Ukuqeda ukubalwa kwabantu akuyona nje imfuneko yezikhulu zesizwe ezifuna i-bureaucratic, kuyisenzo sesisekelo somphakathi esihlela indlela ohulumeni abanikeza ngayo imali, bahlele izinkonzo zomphakathi, banqume ukuma, futhi bakhulume ngezidingo zomphakathi. Kubo bonke abantu, ukwaziswa kuyasiza ekwakheni izikole, izibhedlela, imigwaqo, nezinkonzo eziphuthumayo lapho zidingeka khona kakhulu. Kodwa izigidi zemikhaya ezikhuluma isiNgisi, ukuhlanganyela ekubaleni inani labantu kungaba yisenzo esinzima kakhulu, ukudidanisa, nokwesabisa. Imingcele yolimi, ukuqasha, ukuqasha, ukungazinziswa kwenqubo, ngisho nokungathemba uhulumeni kungavimbela ukuba lezi zindawo zibelwa ngokunembile. Uma abantu abakhuluma isiNgisi bebala kakhulu, yonke imiphakathi ilahlekelwa imithombo nezimpawu zezombangazwe ngeminyaka eyishumi. Ukunikeza amasiko akusizangakho ukusekela kwekhono kwezazi zezwe lonke.

Lesi sihloko sihlola izinselele ezithile imikhaya ekhuluma isiNgisi ebhekene nazo lapho iqeda ukubalwa kwabantu futhi inikeza amasu asebenzayo izinhlangano zikahulumeni, izinhlangano zomphakathi, nabasekeli abangawasebenzisa ukuze benze lenqubo ihlanganise ngempela. Ngokuhlanganisa izinto ezikhuluma ngezilimi eziningi, ubuchwepheshe, izimpande zotshani, kanye nobudlelwane bomphakathi obuthembekile, ungasusa izithiyo futhi usize wonke amakhaya ahlanganyele ngokuqiniseka nangokuphelele.

Ukuqonda Izinselele Imikhaya Engaphili IsiNgisi Ebhekana Nazo

Ukuze kutholakale ukusekela okuphumelelayo, kubalulekile kuqala ukuqonda izithiyo eziningi imikhaya engakhulumanga isiNgisi ehlangabezana nazo. Lezi zinselele zivame ukuhlobana futhi zingahlanganisa izakhi ukuze kube nomngcele omkhulu wokuhlanganyela.

Izithiyo Zolimi Ezingenakuhunyushwa

Inselele esobala ukuthi izindlela zokubalwa kwabantu kanye neziyalezo zinikezwa ngenani elilinganiselwe lezilimi, ngokuvamile isiNgisi neSpanishi kuphela ezizweni eziningi. Ngisho noma zihunyushwe zikhona, izikhulumi ezingashintshwanga zingalwisana namagama angokomthetho noma amakhono angahunyushiwe ngokucacile. Isibonelo, amagama anjengesithi “ubuhlobo phakathi kwabantu ekhaya,” “ama-vs.,” noma“ ama-randing nescuting ,” zingaba nezincazelo ezihlukene emasikweni amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhulumi eziningi ezingamaNgilandi zingaba nezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwazi ukufunda nokwazi ukufunda ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko, ngakho ukuhumusha kuphela kungase kunganele. Izilimi ezibhalwe ngaphandle kwezindlela ezibhalwayo, ezinjengezilimi ezithile zendabuko noma zesifunda, ngisho nezinkulu manje.

Ukulinganiselwa Kwamakhono Okufunda Nokungakwazi Ukufunda

Ngisho nasolimini lokuqala lomuntu, amafomu okubala abantu angaba amabhukwana ayinkimbinkimbi anemiyalo eminingi, izingxenye eziningi, nemibuzo yezezomnotho edinga ukuphendulwa kwenani. Abantu abanemfundo elinganiselwe noma abangafundile kakhulu bangase bakuthole kunzima ukugcwalisa amafomu ngokuzimele. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi kumalungu asekhulile asebafokazi okungenzeka ukuthi asefunde kakhulu ezweni lawo. Ukwesaba ukwenza iphutha noma ukunikeza ukwaziswa okunganembile ngokuvamile kuholela ekugwemeni noma ekuzithobekeni okungaphelele.

Ukungathembani Nokwesaba Uhulumeni

Emiphakathini eminingi, ikakhulukazi leyo engabhalwanga noma eye yashushiswa uhulumeni emazweni akubo, kunezinhlonhlo ezinamandla zokuqoqwa kokwaziswa okungokomthetho. Ukungaqondi mayelana nemininingwane eyimfihlo, imfihlo, nendlela ukwaziswa okuzosetshenziswa ngayo kungavimbela ukuthatha inxaxheba. Imikhaya engakhulumanga isiZulu ingase yesabe ukuthi ingasabelana nokuphoqelelwa kwabafuduki noma isetshenziswe ngokumelene nabo. Lokhu kwesaba ngokuvamile kubangelwa yimingcele yolimi evimbela ukukhulumisana okucacile ngesivikelo esingokomthetho, njengeqiniso lokuthi ukwaziswa ngokubala abantu akunakusetshenziswa ekuhlaseleni abantu ngabanye abavela kwamanye amazwe emazweni amaningi.

Ukungalingani Nenqubo Yokubala

Kubantu abasanda kufika noma ababaleki, wonke umqondo wokubalwa kwabantu okugunyaziwe ungavela kwamanye amazwe. Bangase bangaqondi ukuthi kungani kudingeka baqede ifomu elithile, ukuthi bangalithola kanjani, noma kwenzekani uma bengasabeli. Izinyathelo ezifana nokuthumela iphepha, ukungena echwebeni le-intanethi, noma ukushayela ucingo inombolo kungaba yindida ngaphandle kwesiqondiso esicacile, esingokwesiko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eminye imiphakathi incike kakhulu ekuxhumaneni ngomlomo nasekwenzeni izinqumo, okwenza ukuba ukuba ukuba ukuba abantu ngabanye basekhaya bazizwe bengemthetho ohlukile noma bahlukaniswe.

Ukuntuleka Kokuthola Ubuchwepheshe

Izindawo eziningi zokubala abantu manje zinikeza izindlela zokuqeda i-intanethi, kodwa imikhaya ekhuluma isiNgisi ingaba ne-minute-scrime elinganiselwe noma ingakwazi ukukwazi ukufunda noma ukufinyelela i-inthanethi. Izinhlelo ze-intanethi ngokwazo zingase zingangeni kahle endaweni yazo, noma zingasekela kuphela izilimi ezimbalwa, ziphoqelele abasebenzisi ukuba bahambe ngesiNgisi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bathanda kangakanani. Indlela yokuqala yokuhamba ngemoto ingasiza, kodwa idinga i-makhalekhukhwini enokwaziswa ne-savvy yobuchwepheshe, kodwa ingayikhiphi ingxenye enkulu yabantu, ikakhulukazi abantu abadala kanye nalabo abaphila ngobumpofu.

Amasu Okusekela Imikhaya Engaphili IsiNgisi

Ukusekela okuphumelelayo kudinga indlela ebanzi, esheshayo engokwesiko ethinta isigaba ngasinye senqubo yokubala (ukusuka ekuqapheleni nasekudluliseleni isilinganiso kuze kuphele futhi kulandele). Amasu alandelayo avunyelelwa ekuthuthukiseni ukuthatha isinyathelo nokunemba phakathi kwemiphakathi ekhuluma isiNgisi.

Yenza Izinto Ezikhulunywayo Eziningi Ngendlela Enenjongo

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukwenza ukuba kube nezinombolo zezilimi ezivame ukukhulunywa kakhulu kuwe. Kodwa ukuhumusha nje le ndlela akwanele. Kumelwe uhumushe wonke amabhukwana okusekela `izincwadi, izicelo, izimemo zemfihlo, kanye nezitashi-mkhakha-mkhakha-khakha-khakha-khakha-khakha). Izinguqulo eziqinisekisiwe zenziwa yizazi eziqonda amagama okubhalwa abantu futhi zijwayelene nomehluko wesiko wezilaleli ezikhonjiwe. Sebenzisa ulimi olucacile noma nini lapho kungenzeka, ukugwema ukufakwa kwemisho engokomthetho nezakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ngaphezu kwezinguqulo ezibhaliwe, nikeza izinto ezibhalwe ngamafomethi afana nokuqopha imisindo, ukushicilela okukhulu, kanye ne-rallelle yalabo abanokukhubazeka kokubona. Izinsiza-kubona njenge-pictogram, amaphawu, kanye ne-meta-graphics ezithiwa nge-testalalgraphs zisiza ekusizeni amabhuloho okufunda nokubhala amabhuloho. Ngokwesibonelo, umfanekiso obonisa ukuthi ungadweba kanjani amalungu asekhaya ngezithombe ezilula ze- “ear,” “baby,”“ i-rommone,” ingaqondwa yonke indawo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ulimi luni.

Nikeza Usizo Lolimi Ngosizo Lwabantu Abavamile Nezisebenzi Zokuzithandela

Izisebenzi ezisebenza ngokuzihambela kanye nezisebenzi zokuzithandela eziqeqeshiwe ziwusizo kakhulu ekunikezeni ukusekela kwasemhlabeni. Uma zithola usizo, imikhaya ivumela ukuba ibuze imibuzo ngolimi oluthandayo futhi ithole usizo olusheshayo, oluzimele. Qeqesha laba basizi hhayi ngolwazi lolimi kuphela kodwa futhi nasenqubeni yokubala abantu, imithetho yangasese, kanye nokuzwela kwempucuko. Kufanele bakwazi ukuchaza ukuthi kungani umbuzo ngamunye ubuzwa futhi uqinisekisa abahlanganyeli abanqikazayo ngokufihla imfihlo.

Cabangela ukumisa i-recurection enikezelwe esekela imigqa eshisayo yezilimi zomphakathi. Lokhu kusebenza okushisayo kufanele kukhululwe ngokwezezindaba zobuzwe, nge-operation bomphakathi, nangezemidiyamu yezenhlalo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Census Bureaual ine-Language Active Hotline esekela izilimi eziningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-mouse asizayo angaya ezindaweni ezihlala abantu abakhuluma amagesi angewona amaNgilandi ukuze anikeze usizo emabhukwini omtapopo, ezikhungweni zomphakathi, ezindawo zokukhulekela, ngisho naseminyango.

Izinhlangano Zomphakathi Ezingasasebenzi Nabaholi Abathenjwayo

Izinhlangano ezisekelwe emphakathini (CBOs) kakade sezinethemba elijulile nobuhlobo nabantu abangewona amaNgilandi abakhuluma isiNgisi. Ukubambisana nezinhlangano zezempucuko zendawo, izinhlangano zababaleki ezithatha indawo eyodwa, izikhungo zomphakathi, amaqembu asekelwe elukholweni, nezinhlangano zabafuduki. Laba bangane bangasiza ekusakazeni ukwaziswa okuqondile, izenzakalo ezihlanganisa ulwazi, futhi banikeze usizo endaweni ejwayelekile, engasongeli ingozi.

Abaholi bomphakathi abafana nabefundisi, amamam, abadala besizwe, noma abanikazi bezentengiselwano abaziwayo, basebenzela njengezikhulu zezentengiselwano zokubala abantu. Uma umuntu othembekile evuma ukubalwa kwabantu futhi echaza izinzuzo nokuvikelwa kwakho ngolimi lomphakathi, kuyancipha. Qeqesha abaholi ngemiyalezo eyisihluthulelo futhi ubanikeze amaphuzu akhulumayo, izincwajana, kanye nezinto zamavidiyo abangazisebenzisa emizini yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, umholi wenhlangano yaseVietnam okhuluma emkhosini kaNyaka Entsha ka-Shayina angafinyelela izinkulungwane zemikhaya ngomyalezo owodwa.

Yenza Ubuchwepheshe Namathuluzi Ezilimi Ezihlukahlukene

Ubuchwepheshe bunganciphisa kakhulu imingcele yolimi uma lusetshenziswa ngokucabangela. Ukusungula itheku elibalwa abantu ngezilimi eziningi elivumela abasebenzisa izinhlelo zokukhetha ulimi lwabo ekuqaleni kanye bese beqeda lonke ulimi lwalolo limi. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi leli zibuko lineminxeba futhi lilungele ukuxhumana kwemisebe ephansi, ngoba abasebenzisi abaningi bathembele kumakhalekhukhwini anemininingwane elinganiselwe. Izici zokuhumusha zesikhathi sangempela sosizo noma i-ngxoxo abasizayo abasizayo abaxhasi abakwazi ukuphendula imibuzo ngezilimi eziningi.

Amathuluzi asebenzayo angenza le nqubo ingasabiseki. Ngokwesibonelo, “i-census eqondisa abasebenzisi kumbuzo ngamunye ngesikhathi ngasinye, enezimpoqo zomsindo nezicacile, kungaba usizo kakhulu kubasebenzisi abangafundile kakhulu. Ngokufana nendlela i-Drecus Conted Management System (ifakelwe izihloko zemikhumbi ezihlobene) evumela amaqembu ukuba alawule okuqukethwe yizilimi ngokubhucungwa, i-CMS eqinile ngemva kokubalwa kwabantu ingasiza abaphathi ukuba balondoloze izinguqulo futhi balungise kahle emakhulwini ezilimini. Ungwele okuqukethwe yi-injini kuba umsizi onamandla okwazi ukuhlanganisa izigaba.

Izinhlelo zezokuxhumana zezokuxhumana kanye nezinhlelo ze-athom ze-Assapp, Wecat, ne-Line zisetshenziswa kabanzi yizindawo zabafuduki. Disséminate, ufake amavidiyo nemibhalo ebhalwe ngolimi lomphakathi ngalezi zindlela. Sebenzisa izikhangiso ezihloselwe ukufinyelela amaqoqo ezilimi ezithile. Futhi, cabangela ukwenza izikhumbuzo ze-SMS ezingakhethi ngeziqondiso ezilula zolimi lomsebenzisi ukuze ubasize ukuba baqede ukubala ngaphambi kokuphela kosuku.

Izenzakalo Zomphakathi Zokungenisa Izivakashi Nezindawo Zomsebenzi

Hlela amashabhu noma amashabhu ngokukhethekile emikhaya engawasebenzisi amasiNgisi. Memezelani lezi zenzakalo ngemifelandawonye yomphakathi nangemidiyabu yohlanga. Eshabhu, nikeza isiqondiso esilandelanayo sendlela yokuqeda ifomu lokubala, chaza injongo yombuzo ngamunye, futhi nikeza abahlanganyela ithuba lokugcwalisa ifomu nge-stereter ngosizo olutholakalayo. Uma kungenzeka, zihlanganisa nezikole, imitholampilo, noma izindawo zokukhulekela ukuze kumiswe “iziteshi ezipheleleyo” phakathi nemibuthano yomphakathi ekhona.

Kwezehlakalo ezingathi ziyenzeka, sebenzisa amasiteji evidiyo anamandla okuchaza angempela. Ngokwesibonelo, yiba nesikhulumi ngesiNgisi esichaza kanye kanye ngesiSpanishi, isiMandarin, noma isiArabhu ngezindlela ezihlukene zokulalela. Vumela abathatha ingxenye ukuba babuze imibuzo ngengxoxo noma ngokukhipha izintambo ngolimi lwabo oluthandwayo. Khuphela iziqephu futhi uzenze zitholakale ku-YouTube ngezihloko eziningi.

Sebenzisa Izindlela Zokusiza Nokulandisa Ezinemiklamo Engokwesiko

Izinsiza mbono ezibonisa amasiko omphakathi, izindinganiso, nokuphila kwansuku zonke kuphumelela kakhulu kunezithombe zikahulumeni ezivamile. Bonisa izithombe zemikhaya ehlukahlukene, amakhaya, nomakhelwane abafana nalabo abahlolwa. Sebenzisa indaba ukuze udlulisele ukubaluleka kokubalwa kwabantu: unikeza ubufakazi obuvela emalungwini omphakathi aye azuza ezinkonzweni ezincintiswaneni ezisekelwe emininingwaneni yokubala abantu. Ngokufana nogogo owathola iMedicadare ngenxa yokuthi umphakathi wakhe wabalwa, noma ingane eyathola ibhasi lesikole ngenxa yokuthi indawo ahlala kuyo yayimelelwe ngokunembile. Lezi zilandisa zithinta kakhulu kunezibalo kuphela.

Imikhuba Emihle Kakhulu Yokufinyelela Izinombolo Kwabakhuluma Izilimi Ezingezona Izingisi

Ngaphandle kwamacebo aqondile, ukwamukela ngokweqile imikhuba emihle kakhulu kuyothuthukisa zonke izici zesimiso sakho sokusekela.

Qala Ngokushesha Futhi Wakhe Ithemba Ngokuhamba Kwesikhathi

Ukwethembana akunakuqiniswa phakathi namasonto ambalwa okuqoqwa kwabantu. Qala ukufinyelela ezinyangeni ezingaphambili, ngaphambi kokuba izinhlelo zithunyelwe. Sebenzisa leso sikhathi ukwakha ubuhlobo nabaholi bomphakathi, ukuba nezenzakalo zokusungula ukwaziswa, nokususa izinganekwane. Ukuba khona okungaguquguquki kuyokwenza imiphakathi ihlale ikulungele ukuzwana lapho isikhathi sifika sokuqeda lesisimo.

Yiba Ongakuqapheli Kahle Ukufihla Izindaba Zakho Zomuntu Ongasese Neziyimfihlo

Kuzo zonke izinkulumo, gcizelela ukuthi ukusabela kokubala abantu kuvikelwe umthetho futhi akunakuhlanganyelwa nezinye izinhlangano zikahulumeni, kuhlanganise nokugcinwa kwezokufuduka. Lungisa amaphepha alula, anezinhlamvu zezinhlamvu ngezilimi eziningi achaza kahle ukuthi ukwaziswa kuzakuchazwa kanjani. (nango-_zo) Sebenzisa izibonelo ezikhuluma ngokwesaba okuvamile: “Igama lakho nekheli kugcinwa kuhlukanisiwe nezimpendulo zakho. Akukho phoyisa noma isikhulu esisebenza kwamanye amazwe esikwazi ukubona umlando wakho.” Ukuba izisebenzi ezikhuluma izigaba ezimbili ezihlukene zichaze lokhu ngezenzo kuqinisa umyalezo.

Gcina Ukudla Nokuhlaziya

Ngemva komjikelezo wokubala, uhlola noma ugxilise amaqembu emikhaya ekhuluma isiNgisi ukuze aqonde ukuthi yini esebenzayo nokuthi yini engathuthukiswa. Buza ngokucaca kwezinto ezihunyushwayo, ukusiza kwemisebenzi nokuphumelela kwezindlela zokuthola usizo. Sebenzisa lesi sicelo ukuze uthuthukise indlela ofunda ngayo ukubala okulandelayo. Hlanganisa izifundo nezinye izinhlangano ukuze insimu ithuthukise iqoqo.

Ihlotshiswe Ngaphesheya Kohulumeni Kwezezinkonzo Nezi - NGO

Ayikho inhlangano engafinyelela kuyo yonke indlu ekhuluma isiNgisi. Yenza umfelandawonye ohlanganisa amahhovisi abalwa abantu edolobha noma amasifundazwe, izifunda, iminyango yezempilo, imitapo yezemitapo, namaziko enkonzo angazuzisi. Ngamunye umninindlu uyakwazi ukufinyelela izigaba ezihlukahlukene zomphakathi. Ngokuthumela imiyalezo nokuhlanganyela izimali, ugwema ukuhlanganisa nokufinyelela. Ngokwesibonelo, umthola-mpilo womphakathi ungasakaza ukwaziswa ngokubala kanye nezimiso zokugoma, kuyilapho umtapo wezincwadi ungathola izikhawu zosizo.

Izibonelo Zezwe Langempela Zokusekela Okuphumelelayo

Imiphakathi eminingana iye yasungula izinhlelo ezintsha ezingasebenza njengemidwebo. EDolobheni laseNew York, i- “Census 2020 Complete Count Fund” yanikeza izimali eziqoqweni ezisekelwe emphakathini ezisiza abafuduki nabangewona amaNgilandi abakhuluma isiNgisi. Lezinhlangano zasebenzisa amaseyili abakhuluma izilimi eziningi, zaba nezenzakalo zomphakathi, zakha nezinto ezithile ezizodwa ezingokwesiko. Ngenxa yalokho, ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo ngokwesiko zabona ukuthi amazinga angcono. Ngokufanayo, isifunda sase California safaka umkhankaso wezokuxhumana owawuhlanganisa iTV, umsakazomsakazo, futhi sanyathelisa izikhangiso ngezilimi ezingaphezu kuka-50, ngokugxila ekwakhekeni kwezethemba ngomphakathi.

E-Australia, i-Australia Bureau of Statistics inikeza amafomu okubala ngezilimi ezingaphezu kwama-40, kanye nenkonzo yokuhumusha yamahora angama-24 kanye nezikhawu zokwaziswa komphakathi ezinikezwa abaqondisi bezilimi ezimbili. Zinikeza futhi “usizo” lwe-app eqondisa abasebenzisi nge-meodio kanye nokubona. Lemizamo iye yanezela ekuthatheleni iqhaza elikhulu emiphakathini yabafuduki.

Izinhlangano ezifuna ukulawula okuqukethwe abantu abakhuluma ngezilimi eziningi ngokwesilinganiso, zisebenzisa isimiso sokulawula okuvumelanayo esinjenge-Draiceus", esivumela amaqembu ukuba adale, aguqule futhi anyathelise okuqukethwe ezilimini eziningi kusukela ngemva kwe-(ccan) eyodwa nqubo. Nakuba ubuchwepheshe ngokwabo bungesona inhlamvu yesiliva, bususa ukukhuhlana okusebenza okuvame ukwenza izinto ziphelelwe isikhathi noma zingaphelelanga. Uma abaphathi benani lokubala bengalungisa izinguqulo ngesikhathi sangempela futhi bazisunduze kuyo yonke imisele, bangasabela ngokushesha ekuvezeni izidingo.

Isiphetho

Ukusekela imikhaya ekhuluma isiNgisi ekuqedeni lokhu kubalwa akuyona nje imfuneko edingekile kodwa futhi kuyisidingo esiwusizo semininingwane enembile. Wonke umuntu ongaqalwanga umelela ukulahlekelwa ngokwezimali, izinkonzo ezingekho, futhi ubuthakathaka kwezombangazwe kuyo yonke imiphakathi. Ngokuqonda imingcele [1] izilimi, ukufunda, ukwesaba, ukungajwayeleki, nokwehlukani kwezimiso zobuchwepheshe, ubuchwepheshe, nokuthembana, singakha inqubo yokubala ehlanganisa impela.

Imishini kumelwe ibophezele ekuthembiseni isikhashana, ukuqala ngokushesha, nokuhlola njalo ukuphumelela kwayo. Izindlela ezichazwe lapha `kusukela ekunikezeni izisebenzi ezikhuluma izilimi ezimbili kanye nezinhlangothi ezishisayo kuya ekusebenziseni amathuluzi okulandisa nokulungisa amasiko emishini (-atmosfects) anikeza ibala lomgwaqo lokufinyelela yonke imizi. Ngokusebenza ndawonye, izinhlangano zomphakathi, nabaphathi bobuchwepheshe bangaqinisekisa ukuthi akekho oshiywe ngaphandle kokubala abantu. Umphumela uwukushaya phambili, ukulingana, nomphakathi omeleleyo lapho wonke umuntu efuna khona.