Isingeniso: Akuyona Into Engavamile

Isifungo sobumongameli sehhovisi singenye yezikhathi ezichaza kakhulu ekuphileni kwezombangazwe kwaseMelika. Siqhutshwa njalo eminyakeni emine ngoJanuary 20, umkhosi wokunikezelwa uphawula ukudluliswa ngokuthula kwamandla − itshe eliyinhloko lokubusa kwentando yeningi. Nokho isifungo ngokwaso singaphezu kakhulu komthetho wesivumelwano se-professolthi. Siyisivumelwano somphakathi phakathi kukamongameli ozayo nabantu baseMelika, isikhathi esidlula isigaba esihlukanisayo nesivuselela umuzwa ohlangeneyo wesizwe. Enkathini yokubekwa kwemibuso ejulile yezombangazwe, isenzo esilula sokuphakamisa isandla nokuphinda amagama angu-35 siba isikhumbuzo esinamandla salokho okuhlanganisa isizwe: ukuzinikela eMthethweni womthetho, ekubuseni umthetho, nasemisweni okuhlala njalo kwenkululeko, ubulungisa, nombuso wentando yezwe.

Ukwenziwa komongameli ngakunye kudonsela izigidi zezibukeli emhlabeni wonke, kusukela kulezo ezibuthene eMall yeSizwe ukuya kulabo ababuka besekhaya. Isenzakalo sisekelwe esikweni: umbukiso, ikheli lokuvula, imithandazo, nomculo konke kuqinisa amandla esenzakalo. Kodwa ekujuleni kwazo zonke izifungo. Ulimi lwayo aluzange lushintshe kusukela ngo-George Washington luyisho ngonyaka ka-17889. Lokhu kuqhubeka ngokwako kuwuhlobo lobunye − ikheli elihlanganisa isikhathi esidlule, manje, nekusasa. Ukuqonda ukubaluleka okujulile kwesifungo kusisiza ukuba siqonde ukuthi kungani lulokhu kusewumkhuba obalulekile kuhulumeni baseMelika obusa ngentando yeningi.

Isisekelo Somthetho - sisekelo Sesihlwathi

Isifungo sobumongameli sisekelwe eSiphakamiso II, Ingxenye 1, u-Claus 8, woMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. amagama aqondile ashiwoyo yilawa: ] ngifunga ukuthi ngiyoyifeza ngokwethembeka iHhovisi likaMongameli wase-United States, futhi ngizoyisebenzisela phambili i-Profester of United States, futhi ngigcine, vikela futhi uvikele uMthetho-sisekelo wase-United States. Lombhalo uwukuphela kwesinqumo sehhovisi elichazwe ngokucacile eMthethweni-sisekelo, ufaka ukubaluleka kwalo kwesisekelo. I-qualifier "noma isiqinisekiso" ivumela labo abanezimpikiswano ezingokwenkolo ukuba benze isifungo esifungelwe ukwenza isifungo esihlonipheyo esikhundleni sokuqinisekisa esikhundleni sesimiso senkolo.[FLT] [at]

Abakhi bafaka isifungo ngamabomu ngaphakathi kweSiphakamiso II, esihlela igatsha eliphetheyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isenzo sokuqala esingokomthetho sikamongameli siyoba isithembiso somphakathi sokusekela umthetho ophakeme wezwe. Njengoba iNational Archives ichaza[[, lemfuneko iqinisekisa ukubekwa kwecala futhi iqinisela ukuhlukaniswa kwemibuso. Isifungo asithathwa eqenjini lezombangazwe, ukumiswa kwemithetho engokomthetho, noma ngisho nakubantu ngabanye ngokuqondile. Umehluko ocacile kodwa ocatshangekile yiwo owenza isifungo sibe namandla ahlanganisayo: siqondisa ukwethembeka emaqenjini azimele esimiso sikahulumeni waseMelika.

Amazwi Abuhlungu: Ukuphula I - oath

Inkulumo ngayinye yesifungo inencazelo ejulile. " ngokwethembeka isebenzisa iHhovisi likaMongameli" ibeka umsebenzi wobuqotho nokukhuthala, ifanekisela indima kamongameli njengesikhulu esiyinhloko. " engcono kakhulu ekhono lami"[ uvuma ukuhluleka kwabantu kuyilapho ukucindezela ngobuqotho. [[FLT:]] uvikela futhi uvikela uMthetho-sisekelo"[FLT:] unegunya eliyinhloko, elifuna umongameli ukuba asebenze njengomgcini wemithetho eyisisekelo yesizwe. Ngokungafani namanye amazwe amaningi lapho inhloko yesizwe ifuna khona ukuthembeka enkosi noma i-mosmome, i-Melika i-Asmonement, i-asmonement i-'ibowment i-dia profeal as profestment of the provident.

Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, kuye kwenziwa ingxubevange encane kakhulu. Ngokuphawulekayo, uGeorge Washington wanezela amagama ] ngakho - ke ngisize nguNkulunkulu" ngemva kokuphindaphinda isifungo, umkhuba oye waba ngokomthetho (nakuba awugunyaziwe ngokomthetho) kamongameli ngamunye kusukela ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu kwenezelwa okungahleleki kuye kwabangela ukuphikisana mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwesonto nombuso, kodwa futhi kubonisa nezinkolelo zomuntu siqu eziye zalethwa ngumongameli abaningi. Ukuvumelana nalamazwi kugcizelela noma ukuvumelana nokuvumelana nezifungo ngokomthetho cishe kusemgangathweni okwaziyo ukulokhu kulokhu kusebenza ezikhathini ezishintshayo.

Izikhathi Ezingokomlando: Isicathulo Njengesikhungo Sobunye

Kuwo wonke umlando waseMelika, isifungo somongameli siye sasebenza njengophawu olunamandla lobunye, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zenhlekelele noma zenkathi yokwehlukana.

George Washington: Ukumisa Ingozi

NgoApril 30, 1789, uGeorge Washington wathatha isifungo sokuqala somongameli kuvulandi we-Federal Hall eNew York City. Isizwe esisha sasintekenteke, izinhlangano zaso zingahlolwanga. Isithunzi esizolile seWashington kanye nokunezela kwakhe ngokuzenzakalelayo, ngakho ngisiza ukuba ngibone ukuthi unkulunkulu" wasiza ekumiseni ukuhlonipheka kwesenzakalo. Isinqumo sakhe sokubeka isandla sakhe phezu kweBhayibheli (*) futhi kamuva sokusiqabula. [ukusiqabula] kwaso isiqu se-steoces arroptu esaba i-[Filish'ston izimpawu ezibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi i-Prician iyakuba yihhovisi leRepublican, hhayi umbusi. Ukuzimisela kwakhe ukwamukela umqhele wokulungisa noma ukunquma kokuphila kwakhe okuyo okuyo kuqhubekela.

U - Abraham Lincoln: Ukuhlanganisa Ubunye

Mhlawumbe kwakungekho ukumiswa okwakugcwele ukucindezeleka okukhulu kunoAbraham Lincoln wokuqala ngo-1861. Izizwe zaseNingizimu eziyisikhombisa zase zihlukene, futhi impi yangaphakathi yaqala. ULincoln waya eWashington ngasese phakathi nezinsongo zokubulala. Ezinyathelweni zeCapitol, wathatha isifungo wabe esenikeza inkulumo eyanxusa [" izingelosi ezingcono zemvelo yethu. Ukuzimisela Kwakhe ukulondoloza i-Ubumba phakathi kwesifungo sakhe. [FFF] [3] [FFF] [5] [FFF]] [fFF] [f]

UFranklin: Ukuqina Esimweni Esibucayi

Franklin D. Roosevelt wafunga kane, kuhlanganise no1933 njengoba ukuwohloka okukhulu komnotho kwathinta isizwe. Umugqa wakhe odumile ekhelini lokuqala `" okuwukuphela kwento okumelwe sesabe yona ukwesaba"] [ukuthi kwanikezwa ngokushesha ngemva kwesifungo. Ukuxubaniswa kwesivumelwano somthetho-mthetho kanye nesiqinisekiso sokuqinisekisa okungacacingi kwasiza ukubuyisela ukuqiniseka komphakathi. Ukusebenzisa kukaRosemsakazweni nakamuva kwefilimu kwaletha idili lesithembiso emakhaya aseMelika, okwenza ukuba libe okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlanga okuhlangene ngezomnotho. Ngenxa yesizwe esishaywe yizenzo ezilula zokubona umongameli ukusekela umthetho kuyisikhumbuzo esinamandla sokuzinza nokuqhubeka.

URonald Reagan: Ukubuyela Ethembeni

Ukuqala kukaRonald Reagan ukumiswa ngo 1981 kwenzeka ngemva kwenhlekelele yokuthunjwa nokudlondlobala kwezomnotho. Ngokukhetha ukuqhuba umkhosi eNtshonalanga yeCapitol já uqhekeka eMpuma Mpuma Front [1] Reagan ngokomfanekiso waguqula amehlo esizwe ngasentshonalanga, ngakwisikhathi esizayo sokukhula nokuvuselelwa. Isifungo sakhe, esasiqondiswa yiSikhulu sikaMahluleli uWarren Burger, salandelwa ngekheli elikhuluma " ngenkathi eMelika. Umkhosi wawungowesizwe esigadiswe kakhulu emlandweni, njengoba amaMelika ayelambile ngethemba avundwé. Ukugcizelela kweSigqi sokushisekela izwe nokuzimela komuntu ngamunye, ukugcizelela umqondo owenziwa ngabantu base-Facean.

I - barack Obama: Umlando Oqaphile Nethemba

Isifungo sokuqala sikaBarack Obama ngo- 2009 sadweba izibukeli ezilinganiselwa ku-1,8 eziyizigidi eziya kuNational Mall/isixuku esikhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni. Kubaningi, umongameli wakhe ngokwakhe wamelela isinyathelo esingokomlando esiqondene nobunye bezinhlanga. Nokho, ukwahlulela okuyinhloko kwakhubeka kakhulu ngamagama, futhi u-Obama kwadingeka ukuba aphinde asifake ngasese isifungo ngasese ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi umthetho uyasebenza. Lomzuzuzuzuku, nakuba ugcizelela ukubaluleka okungokomthetho kwamazwi aqondile esifungweni. Umthetho wesibili wesibili ka-Obama wahlanganisa ukugxila emalungelweni ongqingili kanye nesimo sezulu, kubonisa indlela umkhosi wesifungo ongabonisa ngayo ukuthi uyakwazi ngayo ukuveza izinto eziza kuqala zesizwe. Ukugcizelela kwakhe okuphinda futhi ku-o [FLD] [FL:]

UJoe Biden: Ukubuyisela Amasiko Ngemva Kwesiyaluyalu

Ukumiswa kukaJoe Biden kwathatha iminyaka engu-2021 ngaphansi kokulondeka okungavamile ngemva kokuhlasela kuka-January 6 Capitol. Ukuthunyelwa ngokuthula kwamandla, ngokuvamile okwakuthathwa kalula, kwakubonakala kubuthakathaka. Isifungo sikaBiden, esasiphethwe uMahluleli Omkhulu uJohn Roberts, sasiwukuqinisekiswa kabusha ngamabomu kwezimiso zentando yeningi. Ababukisi emhlabeni wonke babebukele njengoba umongameli omusha ebeka isandla sakhe phezu kweBhayibheli elalisemkhayeni wakhe isikhathi esingaphezu kwekhulu leminyaka. Imikhosi ``````izixuku'', kodwa isikhulu sempi sisalokhu sinomyalezo ocacile wokuthi uMthetho-sisekelo usengawuphethe. Inkulumo kaBiden igxile kakhulu ebunye, ucingo olusekela ucingo lukaLincoln' lwenjongo yakhe."[FLPFF:1] [FLD]

Imikhuba Ezungeze Isigodlo: Eqinisa Ubunye

Isifungo sikamongameli asikho sodwa. Sifakwe emikhosini eminingi ehlanganisa ithonya layo. I-Inaugtion Day ihlelwa ngokucophelela ukuze igcizelele ukuhleleka, ukuqhubeka, nokuziqhenya okukodwa kwesizwe.

Isigungu: Izinyathelo Zendlu Yamacapito

Kusukela ngo-1981, isifungo siye sanikezwa eWest Front of the U.S. Capitol, sinikeza umbono ogcwele weSizwe samaMall, iSikhungo seMenual, neSikhumbuzo seLincoln kude. Lokhu kubukeka kungokomfanekiso ngamabomu: umongameli omusha ubhekene netshe lesikhumbuzo labaholi besikhathi esidlule nendawo evulekileyo lapho abantu behlangana khona. Ukukhethwa kwendawo kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi umongameli usebenzela ngenjabulo yabantu nasethunzini lomlando. Isakhiwo iCapitol ngokwaso, njengesihlalo seSishayamthetho, simelela lonke igatsha lemithetho, sikhumbuza konke okuhlangene isikhulu senkonzo esihlangene nohulumeni ukuze sihambisane namanye amagatsha kahulumeni.

IBhayibheli Nezinto Ezingokomfanekiso

Omongameli abaningi bakhetha ukubeka isandla sabo phezu kweBhayibheli, cishe ifa lomkhaya noma elinye elinokubaluleka okungokomlando. UGeorge Washington wasebenzisa iBhayibheli elibolewe kuSikhungo sikaJohn No. 1. u-Abraham Lincoln wasebenzisa iBible yeNkantolo Ephakeme yeNkantolo. UBarack Obama wasebenzisa iColn Bible. UDonald Trump wasebenzisa amaBhayibheli amabili: elinye elanikezwa unina neBhayibheli likaLincoln. UJoe Biden wasebenzisa iBhayibheli elasemzini wakhe kusukela ngo-1893. Nakuba ukusetshenziswa kweBhayibheli kungadingenzeki, kuqinisa ukuhlonipheka kwesenzakalo. Kumongameli ofisa ukuqinisekisa ngaphandle kweBhayibheli (njenge-TheodoseRosevelt noJohn Squins Adams), lokhu kuvumelana nokuvumelana nomthetho. Lokhu kugcizelela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kweminye isilinganiso esingokomthetho, kuveza ukuphakama.

Ikheli Elivamile: Umbono Wobunye

Ngokushesha ngemva kokufunga, umongameli unikeza ikheli lokuvula. Lezinkulumo zivame ukusebenza njengobizo lobunye besizwe, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokhetho oluphikisanayo. Izibonelo ezidumile zihlanganisa i-Lincoln’s " izingelosi ezingcono", i-FDR'S " uvalo ngokwalo" [[[FLT:]" [[FLT]], JFK] [i], i-JFLT's [i]] ayikho iposi yethuba lokukhuluma ngelikhulu lesizwe, njengecebo elivamile, elingekho ngokomgomo wezwe lakho, [[[FLTTL:], ne-Reaverse. [ult:6] umbaluyalense.[FL:]

Indlala, Impunga Nemithandazo

Ngemva kwesifungo, lomongameli omusha uhlanganyela emkhosini wokudla kwasemini ophethwe yi-Joint Congress Committee on Inaugralial Ceremonies, elandelwa ukuqashelwa kwe-Plansylvania Avenue. Amaqembu empi, amaqembu omphakathi, nokuntanta kugubha lolushintsho. Lobu mbukiso luyisibonakaliso esibonakalayo sokuziqhenya komphakathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunikezelwa okuningi kuhlanganisa inkonzo yomthandazo oxubile, ngokuvamile eqhutshwa ekuseni ngomkhosi walemikhosi eSt. ISonto likaJohn linqamula ukusuka eWhite House. Lamaqembu enkolo, nakuba kungewona ingxenye yesifungo sobunye ubunye. Bakhumbuza abahlanganyeli ukuthi ukudluliswa kwamandla yinkonzo engokomthetho nengokomoya, okuthiwa yisenzakalo esijabulisayo esijabulisayo esijabulisayo eSt.

Izilaleli: Abantu BaseMelika

Isifungo siyinto eyenzekayo emphakathini, ngokuvamile efakazelwa amakhulu ezinkulungwane (uma kungezona izigidi) zezakhamuzi. Ngisho nango-2021, lapho umphakathi ungekho kakhulu ngenxa yemithetho evimbelayo ewumqedazwe nokukhathalela ukulondeka, isifungo sasakazwa kuyo yonke inxanxathela enkulu futhi sagcwala emhlabeni wonke. Izilaleli azinawo amandla; ukuba khona kwazo (noma ukubukwa) kuguqula umkhosi ube ukuvuselelwa kabusha. Abantu abavotela ukulahlekelwa yilowo mfundi ngokuvamile kusahambisana, bebonisa ukwamukela kwabo imiphumela yentando yentando yeningi. Imithombo yezenhlalakahle ihlanganisa le miphumela, ngokuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi izithombe, ukucaphuna, nokusabela. Ngaleyondlela isifungo siba isigqi sokuhlanganisa umkhuba wesiko, sigcizelela umqondo wokuthi u-Pélissagelon ungowabo bonke abantu baseMelika, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iqembu leqembu.

I - oath Ne - National Amodem: Ukubonakaliswa Kwemisebenzi YaseMelika

Isifungo sobumongameli siyisibuko esibonisa ukuthi uMelika. Sichaza izimiso ezisungulwayo zesizwe: ukubusa komthetho, umbuso wentando yeningi, inkululeko, nesinqumo sokuthula sengxabano yezombangazwe. Isifungo asisho incazelo ethile, inkolo, noma ubuzwe. Siyisiqinisekiso esingabonakali esisekelwe encwadini − uMthetho-sisekelo ("lodwa") oyisisekelo sempikiswano noshintsho. Lolu mbono luyisona esisenza isifungo esiphelele. Noma ubani ohlangabezana nezimfanelo zomthetho angaba umongameli futhi athathe isifungo esifanayo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uvela kuJohn F. Kennedy, umongameli wokuqala ongumKatolika, kuBackba, umongameli wokuqala waseMelika, isifungo esiwumnyango wesikhundla esiphakeme kakhulu sabaholi abahlukahlukene.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifungo siyisikhumbuzo sokuzimela kwesizwe. Siye sashiwo phakathi nempi nokuthula, ukucindezeleka nokuchuma, amahlazo nokunqoba. Ukuqhubekela phambili komkhosi kunikeza umuzwa wokuzinza ezikhathini zoshintsho. Imibhalo engokomlando emhlophe yase House [ iqaphele ukuthi umongameli ngamunye uye wathatha isifungo ngokungathi sína, ngokuvamile esebenzisa amagama nesikhathi. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlangene kuhlanganisa bonke amongameli (nesikhathi esingaphezulu) futhi kwandisa, bonke abantu base-America [[FLT]] bagcina ifa elivamile.

Isifungo Sokuthembisa Intando Yeningi

Emazweni amaningi, ukudluliswa kwamandla kuphawulwa ubudlova, ukugumbuqelwa, noma ukubuswa kwempoqo. I-United States ayiphelele neze, kodwa ukudluliswa ngokuthula kwegunya ngesifungo sesikhundla kuyisibonakaliso sokubusa kwayo ngentando yeningi. Ukhetho lwama 2020 nezinselele ezilandelayo zaqinisekiswayo zivivinywe ngokuthi inqubo, kodwa ukufungela kukaMongameli Biden ekugcineni kubonisa ukuthi isimiso esiphethwe yisikhumbuzo sansuku zonke kumongameli sokuthi igunya labo lisuka eMthethweni - sisekelo, hhayi ekusebenziseni noma ekusebenziseni amandla athandwayo. Kusebenza futhi njengokuhlola: noma yimuphi umongameli owephula isifungo angawumelelangamanga. Lomthetho uqinisekisa umqondo wokuthi akukho muntu ongaphezu komthetho.

Ubunye Ekuhlukaneni: Ukukhathalelana Kwesinkwa Okukhulayo

Njengoba isizwe sesihlukene kakhulu, kanjalo futhi nemikhosi. Kulokhu kunikezelwa, izimbongi, izimbongi, izingoma, nezikhulumi ezivela ezindeni ezihlukahlukene ziye zahlanganyela isigaba. Imikhosi yomculo ngokwayo ihlanganisa i-genres kusukela kusiClassic kuya evangelini le-hirtop. Lokhu kufakwa kwezilimi eziningi (njengeSipanishi emithandazweni ethile) kanye nenkolo (umSulumane, umHindu, umBuddha, njl.) iveza ubuningi bomphakathi waseMelika. Imikhosi yesifungo ngokwayo, nakuba ihlala ikhona embhalweni wayo wesiNgisi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa inguquko eMelika eqondeni u-ulbum, u-FLT] .[FLD 1] .[FLD1] I-flum, nj.

Izimpikiswano Nokugxeka: Inqaba Yokucwaningwa

Nakuba isifungo sihlonishwa kakhulu, asizange sigonywe ekuphikisaneni. Inkulumo ephindaphindwayo igxile emazwini " ngakho ngisize uNkulunkulu. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi sifiphaza umehluko phakathi kwesonto nombuso, ikakhulukazi uma amongameli besisebenzisa obala. Nokho, abasekeli baveza ukuthi singesona esikhethelwe futhi sishiwo ngabefundisi abaningi, sibonakalisa isiko elide. Inkantolo Ephakeme ayikaze ibuse emingceleni yayo engokomthetho, futhi izinkantolo eziphansi zisekela ukusetshenziswa kwayo njengemikhosi. Enye impikiswano impikiswano iphakama lapho amongameli bekhetha ukusebenzisa amaBhayibheli angokomlando noma angokomthetho wezombangazwe, njengoba uDonalden Lincoln eway 2017 egcizelela kakhulu. Abanye babheka lokhu njengokubonakaliswa kwefafa lika-Oban.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isifungo siye sagxekwa njengesingabopheki ngokwanele. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi akukho qoqo lamazwi elingaqinisekisa ukubulawa ngokwethembeka, ikakhulukazi uma amongameli kamuva bephule izithembiso zabo (isib. Nixon, Clinton). Nokho ukuba khona kwezimiso zokungavumelani kubonisa ukuthi isifungo sihloselwe ukugcinwa. Iqiniso lokuthi ukuphula umthetho kuholela ekubhujisweni kwemiphumela yezombangazwe ligcizelela ukungathi sína kwesifungo. Ngalendlela, isifungo asisona nje esingokomfanekiso; singumthwalo ongokomthetho nokuziphatha okunesilinganiso sangempela.

Isiphetho: Amandla Ahlala Njalo Omongameli

Isifungo somongameli sesikhundla siseyinhlangano ebalulekile eMelika ebusa ngentando yeningi. Ngaphezu kokuba inyathelo eliyikho, inkathi yobunye eqinisekisa izindinganiso eziyisisekelo zesizwe. Ibhulosha ukuhlukana ngokomlando, ihlanganisa izakhamuzi ezinqamule imigqa yezombangazwe, futhi inikeza i-ankile eqinile ezikhathini ezinezinxushunxushu. Amagama wona ngokwawo : zenza isivikelo, vikela uMthetho-sisekelo. /[1] Kulendawo ucingo oluthiwa wonke umongameli ukuba asebenze njengomphathi we-democralitial. Njengoba izwe liqhubeka lizivumelanisa, ngokungangabazeki lesifungo siyozivumelanisa, kodwa ingqikithi yaso ihlala iqinile: isiqinisekiso sokusekela ukubusa komthetho nokukhonza abantu. Iminyaka emine, amaMelika akhumbuza ukuthi akukho lutho oluphethe ihhovisi, uMthetho-Constitution. Futhi ekukhuthazeleni kuwukuthi ukuthula kusebunziwa kwesizwe.