebenzi ovusa inkanuko futhi kuphumele ekuziphindiseleni. Uma abantu besaba ukuziphindiselela, ukuqapha, noma amandla adlulele, bangase bakhethe ukungawasebenzisi amalungelo abo okubhikisha ngisho nalapho imisebenzi yabo ivunyelwe ngokuphelele.

Isivikelo esingokomthetho sokubhikisha asihloselwe ukuvimbela ukucindezelwa okuqondile kuphela kodwa futhi nokwenza isimo lapho abantu bezizwa bephephile lapho besebenzisa amalungelo abo ngaphandle kokwesaba imiphumela engenakulinganiswa.

Lapho iziphathimandla zisabela ekubhikisheni ngokuthula ngamandla adlulele noma ngezijeziso ezinokhahlo, zithumela isigijimi esidumaza ukuhlanganyela esikhathini esizayo ezimisweni zentando yeningi.

Izinselele Zokuvinjelwa Kwamalungelo Abantu

Eminyakeni yamuva, amalungelo ethu okubhikisha asongelwa yilabo abasemagunyeni abesaba ushintsho abantu abangaluletha.

Kudala, kuye kwavela izinselele zelungelo lokubhikisha ngezindlela eziningi. Lezi zinselele zihlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezindawo zokukhuluma ngokukhululekile eziba izilaleli ezizihlosile, ukuqapha okukhulu okuthatha imingcele futhi okuhlukanisa abahilelekile, nokuhlasela ngonya amacala ahlobene nokubhikisha.

Izinhlangano zenkululeko yomphakathi ziyaqhubeka zibekela lemingcele enkantolo futhi zisekela isivikelo esiqine ngokwengeziwe samalungelo okuvukela. Ukuqonda imingcele engokomthetho nokuhlala zinolwazi ngentuthuko yomthetho wokubhikisha kubalulekile kunoma ubani ohileleke ekufuneni amalungelo nokuzitika.

Imithombo Yezinto Nemininingwane Engeziwe

Izinhlangano Ezisekela Ngokomthetho

Izinhlangano eziningana zinikeza imithombo, ukusekela okungokomthetho, kanye nokuphambanisa okuhlobene nokubhikisha amalungelo. Inkululeko yomphakathi yaseMelika (ACLU) Umbango woMnyango woMbhishobhi unikeza ukwaziswa okubanzi ngamalungelo ababhikishi futhi unikeza usizo olungokomthetho ezindabeni ezihilela ukuphucwa kwenkululeko yomphakathi. Iwebhusayithi yazo ihlanganisa ukwazi iziqondisi zombuso, ulwazi olufingqiwe, kanye nemithombo yezeminyango.

Izihloko eziningi zendawo ziqeqesha izingqapheli ezingokomthetho futhi zinganikeza labo ababoshwayo iziqondiso ezingokomthetho phakathi nokubhikisha.

I-International Center for Not- for Profit Law (ICNL) [[FL:1] inikeza imithombo yenkululeko yemihlangano yezizwe zonke futhi ilandela imithetho ethinta amalungelo okubhikisha emhlabeni wonke. Ukucwaninga kwabo kanye nokuqamba kwabo kusiza ekuqiniseni izivikelo ezingokomthetho zomhlangano onokuthula embulungeni yonke.

Imicebo Yemfundo

I- Inkululeko [[FLT] inikeza izinto zokufundisa mayelana namalungelo eSichibiyelo sokuqala, kuhlanganise nemithombo egxile ngokukhethekile ekubhikisheni nasekufuneni amalungelo emihlangano. Izinto zabo ziwusizo kubafundi, othisha, nanoma ubani ofuna ukuqonda isivikelo somthetho-sisekelo ukuze asho.

Izikole zomthetho zaseyunivesithi ngokuvamile zinemitholampilo noma izinhlelo ezigxile emalungelo omphakathi nasezindabeni zeSichibiyelo Sokuqala ezinikeza kokubili izinkonzo ezingokomthetho nemithombo yemfundo.

Izinhlangano zamalungelo abantu zomhlaba wonke ezinjenge Amnesty International ne-Human Rights Watch zibhala ukubhikisha amalungelo okwephulwa embulungeni yonke futhi zinikeza imithombo yezindinganiso zamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke ezihlobene nenkululeko yokuhlangana nokuveza.

Ukuhlala Unolwazi

Umthetho ophikisayo uyaqhubeka uguqula izinqumo zenkantolo, umthetho omusha, kanye nokushintsha kwezimo zezenhlalo. Ukuhlala wazi ngentuthuko yomthetho embusweni wakho kubalulekile ekusebenziseni nasekuvikeleni amalungelo akho ngokuphumelelayo. Landela izinhlangano zenkululeko yomphakathi, imithombo yezindaba engokomthetho, namaqembu asebenza ezindabeni ozikhathalelayo.

Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza amapheshana e-imeyili, ukuvuselelwa kwemithombo yezokuxhumana, kanye nokuxwayiswa ngezinsongo zokubhikisha amalungelo noma amathuba okuqasha. Ukuhlanganyela ekuqeqesheni ngamalungelo akho okwaziyo kanye nezinhlelo zokubuka ezingokomthetho kungakusiza ukuba uqonde futhi uvikele amalungelo okubhikisha emphakathini wakini.

Isiphetho: Ukuvikela Nokusebenzisa Amalungelo Akho

Ilungelo lokusekela nokubhikisha liyisisekelo emphakathini wentando yeningi futhi livikelwe izimiso eziqinile zomthetho kokubili ezingeni lesizwe nelezizwe zonke.ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivimbela ukuba imithetho inciphise inkululeko yokukhuluma, inkululeko yabanyathelisi bezindaba, noma ilungelo lokunxusa uhulumeni ukuba alungise izikhalo, kuyilapho umthetho wamalungelo abantu emhlabeni wonke ubheka lamalungelo njengabalulekile ekutheni abantu bakhululeke futhi bahlanganyele ekubusweni ngentando yeningi.

Lezi zisivikelo ezingokomthetho zikhona ngoba ukubhikisha kufeza imisebenzi ebalulekile emphakathini: kwenza izakhamuzi zikwazi ukuveza ukungavumelani, zigcine ohulumeni benecala loshintsho, futhi zihlanganyele ngokunenjongo ezimisweni zentando yeningi. Kusukela emzamweni wamalungelo abantu kuya ekulweni kwanamuhla, ukubhikishela ukubusa ngokulunga nentuthuko yezenhlalo kuye kwaba usizo ekuthuthukiseni ubulungisa nentuthuko yezenhlalo.

Nokho, lamalungelo awaphelele futhi ahambisana nemithwalo yemfanelo. izinkulumo kumelwe zibe nokuthula, futhi abahlanganyelayo kumelwe bahloniphe isikhathi esinengqondo, indawo, nemikhuba ebekelwe. Ukuqonda imingcele yomsebenzi ovikelwe kuyasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukuqamba amanga kuyaqhubeka kusebenza futhi kungokomthetho.

Ukuma okungokomthetho okuhambisana nokubhikisha kuyaqhubeka kushintsha, kuvela izinselele ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ukushintsha kwezimo zezenhlalo, nokucindezela kwezombangazwe. Kudingeka ukuqapha ukuze kuvikelwe lamalungelo ayisisekelo ekukhukhulekeni. Lapho iziphathimandla ziphikise amalungelo ngokuphoqa ngokweqile, ngemithetho eboshiwe, noma ngezinye izindlela, izimiso zokuziphendulela ezingokomthetho zikhona ukuze kunikezwe amakhambi futhi kunqandwe ukuphulwa kwesikhathi esizayo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlela ukuhlanganyela ekuhlolweni, ukuhlela imikhankaso yokulwa, noma ukufuna nje ukuqonda amalungelo akho omphakathi, ukwazi indlela imithetho evikela ngayo ilungelo lakho lokusekela nokubhikisha ekukunikeni amandla okungenela ngokuphumelelayo ezinqubweni zentando yeningi. Lezisivikelo zingabo bonke futhi zikhonze isithakazelo esihlangene ekulondolozeni inkululeko, evulekileyo, nentando yeningi lapho amazwi ahlukene ezwakala khona nalapho ukungavumelani okunokuthula kuhlonishwa khona kunokuba kuncishiswe.

Ngokuqonda amalungelo akho, uwasebenzise ngendlela ethembekile, futhi uwamela kahle lapho esongelwa, ufaka igalelo ekulondolozeni lenkululeko ebalulekile yezizukulwane zamanje nezesikhathi esizayo. Ilungelo lokubhikisha aliyona nje inqubo engokomthetho, kuseyisisekelo sentando yeningi nethuluzi elinamandla loshintsho lwezenhlalo okumelwe luvikelwe futhi lusetshenziswe ukuze luhlale lunenjongo.

Amakhiye Okuthatha Izindawo

  • Isivikelo se-Constigal:[ Isichibiyeli sokuqala sivikela inkululeko yokukhuluma, yokuhlangana, nelungelo lokunxusa uhulumeni, kwakha isisekelo samalungelo okubhikisha e-United States
  • Ukuqashelwa kwezizwe zonke: Ilungelo lokuhlangana ngokuthula liqashelwa emthethoni wamalungelo abantu wezizwe zonke, kuhlanganise neSimemezelo somhlaba wonke samalungelo abantu neSivumelwano sezizwe zonke samalungelo omphakathi nawomhlaba wonke
  • Umhlangano onokuthula ofunekayo: Isivikelo esingokomthetho siyasebenza ekubhikisheni okunokuthula; ubudlova bususa lezisivikelo, nakuba izenzo zobudlova ezihlukanisiwe abantu akumelwe zithiwe kuwo wonke umhlangano onokuthula
  • Imvume evumelekile yomthetho: Ohulumeni bangaphoqa isikhathi esigcwele esihlangeneyo, indawo, nemithetho enqabelayo, kodwa abakwazi ukuvimbela ukuphikisa noma ukusebenzisa izingxebe ezingacacile ukuze bacindezele ukungavumelani
  • Amalungelo ombuso avikelwe: Amalungelo ameleneyo adlulela emihlanganweni ye-intanethi, futhi ohulumeni abakwazi ukuvala noma ukuvala amawebhusayithi ukuze kuvinjelwe umhlangano onokuthula
  • Amalungelo okwahlulela: Wonke umuntu unelungelo lokuqaphela, ukuqondisa, nokuqopha ukubhikisha, kuhlanganise nezenzo zamaphoyisa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingabantatheli abadumile
  • Ukuvikelwa eButhweni elishisiwe: ukugcinwa koMthetho kumelwe kugweme ukusebenzisa amandla ekuvukeleni ababhikishi abanokuthula, futhi kuba khona izinqubo zokulandisa uma amalungelo ephulwa
  • Akukho protest Fees:[ Ohulumeni abanakho ukukhokha izindleko ngokusebenzisa ilungelo eliyisisekelo lokubhikisha, nakuba izimiso ezinengqondo zingadingeka emibuthanweni emikhulu
  • Izivikelo ze-Privcy:[ Ababheki banelungelo lokwethulwa nokungabonwa; ukuqapha okukhulu nokuqoqwa kokwaziswa kumelwe kuhambisane nesivikelo esingokomthetho ekuphazanyisweni okungenangqondo
  • I-democratic Secial: Ilungelo lokubhikisha libalulekile ekusebenzeni kwentando yeningi, lisiza izakhamuzi ukuba ziveze ukungavumelani, zisekele ushintsho, futhi zihlanganyele ezindabeni zomphakathi