Table of Contents

Kuwo wonke u-2024, izishaya-mthetho zase-United States zahlanganyela ezimpikiswaneni ezinkulu nasezingxoxweni ezinamandla zezinguquko ezibanzi zesimiso somngcele ezazizoguqula indlela isizwe esisebenza ngayo ukufuduka, ukuthunyelwa kwezindawo zokukhosela, nokulondeka komngcele. Lezi zihlongozo zavela ngokulandelana komngcele ogciniwe wokufuduka e-U.S.-Mexico, imithombo kahulumeni entengantengayo, kanye nokuhlukana okujulile kwezombangazwe ekugcineni okwakuyonquma isiphetho salokho abanye abakubiza ngokuthi umthetho obaluleke kakhulu wokufuduka emashumini eminyaka.

Ukubukeka Kwemithetho: Izincwadi Ezinkulu Nezimemezelo

Iqembu le-bipartisan le-U.S. lisungule i-Emergency National Security Approprias Act, 2024 ngo-February 4, 2024. Leli qoqo lemithetho lihlanganisa izinguquko ezinkulu ezazingaguqula ukulondeka komngcele nenqubo yesiphephelo e-U.S. ngoMay, i-Chenator Chris Murphy (D-CT) yasungula i-S. 4361, i-Relivreal Act ka-2024. Lezi zihlongozo zamelela izinyanga zokuxhumana okucophelela phakathi kwe-Republican ne-Democracratic progierss ezifuna isisekelo esifanayo sezindaba eziphambili ze-Melika.

I-Emergency National Security Approprias Act ka-2024 ihlanganisa ngaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-20,2 ze-"board" yoxhaso lwemali kanye namakhulu amakhasi omngcele nezinguquko zokufuduka. Isimo esibanzi salezi zihlongozo sabonisa ukuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinselele zokulawula umngcele ezibhekene nesizwe, ukusingatha yonke into kusukela ezimbonini ezingokomzimba kuya ezinqubeni zokukhosela.

Indlu yabameleli yathuthukisa indlela yayo siqu ngomthetho ohlukene. Ekuqaleni kwesimiso se-countalial, House Republicans wadlula iH.R. 2, i-Device Court Act ka-2023, eyathatha indlela ehlukile yokuvikela umngcele kunokuhlehla kweSigele se-Bipartisan. Lokhu kungena phakathi kwamagumbi kungabonakala kungenye yezithiyo eziningi zokufinyelela inguquko enengqondo.

Izingxenye Zezinguquko Zomngcele

Izimiso Zokuphepha Obishiweyo Nezobuchwepheshe

Imali yayingaqondisa amaR220 emalini engeziwe emngceleni we-US kanye ne-Mexico, futhi ilwe nokushushumbisa izidakamizwa. Lokhu kutshala imali enele kuhloselwe ukwenza amakhono okulondoloza umngcele asetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi. Ukuxhasa imali kungasekela ukwakhiwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemingcele engokomzimba, ukuthunyelwa kwezimiso eziphambili zokuhlola, nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bokuhlola okuvimbelayo emathekwini okungena.

Intuthuko yezesisekelo ehlongozwayo yadlulela ngalé kodonga oluvamile. UNobhala uzovumela amakomiti afanelekayo enhlangano ukuba enze uhlelo lokusetshenziswa, kuhlanganise nezingqwembe zaminyaka yonke zokwakhiwa kodonga olunjalo kanye nezilinganiso zezindleko zokwanelisa zonke izimfuneko zokwakhiwa kodonga, kuhlanganise nokufakwa nokufakwa kwezakhiwo zezemisebenzi, ezobuchwepheshe nezinye izinto. Lendlela ebanzi iqaphela ukuthi ukulondeka komngcele okusebenzayo kudinga amasu ahlanganisa imingcele angokomzimba namakhambiselo obuchwepheshe.

Izimali zobuchwepheshe zahlanganisa ukuhlelwa kwemishini eklanyelwe ukuhlola ipentanyl nezinye izidakamizwa ezingekho emthethweni, ukuthuthukisa izimiso zokufunda ama - layisensi emathekwini okungena, kanye nezimiso zokuhlola ezihlangene. Lezi zinqubo zobuchwepheshe ezihloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza nokuphumelela kokugcinwa kwemithetho emngceleni kuyilapho zinciphisa umthwalo ezisebenzini.

Izisebenzi Nemithombo Ephakeme Yezimo Eziphuthumayo

Isiphakamiso somthetho we-bipartisan sahlanganisa izikhulu ze-Revern Patrol nezikhulu ze-CBP; (b) izikhulu ezintsha zezehholo ezicishe zibe izigidi ezingu-20 000 nezinye imithombo yezimali ye-DHS, njenge: (a) ama-Cmmigration Service amasha angu-500 amaProm kanye ne-Bord Teader Protection (CBP) izisebenzi ezisanda kumiswa, kuhlanganise nezisebenzi ze-Revern Patrol nezikhulu ze-CBP; (b) ezingaphezulu kwama-200,000 (a) abaphathi bezehholo nezisebenzi ezinkulu eziqaphela ukuthi imishini emishayo nenye izakhiwo ze-U.S nezindawo zokulungisa imishini ezidingekayo (ie - faultdiction) zisezisezinzile izikhali ezidingekayo ezidingekayo ezisemngceleni.

Ukugadla kokuqasha okuhlongozwayo kwamelela okunye kokwanda okukhulu kakhulu komthetho wokugcinwa kwezokufuduka nokwezinga lokulungisa emlandweni wamuva. Lemali yandisa futhi izimali zezikhulu zezikhulu zezindawo zokukhosela futhi inikeza i-DHS igunya eliqasha isikhashana ukuba liqashe izisebenzi ukuba zisebenzise lo mthetho. La malungiselelo ahloselwe ukudonsa abaqeshwa abafanelekayo futhi aqede inqubo yokuqasha, ebilokhu ithatha kancane futhi ixake.

Ngaphandle kwabaphathi bemingcele nezikhulu zezesivikelo, izihlongozo zahlanganisa ukuxhasa ngemali izisebenzi ezengeziwe ze-Immigtion and Custom Entorcement (ICE), izisebenzi ezisekela izinkantolo zezokufuduka, nemithombo yezindawo zokukhosela nezinkonzo emiphakathini ethola abafuduki. Lendlela yokulawula imingcele yavuma ukuthi idlulela ngalé komngcele ongokoqobo ukuze ihlanganise ukugcinwa kwemithetho yezwe kanye nezimiso zokusekela umphakathi.

Ukuziphendukela Kwemvelo Kuyashintsha Kube Ukuqhubekela Kuyo

Amalungiselelo ayinhloko ahlobene nokufuduka kwemali angenza lokhu okulandelayo: Yakha inqubo entsha yesiphephelo emngceleni wase-U.S. lapho izikhulu zesiphephelo zifihla khona amacala esivikelo esiseceleni esiseceleni. Lokhu kwaveza ukuhlelwa okuyisisekelo kwendlela i-United States esingatha ngayo iziphakamiso zesivikelo, isusa igunya eliphawulekayo ezinkantolo zokufuduka ukuya ezikhungweni zezindawo zokukhosela emngceleni.

Imali imisa inqubo entsha yesikhoselo emngceleni wase-U.S. lenqubo entsha inikeza izikhulu zezesiphephelo zase-U.S. (US.IS) ezinegunya lokufaka isikhoselo emngceleni. Ngaphansi kwalesi simiso, abafuni besiphephelo bangathola izikhoselo zokuqala nezinqumo, okunganciphisa izinga lokulinda elithatha iminyaka eminingi eliphawuleka kulesimiso samanje.

Umgomo wemigomo eminingi ehlangene nenqubo yesikhoselo ukunciphisa isikhathi sokulinda kusukela eminyakeni engu-5-7 kuya kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Lokhu kuthatha isikhathi esiphawulekayo okuhloselwe ukuxazulula enye yezinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu esimisweni samanje: iqophelo elikhulu lamacala alandelayo ashiya abafuni besivikelo eqenjini elingokomthetho iminyaka eminingi belindele ukufushaniswa.

Izinguquko zahlanganisa futhi nezinguquko ezisezindinganisweni zesikhoselo nasezinqubweni. Lomthetho wenezela futhi imingcele ethile emayelana nekhono labafuduki lokufuna isikhoselo. Lemithetho ihloselwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithombo yesikhoselo igxile kubantu abanezidingo zesivikelo zangempela kuyilapho ihlola iziphakamiso eziyize noma zokukhohlisa ngokushesha.

Igunya Eliphuthumayo Lomngcele: Isimiso Esiwumbango Esibangela Ukuphazamiseka Kwemishini

Mhlawumbe isici esiphikisa kakhulu sezinguquko ezihlongozwayo kwakuwukwakhiwa kwe "Border Emergency Authority" eyayizoguqula ukutholakala kwesikhoselo ngokuyisisekelo okusekelwe emazingeni okuhlangana naso. Imali entsha isungule umqondo wentuthuzelo, eyokwehla lapho inani labafuduki abavela emngceleni lidlula isilinganiso esingaba ngu 5 000 phakathi nesonto. Umthetho futhi unikeza umongameli amandla okuvala umngcele oseningizimu neMexico uma abafuduki abangaphezu kuka-4 000 bezama ukuwela umngcele ngesonto.

Uma amazinga ansuku zonke efinyelela ku-4 000 ngokwesilinganiso sezinsuku eziyi-7, umongameli noMnyango Wezokuphepha (DHS) banokuhlakanipha kokusebenzisa leligunya elisha lokuxosha. Kodwa uma kuhlangana kufinyelela ku-5 000 wezinsuku ezingu-7, noma u-8,500 nganoma yiluphi usuku, umongameli kungadingeka asebenzise leligunya lokuxosha. Lendlela elandelanayo yenza igatsha likwazi ukuthatha i-compactives uma kugeleza amagebesea lapho kuwelela amagele aphakeme.

Nokho, isikhulu sesimo esiphuthumayo safika nemingcele ebalulekile. Imali idinga uhulumeni ukuba avumele abantu ukuba bafune isikhoselo emathekwini okungena ngisho naphakathi kwesimo esiphuthumayo futhi ifuna uhulumeni alondoloze amandla okufaka u-400 ngosuku ngale ndlela (_ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isikhoselo ngeke singabi khona ngokuphelele. Leli lungiselelo lizama ukulinganisela izinhloso zokulawula umngcele nezibopho zokusiza abantu ezingaphansi komthetho wezwe lonke.

I - Bounce Emergency Aguide Aguide (Igunya LoMnyango Wokuphela Kwezwe) lalizoshona ngemva kweminyaka emithathu ngemva kokumiswa; nokho, ekugcineni uMkhandlu wawunganquma ukulinweba.

Ukuzilibazisa Nezindlela Ezithile Zokuzilibazisa

Imali idinga ukuthutha nokuthatha imibhede ye-ICFORCAM (ICE) ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inqubo engaguquki engenziwa ngokungemthetho ukuze inqandwe kuzo zonke izingxenye. Kuzodingeka ukuba ibeke lezi zimiso endaweni yazo phakathi nezinsuku ezingu-90 futhi zizenze zibe sobala. Nokho, inikeza nezimali ze-ICE ukuze kugcinwe okungenani imibhede engu-50 000 etholakalayo cishe ngamaphesenti angu-47 emibhedeni engu-194 000 eyabelwa ngo-2023, 20222, kanye no-2021.

Lendlela ehlukene yokuhlanganisa − ukunweba kokubili ukuvalelwa nokusetshenziswa kwejele kanye nezinto ezingekho emajele (____wabonisa izinto eziza kuqala eziphikisanayo ezingaphakathi komthetho. Abasekeli bejele elandayo baphikisa ukuthi kwakudingekile ukuba kuqikelelwe futhi kuqinisekiswe ukuvela kwezinye izindlela. Abameleli bakhomba ubufakazi bokuthi izinhlelo zokuqondisa ezisekelwe emphakathini zifinyelela izinga eliphakeme lokuthobela ngezindleko eziphansi futhi ukuhlupheka kwabantu kunokuboshwa.

Imfuneko yezimiso ezingaguquki, ezitholakala obala ezisetshenziswa kwezinye izindlela zokugwetshwa yabonisa umzamo wokuletha ukubonakala okukhulu nokuhleleka esimisweni esiye sahlukahluka kakhulu ngokomlando emahhovisi nasezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ze - ICE.

Izindlela Ezingokomthetho Eziyandisiwe Nezivikelo

Nakuba umthetho omningi owawugxile ekuqinisweni kwemithetho nemithetho evimbelayo, wawuhlanganisa namalungiselelo okwandisa izindlela ezingokomthetho zokufuduka.

Imali ihlanganisa ulimi olufana nomthetho owenziwe phakathi nezikhawu ezimbili zokugcina ze-Afghan Survement Act. Iyomisa inqubo ebanzi kodwa enzima ku-Afghhan abafuduki abangatholanga isikhoselo ukuze balungise isikhundla sabo esingokomthetho se-Dagnon ye-Resident Example. Le lungiselelo lakhuluma ngesimo esintengantengayo esingokomthetho samashumi ezinkulungwane zama-Afghanistan athunyelwa eUnited States ngemva kokuthatha iTaliban ngo-201 kodwa antula isikhundla esingokomthetho esihlala njalo.

Ekusabeleni ekushunyayelweni kwababusi bentando yeningi nabaphathi-meya abasebenzelana negagasi elikhulu labafuduki emazweni abo nasemadolobhaneni, imvume ihlanganisa imvume yomsebenzi kwabafuduki ukuze bathole imisebenzi njengoba amacala abo ehlelwa. Lelilungiselelo laqaphela iqiniso elingokoqobo lokuthi abafuni besikhoselo ngokuvamile balinda izinyanga noma iminyaka ukuze balindele isinqumo futhi bangathembela ekusizeni umphakathi noma emsebenzini ngokungemthetho.

Imingcele Egunyani Elilinganiselwe

Imali cishe ilinganisela ukusetshenziswa kwesigwebo sokukhishwa kwesigwebo kubantu abafudukayo abafika e-U.S. ngezwe, ngaphandle kwe-Sen. Lankford (R-OK) yabonisa ukuthi "ukukhishwa kwenkululeko yokusiza abantu" esikwelini, ukulinganisela indlela esetshenziswa ngayo emngceleni. Lokhu kwasho ukucindezelwa okuphawulekayo kwegatsha eliphethe ezindabeni zokufuduka.

AmaRepublica ayegxeke ukusebenzisa kwezinhlelo ze-Biden zokukhipha isigwebo, ephikisa ngokuthi agwema iziteshi ezivamile zokufuduka futhi akha ngokuphumelelayo izindlela ezintsha ezingokomthetho ngaphandle kwemvume engokomthetho. Imingcele ehlongozwayo ehloselwe ukulinganisela isilinganiso esikhethekile sezimo zokusiza umphakathi kunanjengethuluzi lokulawula umngcele elivamile.

Izikhali Zezombangazwe Nokusekela Kwemithetho

Ukuxoxa Ngezinkulumo Nokusekela Kokuqala

Abahlaziyi beSigele baye bafinyelela isivumelwano esingokomthetho wesivumelwano sokuthatha i-bipartisan eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-18 zemali ukuze bakhulume emngceleni wase-U.S. Ngemva kwezinyanga zezingxoxo, i-trio of Camper jogator yaveza isivumelwano se-bipartisan sokudlula imithetho ethile eyinhloko yokuthutha kwabantu baseBiden. Iqembu le-partinator James Lankford (R-Oklaoma), i-Senstenatema (I-Arizona), kanye no-Sentariss Murphy (Dithena), limelela umzamo wangempela wokufuna indawo ebanzi.

"Manje sesifinyelele isivumelwano somthetho wesizwe wezokuphepha we-bipartis ehlanganisa isimiso esiqinile nesilunga kakhulu sezinguquko zomngcele emashumini eminyaka. Ngiyasisekela kakhulu, Biden washo emazwini. Imvume kaMongameli yabonisa ukuthi ukuyekethisa kwakwamukeleka naphezu kwemiqathango evimbela igunya lesikhulu esiphethe nezindinganiso zokukhosela eziqinisiwe ngaphezu kwalokho uDemocrates ayekusekela ngokwesiko.

"Indaba iveza ithuba langempela lokuba uMkhandlu ulungise imingcele yethu futhi uthuthukele esimisweni esingcono nesinemithombo," iSigele esiphethe uMajority Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y., itshele izintatheli ngemininingwane yalokhu kuhlongozwa kwakhululwa. Ukusekela kobuholi be-Democratic kwabonisa ukuqaphela ukuthi ukuvikelwa komngcele kwakuyinto engekho kwezombangazwe futhi ukuyekethisa kwakudingekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ezinye izinto eziza kuqala, kuhlanganise nosizo ku-Ukraine nakwa-Israel.

Ukuphikiswa Kwezwe Nokucusumbulwa Kwezombangazwe

Naphezu kwemvelaphi eqinile yomthetho, ukusekela kweRepublic kwaphela ngokushesha. House Speaker Mike Johnson wakulahla, ethi akunzima ngokwanele kubafuduki. Umthetho usushaya udonga lwesitini e House lapho abaholi beGOP besho khona ukuthi: “Bafile lapho befika.”

Njengoba impikiswano yomngcele iba indawo ephethe i-operad kumkhankaso wobumongameli ka-2024, futhi owayenguMongameli uTrump enxusa obala abenzi be-GOP ukuba baphikise ibhizinisi, amathemba okufika edeskini likaMongameli Biden abonakala efinyelelwe. Ukuphikiswa kukaTrump kwabonakala kungujuqu ekuguquleni umzwelo weRepublican ngokumelene nomthetho abaningi ababewubonise ngaphambili ukuthi bawusekela.

Trump wacindezela abamisi-mthetho be-GOP ukuba babulale noma iliphi icala elingaphelele, futhi waphumelela. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi isisusa sikaTrump sasingokwezombangazwe kunokuba sibe yisithakazeli esiphansi, `efuna ukulondoloza isiphithiphithi somngcele njengendaba yomkhankaso kunokuba avumele uBiden asho ukuthi unecala lokusingatha lenkinga ngomthetho we-bipartis.

"Trump watshela abasizi bakhe bamaMAGA ukuba bayibulale emikhondweni yayo ukuze asebenzise impikiswano elandela umkhankaso," iSigele samaMajority Mhode uChuck Schumer, D-N.Y., watshela izintatheli ngemva kokuvota. Lokhu kumangalelwa kwaqokomisa izinga isimiso sokufuduka esasithotshiswe ngalo kwezombangazwe ezikhethweni, ngokucabangela okuphansi kwezimiso zokuthatha isikhundla sesemkhankasweni.

Izimemezelo Zesigele Ezihlulekile

Ukuhamba kokuqhubeka noMthetho woMdanti ephaketheni kwahluleka ngevoti engu-49-50. Ivoti kaFebruary yamelela ukunqotshwa kokuqala kokuhlehliswa kwe-bipartis. Isivumelwano seSigele sehluleka ukuqhubekela phambili kuyi-43-50 procedualculture. Isibeko sokuphepha emngceleni, S.4361, sathola amavoti ambalwa emali kaLwesine njengencwadi yosizo lwangaphandle njengengxenye yephakethe elikhulu losizo lwangaphandle ngoFebruary.

Izigebengu ze-Democrates zehluleka ukuqhubekisela phambili intela yokuphepha emngceleni we-birpartisan uLwesine, cishe cishe wonke amaRepublican avotela i-Donald Trump uphethe isiphithiphithi somngcele njengengxenye eyinhloko yomkhankaso wakhe ngokumelene noMongameli Joe Biden. Cishe zonke i-GOP senitor, kanye noDemocrates abayisithupha, bavotela ku-Rebabrister i-bipartan isikhwama esiklanyelwe ukuqhela ekuthuleni nasekunqamuleni imingcele. Ivoti kaMay yabonisa ukuthi ukusekela kwakhe empeleni kwakwehla kusukela ngoFebruary, kanye namaDemocrates aqale asekela iphakethe ekhona manje ephikisana nayo.

I-New Jersey Sen. Cory Booker yasho emazwini kaLwesithathu ukuthi nakuba yavotela iphasela elikhulu ekuqaleni kukaFebruary – ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi yayihlanganisa usizo olubucayi e-Ukraine – wayengeke akwenze lokhu ngalesisikhathi ngoba isikweleti sasinemithetho eqinile. Lokhu kwabonisa ukukhathazeka okuqhubekayo ukuthi amaDemocrat ayevume kakhulu ezingxoxweni nokuthi imingcele yemali yehlawulo esendaweni yokukhosela ingalimaza abantu abasengozini.

Izimpikiswano Ezisekela Izinguquko

Ukulondeka Komngcele Nobukhosi Besizwe

Abasekeli bezinguquko baveza ukuthi ukuphepha emngceleni kwakubalulekile ukuze kuqalwe ubukhosi besizwe nokuphepha komphakathi. Bakhomba ukuqopha izinombolo eziqoshiwe emngceleni oseningizimu njengobufakazi bokuthi isimiso samanje siphukile nokuthi kwakudingeka izinyathelo ezingavamile ukuze kubuyiselwe ukuhleleka nokulawulwa.

Abasekeli bagcizelela ukuthi ukulondeka emngceleni kuvikela imiphakathi yaseMelika ekushushumbiseni izidakamizwa, ikakhulukazi ukugeleza kwefentanyl okuye kwaba nengxenye ekufeni kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu abasebenzisa ngokweqile minyaka yonke.

Ngokusungula izimiso zokulungisa ezihleleke kakhudlwana neziphumelelayo, lezi zinguquko zaziyovumela uhulumeni ukuba abahlukanise futhi abavikele abantu ngokufuna isiphephelo sangempela kuyilapho kuvinjelwa izicelo zokukhohliswa nokuwela okungekho emthethweni.

Ukukhuluma Nezinqubo Zesimiso

Ikakhulukazi, ihlose ukunciphisa isilinganiso abantu abalinda ngaso iminyaka eminingi ukuze bathole umphumela wokugcina enkantolo yabo yesikhoselo. Isehlulelo esikhulu ezinkantolo zezokufuduka − kanye nezigidi zamacala alindele ukufika⁠ — zenza isimiso lapho ubulungisa bephuza ukunqatshelwa khona ubulungisa kokubili abafuni besikhoselo nohulumeni.

Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi ukubambezeleka kwesimiso samanje okungekho emthethweni kokufuduka ngenxa yokuthi abafuduki bazi ukuthi bangahlala e-United States iminyaka eminingi kuyilapho amacala abo ethinteka ezinkantolo, kungakhathaliseki umphumela wokugcina. Ukulungisa ngokushesha kungadala imiphumela esheshayo kulabo abangakholeki uma benikeza usizo olusheshayo kulabo abanezidingo zesivikelo sangempela.

Ukutshala imali ezisebenzini ezengeziwe zezesivikelo namajaji abafuduki kwamelela ukuqashelwa ukuthi izinkinga zesimiso ngokwengxenye zabangelwa imithombo elinganiselwe. Ukukhokha isambatho kumelela umzamo ongathi sína wokuvuma, nokuxazulula, ezinye zezinkinga eziyinhloko ngesimiso samanje somngcele nesesivikelo, nokukhuluma ngokwehluleka kukahulumeni ukulawula ukufuduka ngendlela esekela imiphakathi yaseMelika kanye nezidingo zomphakathi.

Ukuyekethisa Nezixazululo Eziwusizo

Abasekeli bagcizelela ukuthi lomthetho wawumelela ukuyekethisa okungavamile kwendaba ehlukanisa amaMelika amashumi amaningi eminyaka. Sen. uJames Lankford (R-Okla), owayengumqondisi oholayo kulemali, waveza ukuthi abantu abakanye nabo baseRepublic abangabazanga ngale mithetho kufanele baqaphele ukuthi umthetho "uveza inqwaba yezimpikiswano zesikhathi eside nezikhala ezikhona emthethweni wehlawulo futhi usinikeza igunya eliphuthumayo elivimbela isiyaluyaluyalu manje emngceleni."

Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi akumelwe uphelele ube isitha sokuhle − kanti umthetho wawungasuthi ukuthandwa yibo bonke abantu, wawumelela intuthuko enengqondo endabeni ebucayi. Okungakhethwa ekuyekethiseni okungaphelele kwakunesikhathi sokuqhubeka kuqinile futhi izimo ziwohloka emngceleni.

Ukuphikiswa Nokugxekwa

Amacebo Aqhubekayo

Abaphikisi abaphikisayo baphikisa ngokuthi umthetho awuzange ufinyelele kude ngokwanele ukuba uvikele umngcele futhi empeleni ufaka iziqondiso ezidala inkinga. Isihluthulelo siwukuthi ukusekela imali noma izinguquko zemithetho ngeke kuvimbele ngempela umngcele, futhi ukulondeka emngceleni kuwukuphela kwesilinganiso okufanele isiKhongolo-sifunda sisebenzise.

ISigele sihlanganisa uMongameli Biden noNobhala we-DHS uMayorkas amathuluzi avulekile omngcele ngomthetho. Lezi zinyathelo azinakuqhubekela phambili nje kuphela inhlekelele yomngcele kodwa futhi ziyokwenza kube nzima kakhulu nganoma yimuphi uMongameli ohloselwe ukuphoqelela ukulungisa. Lokhu kugxeka kwabonisa ukukhathazeka ngokuthi umthetho uzokuvala izimiso ezibhekwa ngabaqondisi njengezithika kakhulu.

Abagxeki baveza izimbangela zobufakazi bokuthi lo mthetho wamukela amazinga aphakeme okufuduka okungekho emthethweni. Bagomela ngokuthi ukuvumela ukubhekana nezi - 4 000 000 ngosuku ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe izinyathelo eziphuthumayo ezisizayo ekuthutheleni kwabantu abaningi ngokungemthetho ngokufanelekile kunokuba kuvinjelwe.

Inamadollar angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-7 (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-20) eMnyango we Homeland Security, State, Justice, and Health and Human Services, i-Biden Administration iphinde ixhase "izifundazwe" nezinhlangano ezingezona ezohulumeni (NGOs) eziye zabangela ukufuduka okungekho emthethweni, zisebenzisa izimali zikahulumeni ezinikezwa yile minyango. Lokhu kugxeka kwabonisa ukuphikisa okungokwesiko kwezimali ezizweni zezinhlangano ezazizibheka njengezingenza ukufuduka okungekho emthethweni.

Izinkinga Eziqhubekayo Nezingabantu

Nokho, izindleko zingalivimbela kakhulu ilungelo lomuntu lokufuna isikhoselo ngokuxosha ngokushesha abafuduki ngendlela engafaka engozini ukulondeka futhi iholele ekuphathweni kabi okwengeziwe. Abagxeki abaqhubekayo baphikisa ngokuthi umthetho wadela isivikelo esiyisisekelo sokusiza abantu ekulandeleni izinhloso zokuphoqelela.

Nokho, izinyathelo zayo eziqondile kulendlela zincishiswa "igunya eliqinile" elisha eliphinda amaphutha enziwa yi-Trump ne Biden abaphethe: ukwenza isivikelo singatholakali kakhulu kulabo abaswele, kuyilapho behluleka ukuthumela umyalezo ocacile kwabazofika esikhathini esizayo. Abagxeki babekhathazekile ngokuthi igunya eliphuthumayo lizowamisa ngokuphumelelayo amalungelo esivikelo phakathi nezikhathi lapho isivikelo sasidingeka khona.

Abafuduki abafika phakathi kwetheku lokungena bangaxoshwa ngaphandle kokuba "babonisa" ukwesaba ushushiso noma ukuhlukumeza uma bebuyiswa. Umthetho wamuva we-Bhiden uxosha abantu ngokufanayo ngaphandle kokuba bahlangane nalokhu kungabikho okucacile nokunzima "ukusuka" ekuthatheni imvume. Ngokwesizathu, lolu vivinyo luhluleka ukubona abantu abanokwesaba okuqotho ngokuphathelene nokubuya. Lokhu kugxeka kwaqokomisa ukukhathazeka kokuthi izinqubo zokuhlola ngokushesha zingalahlekelwa imvume esemthethweni.

Abasekeli bamalungelo abavela kwamanye amazwe bagxeka futhi ukwanda kwamalungelo eziboshwa.

Imiphumela Yokukhathazeka

Ngokwenza amaqoqo amabili ezimiso zomngcele kuye ngokuthi izikhulu zezesiphephelo ziyasebenza yini noma cha (ngaphandle kokusho ukuthi zazisebenza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi). Lo mthetho ungandisa ukudideka emngceleni we-U.S./Mexico. Amanxusa oMdaba we-Patrol, i-Immigration Services (USCIS) nezikhulu zezendabuko ngokwazo zingashiywa zingaqiniseki ngosuku oluya kusuku.

Lokhu kucubungula ukusebenza kwaqokomisa izinselele ezisebenzayo ngokusebenzisa isimiso esingashintsha phakathi kwemikhakha ehlukene esekelwe emazingeni okuhlangana. Abagxeki babekhathazekile ngokuthi ukuyinkimbinkimbi okunjalo kungadala ukudideka, ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo, nezinselele ezingokomthetho ezingase zibangele ukuphumelela komthetho.

Umongo Obanzi: Okwenza Izinguquko Zibonakale Zinzima Kakhulu

Izinga lokufuduka eliqoshiwe

Inani labantu ababoshwa amanxusa oMdanti Patrol emngceleni we-U.S./Mexico) amaningi awo aphendukela emazingeni ashaye phansi angakaze abonwe ngaphambili. Izakhiwo ezikhona, imithetho nezimiso akwanele ukuqondisa abantu, ukuhlaziya noma yiziphi izimfuneko zokuvikela ngokuphumelelayo futhi ngokungakhethi, noma ukubavumela ukuba bazisekele e-United States lapho belinde isinqumo ezindabeni zabo.

Isimiso sethu sokufuduka esiwohlokile sinegalelo ngokuqondile ekufudukeni okungokomlando esikubonayo kulo lonke iNtshonalanga Nenkabazwe, sikhungethwe izimo zezomnotho ezintengantengayo, izinhlekelele zemvelo, nokungalondeki okuvamile, futhi leliqiniso, lihlangene nemithombo elinganiselwe yokuhamba, liye laphinde lawahlula kakhulu amandla ethu emngceleni. Umphumela uwukuhamba okunzima lapho izakhiwo zethu zoMdabu waseUnited States zihlala zisengozini yokuhlala ziminyana, isimiso sethu sokuvalelwa siye sahlala sisesimweni esihle, futhi isimiso sethu sokukhosela sihlala siqinile futhi asikwazi ukukhipha izinqumo ezifike ngesikhathi.

Izinga lokufuduka elingakaze libonwe labangela izingcindezi ezahlula izimiso nezimiso zemvelo ezikhona. Kunabantu abaningi emhlabeni wonke abafuduka emakhaya abo namuhla kunanoma isiphi isikhathi kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II. Lomongo wembulunga yonke washo ukuthi izinselele zomngcele wase-U.S. zaziyingxenye yezinkinga zokufuduka komhlaba wonke ezibangelwa izingxabano, ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukungahleleki kwezomnotho, noshushiso lwezombangazwe.

Amashumi Eminyaka Yokunganaki Nokungakhathalelwa

Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezihlala njalo, eziphumelelayo nezisabelayo eziyovumela izwe ukuba likwazi ukusingatha izinguquko ezibonisa ukuthi bangaki abantu abafuna isivikelo e - U.S., lapho bevela khona, nokuthi izakhamuzi zabo zivelaphi.

Iziphakamiso zenguquko ezingu-2024 zazama ukuxoxa ngamashumi eminyaka yokungathathi hlangothi kwenqubo yokufuduka. Inguquko yokugcina enkulu yokufuduka yathathwa ngo-1986, futhi imizamo eyalandela ngo-2007 nango-2013 yahluleka naphezu kokusekela okukhulu kwe-bipartisan. Le ngxenye eqhubekayo yavumela izinkinga ukuba zihlangane kuyilapho isimiso sokufuduka sahlukana kakhulu namaqiniso ezomnotho nawomphakathi.

Ukwehluleka kweSishaya-Mkhandlu ukuletha izinguquko ezinengqondo ezingokwesimiso kanye nokusekela imali okwanele, naphezu kwezicelo eziphindaphindiwe zokuthi yenza kanjalo, kuyimbangela eyinhloko yalenkinga. Iziphathimandla zeBiden zacela ngokuphindaphindiwe imithombo eyengeziwe negunya lokusingatha izinselele zomngcele, kodwa ukuhlukana okuhlukanisayo kwavimbela ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuhlanganisa kuze kube yizingxoxo ezingu - 2024.

Ezombangazwe Nokuthuthwa Kwezizwe

Ukuthutha kuyindaba ephambili yabavoti abathatha indinganiso ngaphambi kokhetho lukamongameli lwango - 2024 oluyonquma ukulawula iWhite House neSishaya - mthetho. Ukufuduka kokufuduka njengempikiswano yezombangazwe kwabangela izisusa zokuba womabili amaqembu azibeke ngokomthetho kunokuba ahlehlise.

Ukumiswa kwesikhathi somthetho kuphoqelela − phakathi nonyaka wokukhetha kamongameli − kwabonakala kuyinselele kakhulu. U-Al Jazeera's Fisher wathi abanye abanamaRepublic baphikisa umthetho bathi babengayikuvotela ngoba kunganikeza ukunqoba kweBiden ibhipartis. Lokhu kuvuma okungagunci ukuthi ukucatshangelwa kwenqubo ekhohliweyo kubonisa indlela ukufuduka okuye kwabekwa ngayo isikhali kwezombangazwe ezinabantu abahlukene.

OwayenguMongameli uTrump, ummeleli ophambili weRepublic kamongameli, naye uyamelana nemali futhi wanxusa amaRepublican ukuba angadlulisi umthetho. "Lena yisipho kumaDemocrates, futhi lolu hlobo, luwukuguqulwa komngcele omubi kakhulu emlandweni emahlombe amaRepublican. Bafuna lokhu ngempela ukuba kukhethwe umongameli, ngakho manje bangasola amaRepublica ngemingcele embi kakhulu emlandweni."

Ithonya Emphakathini Nababambi Bezisulu

Imidanso

Izakhamuzi ezisemngceleni we-U.S.-Mexico zathola ithonya eliqondiswe kakhulu lokufuduka futhi zingathinteka kakhulu nganoma yiziphi izinguquko. Kunalokho, imiphakathi emngceleni nase-U.S. iye yaphoqeleka ukuba ihlalise inani elikhulu labasanda kufika, ngaphandle kokubambisana nohulumeni ophethe (*futhi, kwezinye izimo, nababusi abanjengoGreg Abbott noRon Desantis banciphise ngamabomu imizamo yokubambisana nokusekela.

Imiphakathi evilene yabhekana nemithombo entengantengayo, izinkonzo zezenhlalo ezikhungathekile, nezingxabano zezombangazwe njengoba zazisingatha amaqiniso angokoqobo okufuduka kuyilapho abezombangazwe bephikisana ngesimiso sezwe. Izakhamuzi eziningi zomngcele zasekela izinyathelo zokuphepha ezikhuthalelekile kodwa futhi zaqaphela iminikelo yezomnotho neyomphakathi yabafuduki nezibopho zokusiza abafuduki ukuba baphathe isithunzi.

Amadolobha Namazwe Angaphakathi

Ithonya lokufuduka ladlulela ngalé kwemingcele njengoba abafuduki babethuthelwa emadolobheni anqamula izwe. UGreg Abbott uthi ukuphatha kwakhe kuye kwathumela abafuduki abangaphezu kuka - 100 000 emadolobheni anjengeLos Angeles, iDenver neNew York. Lelicebo lokweqa ngamabomu ababusi bezwe baletha izinselele zokuba amadolobha angakulungele ukuthola amanani amakhulu abafuduki.

Omameya bedemokrasi nababusi abasezikhundleni ezingcwele bazithola bebambeke phakathi kwezibopho zabo ezimisiwe ezinqunyweyo ezimisweni zobungane nabafuduki nezinselele ezisebenzayo zokunikeza izinkonzo eziyizinkulungwane zabasanda kufika. Lokhu kucindezeleka kwanezela ekusekeleni idemocraticism ekuguquleni umngcele okwakubhekwa abantu abaningi abathuthukayo njengokuthiwa kuyacindezela kakhulu.

Abafuduki Nabafuni Be - Asylmum

Kubantu abafudukayo nabafuna isikhoselo ngokwabo, izinguquko ezihlongozwayo zingaba nemiphumela ephawulekayo. Labo abanezidingo eziqotho zokuvikela bangazuza ngokulungisa ngokushesha nangokushesha izinqumo zabo. Nokho, imingcele yokuthola isikhoselo kanye negunya lokuxoshwa okuphuthumayo yabangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngokuthi abantu abasengozini bangakucabangela kahle yini lokho abakushoyo.

Ukungaqiniseki okwabangelwa umthetho ohlulekile kwashiya abafuduki benezigaba, bengaqiniseki ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo ezaziyolawula amacala abo nokuthi babeyoba namathuba anenjongo yini okufuna isivikelo. Umsebenzi ovumela amalungiselelo wawuyobasekela kakhulu labo ababelindele isinqumo secala, ubavumele ukuba bazisekele ngokwabo futhi basekele ngokwezimali kunokuba bathembele osizoni lomphakathi.

Ezinye Izindlela Zokubhekana Nezimo Nokubona Izinto Eziphithizelayo

I - House Republican Approng

House Speaker Johnson uye wacela iSigele seDemocratic Serval ukuba sivume isimemezelo esidluliswa yindlu ngoMay esasizoqeda ngokuphumelelayo ukukhosela emngceleni. Indlela ye House Republican, ehlanganiswe kuyiH.R. 2, yathatha ukuma okuvimbela kakhulu kunokuyekethisa kweSigele, ibeka umthetho phambi kokunakekela umphakathi.

Imali yendlu yayihlanganisa amalungiselelo okwakha udonga olude emngceleni, imingcele eqinile ekutholeni isikhoselo esiqinile, kanye nezindlela zokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kwemithetho eqinile.

Izindlela Ezihlukile Eziqhubekayo

Abasekeli abaqhubekayo baphikisa ngokuthi izindlela zokuvikela umphakathi ezibekwa kuqala, izindlela ezingokomthetho ezinwetshiwe zokufuduka, futhi bakhuluma ngezimbangela zokufuduka ngosizo lwakwamanye amazwe. Bagcizelela ukuthi ukuphoqelelwa kwemithetho yezemfundo kuphela kuhlulekile amashumi eminyaka futhi ukuthi amakhambi aqinile adinga ukuxazulula ukuthi kungani abantu befuduka.

Izihlongozo eziqhubekayo zazihlanganisa izindlela zokuthola ubuzwe kubantu abavela e - United States abangabhaliwe kakade, ukuvalelwa kwababaleki abaningi, nezinguquko ukuze ukufuduka okungokomthetho kutholakale futhi kuphumelele.

Isenzo

Ibhekene ne-redrocedroup, isikhulu se Biden ekugcineni sathatha isinyathelo sokuphatha. NgoMay 2024, lapho iSigele siphinde sicabangela isiphakamiso somthetho we-bipartis, iSigele sehluleka ukuqhubekisela phambili lesi silinganiso. Ngemva kwalokhu kwehluleka, uMongameli Biden wakhipha isimemezelo sokumisa imingcele ethile ngegunya eliphethe.

Ngo-October 2023, ngacela amadollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-203 (amaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-4,4,6) ukuze kuqashelwe ukugcinwa kwemingcele nokuthutha. Lesi sicelo sasihlanganisa amadollar ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-5 (amaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-4) ukuze i-DHS ilawule izimo emngceleni oseningizimu, kanye nokuxhasa ukugcinwa kwezindawo ezibucayi ukuze kugcinwe umngcele oseningizimu. i-Congress yaphinde yahluleka ukunikeza umngcele wethu nesimiso sokufuduka ngemithombo edinga ukunikeza imiphumela efike ngesikhathi ngokungekho emthethweni.

Nokho, izenzo zomphathi zabhekana nezinselele zomthetho futhi zazingenakho ukuhlala njalo nemithombo enikezwa umthetho. Abamisi bomthetho abaningi baseRepublic baphikisa uBiden manje banegunya lokuvala umngcele futhi noma yimuphi umthetho omusha kufanele ulinde kuze kube ngemva kokhetho lwama 2024. Lempikiswano yabonisa ukungavumelani ngobukhulu begunya eliphetheyo nokuthi uMongameli angasebenzisa yini izinqubo ezifiselekayo ngaphandle kokuthatha isinyathelo sobuhlanga.

Izicelo Zekusasa Lomthetho Wokufuduka Kwase - United States

Izandulela Nesiqondiso Esimisiwe

Naphezu kokwehluleka kwemizamo yokulungisa engu - 2024, lezingxoxo zamisa izenzakalo ezibalulekile zezingxoxo zezokufuduka esikhathini esizayo. Ukuyekethisa kwemithetho yokufuduka kwabonisa ukuthi isivumelwano sasingenzeka emalungiselelweni akhethekile, ngisho noma ekugcineni isisekelo esivamile sahluleka ngenxa yokucabangela kwezombangazwe.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ikusasa layo linjani, iBord Act iphawula izindawo eziningi eziyinhloko okudingeka kubhekiswe kuzo, njengokulungisa ngokushesha izikhungo zezikhoselo, ukukhuphula imingcele engokomthetho kwabathile abasengozini, nesidingo esikhulu sokulawula izinselele zamanje eziphumelela ngokwengeziwe emngceleni wethu oseningizimu. Imizamo yokulungisa ikusasa cishe iyokheka ohlelweni olwamiswa ngo - 2024, ngisho noma amalungiselelo athile eshintshwa.

Inselele Yokulinganisela Izinto Eziza Kuqala

Kodwa uma kunikezwa izigxobo, ukusebenza kahle kakhulu akumelwe kudinge ukuba kubekwe amagumbi enqubweni efanele noma ukwamukela izimiso ezivimbela ngokweqile emngceleni.

Inguquko yokufuduka eqinile kumelwe ilinganisele izinhloso eziningi: ukulondoloza ukulondeka komngcele nobukhosi besizwe, ukufeza izibopho zokusiza umphakathi ngaphansi komthetho wasekhaya nowezizwe, ukusekela ukukhula kwezomnotho ngokufuduka okungokomthetho, nokuphatha bonke abantu ngenhlonipho. Ubunzima bokufinyelela lesi simo buchaza ukuthi kungani inguquko ebanzi iye yabonakala inzima kangaka.

Izifundo Ezitholakala Emzamweni Owehluleka Wama - 2024

Ukwehluleka komthetho womngcele ka-2024 kunikeza izifundo eziningana ezibalulekile zemizamo yesikhathi esizayo. Okokuqala, ukuyekethisa kwemithetho yokufuduka kuyenzeka kodwa kudinga ukubeka imithetho yezombangazwe kuqala kwezombangazwe. Izingxoxo zokuqala zabonisa ukuthi abenzi bomthetho abavela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene bangathola isisekelo esifanayo uma begxile ezixazululweni eziphansi.

Okwesibili, ukuhlelwa kwezindaba ezinkulu ezimisweni zokufuduka. Ukuzama izinguquko ezinkulu phakathi nonyaka wokhetho lukamongameli, lapho ukufuduka kuyindaba yomkhankaso omkhulu, kudala izithiyo zezombangazwe ezingenakunqotshwa. Imizamo yesikhathi esizayo ingaba namathemba angcono eminyakeni yokukhetha lapho ukucindezela kwezombangazwe kuncishiswa ngandlela-thile.

Okwesithathu, ukuhola kukamongameli kubo bobabili abantu kubalulekile. Uma umlandeli womongameli emelana ngokuqinile nomthetho oxoxiswa amalungu eqembu lakhe, njengoba uTrump enza ngo-2024, kuba nzima kakhulu ukugcina ukusekela kweqembu lokuhlehla. Izinguquko zesikhathi esizayo ziyodinga ukuba abazothatha isigaba somongameli basekele kunokuba balulaze izingxoxo zokuhlangana.

Okwesine, abaphelele abanakuba isitha sabahle. Abagxeki abathuthukayo nabathatha izinto ngokufanele basola ukuhlehla kwabangu - 2024, baphikisa ngokuthi kwavumelana kakhulu ngakolunye uhlangothi. Nokho, okunye kokuhlehla okungaphelele kwabonakala kuqhubeka futhi kuwohloka kwezimo. Imizamo yesikhathi esizayo kumelwe iqaphele ukuthi ukuyekethisa kuhilela ukwamukela amalungiselelo umuntu ngeke akukhethe ezweni elingcono.

Indlela Engaphambili

Wathi amathuba okuthola ikhambi lomngcele wokhuseleko afana no-"fishane" kuleliqophelo, cishe akekho obonakala efuna ukuxoxa ngalo," wathi. Lokhu kuhlola kokungabi nathemba okwenziwa i-Senator Lankford, omunye wabaholi be-anogator, kwabonisa ukukhungatheka okujulile okwabangelwa yilabo abafaka izinyanga eziningi ekuhleleni ukuhlehliswa ukuze nje babone ukuthi le ngxoxo inqatshiwe ngenxa yezizathu zezombangazwe.

Nokho, izinkinga eziyisisekelo ezabangela umzamo woshintsho wama-2024 azikapheli. Izingcindezi zokufuduka ziyaqhubeka, imiphakathi yomngcele isalwa nemithombo elinganiselwe, isimiso sesikhoselo silokhu siminyene, futhi isimiso sokufuduka sihluleka ukunikeza inzuzo yaseMelika noma izindinganiso zomphakathi ngokuphumelelayo. Lezinselele eziphikelelayo ziyoqhubeka zifuna ukunakekelwa kwenhlangano kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izibalo zezombangazwe zesikhashana.

Imizamo yenguquko yesikhathi esizayo ingaba ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Kunokuba iqonde izici eziningi zenqubo yokufuduka ngesikhathi esisodwa, izindlela zokuhlela eziqondene nezindaba ezithile zingabonakala ziphumelela kakhulu kwezombangazwe. Umthetho ohlolwe okhuluma ngesimiso sezesivikelo, izakhiwo zomngcele, izindlela zokufuduka ezingokomthetho, noma abantu abathile abafana ne-Afghtan evacueee bangase bahe ukusekelwa okukhulu kunezindleko ze-omnibus.

Ngokuhlukile, ukuphatha okulandelayo − kungaba kwakhiwa ngemva kokhetho lwama 2024 noma lwesikhathi esizayo − kungathatha ukuguqulwa kokufuduka njengento ephambili ekuqaleni kwenkathi yayo, lapho inhloko - dolobha yezombangazwe ingaphansi kakhulu kokucindezela kwezombangazwe nokuvota. Umlando ongokomlando usikisela ukuthi izinguquko ezinkulu zenqubo zingenzeka ngonyaka wokuqala noma kabili wesimiso esisha.

Ukuqhathanisa Kwamazwe Ngamazwe Nemikhuba Emihle

Amazwe emhlabeni wonke aye asebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene ekuqondiseni imingcele neziphephelo, enikeza abenzi bezimiso base - United States izifundo ezingase zifundwe.

I-Canada isungule isimiso sokufuduka esisekelwe emakhonweni esibeka iminikelo engokomnotho kuqala kuyilapho ilondoloza isivikelo esiqinile sababaleki. I-Australia iye yathatha inqubo yolwandle yabafuni bezikhoselo abafika ngesikebhe, nakuba lendlela iye yabangela ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngamalungelo abantu. Amazwe aseYurophu aye azama amalungiselelo ashukumisayo okusakaza abafuni bezikhoselo ezikhosela emazweni amaningi, nakuba lemizamo iye yabhekana nokumelana kwezombangazwe.

Amanye amazwe aye anciphisa ngokuphumelelayo ukufuduka okungavamile ngokwandisa izindlela ezingokomthetho nangokusingatha izimbangela ngosizo lwentuthuko nangezivumelwano zokuxhumana.

Izimiso zokufuduka eziphumelela kakhulu zivame ukuhlanganisa izici eziningana: izindlela ezicacile neziphumelelayo ezingokomthetho zezigaba ezihlukahlukene zabafuduki, imithombo eyanele yokulungisa nokufushanisa, imishini ephumelelayo yokuhlanganisa izinqubo, ukusekela abasanda kufika, nokuvumelana kwezombangazwe okusekela isimiso sonke. IUnited States iye yashikashikeka ukuze ifinyelele lezi zici ngesikhathi esisodwa, okuye kwanezela ekungasebenzini okuqhubekayo.

Ukucabangela Izomnotho

Isimiso sokuvimbela ukuhlalisana kunezici ezinkulu ezingokomnotho ngokuvamile ezingatholi ukunakwa okunele ezimpikiswaneni zezombangazwe ezigxile ngokuyinhloko ekulondekeni nasezinkathazweni zokusiza umphakathi. iUnited States ibhekene nokuswelakala kwemisebenzi okukhulu ezingxenyeni eziningi, kusukela kwezolimo kuya kwezobuchwepheshe, ukuthi ukufuduka kungasiza ekukhulumeni.

Abafuduki baneqhaza elikhulu ekukhuleni kwezomnotho ngokudayisa, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukukhokha intela, nokuthenga. Basiza futhi ekubhekaneni nezinselele zokuzala kwamanani abantu njengoba iminyaka yobudala nenani lokuzala lenani labantu abavela kwamanye amazwe lincipha. Nokho, ukuthutheleka ngokushesha kwabafuduki kungacindezela imithombo yemali yendawo kanye nezimakethe zemisebenzi, ikakhulukazi emiphakathini engenazimiso ezanele zokusekela.

Iziphakamiso zenguquko ezingu-2024 zahlanganisa imvume yomsebenzi kwabafuna izikhoselo, beqaphela ukuthi ukuvumela abafuduki ukuba basebenze ngokomthetho kuzuzisa abantu ngabanye kanye nomnotho okhudlwana. Uma abafuduki besebenza ngokomthetho, bakhokha izintela, bazisekele ngaphandle kosizo lomphakathi, futhi banikele ngamakhono abo nokusebenza kanzima emisebenzini ezuzisayo. Ngokuphambene, banqabela amabutho agunyaza umsebenzi ukuba asebenze ngokwethukela noma athembele ekusekeleni abasweleni nokusekela kukahulumeni.

Ukwanda kwezindlela ezingokomthetho zokufuduka ezingokomthetho ngezincwadi ezengeziwe kungasiza ekubhekaneni nezidingo zezisebenzi kuyilapho kunciphisa izisusa zokufuduka okungekho emthethweni. Uma izindlela ezingokomthetho zitholakala futhi ziphumelela, bambalwa abantu abaphendukela ekuthutheleni kwamanye amazwe ngendlela engavamile. Nokho, ukumelana kwezombangazwe nokwandisa ukufuduka okungokomthetho kuhlala kuqinile kulabo ababheka ukufuduka njengosongo lokulondeka kunokuba babheke ithuba elingokwezomnotho.

Ukugqashula Kwamalungelo Abantu

Ngaphandle kokucabangela kwezombangazwe nezomnotho, isimiso sokufuduka siphakamisa imibuzo eyisisekelo mayelana namalungelo abantu nezibopho zokusiza umphakathi. I-United States inezibopho ezisekhona isikhathi eside ngaphansi komthetho wasekhaya nowezizwe zonke ukuze inikeze isivikelo kubabaleki nabafuna isikhoselo ababalekela ushushiso.

I-Eljoni lango-1951 leSivumelwano soMhlangano wababaleki nomthetho waso we-1967, i-United States eyiqembu layo, imisa isimiso sokungaboshelwa ngokomthetho − ukunqatshelwa kokubuyela emazweni lapho abantu bebhekene nezinsongo ekuphileni noma inkululeko. UMthetho we-R80 devier wahlanganisa lezizibopho zezizwe zonke emthethweni wase-U.S., owakha isimiso sokuvikela esafunwa yizinguquko ezingu - 2024.

Abagxeki beziphakamiso ezingu - 2024 baphikisa ngokuthi ukuxoshwa okuphuthumayo kanye neminye imingcele kungaphula lezizibopho zokusiza ngokunqaba isivikelo kubantu abanezikhungo eziqotho. Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi izinguquko zalondoloza ukutholakala kwesivikelo emachwebeni okungena futhi zahlanganisa nezinqubo zokuhlola ukuze kubonwe labo abanezidingo zesivikelo, kanjalo kufeze izibopho zokusiza abantu lapho belawula ukulondeka komngcele.

Imibiko yokuhlukana kwemikhaya, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo okunganele, ukuvinjelwa okungafanele, nokuphulwa kwenqubo okufanelekile kuye kwabangela ukugxekwa kwezinhlangano zamalungelo abantu nezindikimba zamazwe ngamazwe. Iziphakamiso ezingu - 2024 zahlanganisa amalungiselelo ahloselwe ukuthuthukisa izimo nokuqondisa, kodwa abagxeki bawaphikisa ngokuthi awanele.

Izingane ezingenazibopho zinikeza izinselele ezinkulu kakhulu zokusiza umphakathi. Umthetho ka-2024 wawuhlanganisa amalungiselelo abameli ababoshwe uhulumeni bezingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-14 ubudala, beqaphela ukuthi izingane azikwazi ukukwazi ukuthatha uhambo olunzima lokufuduka ngaphandle kosizo olungokomthetho. Nokho, leli lungiselelo labangela impikiswano, abaphikisi ababephikisana nayo badala inzuzo engenabulungisa ezakhamuzini zase-U.S. eziphethe izindaba zomphakathi.

Ubuchwepheshe Nokubuyiselwa Kokuphatha Umngcele

Izihlongozo zenguquko ezingu-2024 zagcizelela amakhambi obuchwepheshe ezinkinga zokuphepha, okubonisa ukuthi imingcele yekhulu lama-21 idinga amathuluzi esimanje. Izimiso eziphambili zokuhlola isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ukuhlukanisa isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, ukuhlakanipha kokuzenzela ukuze kuhlolwe futhi kuhlolwe izingozi, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukwaziswa okukhona phakathi kwezinkampani zonke ezikhona kulolu shintsho oluhlongozwayo.

Ubuchwepheshe bunikeza izinzuzo ezingenzeka kunezindlela ezingokwesiko zokuqinisekisa. Izimiso zokuhlola zingahlola indawo enkulu emngceleni ngokunempumelelo kakhulu kunezindawo ezingokoqobo ezigadayo. Izimiso ze-biometics zingakuqinisekisa ngokushesha ukuqamba nokuphamba nokungaboni ukukhohlisa. Imishini yokwaziswa ingabona izindlela nezingozi izikhulu ezingabantu ezingase zilahlekelwe. Nokho, ubuchwepheshe buphakamisa futhi ukwahlulela komuntu ngasese futhi bungathathe indawo yezahlulelo ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga ukuqonda nozwela.

Izihlongozo zobuchwepheshe obungcono bokuthola izidakamizwa zakhuluma ngenye yezinkinga ezicindezela kakhulu zokuphepha emngceleni. I-fentanyl kanye namanye ama-opioid awenziweyo aye abhubhisa imiphakathi yaseMelika, futhi imithi eminingi engekho emthethweni ingena ngamatheku okungena ngemoto nangemithwalo. Ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukile bokuhlola izimoto bungahlola ngokushesha ngaphandle kokubangela ukuba kube nokwephuza kakhulu ukuvimbela ukuxhumana kuyilapho ukuhweba nokuhamba okusemthethweni kuthuthukisa ukuhweba okusemthethweni.

Nokho, ubuchwepheshe buphumelela kuphela njengoba izimiso nezisebenzi zibusebenzisa. Ngaphandle kokuqeqeshwa ngokwanele, ukunakekelwa, nokuhlanganiswa namasu abanzi okuqinisekisa, ukutshala imali kungahluleka ukuletha izinzuzo ezilindelekile. Iziphakamiso ezingu-2024 zakuqaphela lokhu ngokuhlela ukutshala izimali ngezisebenzi ngokushintsha izimfuneko zokuqeqesha.

Imibuso Nendima Yendawo Ekufudukeni

Nakuba inqubo yokuthutha ngokuyinhloko iwumthwalo wemfanelo kahulumeni, ohulumeni bezwe nohulumeni bendawo banendima enkulu ekufezeni nasekuqinisisweni. Izimpikiswano ezingu-2024 zaqokomisa ukungezwani phakathi kwemithetho kahulumeni nezenzo zikahulumeni, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nezindawo ezingcwele kanye nemizamo yokugcinwa kwesilinganiso sikahulumeni.

Izimiso zobungcwele, ezilinganisela ukubambisana kwendawo nokugcinwa kwezokufuduka kukahulumeni, ziye zanda emadolobheni nasezindaweni ezisezweni. Abasekeli baphikisa ukuthi lezi zinqubo zakha ukwethembana phakathi kwezindawo zabafuduki nomthetho wendawo, okwenza imiphakathi iphephe ngokukhuthaza ukubikwa kobugebengu nokubambisana. Abaphikisi baphikisa ngokuthi imithetho yendlu engcwele ilulaza ukugcinwa kwamandla kahulumeni futhi ivikela izigebengu eziyingozi ekudingisweni.

Iziphakamiso ezingu-2024 zahlanganisa ukuxhasa ngemali abagxeki ababephikisana ngayo ukuthi kuyogeleza ezindaweni ezingcwele, kubangele ukuphikiswa kwalabo abakholelwa ukuthi imibuso enjalo kufanele ingabi nakwethenjelwa ezivumelwaneni ezihlobene nokufuduka zikahulumeni. Le mpikiswano iveza ukungezwani okukhulu mayelana ne-construnist kanye nokulingana okufanele phakathi kwegunya likahulumeni nenkululeko yombuso ezindabeni zokufuduka.

Ezinye izifundazwe ziye zathatha izinyathelo zonya zokuphoqelela ukugcinwa kwamaphoyisa, kuhlanganise nokuthumela amabutho esizwe emngceleni, ukwakha izithiyo eziphakanyiswe uhulumeni, nokuthumela abafuduki kwezinye izifunda. Lezizenzo zikahulumeni ziye zabangela izinselele zomthetho nezingxabano zezombangazwe, ziphakamisa imibuzo ngemingcele yegunya likahulumeni endaweni yomthwalo wemfanelo kahulumeni.

Isimiso sokuthutha esiphumelelayo sidinga ukubambisana phakathi kukahulumeni kahulumeni, nohulumeni bendawo. Izihlongozo ezingu - 2024 zahlanganisa ukuxhasa ukusekela izinkonzo zikahulumeni nezohulumeni bendawo ukuze basekele izinkonzo zabafuduki nokuhlangana, beqaphela ukuthi lemibuso inezindleko ezinkulu ezihlobene nokufuduka. Nokho, ukuhlukana kwezombangazwe kuye kwenza ukuba kube nzima ukufinyelela lokho kubambisana.

Isiphetho: Inselele Eqhubekayo Yokuguquka

Imizamo yokulungisa imingcele engu-2024 yabonisa umzamo omkhulu wokusingatha enye yemithetho ephikelelayo nehlukanisayo yaseMelika. Naphezu kwezinyanga ezithathu zezingxoxo ze-bipartis kanye neqoqo elibanzi elisingatha izici eziningi zokhuseleko lomngcele kanye nokuphathwa kwezindawo zokufuduka, lezi ziphakamiso zahluleka ekugcineni ngenxa yokucabangela kwezombangazwe okwaqeda izingxoxo zezimiso ezingaphansi kwesimiso.

Ukwehluleka kwalezi zinguquko akuzinciphisi izinkinga eziyisisekelo ababefuna ukuxazulula. Amazinga okufuduka agciniwe, izimiso zokuhlola ezikhungathekile, izikhungo ezinkulu zezehlakalo, imiphakathi ebhekene nemingcele entengantengayo, nesimiso sokufuduka esihlukene namaqiniso ezomnotho nezenhlalakahle konke kuyaphikelela. Lezinselele zizoqhubeka zifuna ukunakwa nokuthatha isinyathelo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunezikhawu zesikhashana zezombangazwe.

Izenzakalo zango 2024 zinikeza izifundo ezibalulekile zemizamo yokulungisa esikhathini esizayo. Ukuyekethisa kweBharpitan kuyenzeka kodwa kudinga ukuba kubekwe intando yezombangazwe enqubeni ephambili kwezombangazwe. Izindaba, lapho iminyaka yokukhetha inikeza izimo ezinzima kakhulu zomthetho wempikiswano. Ukuhola komongameli kuzo zombili izigaba kubalulekile, njengoba ukuphikisa kwabazonomongameli kungaqeda ngisho nokuxoxisana ngokucophelela. Futhi ukuphelela akunakwenzeka ukuba isitha sokuhle, okungokoqobo kuhlanganisa ukwamukela ilungiselelo elingakhethanga lilodwa.

Ukubheka phambili, inguquko yokufuduka ingathatha izindlela ezihlukene kunesethulo esibanzi sango-2024. Izimo ezihlolwayo eziqondene nezindaba ezithile zingabonakala ziphumelela kakhulu kwezombangazwe kunomthetho we-omnibus. Okanye, ukuphatha okusha kungamisa izinguquko zokufuduka ekuqaleni kwenkathi lapho inhloko - dolobha yezombangazwe iphakeme kakhulu. Izenzo zokuqondisa ziyoqhubeka zifeza indima ethile, nakuba zingenakho ukuhlala njalo nemithombo enikezwa umthetho.

Ekugcineni, izinguquko ezishiyekayo zokufuduka kumelwe zilinganisele izinhloso eziningi: ukulondoloza ukulondeka komngcele nobukhosi besizwe, ukufeza izibopho zokusiza abantu, ukusekela ukukhula kwezomnotho, nokuphatha bonke abantu ngesizo esihloniphekile. Ukufinyelela lokhu kulinganisela kudinga ukunyakazisa ngaphandle kwamakhomba okukhuluma kabanzi ukuze uhlanganyele ngokungathi kunezici eziyinkimbinkimbi zokufuduka kwama-21. Imizamo yenguquko, naphezu kokuhluleka kwayo, yabonisa ukuthi ukuthembisa okunjalo kungenzeka. Uma imizamo yesikhathi esizayo izophumelela lapho u-2024 uhluleka kusalokhu ubonakala, kodwa isidingo senguquko siyakhula ngokushesha ngokwengeziwe ngonyaka ngamunye odlulayo.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngenkambiso yokufuduka nokhuseleko lomngcele, vakashela i- ITreade of Homeland Security, U.S.i-Paratigation Services[[[FLT:]], i-[FLT]3], i-IMFLT]U.S. Isivikelo sobukhazimbha ne-Bowule[FLT], i-ISC. i-IMFLTY [[FLT:]', noma i-IGUMT][FLT][FLT][FLT][FLT]][FLT]]