Ukugweba kumelela isikhathi esibalulekile lapho izimiso ezingabonakali zomthetho wobugebengu zingena emphumeleni oqinile othinta ukuphila komuntu onecala. Ngaphezu nje kwesijeziso esilula, isigaba sokugweba siyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi engokomthetho lapho umahluleli noma ijaji lihlola ubukhulu becala elihlukile ezimweni ezingavamile zomuntu owenze iphutha. Lenqubo ilawulwa ukuhlanganiswa okugcwele kwemithetho, izivikelo zomthetho, iziqondiso zezemfundo, nemigomo esekelwe kakhulu yefilosofi. Kubafundi bezomthetho, abafundi, nezakhamuzi ezibopheleliziwe, ukuqonda indlela isigwebo esibaluleke ngayo ekuqondeni ukusebenza okubanzi kwesimiso sokwahlulela sobugebengu. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuphendukuhlola okubanzi kwezakhiwo, izinjongo, izinqubo, nezinkulumo eziqhubekayo ezichaza ukugweba kobugebengu.

Imigomo Eyisisekelo Yokugwetshwa Kwesigebengu

Isigwebo ngasinye esibekwa inkantolo siklanyelwe ukufeza injongo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu. Lemigomo, ngokuvamile egunyazwe ngokwemithetho, yakha isisekelo sefilosofi sesimiso sokwahlulela futhi iqondise ukuqondisa kokwahlulela. Izinhloso eziyinhloko zokugweba zihlanganisa ukuphindisela, ukunqanda, ukuvala isigwebo, ukubuyisela isikhala, ukubuyisela isimo esiphansi, nokubuyisela isijeziso.

Isijeziso: Isimiso Sogwadule Olulungile

Isijeziso sisekelwe enkolelweni yokuthi izaphulamthetho zifanelwe ukujeziswa ngokulingana nokulimala ezikubangele. Lokhu kubheka emuva kuzama ukubeka isijeziso esilinganiselwe ngokokuziphatha futhi esilingana nobuqatha bobugebengu. Ngokungafani nokwephindisela, ukuphindisela okukhishwa uhulumeni kuhlelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulingana, ukuvimbela isijeziso esingaphezulu. Isimiso so"isijeziso esivamile" sigomela ukuthi isijeziso kumelwe sifanele ubugebengu, siqinisekisa ukuthi ukweba okuncane akuphumeli eshumini leminyaka lokuboshwa kuyilapho ukuhlasela ngobudlova kungaphumeli ekuhlonini okulula.

Ukwehluleka: Ukuvimbela Ubugebengu Besikhathi Esizayo

Umthetho usebenza entweni engaphambili ebheke phambili ehloselwe ukudumaza ukuziphatha kobugebengu. Ihlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili ezihlukene. isithiyo sokuvimbela ihlasela umuntu onecala, isebenzisa okuhlangenwe nakho okungajabulisi kwesijeziso ukuze ibanqande ekususeni ukuziphatha kobugebengu. neyandile ukunqanda ukunqanda isixwayiso emphakathini obanzi. Ukwenza isibonelo somuntu onecala, isimiso sobulungisa sihlose ukuvimbela abanye ekuhileleke ekuziphatheni okufanayo. Isigwebo ukuze sibe yisithiyo ephumelelayo, kumelwe ukuba kusheshe, futhi kube nobunzima obulinganayo ukudlula izinzuzo zobugebengu.

Ukucasha: Ukuvikela Ukuphepha Komphakathi

Ukugqunywa kwecala kuzama ukuvikela umphakathi ngokususa ngokoqobo ikhono lomenzi wobubi lokubulala umphakathi. Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lokugqunywa kwecala ukuvalelwa ejele, kungaba ejele lendawo noma ijele likahulumeni noma ijele likahulumeni. Endleleni yalo enzima kakhulu, isijeziso sentambo sigcina icala lomenzi wobubi. Amasu okugwema kakhulu ngokungemthetho owenziwe ngokungemthetho, anikele ngokuphawulekayo ekukhuphukeni kwemiphakathi yamajele. Nakuba ephumelela ekuvimbeleni ubugebengu phakathi nesikhathi sokuvalelwa, abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ukuthembela kakhulu empahleni yecala kuhluleka ukuxoxa nezimbangela eziyinhloko zokuziphatha kobugebengu.

Ukubuyiselwa Kwesimo: Ukubuyisela Umenzi Wobubi Enhlanganweni

Izimiso ezifanele ezilawulayo ezithi isimiso sobulungisa kufanele sisebenzele ukulungisa isigebengu ngokusingatha izimpikiswano eziyisisekelo ezinegalelo ekuziphatheni kwabo kobugebengu. Lokhu kungahlanganisa ukwelashwa kwezidakamizwa okuhlelwe yinkantolo, ukululekwa kwezengqondo, izinhlelo zokufundisa, nokuqeqeshwa komsebenzi. Ukubuyiselwa komthetho kugxile ekukholelweni ukuthi abantu bangashintsha futhi umphakathi usebenze kahle kakhulu lapho umenzi wobubi ebuyela emphakathini njengelungu elikhiqizayo, elivimbela umthetho. Ukutholakala kwemithombo ebuyiselweyo kuyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwemithetho, nemigwebo ehlelwayo ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukubuyiselwa kokulungiswa kwemithetho eqinile kanye nezimo eziklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ukuziphatha.

Ukundulelwa Kwesifebe: Ukulungisa Ingozi Ezisuluni

Ukubuyisana kususa ukugxila ebuhlotsheni bomenzi wobubi nombuso ekulimaleni okuzwiwa isisulu. Inkantolo ingayala isoni ukuba sikhokhele ngokuqondile isisulu isinxephezelo semali yezindleko zokwelapha, iholo elilahlekile, umonakalo wempahla, noma okunye ukulahlekelwa okubangelwa ngokuqondile ubugebengu. Ngokungafani nenkokhelo, ekhokhwa kuhulumeni, ukukhokha kuhloselwe ukuqeda isisulu. Kusebenza njengokuvuma okusobala ukuthi ingozi ibangelwe futhi kunikeza indlela yokulandisa ngaphandle kwesijeziso.

Ukuveza Izenzakalo Ezivusa Amadlingozi Zezigebengu

Isimiso somthetho waseMelika sinikeza uhide lwezinketho zokugweba, kusukela kwezinye ezingatholi mvume kuya ekuncipheni kokuphila ngokwako. Uhlobo lwemisho ebekweyo ixhomeke ekuhlelweni kwecala (icala lomthetho lohlobo lwe-imanumor v. felony), imithetho esebenzayo, kanye namaqiniso aqondile alelicala.

Ukuthunjwa: IJail Nejele

Ukufakwa kwesigwebo kuhlala kuyindlela ebonakala kakhulu yesijeziso sobugebengu. Izigwebo ezihilela ukuboshwa zingahlelwa ngezindlela ezihlukene. Ukubekwa kwesigwebo kuphoqa isigaba seminyaka esimisiwe (umz., iminyaka engu-5], kuyilapho i-infectorateditarget membritu [[] imisa umngcele (umz. 5 kuya kweyishumi leminyaka), ishiya usuku oluqondile lwebhodi yeparle. Abahluleli bangase futhi bahlele ukuba kusetshenziswe [[FLT:] ngesikhathi esifanayo [FLT:] [FFFD] [5] [FT] [FT] [FT] [FTB]]

Ukuzitika Nokukhululwa Okukhulu

Ukugwetshwa kuyisigwebo esinikezwa emphakathini ngaphansi kokuqondisa kwesikhulu esihlolayo, esingaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Lezi zimo zingahlanganisa isheke elivamile, ukuhlolwa kwezidakamizwa, izimfuneko zemisebenzi, nemingcele yokuthola umsebenzi, noma ukumiswa kwemisebenzi. Ukuphulwa kwezimo zokulingwa kungaphumela ekususweni kwecala nasekuboshweni. Ngokufanayo, ukukhululwa okuqondiswayo ngokuvamile kulandela ukuboshwa, ukuvumela uhulumeni ukuba ahlole ukubuyiselwa komenzi wobubi emphakathini ngemva kokukhululwa kwakhe ejele.

Imali Eyizindleko Zemali: Imali Emnandi, Ubufebe Nemali Yokuziphilisa

Izijeziso zezimali ziyingxenye evamile yokugweba, ikakhulukazi emacaleni amhlophe awenziwe ngelanga, emacaleni ezidakamizwa, nasekwebeni. izikhokhelo zemali ezibekwe njengesijeziso. [[[FLT:]] i-Restitution[[ ikhokhela isisulu. [FFT] [FT] [intect:5] ihilela ukuthatha impahla noma impahla kahulumeni esetshenziswa ekuthunyeni kwempatho yobugebengu noma ethathwe emsebenzini wobugebengu. Isakhiwo somthetho sempahla esilahlekelweyo siye saba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi siphakamisa imibuzo ebalulekile ngenqubo efanelekile nempahla.

Izigwebo Zomphakathi Nezomphakathi Ohlukile

Ziqaphela ukulinganiselwa kokuboshwa, izinkantolo eziningi ziye zamukela ezinye izinhlelo zokwahlulela. Inkonzo yezempilo ifuna ukuba umenzi wobubi enze umsebenzi ongakhokhelwayo wenhlangano kahulumeni engazuzisi. izinkantolo zezemishoshosholo [ kanye [[FLT:] ne [[FLT]] izinkantolo zezempilo [[[FLT:]] eziyizinhlelo ezikhethekile zenkantolo ezikhethekile ezinikeza isijeziso esingesona isijeziso sezenzo zobugebengu ezingekho budlova. ukuboshwa kwendlu [[FLT] noma [FLT:] ukuhlola [FLT] [FLT] [FLT] ] ukunciphisa izigezomthetho [[FLT] [FLT]] [FLT]] [FLT]] [ect:9]] [endlations ezizibo, ezizibophayothulayo] ezisebenzelayokusebenzayokusebenza

Ukuhlakanipha Kokwahlulela Nengcuba Yezici Eziyisigwebo

Phakathi kwemingcele ebekwe umthetho, abahluleli basebenzisa ukwahlulela okuphawulekayo ekukhiqizeni umusho ofanele. Nokho, lokhu kuqonda akukona ukuzikhethela. Ukukhipha isigwebo kuyinqubo ehlelwe kahle yokwenza izinqumo eqondiswa ukuhlaziywa okubanzi kobubi nomenzeleyo. 18 U.S.C. ○ 3553 (a) izici esimisweni sikahulumeni zinikeza isibonelo sokuhlaziya okwenzeka ezinkantolo kulo lonke izwe.

Amandla Omlando Wonya Nowesigebengu

Indawo yokuqala yanoma imuphi umusho ingubukhulu bobugebengu nomlando wobugebengu bomenzi wobubi. Esimisweni sikahulumeni, i-United States Sentensiglines (USSG) inikeza i-grid enqamule isilinganiso sobugebengu obuqondile kanye nezici eziqondile zobugebengu. Le "ndumiso" isemgweqweni wecala njengebhentshi. Nakuba iziqondiso manje zilandela isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme . Incwadi yencwadi[FLT:][FLT] ihlala inethonya elikhulu.

Izimo Ezichumayo Nezishukumisayo

Ngaphandle kwamanani angaphelele, izinkantolo kumelwe zihlaziye amaqiniso aqondile angase andise noma anciphise ubukhulu besigwebo.

Izici ezikhuphulayo[ zithethelela isigwebo esinzima. Lezi zihlanganisa ukubonisa unya oluthile, izisulu ezingavikelekile (njengasebekhulile noma abantwana), ukukhokha ubugebengu ngenxa yenzuzo engokwezimali, ukusebenzisa kabi isikhundla sokuthembana, noma ukusebenza njengomholi noma umhleli wezenzo zobugebengu.

Izici ezibangela ukuqashelwa [ zisekela umusho olula kakhulu. Izici ezivamile zihlanganisa ukwamukela komenzi wobubi umthwalo wemfanelo, ukuntuleka komlando wobugebengu wangaphambili, ubufakazi bokungaguquguquki kwengqondo noma okungokomzwelo, ukuphoqelelwa, nendima encane ekwahluleleni. Ukuba khona kwezici eziphoqelelayo ngezinye izikhathi kungashukumisela umahluleli ukuba abeke isigwebo ngezansi kwesiqondiso sezeluleko.

Indima Yezitho Ezincane Zokuzala

Izishaya-mthetho nezishaya - mthetho zikahulumeni ziye zamisa imithetho ebophekile yokugweba imithetho eqinile edinga ukugcinwa kwecala elingathi sína, ikakhulukazi ukushushumbisa izidakamizwa, ukuphulwa kwezibhamu, nobugebengu obuthile obunobudlova. Lemithetho ikhumula ijaji lokuhlakanipha futhi ifuna isikhathi esincane sokuboshwa. Izingalamfa eziqinile ziye zaba yindaba yokugxekwa okukhulu. Abaxhasi baphikisa ukuthi baqinisekisa ukungaguquguquki nokunqanda ubugebengu obungathi sína. Abagxeki baphikisa ukuthi baholela emithethweni enzima kakhulu, ikhiphela ukwahlulela okungalinganiyo, futhi inengxenye ekuhlukani kwezinhlanga ngokwezinga lokubulala. I-Actstep [[FLD:1] ka-2018] imelela umzamo obalulekile kahulumeni wokwenza ushintsho lwemikhakhakhakha yomthetho onzima kakhulu, ukuqeda izivumelwano ezingoko ezingoko ezingoko ezingoko ezingoko zokwahlulela ezingoko zomthetho eziphezulu.

Ibalazwe Lomgwaqo Ongokwesayensi: Indlela Isigwebo Esizimisele Ngayo

Uhambo olusuka ekukholweni luye emshweni wokugcina lulandela indlela ehlelwe ngendlela eklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ubulungisa, ukuba sobala, nokunemba.

Umbiko wePre-Sentence (PSR)

Ngaphambi kokuba igwetshwe, isikhulu esigwebayo sihlola isizinda sommangalelwa, sihlanganisa iPRE-Sentence Report (PSR). IPR ihlanganisa umlando womuntu siqu nowomkhaya womoni, imfundo, irekhodi lomsebenzi, isimo sezimali, kanye nomlando wobugebengu bangaphambi. Inikeza futhi imininingwane eningiliziwe yecala nezibalo zokuqala zeziqondiso ezisebenzayo. I-PSR iyincwadi egxekayo enikeza umahluleli ngesithombe esibanzi sommangalelwa njengomuntu, hhayi nje njengomuntu onecala. Kokubili ukumangalelwa nokuzivikela kunethuba lokubukeza i-PSR kanye nehele lokuphikisa ekutholeni kwayo phambi kokulalela isigwebo.

Ukuboshwa Kwezindlebe

Ukugwetshwa kuyinkantolo engokomthetho eqhubeka lapho umahluleli ekhipha isigwebo. Ukuqulwa kwecala kuqala ngesinqumo esingakaphenduli kunoma yikuphi ukuphikisa kwe-PSR. Zombili izinhlangothi zinikezwa ithuba lokuveza izimpikiswano ngokuphathelene nesigwebo esifanele. Isici esiyingqayizivele sokugwetshwa isigwebo yincazelo [ [icala elingokomthetho [[FLT:]] , elinikeza ummangalelwa ilungelo lokukhuluma naye ngokwakhe enkantolo ngaphambi kokuba isigwebo sibekwe. Lokhu kuvumela ummangalelwa ukuba abonise ukudabuka, anikeze incazelo, noma acele isihe. Umahluleli kumelwe futhi avumele [[FLT:] iziphakathi [[FLD:]], izisulu, noma imikhaya yabo isho ukuthi isho ukuthi inecala elingokomzwelo, futhi ibangele ukulimala kweze.

Ukukhipha Isahlulelo Nokusho Izizathu

Ngemva kokucabangela iPSR, izimpikiswano zeseluleko, ukucupha kommangalelwa, kanye nokuthintana nezenzo zesisulu, umahluleli ubeka umgwebo. Ngaphansi kwesimiso sokuqondisa, umahluleli kumelwe asho izizathu zakhe zomusho okhethiwe. Lokhu "ukubekwa kwezizathu" kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze kubukezwe. Umahluleli obeka umusho ngaphandle kohlu oluyisiqondiso kumelwe anikeze isiqinisekiso esiqondile sokubopha isigwebo ezicini zomthetho. Isigwebo sibe sesincishiselwe ekwahlulelweni esilotshiwe, okuthi sekube sekuwumyalo ongokomthetho wenkantolo.

Imigwaqo ehamba phambili yeposi: Ukukhanga nokulungisa

Umusho awulona igama lokugcina ngaso sonke isikhathi. Umthetho unikeza izindlela eziningana zokubekela inselele noma ukulungisa umusho ngemva kokuba ubekwe. La makhambi angemva kokuhlanganisa asebenza njengesehlo elibucayi ngephutha lokwahlulela futhi uvumela ukulungisa okusekelwe elwazini olusha noma ezimweni ezishintshile.

Ukukhanga Okuqondile

Ummangalelwa unelungelo lokudlulisa isigwebo enkantolo ephakeme. Izizathu ezivamile zokudlulisa isikhalo zihlanganisa amaphutha e-proceded (njengokubala ngokungafanele uhlu lweziqondiso), ukungaqondi okungaqondakali okungavumelekile (umusho onzima kakhulu noma oyekelela kakhulu), noma ukuphula umthetho-mthetho. Indinganiso yokuhlola ukudlulisa isigwebo ngokuvamile ihambisana namaqiniso enkantolo yesifunda, ukuwahlola ngokuqondile amaphutha, kuyilapho izincazelo ezingokomthetho zeziqondiso zesigwebo zibukezwa ngo-devo. Inkantolo ye-aste ingaqinisekisa umusho, i-vacacete, futhi iphinde iphindise icala ngenxa yokucasha, noma kwezinye izimo, ilungise isigwebo ngokuqondile.

Ukuhlasela Okuvamile (I - habeas Corpus)

Ngaphezu kokunxusa ngokuqondile, ummangalelwa angabekela isigwebo inselele ngokuhlasela okungaqiniseki, ngokuvamile isicelo se-habeas corpus (ngaphansi kuka-28 U.S.C. ▫ 225 kuhulumeni). Le mithetho ayithatheli isikhundla sokudlulisa isikhalo esiqondile futhi igcinelwe ukuphucwa kwamalungelo omthetho, ukuhluleka kosizo lweseluleko, noma ubufakazi obusanda kutholakala obungatholakali ngaphambili. Isithiyo se-procedtura sosizo lwe-habeas siphakeme, futhi indinganiso yokubukezwa incane.

Izigwebo Zokuhlenga Nokukhululwa Ngozwela

Ngisho nangemva kokuba isigwebo sesiqinisekisiwe, kungase kube lula ukusilungisa. Esimisweni sikahulumeni, Rule 35 (b) uvumela inkantolo ukuba inciphise isigwebo uma ummangalelwa kamuva enikeza usizo oluqinile kuhulumeni ekuhloleni noma ekuququleni omunye umuntu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhululwa [i-aqinisekiswe ngo-18 U.S.C. 3582] (c)(1) ukuvumela inkantolo ukuba inciphise umusholo ngesizathu esiphathelene nokulawula, "kakhulu," njengesimo sokugula, ukufa, noma ukukhushukuma komntwana, noma ukukhushushisa inkathi ephambili. Isenzo sokuqala sobungane nesemgebengosisebenzisisebenzi senkantolo.

Izinkinga Zangesikhathi Esidlule Nokuziphendukela Kwesigwebo

Ukuqhubeka nezingxoxo zokulunga, ukuphumelela nobulungisa kuyaqhubeka kuthuthukisa izinguquko zomthetho nokwahlulela.

Umehluko Wezinhlanga Nezenhlalo Nezomnotho

Amashumi eminyaka okucwaninga kuye kwaveza ukwahlukana okuphawulekayo kwezinhlanga nobuzwe ekugwebeni imiphumela. Ukuhlola kubonisa njalo ukuthi abamangalelwa abamnyama nababhishobhi ababhidlikile basengozini kakhulu yokwamukela imigwebo enzima, kuhlanganise nemisho emide yokuboshwa, kunabamangalelwa abamhlophe ababoshwayo ngenxa yamacala afanayo. Lokhu kwahluka kuhlangene nohlu oluyinkimbinkimbi lwezici, kuhlanganise nokucwaswa okusobala, ukugcinwa kwemithetho yezidakamizwa, kanye nezimo ezingokomnotho ezithinta ikhono lommangalelwa lokuvikela impumelelo. Ukuguqula lezizimo ezihlukene kuwumgomo oyinhloko wenguquko yanamuhla.

Ukuthungatha Inqwaba Nokumangalela Inguquko

I-United States inezinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokuvalelwa kwanoma yiliphi izwe elithuthukile. Ukudlondlobala kwenani lamajele phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amane edlule kubangelwa kakhulu ushintsho esimisweni sokugweba, kuhlanganise nokwanda kwemithetho efushanisiwe, "iqiniso" imithetho eqeda isigwebo, ne "impi yokubulala izidakamizwa" nemiphumela yokugqunywa kwabantu abaningi. Imiphumela yokugqunywa ejele kwabantu abaningi iye yabhubhisa imiphakathi, imikhaya, nempilo eqinile yezwe. Ukuvumelana okukhulayo ngesidingo senguquko kuye kwaholela ezinguqukweni ezinkulu zomthetho wombuso nasemazingeni kazwe, kuhlanganise noMthetho wokuqala [[FLT:] [FLT] [FLD:1], ukuncishiswa kwemidamuko yemilaliso, kanye nokwanda kwesikhathi esithola ukukhokhwa kwemizwa kwemizwa kwemidalo.

Ukwanda Kobulungisa Obubuyiselwe

Ukunganeliseki ngesibonelo sokujezisa esiphelele sokugweba kuye kwabangela ukuvuselelwa kwenhlangano yobulungisa. Ubulungisa obubuyiselayo bugcizelela ukulandisa, ukuphulukisa, nokuhileleka komphakathi. Ngokuvamile buhlanganisa ukuzwana phakathi komenzi wobubi, isisulu, namalungu omphakathi. Nakuba kungafanelekile kuzo zonke izimo, ukubuyisela imikhuba yobulungisa kuya ngokuqhubekayo kuhlanganiswa enqubweni yokugwetshwa, ikakhulukazi ezenzweni zentsha ezizephula umthetho namacala angathinti kakhulu. Lendlela ihambisana eduze nemigomo yokubuyisela nokulungisa nokulungisa, inikeza enye indlela engcono yokubuyisela umuntu esimweni sokugwetshwa.

Ithonya Lokwaziswa Nobuchwepheshe Lokugweba

Ukusetshenziswa okwandayo kokwaziswa kanye namathuluzi okuhlola asengozini esimisweni sokwahlulela kobugebengu kunikeza kokubili amathuba nezingozi. Amagunya amaningi manje asebenzisa amanani ezenzo ukuze ahlole ingozi yommangalelwa yokuphinde axoshe. Lamathuluzi angasiza abahluleli ukuba benze izinqumo ezinolwazi oluthé xaxa ngokuphathelene nebheyili nokugcinwa, ukuqaphelisa umongo obanzi wenqubo yokuvumelana [ nokusebenzisa ulwazi olusemthethweni. Nokho, abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi la mithetho ingaqhubekisela phambili izinhlanga nemibono engaphansi kokwaziswa, iholele ekubeni kube nohlobo olusha lwesinqumo esingakholeki. Isimiso somthetho sisaphazamisana nokusetshenziswa kobuhlakani obungeqinisiwe enkantolo.

Isiphetho

Ukugweba kungaphezu kwesahluko sokugcina secala lobugebengu; kuyindlela umphakathi ohlela ngayo isahlulelo sawo sokuziphatha futhi usebenzise amandla awo amakhulu omphakathi phezu komuntu. Lenqubo iyisenzo esinesizotha sokulinganisela, idinga izinkantolo ukuba zilinganise izicelo eziphikisanayo zesijeziso, ukulondeka komphakathi, ukuqondisa, nokubonisa isihe. Ukusekela kwefilosofi yokujezisa nokunqanda ukuvikela nokuvikela i-Pre-Sentence Report nokugweba isigwebo, zonke izigaba zenqubo zigcwele isijeziso. Njengoba ukuqonda kwethu imithetho yobulungisa kushintsha, kanjalo kumelwe silwe nokugweba kwethu imithetho nemikhuba. Ukulwa okuqhubekayo kokuhlanganisa izifiso zokulinganisa ukulingana, ukulunga, ukulunga, nesithunzi kwabantu kanye nezidingo zomthetho owembubhiyo nokuncintiswa kwezelelwa kweze.