Table of Contents

Iyini i-Electoral College? Isiqondiso esiphelele ukuya e-Melika i-Elctoral system yempikiswano enkulu yokukhetha

Njalo eminyakeni emine, amaMelika ahlanganyela emkhosini wentando yeningi odida abaningi futhi okhungathekisa abanye: ukuvotela umongameli nge- eCrectoral College kunokuba aqondise amavoti athandwayo. Lesi simiso esidala seminyaka engu- 235 siye sanikeza amongameli abahlanu abalahlekelwa yivoti ethandwayo, ukunaka okugxiliselwe ezindaweni ezimbalwa ezijikelezayo, futhi saqala impikiswano engapheli mayelana nokulunga kwedemo-demokhrasi. Nokho sisalokhu siyinqubo yomthetho yokukhetha isikhulu esiyinhloko saseMelika, icebo lokulungisa amasuntsla, kanye nenkambiso yezombangazwe.

Ukuqonda ukwenzeka kwe-Electoral College isebenza[ akuyona nje ikhambi lemfundo elibalulekile lokuqonda ukuthi kungani umkhankaso wamapulani ozakwabo ewenzayo, kungani amanye amavoti ebonakala ebaluleke kakhulu kunabanye, futhi kungani imizamo yokuguqula ihluleka ngokuphindaphindiwe naphezu kokusekela ushintsho komphakathi. Lesiqondiso esibanzi sihlola amakhekhenikha e-Electoral College, umlando, izinzuzo, izimo, nezimpikiswano eziqhubekayo ezenza kube cishe isikhungo sedemokhrasi esine kakhulu sezedemokrasi.

Iyini Ikholiji Le - Electoral?

Umsebenzi Womthetho - sisekelo

I-Electoral College iyindikimba yabakhethi 538] abakhetha ngokomthetho uMongameli noMongameli wase-United States. Kunokuba kube yintando yeningi eqondile lapho umvoti othatha imvume enqoba khona, iMelika isebenzisa lendikimba yabasunguli eyamiswa eSiphakami se-Constitution II, kamuva eshintshwa yi-Impomperation ye-12.

Lesimiso simelela ukuvumelana phakathi kwemibono emithathu encintisanayo eMhlanganweni WoMthetho - sisekelo:

  • Ukukhethwa yiSishaya - mthetho (ikhuthaza ukubusa kwesikhulu sombuso)
  • Ivoti ethandwayo eqondile (amazwe amancane ayesatshwa ayeyowanciphisa)
  • Ukukhethwa kwesishaya - mthetho sikahulumeni (ilungiselelo lombuso kodwa ulinganise ukubusa ngentando yeningi)

I-Electoral College yavela njenge-constitust evumelana nomthetho, ilinganisa ukufakwa kwentando yeningi namandla kahulumeni futhi yakha isikhawu phakathi kwezixuku nomongameli ("ilokho u-Alexander Hamilton akubiza ngokuthi isivikelo ekunqandeni "ukungalawuleki nokuphazamiseka""""

Indlela I - electoral Votes Ethonywa Ngayo

Umbuso ngamunye wamukela amavoti alingana nohlobo lwawo lwe-Congress oluphelele :

  • 2 amavoti abaHluleli bayo (Wonke amazwe anamabili)
  • Amanye amavoti alingana nabameleli bezindlu (izakhamuzi zakhona)
  • IWashington D.C. ithola amavoti amathathu ngeSichibiyelo sama - 23

Lendlela yenza umehluko othakazelisayo. ICalifornia, isifunda esinabantu abaningi kakhulu, inamavoti angu-552 abameleli + 2 Abameleli) kubantu abayizigidi ezingu-39 (ngo-199 000 kubantu abahlala e-Eltator College. i-Wyoming inezivoti ezintathu ezivotelwe abantu abangu-580 000 ku-193 000. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-Wyoming ivoti isho ukuthi i-[3.7 ngokuphindwe ka-7 i-Elctoral College ithonya izakhamuzi[ ku-Foctr.

Inani Lomlingo: 270

With 538 total electoral votes, a candidate needs an absolute majority of 270 to win the presidency. This isn't just a plurality—finishing first isn't enough. You need more than half, which becomes crucial in close elections or when third-party candidates win electoral votes.

Uma kungekho mjovo ofinyelela ku-270 (ongazange wenzeke kusukela ngo-1824), ukhetho luya eNdlu yabameleli, lapho abameleli bombuso ngamunye bethola khona ivoti eyodwa kungakhathaliseki ubukhulu", benikeza uWyom amandla alinganayo eCalifornia ekukhetheni umongameli.

Indlela I - Electoral College Esebenza Ngayo: Inqubo Ephelele

Isinyathelo Sokuqala: Ukukhethwa Ngo - November

Lapho amaMelika evota umongameli, empeleni avota ibhodi yabavoti [ athembisa umvoti wabo. Laba bavoti bavamile:

  • Abashisekeli beqembu nabashisekeli
  • Izikhulu zikahulumeni ezikhethiwe
  • Abaholi beqembu likahulumeni
  • Abantu abasondelene nothile ozohlolwa

Abavoti abaningi abazi ukuthi obani laba bavoti---(-amagama abo awavamile ukuvela kumavoti. Kunalokho, amavoloti abonisa amagama abavoti abazakuba abaholi, beqonda ukuthi ukuvota kusho ukuvota abavoti babo.

Isinyathelo 2: Umbuso Ngesimo Sokuzimisela

u-48 uhlanganisa D.C. sebenzisa-izimiso zokunqoba [ lapho umbhexeshi ethola amavoti amaningi (ngisho noma ayiningi) awina wonke amavoti kahulumeni. Amazwe amabili kuphela ahlukene:

Ama-Maine ne-Nebraska usebenzisa indlela yesifunda ye-

  • 2 amavoti akhethiwe kulowo onqobile embusweni kahulumeni
  • Amavoti asele anikezwa isifunda sesifunda sesifunda senhlangano
  • Lokhu kungahlukanisa amavoti kahulumeni (njengoba kwenzeka eMaine ngo 2016 nango-2020, eNebraska ngo- 2008 nango-2020)

Isimiso sokunqoba esithatha yonke imigomo eklanywe ngendlela ephawulekayo. Ukunqoba iCalifornia 0,1% kuya ku- 49.9% uveza amavoti angu-55 afanayo nangu-54 athola u-70% kuya ku-30%. Lokhu kukhuthaza abazozuza ukugxila ezifundazweni ezincintisanayo kuyilapho bengayinaki i-"svice" izifundazwe.

Isinyathelo 3: Umhlangano We - Electoral College Ka - December

NgoLwesibili lokuqala ngemva koLwesithathu lwesibili ngoDecember, abavoti bahlangana enhloko - dolobha yezwe labo ukuze bavote amavoti angokomthetho. Lona akuwona umbuthano wesizwe (8) awukho "Electoral College" umhlangano. Kunalokho, imihlangano engu-51 ihlangana ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Abakhi bafaka amavoloti ahlukene kaMongameli noMongameli ongumsizi. Izifundazwe eziningi zibopha abavoti ngokomthetho ukuba bavote abathembisiswe ukubhalisa abazothatha isithembiso ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene:

  • [ imithetho yezwe[ idinga ukwethembeka (izifundazwe ezingu33 kanye no-D.C.)
  • [[[Umthetho:0] Imithetho yokuvota okungenalukholo ihlanganisa nenkokhelo engafinyelela ku-R1,000]
  • [ umphako othathe indawo [ uvumela amaqembu ukuba athathe indawo yabakhethi abangenalukholo
  • [[Umthetho:0] Iqophelo elifunekayo phambi kokufakwa isimungwane

Isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme yo-2020 [ku- Chiafalo v. Washington yasekela amalungelo ezwe okuphoqelela izifungo zokuvota, iqeda ngokuphumelelayo isehlakalo esidala esikhona kakade sabavoti abangenalukholo esishintsha imiphumela.

Isinyathelo 4: Ukubalwa Kwemikhandlu Nokuqinisekiswa Kwamakhomishana

Ngo - January 6, i - Joint Study of Congress ikhipha amavoti akhethiwe, isekela likaMongameli liqondisa — ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka limemezele ukunqotshwa kwalo, njengoba u - Al Gore enza ngo - 2001 noMike Pence ngo - 2021.

Lenqubo ngokuvamile ihamba kahle, kodwa iElectoral Count Act ka - 1887 (eyatholakala ngo - 2022) inikeza izinqubo zokuphikisa:

  • Imfucumfucu idinga ukusekelwa okungenani ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu zawo womabili amagumbi
  • Izimpikiswano zasegumbini ngalinye zihlukene amahora angaba mabili
  • Bobabili kumelwe bavote ukuze basekele ukuphikisa ukwenqaba amavoti akhethiwe

Ukuhlasela kweCapitol ngoJanuary 6, 2021 phakathi nalenqubo evamile yalenqubo yasendulo kwaqokomisa ukuchayeka kwalesi simiso ezinkingeni zokholo olubi.

Isinyathelo 5: Ukuvuthwa

Umnqobi uba sehhovisi emini ngo - January 20, aqede lenqubo ende eyaqala ngemikhankaso eyinhloko eminyakeni emibili ngaphambili.

Amaprotheni: Izimpikiswano Zokugcina I - Electoral College

Ukuvikela Ithonya Elincane Lombuso

Abasekeli beKoliji abakhokhele ukuvolontiya baphikisa lesimiso sivimbela imikhankaso kamongameli ukuba igxile kuphela ezikhungweni ezinkulu zomphakathi. Ngaphandle kwayo, abazothatha inxaxheba bangakhankasela kuphela ezindaweni ezinkulu zedolobha elikhulu, banganaki izinto ezikhathaza asemaphandleni namazwe amancane.

Isimiso samanje sifuna ukwakha imifelandawonye ehlukene ngokwemvelaphi. Ukuwina kudinga ukukhanga abalimi e-Iowa, izisebenzi zasefektri eMichigan, abaholi eFlorida, nezisebenzi zobuchwepheshe eNyakatho Carolina. Lokhu kusakazwa kwendawo kufaka umongameli ekucabangeleni izithakazelo zesifunda ezihlukahlukene.

Izifunda ezincane zithola ukunakwa okukhulu ngokuphathelene nenani lazo. Amavoti amane ka-Hampshire ka-New Hampshire akumelwe abe nandaba, kodwa isimo sazo sokujikeleza kwezwe sikwenza kube yindaba enkulu yomkhankaso. Ngaphansi kwevoti ethandwayo, abavoti abathathi-nxaxheba abanyundelayo bangase bawashaye isodwa ngokuphelele ama-New Hampshirites ayizigidi ezingu-1.4.

Izincwadi Eziningi Ezikhuthazayo

Kubikwa ukuthi i-Electoral College ikhuthaza abazofunda ngokulinganisela abangakhanga ezindaweni eziningi. Ukuwina amavoti angu-270 ngokuvamile kudinga ukuwina inhlanganisela yezindawo zaseNyakatho - mpumalanga ezikhululekile, izifundazwe ezinamatheko aqinile, kanye nezifundazwe ezisesilinganisweni. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi kudonsa abazokuya enkabeni.

Lesimiso sikhuthaza futhi abazohlanganisa ukuba bakhe imifelandawonye enqamule imikhawulo yamanani abantu. IRepublican kumelwe iwine abantu abasesilinganisweni emaphethelweni; iDemocrat idinga abantu basemaphandleni abadla imingcele engokwesiko. Lokhu kwakha ingxube enziwa ngobunye kuveza amongameli ngemiyalo ebanzi kunaleyo yokuvota okuthandwayo okungavela.

Ukunikeza Imiphumela Ewujuqu

I-Electoral College ngokuvamile idlula imikhawulo yamavoti athandwayo, inikeza iziyalo ezicacile futhi igweme ukulandisa ngengxabano ezweni lonke. Ngo-1960, uKennedy wawina ukuvota okuthandwayo ngo-0.17% kodwa wathola ukunqoba okunethezekile okungu-303-219. Lomphumela wokuvota unganikeza ukuzinzisa nokulunga.

Isimiso futhi ama-concintain alandisa kumazwe ngamanye kunokufuna ama-speed ezweni lonke. I-proority i-profile yayibhidliza ngokwanele; cabanga ukuthi isiyaluyalu kuzo zonke izifunda-mazwe ezingu-50. I-Electoral College ibamba izingxabano, ivimbela amavoti ambalwa ase California ekusunguleni ukulandisa kwezwe lonke.

Isimiso sokuzimela

I-Electoral College ihlanganisa izimiso zomthetho-mthetho esisekelweni somthetho-mthetho-sisekelo waseMelika. Ama- States asebenzisa ukhetho lwawo, azibekela imithetho yawo (imithetho engokomthetho-sisekelo), futhi alondoloze ukubaluleka kwawo njengezimiso zezombangazwe kunokuba agcine izigaba zokuphatha.

Lendlela kahulumeni ivumela ukuhlolwa kwendlela yesifunda se-Maine ne-Nebraska, ukuhlola kokuvota okunezikhundla eziphambili, nemithetho yokuvota yokuqala ehlukene. Ukuvota okuthandwayo kwesizwe kungadinga ukuhlelwa kwezimiso zokukhetha, kuncishiswe inkululeko kahulumeni.

Ukulondoloza Ukuqina Kwezigaba Ezimbili

Imfuneko ye-Electoral College nento enqobayo engokwemvelo [[FLT: 0] iphoqelela isimiso esinezigaba ezimbili. Amaqembu esithathu awavamile ukuwina amavoti evoti, akhuthaza amaqembu amakhulu ahlangeneyo kunamaqembu amaningi esigaba saseYurophu afuna ohulumeni abahlangeneyo abayinkimbinkimbi.

Nakuba lokhu kunquma kulinganiselwe, lokhu kuthula kusho ukuthi iMelika igwema ukumiswa kukahulumeni ohlupha ezinye imibuso ebusa ngentando yeningi.

Impikiswano: Izimpikiswano Ezimelene Nekholiji Le - Electoral

Ukubusa Ngentando Yeningi

Ukugxeka okuyisisekelo kulula: umvoti onamavoti ambalwa angawina. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1876, 188, ngo-88, ngo-2016, kanye noMongameli Hayes, uHarrison, uBush, noTrump, bethatha ihhovisi naphezu kokulahlekelwa yivoti ethandwayo. Ngo-2016, u-Hillary Clinton wathola amavoti acishe abe yizigidi ezintathu kuno-Donald Trump kodwa walahlekelwa ngu-27-304 kumavoti akhethiwe.

Lokhu kwephula isimiso sentando yeningi esiyisisekelo − sokubusa kweningi. Akukho enye idemokrati evumela umfezi wesibili ukuba anqobe. Ohulumeni, abasizi, amameya konke kudinga ukunqoba okubanzi; kuphela umongameli uvumela ukuhluleka kwevoti ethandwayo ukuba kunqotshwe.

Abagxeki baphikisa lokhu ukuthi kululaza ukufaneleka . Abaholi bangasho kanjani ukuthi izimvume uma abavoti abaningi bethanda omunye? Lokhu kushiyeka komthetho kungalulaza amongameli emakhaya nasemhlabeni wonke.

Ukudangala Kwezinto Eziphilayo

Isimiso esinqobayo sisho imiqulu yamavoti ayikhathazi ngokuphumelelayo[. URiphabliki eCalifornia noma uDemocrat e-Alabama uyazi ukuthi ukuvota kwabo komongameli ngeke kuthinte umphumela. Lokhu kudala izinkinga eziningana:

I-Foct ecindezelekile: Kungani kuvota uma imiphumela inqunywa kusengaphambili? Izifunda ezilondekile zibona i-panecket ephansi, zinciphisa ukuhlanganyela kwentando yeningi. Ngo-2020, ngokuncintisana uWisconsin wabona i-parcout 75% ngokuqhathaniswa no-66% ku-New York engahlangani.

Amazwi angabanjwanga: Abavoti beTrump abayizigidi ezingu-4,5 eCalifornia kanye nabavoti beBiden abayizigidi ezingu-3,8 eTexas babengenandaba ngokuphumelelayo ekukhetheni umongameli. amavoti abo anyamalala ekwabiweni okuwina.

Amanani angenakulingana[[FLT:]: i-geneography inquma ukubaluleka kokuvota. Uvoti waseFlorida ubaluleke kakhulu; umvoti waseHawaii ubhalisa ngokungenangqondo. Lo mdlalo wezwe uphula isimiso sokulingana kwevoti.

Ukuhlanekezelwa Kwezwe

I-Electoral College igxilisa ukunakekela komkhankaso ogcwele amazwe ancintisanayo[. Ngo-2020, 96% wezenzakalo zomkhankaso zenzeka ezifundazweni ezingu-12 nje. Ababezowufaka baba nezenzakalo zomkhankaso ezingaphele ezizweni ezingu-33 ngemva kwemihlangano.

Lokhu kubangela izisusa eziphambene zezimiso:

  • [[ART:0] Inani labantu asebekhulile liqhubela phambili inqubo ye-Medicare
  • Izithakazelo ze- ukuchitha i-packing zithonya isimiso samandla
  • Inkambiso yokulungisa imishini yokuhwebelana
  • [[IFL:0] Abalimi be-Iowa[ banquma imali yokuxhasa ukulima

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, imboni yobuchwepheshe yase California, ingxenye yamandla eTexas, nemboni yezezimali yaseNew York (ibaluleke kakhulu ngokwezomnotho) ithola ukunakekela okuncane kakhulu komongameli ngoba amazwe abo awancintisani.

Uhulumeni Oncane Ungaba Khona

I-Electoral College ivumela isimiso somthetho omncane [ ngezindlela eziningi:

I-Senate Bias: Njengoba umbuso ngamunye uthola izigebengu ezimbili kungakhathaliseki inani labantu, izifundazwe ezincane zimelelwa ngokweqile. Izifundazwe ezincanyana ezingu 20 zinabameleli abangu-40 abamele abantu abayizigidi eziyi 35; izigidi ezingu-40 zaseCalifornia zinezimemo ezimbili kuphela. Lokhu kuthathelwa phambili kumavoti amavoti.

Imiphumela e-Gerrymaning[: Ezizweni ukusebenzisa izindlela zesifunda (noma uma zithandwa kakhulu), izigodi eziphethe i-collegion zinganquma amavoti akhethiweyo, kuvumele amaqembu amancane awine.

Imibono e-: Uma kukhethwa eNdlu, umbuso ngamunye uthola ivoti eyodwa. Izifunda ezincanyana ezingu-26 ezimelela 17% zomphakathi zingakhetha umongameli.

Ukuvimbela Imikhosi Yesithathu Nokubuyiselwa

I-Electoral College enqobayo-indawo yonke nemfuneko enkulu ivimbela ngokunenzuzo izigaba zesithathu emncintiswaneni. Ingxenye yesithathu ewina 20% ezweni kodwa engawini nanoma yimuphi uhulumeni ithola amavoti angonokhetho. Lokhu kwenzeka kuRoss Perot ngo 1992/19% wamavoti, amavoti akhethwe yizifekthi.

Lokhu kuvimbela ukunqunywa kwemingcele futhi kuvimbela imibono emisha ekungeneni kwezombangazwe ezivamile. Kubangela futhi ukuba amaqembu amabili ayinhloko angazinaki izikhundla ezithandwayo, ukwazi abavoti abanakuya kwenye indawo.

Izimpikiswano Ezinkulu Nezimo Ezibucayi Ezingokomlando

Inhlekelele Ye - Hayes - Tilden Ka - 1876

I- ukhetho [[FLT: 1] 76] lwacishe lwaphula umbuso wentando yeningi waseMelika. UDemocrat Samuel Tilden wawina ivoti ethandwayo ngo-3% futhi wahola 18465 kumavoti akhethwe ngokhetho, okuncane kakhulu kokunqoba. Amavoti angamashumi amabili aphikisanayo avela eFlorida, eLouisiana, eNingizimu Carolina, nase-Oregon adala inhlekelele.

ISishaya - mthetho sasungula i - Electoral Commission ekhethekile eyanikeza wonke amavoti angu - 20 kuRepublican Rutherford Hayes ezinhlwini zeqembu. AbaseDemocrates bawuvuma lomphumela ngemva kokuba abaseRepublic sebevumile ukuqeda ukwakhiwa kabusha, bashiya amaMelika ase-Afrika aye ekucindezelweni uJim Crow. I - Ellectoral College yathengisa ngokwayo amalungelo omphakathi ukuze kutholakale ukuthula kwezombangazwe.

IDebacle ka - 2000 Engabuthi

ukhetho lwafika kumavoti angu 25 akhethiweyo eFlorida. Ngemva kwenyanga yokulandisa, ukumangalela, noku "susa ichad" izimpikiswano, isinqumo seNkantolo Ephakeme Bhush v. Gore uyeka ukuvota, unikeza u-Bush i-dese-device kanye ne-decium yaseFlorida naphezu kokulahlekelwa yi-54 esizwe ngamavota angu-544 000.

Lokhu kwadalula ukuchayeka kwe-Electoral College ku:

  • Ukusebenzisa isiteshi esiphansi ngokuhlela umqulu nokuhlela i-colot
  • Ukungenela kwe-judicial[ kuvumela izinkantolo ukuba zinqume amongameli
  • Izinsuku ezithatha isikhathi [ ebeka kuqala ukugcina ngaphandle kokunemba

Ngemva kwalokho kwaba nezinguquko eziningi okhethweni kodwa kwashiya isakhiwo esiyisisekelo se - Electoral College singashintshile.

Unyaka ka - 2016 iTrump-Clinton Shock

2016] wabonisa [ i-Electoral College's yanamuhla engasebenzi kahle. Clinton wawina ngamavoti ayizigidi ezingu 2.87] i-vvote enkulu kakhulu kulowo olahlekile. U-Trump's u-77,7444-okanye uhlangene eMichigan, uWisconsin, no-Pennsylvania wahambisa i-decion.

Lokhu kwakungesona isici esikhahlazayo kodwa ubandlululo olusobala lokwakha . AbaseDemocrates bagxila kakhulu emadolobheni, "ukuvota" ekuwiniseni kwezwe. AmaRepublican asakazeke kahle ezindaweni zasemaphandleni nasezindaweni ezisemaphandleni, afaka i-Electoral College amandla aphezulu. Lokhu kuhlelwa kwendawo kusho ukuthi uDemocrates udinga amavoti amakhulu kakhulu ukuze azuze amavoti athandwayo e-Electal College.

Izinselele Ezingu - 2020 No - January 6

Ukhetho 2020 [ lwembula ezintsha i-Electoral College vulneribitation. Naphezu kwemikhawulo yevoti yeBhiden's eyizigidi ezingu-7 nemizuzu engu-306-32 yokunqoba kokhetho, izinselele zeTrump zicishe ziphumelele:

  • Amacebo okuvota ahlukene lapho amaRepublic kumazwe ayisikhombisa ithole khona izitifiketi ze-vota ze-Biden ezingenisiwe zamanga
  • Ukucindezela ezikhulwini zikahulumeni uku "fumana" amavoti noma ulahle ukugunyazwa kwemvume
  • Imizamo yokwenqaba ukwenqaba i-Curegion [ phakathi nokulinganisa 6
  • Ukucindezela komongameli weVelcial ukwenqaba amavoti kakhetho ngaphandle kokukhetha

Ukuhlasela kukaCapitol ngoJanuary 6 kwakuhloselwe ukuphazamisa ukubala kwevota, kudalula indlela izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze - Electoral College ezidala ngayo amathuba okugumbuqela abantu abebengeke babe khona ngaphansi kwevoti ethandwayo.

Izikhangiso Zenguquko Nezindlela Ezihlukile

Ukusakaza Ikholiji Lase - Electoral

Inguquko eqondile kakhulu −[ inguquko yevoti ethandwayo ] [1] ibhekene nezithiyo ezicishe zinganqotshwa:

Isivumelwano sezimfuneko[: Amasithathu amabili akho kokubili Indlu neSigele, khona-ke ama-stuves-sine esishaya umthetho kahulumeni kumelwe avume. Izizwe ezincane ezizuza esimisweni samanje zingavimbela inguquko.

Iqiniso elingokwenyani: 33 izifunda-zwe zinamavoti angaphansi kwe 11 akhethiweyo futhi zizuza ekudluliseleni ngokweqile. Ukuthola amazwe angu 38 ukunciphisa amandla azo kubonakala kungenakwenzeka.

Umbono womphakathi uya ngokuya ukuvumela ukuqedwa kwento ethile, kodwa u - 60 - 65% ubonisa ukusekela ukuvota okuthandwayo (hhayi -) kodwa ukwakheka komthetho - sisekelo kuvimbela abaningi ukuba banqobe.

I-National Popular Vote Interstate Compact [NPVIC] inikeza isiphetho sokuncitshiswa komthetho- sisekelo. Amazwe athembisa amavoti awo kuvoti abathandwayo besizwe esithola ivoti uma nje ihlangene namavoti angu-270 akhethayo.

C Isimo samanje[: iziphakamiso 17 kanye no-D.C. zixhumene, zihlangene namavoti angu-209 akhethiweyo (77% endlela yokusebenza. Nokho, zonke zingamazwe e-Democratic-leaning. Akukho zindawo zeRepublican zihlangene, zibambe intuthuko.

Imibuzo yezentengiselwano: Abagxeki baphikisa iSivumelwano sika-Claus odinge ukuvunyelwa kwesivumelwano sombuso wesifunda. Abaxhasi babala kuphela amandla akhona okuhlela abavoti.

Imicimbi ezenzekelayo[: Kwenzekani uma amazwe ehoxa ngemva kokulahlekelwa? Ungalandisa kanjani umsebenzi? Imikhankaso ingashintsha kakhulu amasu?

IAllatas yesigodi esekelwe

Ukunweba isifanekiso seMaine ne-Nebraska ezweni lonke u-avoti okhethwe yisifunda se-countal kanye nezimbili zabawini bezwe lonke.

[[Umthetho:0] Ama-adwoli[[Umthetho:1]:

  • yenza izici ezengeziwe zincintisane
  • Kungcono ukubonisa ukuhlukahluka kwesimo
  • Ulondoloza isimiso sikahulumeni

[[Umthetho:0] Ama-Distadlavies[[Umthetho 1]:

  • Ukuphatha kunganquma amanxusa
  • Ihlulekile ukuveza iziqephu-zivote ezithandwa kakhulu/izigaxa-ziqikili
  • Kwandisa ukuyinkimbinkimbi nokusetshenziswa kwamathuba

Ukuhlolwa kusikisela ukuthi uRomney wayeyowina ngo-2012 ngaphansi kwalesi simiso naphezu kwemingcele yamavoti ka-Obama ayizigidi eziyisihlanu, ebonisa ukuthi ukuvota kungakungenisa kanjani ukubusa kwedlanzana.

Ukuthuthwa Kwezindawo Ezikhethekile

Amazwe angathola amavoti akhethiweyo ngokwesilinganiso kumaphesenti okuvota. Ukunqoba 60% wePennsylvania kungakhipha amavoti angu-12 kuma-20.

[[UMTH:0] IBenefit[[FL:1]:

  • Wonke amavoti abalulekile kuyo yonke indawo
  • Amaqembu esithathu ayenganqoba amavoti akhethwe
  • Ukunciphisa ukubusa kwesifundazwe

[[Umthetho:0] Iprojekthi[[Umthetho:1]:

  • Akekho ongase afinyelele ku - 270, akhiphele okhethweni eNdlini
  • Kudingeka ukuba izingane zokutholwa zihlangane ukuze kugwenywe ukuhlukanisa abazakwabo bokuqala
  • Amavoti ahlukene adala ubunkimbinkimbi

Indlela Eyindawo Yesifunda Ehlangene Nesifunda

Indlela exubile ingehluka kuleyo yamanje yesigodi esinguvoti eyodwa ekhethekile kanye namavoti abhocotelayo ezindawo eziwinayo. Lokhu kuhlukile kulokhu ngokususa amavoti akhethwe nguhulumeni wonke.

Lokhu kungadala izigodi ezincintisanayo ezingu-435 kanye nezisusa ezifinyele imikhankaso kazwelonke. Nokho, kungandisa kakhulu ukubaluleka kwe-gerrymandering futhi kungaveza imiphumela eguquguqukayo.

Isizathu Sokuba I - Electoral College Iqhubeke Naphezu Kokugxekwa

Isakhiwo Esinemibhoshongo

I - Electoral College isaphila ngenxa yokuthi labo abanamandla okuyishintsha bayazuza kuyo:

State Face Senators: Iziphathi ezivela ezizweni ezifinyelelwe azisoze zanciphisa ithonya lazo. Abaququli be-Wyoming ngeke bavote ukwenza iWyoming ingasebenzi kwezombangazwe zomongameli.

[ Izinzuzo ezihambisana nezwe: Izifunda ezihlangene zithola imali enkulu kakhulu kahulumeni, usizo lwenhlekelele, nokunaka kwesimiso. Kungani zinikezela leli thuluzi?

Party Clarements: amaRepublicans azuza manje ekuthathekeni kwe-Electoral College. Kungani engaqeda inzuzo?

Ingozi Yokuhunyushwa

Ngisho nabagxeki base - Elctoral College besaba imiphumela engalindelekile:

Imali ekhampayijampaign: Ingabe ukhetho oluthandwayo lungabiza kakhulu? Izigidi zezigidi zingaba nethonya elingaphezulu?

Recoute Chaos: Ingabe zonke iziqhano zokukhetha eziseduze zingachaza izinyanga ezihlala njalo ezweni lonke?

Urban Dominicing: Izindawo zasemaphandleni zingashaywa indiva ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwevoti ethandwayo?

UbuXhoba: Ikhomba eliqondisa idemokhrasi lingasiza yini idemokhrasi ukuba izikhulu ezikhombayo zizuze ngobubanzi obunamandla?

Lokhu kwesaba okunengqondo, okunye okunehaba — ukuveza isimo esingokwemvelo sobandlululo.

Inhlonipho Yomthetho - sisekelo

AmaMelika amaningi abheka uMthetho-sisekelo njengongcwele, enza izinguquko zokwakha zizizwe njengezezentengiselwano. I-Electoral College, naphezu kwamaphutha ayo, ithwala ukungezwani kwabasunguli. Ukuwushiya kuzwakala njengokulahla umehluko waseMelika ngokwawo.

Lobubufandamentali bomthetho-sisekelo buvimbela ukuhlola okungokomthetho-sisekelo. Abasunguli ngokwabo babelindele ukushintshwa okuvamile komthetho-sisekelo, okungasishaqisayo ukuthi sinezinguquko ezingu-27 kuphela eminyakeni engu- 235.

Ikusasa Lekholiji Lase - Electoral

Ukushintsha kwenani labantu kungase kuvuselele i - Electoral College ngokwemvelo:

USun Belt Growth: iTexas, Florida, Arizona, neGeorgia zithola amavoti akhethiweyo futhi zibe nokuncintisana. Lokhu kungaqeda inzuzo ye-Electoral College yamanje yeRepublicans.

U-Rust Belt Decline[[FL:1]: iMichigan, iPennsylvania, neWisconsin alahlekelwa ithonya elilinganiselwe, okunganciphisa ukubaluleka kwazo.

[ Ukwanda kwe-Urban: Ukukhula kwezindawo zemetro ezisezindaweni ezibomvu ngaphambili (i-Atlanta, i-Phoenix, Houston) izifundazwe ze-Democrat azikwazanga ukudlula amashumi eminyaka.

Lokhu kushintshana kungase kwenze iElectoral College ibe ummeleli owengeziwe − noma ubandlululo olusha esingakalubikezeli.

Ithonya lobuchwepheshe

Ubuchwepheshe bungathinta iElectoral College budlule:

[ Ukuveza iMicro-Target: Imininingwane emikhulu ivumela ukuhlasela kovoti okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambili, okungenza izifunda ezingaphezulu zincintisane ngemikhankaso yokuhlinza.

I-earfakes kanye ne-Disform: I-Electoral College's simo sombuso-isimo sakha izindawo ezingu-51 zokuhlasela ekusebenziseni ukhetho.

Online Organing: amathuluzi ezibalo angasiza abantu besithathu ukuba bancintisane ngokuphumelelayo namavoti akhethiwe.

Isigodo sokukhipha i-octive: Ukuvota okulondekile okungokonombolo kungandisa ukuncintisana kwezwe okungashintsha.

Ukufaneleka Kwezombangazwe

Ezombangazwe zaseMelika zibhekene nokuzinza okungase kuphithizele amaKholiji anamandla ase - Electoral:

Ukuguqula i-Polation: Uma abavoti abafundele emakolishi beqhubeka bethambekele eDemocratic kuyilapho bengavoti abangewona amakholiji be-Riphabliki, amazwe angaphambili angase aphephe uma amazwe alondekile ebanga ukuncintisana.

Racial Depolazation: Ukushintshwa kwabavoti bamaSpanishi ngokufanele kungenza izifundazwe zaseNingizimuntshonanga zincintisane kuyilapho amazwe aseNingizimu nenani elikhulu labamnyama ahlala ephephile.

Ukuhlela i-Geographic: Ukuqhubeka kwedolobha/ukwehla kwezindawo kungadala izindawo ezikhuphukayo zomhlaba kanye nezifunda ezimbalwa, amandla okugxilisa amandla ngenani elihlala lilincane lezindawo.

Isiphetho: Ukuhlehla kombuso wentando yeningi

I- I-Electoral College ifana cishe ne-actronoism e-democracy `isimiso sokulawula ngentando yeningi' yaseMelika'iklanyelwe inkathi ehlukile, ixazulule izinkinga ezingasatholakali lapho abasunguli besungula bengazicabangi. Iguqula ukukhetha komongameli emincintiswaneni yesizwe kube izimpi zesifundazwe ngesifundazwe, iphakamisela ukuma kwezwe phezu kwedemokhrasi, futhi ivumela imiphumela ephikisana nentando yeningi.

Kodwa iyaqhubeka, ifakwe ngokujulile ehlelweni lomthetho-sisekelo waseMelika kangangokuba kubonakala kungenakwenzeka. Sona kanye isimo esincane siyasilahla `isimo esingaphezu kwamandla, esithatha zonke iziphetho, ukukhetha ngokungaqondile", sinezikhundla ezisizayo futhi ezizozivikela ngonya. IElectoral College ngokwayo iye yaba njengedemokrasi: isimiso esibi kakhulu ngaphandle kwabo bonke abanye esisaba ukuzama.

Ukuqonda iElectoral College kusho ukubhekana nemibuzo eyisisekelo ngentando yeningi yaseMelika. Ingabe yonke imivoti kufanele ibe nenani elifanayo, noma ingaba sendaweni ehlukile? Ingabe uhulumeni ufanelwe ukulondolozwa ngisho nalapho uphikisana nomthetho womphakathi? Idemokrasi ingasinda uma abaholi bayo bengenazo izimvume ezithandwayo?

Lena akuyona imibuzo yemfundo nje. Njengoba i-Melika ibhekene nokukhuphuka kwenani labantu, ukuguqulwa kwenani labantu, nokuphambuka kwentando yeningi embulungeni yonke, i-Electoral College inquma ukuthi ubani nje oba ngumongameli kodwa ukuthi umphakathi uyakwamukela lowomongameli njengegunya elingokomthetho. Isimiso esiveza ngokuphindaphindiwe izingozi zokulahlekelwa yivoti ethandwayo silulaza ukholo kuhulumeni wentando yeningi ngokwawo.

Impikiswano ye- ye-Electoral College [ ngeke inyamalale ngoba iveza ukucindezeleka okukhulu emphakathini waseMelika (phakathi kwamadolobha nasemaphandleni, okungafaniyo nokuhlangene, imibono ye-ofescial ne-socialist yentando yeningi). Kuze kube i-Melika ixazulule lezingxabano eziyisisekelo, i-Electoral College izosala: igxekwa kakhulu, ishintshwa yiyo, ingekho, inquma amongameli ngenqubo yekhulu le-18 ezama ukubusa isizwe sama-21.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-Electoral College ekugcineni iqinisa noma inciphisa ukubusa ngentando yeningi kwaseMelika kuxhomeke ekutheni amaMelika angakuguqula yini ukuze abonise izindinganiso zentando yeningi zamanje kuyilapho elondoloza izimiso ezizuzisayo zikahulumeni. Lengxoxo idinga ukuqaphela ngobuqotho izinzuzo zangempela zesimiso kanye nokushiyeka kwaso okungathi sina kwentando yeningi. Izakhamuzi zingazenza izinqumo ezicatshangelwe kahle ngokuthi lesi sikhungo esikhethekile siyakufanelekela yini ukulondolozwa, ukuguqulwa, noma ukuqedwa.

I-Electoral College ayisona nje isici esingavamile sentando yeningi yaseMelika − − `isibuko' esibonisa ukungezwani kwethu okukhulu kakhulu ngalokho okufanele kube yikho ngombuso wentando yeningi. Umbuzo awuthi uphelele yini; ukuthi singawenza yini kangcono. Leso mpendulo asizukuhlela kuphela ukukhetha kwesikhathi esizayo kodwa i-democracy ngokwayo.

Imithombo Yengcebo Eyengeziwe

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