Table of Contents

Ukuphathwa kwe-Congress yezinhlangano zikahulumeni kumelela enye yemithwalo yemfanelo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-United States Congress, esebenza njengesehlo esibucayi mayelana namandla aphethe futhi iqinisekisa ukuthi lowo hulumeni usebenza kahle, ngokusobala, nangokuvumelana nomthetho. Le nqubo ebanzi ihlanganisa ukuhlola, ukuhlola, nokuthonya imisebenzi yezinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuze ziqiniseke ukuthi zivumelana nenhloso yomthetho futhi zifeze isithakazelo somphakathi. Ukuqonda indlela ukuqondisa kwenhlangano kusebenza ngayo, izinqubo zayo ezihlukahlukene, kanye nemiphumela yayo yangempela kunikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile esimisweni se-America se-checkss and regide.

Iyini Indikimba Yebandla?

Ukwengamela kwe-Congress kungachazwa njengokubukeza, ukuqondisa, nokuqondisa kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni, izinhlelo, imisebenzi, nokusetshenziswa kwezimiso. Lencazelo ihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingi yomthetho futhi ayihlanganisi umsebenzi wokwengamela izinjongo ezithile, imigomo, noma amasu. I-Congress ihlanganyela ekuqondiseni igatsha eliphethe ngokubukeza, ngokuhlola, nangokuqondisa ukumiswa kwenqubo yomphakathi.

Ukuphatha kuyisici esisikiselwayo kunokuba kube amandla avezwayo ngaphansi koMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S., njengoba umthetho kahulumeni ongaliniki ngokuqondile igunya lokuqhuba uMkhandlu lokubuza noma ukuphenya kwesikhulu, ukuba ube nemibhalo noma izinto ezigcinwe umphathi, noma ukukhipha amapenanti amaphepha noma ubufakazi obuvela kumphathi. Naphezu kwalokho, ukuqondisa negunya lakhe eliyisikhonzi kwabonwa njengegunya eliyifa lemihlangano emelelayo eyamisa umthetho wasobala.

Isisekelo sefilosofi sobubonisi yisimiso somthetho-sisekelo sokuhlola nokulinganisela phakathi kwesishaya-mthetho, isikhulu, nejaji. Lesimiso siqinisekisa ukuthi alikho igatsha likahulumeni elinamandla kakhulu nokuthi igatsha ngalinye lingabheka abanye njengelizolandisa ngezenzo zabo.

Isisekelo Esingokomlando Sokuqondisa Komphakathi

ICongress yokuqala yamisa lezizindlela zobubonisi ngokuhlola okukhethekile, ukubika izimfuneko, nokusetshenziswa kwenqubo yokuhlola iziphathimandla eziphethe. Emakhulwini angaphezu kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka, lezizimiso zobubonisi ziye zashintsha futhi zanwetshwa ukuze zihlangabezane nobunkimbinkimbi obukhulayo bukahulumeni.

Ukwengamela kwe-Congress yezinhlangano zikahulumeni kuyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokushaya umthetho, futhi kusukela ngasekupheleni kwawo - 1700, ukuqondisa nokuhlola kuye kwathuthukisa ukulandisa nohulumeni kahulumeni futhi kuye kwaholela ekuthuthukisweni kwezimiso ezinkulu. Lomlando omude ubonisa ukuthi ukuqondisa akulona nje ithuluzi lezombangazwe lesimanje kodwa kunalokho kuyisici esiyisisekelo sendlela imibuso yentando yeningi yaseMelika esebenza ngayo.

Ukubaluleka kobubonisi kuye kwaqashelwa izazi zezezombangazwe kuwo wonke umlando. UJohn Stuart Mill, isazi sefilosofi saseBrithani, wagcizelela ukuthi ukwengamela kwakuyisici esiyinhloko sendikimba ewummeleli onengqondo: "Isikhundla esifanele somhlangano omelele siwukuqapha nokulawula uhulumeni". Ngokufanayo, njengesazi esisha, uWoodrow Wilson ulingana nokwengamela ukumiswa komthetho, ngokuvamile okwakubhekwa njengomsebenzi ophakeme wendlu yomthetho, ukubhala, "Njengamele njengomthetho obalulekile njengongameleli oqaphileyo wesimiso sokuphatha".

Isimiso Sekomiti Yobumbano

AmaKomiti asebenza njengesimiso esiyinhloko sokuhlela lapho uMkhandlu uqhuba imithwalo yawo yemfanelo yokuqondisa, ikomiti ngayinye iphethe izinhlangano ezithile, izinhlelo, noma izindawo ezithile.

Amakomiti Amile Nezindima Zawo Zokuphatha

Amakomiti amile angamakomiti ahlala njalo aqhubeka kusukela kwenye i-Congress kuya kwenye. Lamakomiti anemithwalo yemfanelo ekhethekile futhi aqhuba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi wobuphathi be-commission. Ukubukezwa okuningi nokuhlola okuqhubekayo, ukuqashwa, nokuqondisa kwenzeka kwezinye imisebenzi yenhlangano, kanye nakweminye imikhakha yokuqulwa kwemithetho yezinhlangano kanye nokugunyazwa kwezinhlelo ezikhona kubaluleke kakhulu.

I-House Government Reform Reformation Committee ne-Hulumeni Government Government Committee, ephethe cishe wonke uhulumeni kahulumeni, futhi igunyazwe ukubukeza nokuhlola ukusebenza kwemisebenzi kahulumeni ukuze kuhlolwe izomnotho nempumelelo yayo nokukwazi ukunikeza ukutusa okusekelwe kwimibiko ye-GAO. IKomiti yendlu yoMnyango we-Oversingle ne-Hulumeni inegunya elikhulu kakhulu. Inkulumo yayo iwukuqinisekisa impumelelo, ukuphumelela, nokulandisa ngohulumeni ophethe kanye nazo zonke izinhlangano zawo, inikeza i-ehlolo nokulinganisela kwendima ngokomthetho namandla eWashington - message nezwi kubantu abayikhonzayo.

Khetha Amakomiti Akhethekile

Eminye imisebenzi yokuqondisa esakazwa kakhulu ivela kancane ngokukhetha amakomiti angene emahlazweni amakhulu noma eminyangweni yegatsha elikhulu, enemibuzo yesikhashana e-komiti ekhethiwe ehlanganisa nokuthola kwe-China izikhali zenuzi ngo-1999, i-Iran-Cintra impikiswano yonyaka ka-1975, ukuxhashazwa kwenhlangano yokuhlakanipha ngo-1976, kanye nehlazo le-Watergate. Nakuba lokhu kuhlola okuphezulu kwe-profect kudonsa umphakathi, imizamo ebonakala kakhulu ekhona ibalulekile kodwa ngokuvamile ibonisa inxenye encane yengqikithi yekhono lobungameli leNgqungquthela.

Amandla Amakomiti Nokulinganiselwa

Nokho, amalungu azimele namalungu ngamanye (ngaphandle kwezihlalo zekomiti) awagunyaziwe ngemithetho yokumisa ukuqulwa kwezindaba noma uphenyo noma ukuphakanyiswa kwekomiti engokomthetho, amalungu ngamanye angase afune ukubambisana kokuzithandela nezikhulu zezinhlangano noma abantu abangabodwa futhi anakekele ngokwawo, nakuba lemisebenzi ingase ibe nzima ngokwengeziwe ngaphandle kwemibuso ephoqelelwe yekomiti.

Izindlela Nobuchwepheshe Bokuqondisa Izishaya - mthetho

Namuhla, ukuqondisa kwenhlangano kungavela cishe kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi womthetho nangamaqembu ahlukahlukene, izinhlangano, nezakhiwo, nemisebenzi esukela ekuqulweni kwekomiti noma ekuthintaneni okuvamile nezikhulu eziphethe; kusukela ekuhloleni kwezisebenzi kuya ekusekeleni ukubukeza okuqhubekayo; futhi kusukela ekuqulweni kwezehlulelo okuqhutshwa amahhovisi e - Alungu ukuya ezifundweni ezilungiselelwe izinhlangano ezingalwi nezikade zisebenza.

Ukuqulwa Kwecala Lebandla

Icala le-Congress limelela elinye lamathuluzi abonakalayo kakhulu nanamandla akhona awezongamele amaKhomishane. Phakathi nokuqulwa kwecala, amalungu amakomiti abuza izikhulu zezinhlangano, ochwepheshe bezindaba, nabanye ofakazi abafungela imisebenzi yezinhlangano, ukumiswa kwezimiso, nokulandelwa kwemithetho. La macala afeza izinjongo eziningi: aqoqa ukwaziswa, afundisa amalungu nomphakathi, abaphathi bemibuthano yokushaya izimpawu, futhi abeke izikhulu icala ngezenzo zabo.

Izindlebe zingahlukaniswa ngezinhlobo eziningana, kuhlanganise nezincwadi ezigunyaza ukuzwa ezikhona manje futhi zicabangele ukuthi kufanele ziqhutshekiswe noma zilungiswe, ukuzwa kwezicelo zezinhlangano ezihlola izimali nokusebenzisa kwazo, ukuzwa kokucwaninga okuphenya izindaba ezithile noma izinsolo zobubi, nokuzwa okuqondisa ukusebenza kwezinhlangano.

Ukucwaninga Nezinhlayiya

Ukuphathwa kwe-Congregary nophengululo kungaba yisimemezelo, ikakhulukazi lapho isigqebhezana esihlosiwe − noma umuntu ozimele, inhlangano, noma inhlangano yegatsha eliphethe − ithumela ukwaziswa okuthathwa yi-Congress ekuphenyeni kwayo. UKhongolo-kahulumeni lunezinto eziningi ezidingekayo ukuze luthole ukwaziswa ngezingxoxo nokuphoqelela ukuvumelana namakomiti angaphansi.

Uma izinhlangano noma abantu benqaba ukubambisana nezicelo zomphakathi, iSishaya - mthetho singaba nezimiso zokuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokushaya umthetho ikhona.ISishaya - mthetho singase sifune ukuba umuntu ngamunye amangalelwe ngokungemthetho ngenxa yokungahambisani nomthetho wesigebengu ngendelelo yomthetho, noma singase sifune isinqumo senkantolo kahulumeni esimemezela ukuthi lowo muntu omangalelwayo ubophekile ngokomthetho ukuba avumelane nesimiso sokuphonsa umthetho.

Inqubo Yokufuna Ukusabela

Amandla esikhwama amelela elinye lamathuluzi omqondisi ophawuleka kakhulu weSishaya-mthetho. Amalungu oMkhandlu angasebenzisa inqubo yokuhlela imali ukuze ahlanganise uhlelo oluza kuqala nezingatshazwayo zemali emali emalini yezwe futhi afake izinhlelo ezingafiseleki kakhulu ukuze kuqedwe ezinye ezithandwayo. Ngenqubo yokuhloba, uMkhandlu ungavuza izinhlangano eziphumelelayo ngokusekela imali ekhuphukile, ukujezisa ukusebenza kabi kohlelo, noma ukubeka izimo ezithile eziqondene nendlela imali engasetshenziswa ngayo.

ICongregational Bal Bal and Impoundment Control Act ka 1974, njengoba ilungiswe, yathuthukisa ikhono legatsha lemithetho lokuhlela uhlelo lwemali kahulumeni, futhi lesisenzo siye saba nemiphumela emikhulu ekwakheni izinhlangano ezintathu ezintsha: iKomiti yeSigele ekuHlanzeni Imali, iKomiti yendlu yoHlanzeko, neCBO.

Ukugunyazwa Nokubuyiswa Kwabantu

Izimiso ezigunyazayo ziyizindlela zomthetho ezimisa, ziqhubeke, noma zilungise uhlelo, noma umsebenzi ngesisekelo esihlala njalo, saminyaka yonke, noma iminyaka eminingi, futhi izinyathelo ezinjalo zingaba nezilawuli ze-state ezihlela iziqondiso ezicacile, kanye nokulawula okungagunyaziwe okubekwe amakomiti. Inqubo yokuphinda ibhalwe i-commentation inikeza iSivumelo amathuba avamile okuhlola ukusebenza kwezinhlangano, ukulungisa iziphathimandla zenhlangano, nokubeka izimfuneko ezintsha noma imingcele.

Ukuhlola Uhlelo Nokuhlola Umsebenzi

Ukuhlolwa kohlelo lokusebenza kuseyinqubo elungisayo yokuqondisa, ngohlelo lwanamuhla lokuhlola ngokusebenzisa isayensi yezenhlalo kanye nezindlela zokulawula inqubo − njengokuhlola, ukuhlola okubizayo, kanye nokuhlola ukusebenza kwezinhlelo eziqhubekayo, futhi ukwaziswa okuphathelene nohlelo kungaba usizo kuKhomishane njengoba yenza izinqumo mayelana nohlelo lwezinhlelo zikahulumeni kanye nemali ezosetshenziswa.

Ukubika Izimfuneko

Ngokuvamile iSishaya - mthetho sidinga izinhlangano ukuba zinikeze imibiko evamile ngemisebenzi yazo, imisebenzi yazo, nokuvumelana nezimfuneko ezingokomthetho. Lezi zimfuneko ezibikayo zidala izinqubo eziqhubekayo zokulandisa futhi zinikeze uMkhandlu ukwaziswa okuhleliwe ngemisebenzi yezinhlangano ngaphandle kokufuna ukuba kuhlolwe ngenkuthalo.

Isinyathelo Sokubukeza Senhlangano

ICongressional Review Act (CRA) inikeza uMkhandlu ithuba lokubukeza futhi ngokunokwenzeka ungayivumeli imithetho, kwezinye izimo, ngaphambi kokuba iphumelele.

Ihhovisi lokulandisa likahulumeni: Ukuhlolwa komthetho wombuso

I - United States General Accounting Office (GAO) iyinhlangano ezimele, engochwepheshe, engenayo i - partisan egatsheni lemithetho ngokuvamile elibizwa ngokuthi ingalo yophenya yeSishaya - mthetho, futhi i - GAO eMthethweni Wokulondoloza Imali noMkhandlu ka - 1921 ukuze isize ekukhululweni kwemibuso yayo eyisisekelo engokomthetho - sisekelo - sisekelo - sisekelo; amandla okuhlola nokwengamela imisebenzi yegatsha eliphethe, amandla okulawula ukusetshenziswa kwezimali zikahulumeni, namandla okwenza imithetho.

I-Governmentability Office (GAO) iyinxusa likahulumeni kahulumeni we-U.S. elibika kuKhongolo nakumali ekweletini ngokwayo njengezimeleyo nengenayo i-partisan, elasungulwa ngo-1921 njenge-General Accounting Office futhi laqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi i-Roffice Accounting Office (GAO) ngo-2004. Laziwa futhi ngokuthi "i-Conferaligational sordount".

Umtapo womtholalwazi weGAO's core

IGAO inikeza ukwaziswa okusekelwe eqinisweni, okungasekelwe eqenjini futhi ngokuvamile kubizwa ngokuthi "i-"conrevetional deving," njengoba i-GAO ihlola ukusetshenziswa nokusebenza kombuso. Isekela ukuqondisa kwenhlangano ngo: ukuhlola imisebenzi yezimali zikahulumeni ukuze kuhlolwe ukuthi izimali zisetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo yini ngokuphumelelayo nangokuphumelelayo; ukuhlola izikhalo zemisebenzi engekho emthethweni nengafanelekile; ukubika ukuthi izinhlelo zikahulumeni nezimiso zihlangabezana kanjani nezinhloso zazo; ukwenza izinqubo zokuhlela nokumisa izindlela zokuhlela ukuhlelwa kwenhlangano.

Ngokwenkulumo yeGAO yamanje, lenhlangano ikhona ukuze isekele iSishaya-mthetho ekufezeni imithwalo yaso yemfanelo yomthetho-sisekelo futhi isize ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza nokuqinisekisa ukulandisa kukahulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni ukuze kuzuze abantu baseMelika.

Indlela I - GAO Ewenza Ngayo Umsebenzi Wayo

Umsebenzi weGAO wenziwe ngesicelo samakomiti ombuso noma amakomiti angaphansi noma ugunyazwe imithetho yomphakathi noma imibiko yamakomiti, futhi uthatha ukucwaninga ngaphansi kwegunya le-Comptorroller General. Lesi sakhiwo siqinisekisa ukuthi umsebenzi ka GAO usebenzela ngokuqondile ukuqondisa izingqungquthela ezidingayo kuyilapho ukulondoloza ukuzimela ekucindezeleni kwezombangazwe.

Enye yemisebenzi yeGAO ukuhlola izinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuze zinikeze ukulandisa okubalulekile nokubonakala ngezinhlelo zikahulumeni, futhi zinikeze nezindlela ezingcono kakhulu. Ababali bezibalo abagcini nje ngokuhlola imali, kodwa bahileleke nasezinhlabeni eziningi zokuhlola umsebenzi.

Umphumela nokubaluleka kweGAO

Umlando weGAO weminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu uyimpumelelo iyonke, isilinganiso senzuzo yomkhiqizo kaR52 ngawo wonke amaR1, futhi njenge-fiscaldog kaKhongolose, i-GAO iye yathola amakhulu ezigidi zezigidi zamaRandi egcinwe kanye namathuba okunciphisa ukuvota nokungaphathi kahle. Lokhu kubuya okuphawulekayo ekuthengeni imali kubonisa ukubaluleka kokuqondisa okuwusizo.

IMININGO yeGAO ivame ukuqokomisa ubuthakathaka noma ukuswela kwezinhlelo zezinhlangano nezindlela zokuthatha isinyathelo, kuhlanganise nokuphumelela (noma ukuhluleka ukufinyelela) intuthuko noma izinhloso ezisungulwe ukuthatha izinyathelo zikahulumeni eziphoqelelwe emhlabeni wonke, futhi izinhlangano noma imibiko kahulumeni ehlangene ingase iphawule izinsongo, ukuwohloka, imithombo yezingozi, noma ukwaziswa okuwusizo kubaphathi bezinhlelo ezifaka izingozi, abaphathi besimiso, nezisebenzi zezokwaziswa.

Indima yeGAO ekuqondiseni

Izinqumo zomthetho we-GAO zihlola izinqumo zegatsha eliphethe ukusetshenziswa kwemali ngesicelo soMkhandlu nezinhlangano ngokwazo, kanye nezokuqala kweGAO, ezindabeni ezisukela ezindabeni ezincane zokuzilanda kuya ezindabeni ezingokokubaluleka okukhulu kwezombangazwe. I-GAO ifeza indima eyinhloko ekuhloleni ukusetshenziswa kwemali kamongameli, nezinqumo ezibonisa ukukhushulwa okukhuphukayo nokungacwaswa yi-gayo.

Abahloli Abavamile: Izinja ezigade ngaphakathi

Umsebenzi wokwengamela i - Congress uvame ukuzuza ekuhloleni nasekuhloleni ezinye izikhulu zikahulumeni kahulumeni, kuhlanganise nabahloli - jikelele ne - Government Accounting Office (GAO), enemithetho eqondile evela eSishaya - mthetho yokukhuluma nodoti, ukukhwabanisa, nokuxhaphaza ezinhlanganweni.

I-Inspecter General (IGs) izikhulu ezizimele ezibekwe phakathi kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni ukuba ziqhube ama-auncil nokuhlola izinhlelo zezinhlangano nemisebenzi. Ukuqondisa kwe-Congregational kuhilela amanxusa ama-authoramend nakuba isimiso sekomiti kanye nokusekela kwezinhlangano eziningi zikahulumeni namahhovisi, kuhlanganise ne-Council of the Inspecters General on Heisorder and Ebserverfize (CIE), i-Hofisi yoButho noHlolo (OM), i-RBB), i-Roundation Auntacy Authority Office (GAO), i-Roundation Aurageragenalment Services (CRS), ne-Congvation Office (CO).

Nakuba ama-IG abekwe phakathi kwezinhlangano zamagatsha eziphethe, alondoloza ukuzimela kubaphathi bezinhlangano futhi abikela kokubili iziphathi zezinhlangano nakuKhomishane. Lesi simiso sokubika okumbaxambili siqinisekisa ukuthi uMkhandlu uthola ukwaziswa ngezinkinga zezinhlangano ngisho nalapho abaholi bezinhlangano bekhetha ukugcina ukwaziswa okunjalo ngaphakathi. IGs ihlola ukuhlolwa kwezindawo, ukuhlola okubonisa udoti, ukukhwabanisa, ukuxhaphaza, nokuphatha kabi, ukunikeza iSishaya-ngqungquthela ukwaziswa okuningi ngemisebenzi yezinhlangano zezinhlangano ezisekelwe ngaphakathi.

Izinjongo Nemigomo Yokuqondisa Izishaya - mthetho

Ukuqonda lezi zinjongo kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani ukuqondisa kuseyisici esibaluleke kangaka esimisweni sikahulumeni waseMelika.

Izinjongo Zezinhlangano

Izinjongo zezinhlangano zihlanganisa ukuhlola amandla egatsha eliphethe, ukuhlola indlela umthetho osetshenziswa ngayo, nokwazisa iSishaya - mthetho nomphakathi, futhi lezizinjongo zingase zifanele ukushiwo ngokukhethekile ngoba zisiza ekuvikeleni amalungelo enhlangano futhi ziqinise ikhono lomphakathi waseMelika lokuhlola imisebenzi nezenzo zokubusa.

Abahlaziyi abaningi, abahlaziyi bezimiso zomphakathi, nabashaya imithetho bathi omongameli nezikhulu eziphethe bangase bayishaye indiva noma bayithathe kabi injongo yokuhlela. Ukuqondisa kunikeza uMkhandlu indlela yokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlangano zisebenzisa imithetho njengeMikhandlu ehlosiwe futhi zilungise lapho izinhlangano ziphambuka ezinhloso yokushaya umthetho.

Izinjongo Zezombangazwe

Izinjongo zezombangazwe zihlanganisa ukusakaza kahle abamisi-mthetho, ukuzuza ukusekela kokhetho kwabahleli namaqembu angaphandle, nokuphikisa ukugxekwa kwezinhlelo ezithandwayo noma izinhlangano, futhi ukuqondisa kwenzeka emongweni wezombangazwe oqhubekayo lapho ubuhlobo boMkhandlu nezinhlangano zokuphatha bungasuka ekubambisanani kuya ezimpikiswaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona izingxabano eziyisisekelo zomthetho-mthetho-sisekelo kanye noMongameli ngisho naphakathi kwezikhathi zikahulumeni onobunye.

Nakuba abanye abagxeki bebheka izisusa zezombangazwe zokwengamela njengeziyinkinga, empeleni izisusa zezombangazwe zingathuthukisa ukuphumelela kokwengamela ngokukhuthaza amalungu ukuba ahlole izindaba ezithinta abawasekelayo futhi akhiphe izinkinga zikahulumeni ebezingase zihlale zifihlekile.

Ukulandisa nokubona ngale

Ukuvelela kukhuthaza ukulandisa ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi izikhulu zezinhlangano ziyazi ukuthi izenzo zazo zizohlolwa nokuthi zingase zibizwe ukuba zichaze futhi zithethelele izinqumo zazo. Lokhu kulandisa kudlulela ngalé kwezikhulu ngazinye kuzo zonke izinhlangano nezinhlelo, kudala izisusa zokuqondisa okuphumelelayo nokungokomthetho.

Ukubona ngaphaya kwangaphandle kumelela omunye umgomo obalulekile wobungameli. Ngokuphatha ukuqulwa kwamacala omphakathi, ukunyathelisa imibiko, nokufuna ukuba izinhlangano zembule ukwaziswa, iSishaya - mthetho sisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi abantu baseMelika bangaqonda ukuthi uhulumeni wabo usebenza kanjani nokuthi ukhokha kanjani imali ekhokhwayo. Lokhu kunikeza impikiswano yomphakathi enikezwa ulwazi ngezimiso zikahulumeni kanye nezakhamuzi ezinika amandla okugcina abameleli bazo benecala.

Ukuthuthukisa Indlela Uhulumeni Osebenza Ngayo

Ngaphandle kokulandisa nokubona, ukuqondisa kuhloselwe ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwangempela kwezinhlangano zikahulumeni nezinhlelo. Ngokuthola izinkinga, ukutusa amakhambi, nokulandela ukumiswa, uMkhandlu ungasiza izinhlangano ukuba ziphumelele, ziphumelele futhi zisabelele ezidingweni zomphakathi.

Ithonya Nemiphumela Yokubuswa Kwezishaya - mthetho

Ukwengamela i - Congress kuveza imiphumela esobala ethinta indlela uhulumeni osebenza ngayo nendlela imithombo yengcebo esetshenziswa ngayo.

Izinguquko Zemithetho Nezinguquko Ezingokomthetho

Ukugada kuvame ukuholela ekwakheni umthetho omusha osingatha izinkinga ezicatshangelwe ngokuhlola nangokuzwa. Uma ukuqondisa kwembula ukuthi imithetho ekhona ayisenelisiwe, ayicacile, noma iyagwenywa, iSishaya-mthetho singamisa umthetho omusha ezimweni ezicini zokuphunyuka, ezicacisweyo, noma ezisungulweni ezintsha. Lezinguquko zemithetho zimelela enye yezindlela eziqondile zokuqondisa eziguqulela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kukahulumeni.

Ngokwesibonelo, kuyi-1980 Congress yamisa ukuqondisa kwe-EPA okunemininingwane ebanzi kwe-Evironmental Protection Agency yase-U.S. ngokusebenzisa izinqubo eziseceleni ukuze kulinganiswe ukubusa. Lokhu kubonisa indlela ukuqapha okungaholela ngayo ezimfunekweni eziqondile zomthetho ezicindezela ukuqapha kwezinhlangano nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zivumelana ngokuseduze nenhloso yokuhlela.

Ukuqapha Ngokubona Kwangaphandle Nabantu

Ngokubuza izikhulu eziphethe futhi zikhiphe imibiko eminingi yomphakathi, uMkhandlu ufundisa umphakathi ngendlela uhulumeni asebenza ngayo naziphi izinkinga ezikhona. Lokhu kwaziswa okukhudlwana kwenza ukuba kube nempikiswano yomphakathi enolwazi oluthé xaxa futhi kusize izakhamuzi ziqonde ukuthi amaRandi azo entela asetshenziswa kanjani.

Izindaba ezicophelelayo zemisebenzi yokuqondisa ephezulu ziveza lomphumela wokubona kahle, ziletha uhulumeni embonweni womphakathi futhi zakha ukucindezela kwenguquko. Ngisho noma ukuqondisa kungaholeli ezinguquko ezisheshayo zemithetho, ukunakekela komphakathi okulethayo kungashukumisela izinhlangano ukuba zithuthukise ukusebenza kwazo ngokuzithandela.

Ukwaneliseka Nokuphumelela Kwama - agency Okuthuthukisiwe

Ulwazi olubukwa yiKhongolose ludala izisusa eziqhubekayo zokuba izinhlangano zisebenze kahle futhi ngokuphumelelayo. Izikhulu ze-arhente ziyaqonda ukuthi ukusebenza kabi, ukuchitha imali, noma ukwephula umthetho kungaphumela ekulahlweni okudumazayo, ekunqandweni kwemali, noma ekuvinjweni kwemithetho emisha. Lokhu kuhlola okulindelekile. Izinhlangano ezenzayo ukuze zigweme ukuhlolwa kwenhlangano.

Imibiko yeGAO nokutusa kunikeza izinhlangano isiqondiso esiqondile ngendlela yokuthuthukisa imisebenzi yazo.Izinhlangano eziningi zisebenzisa ukutusa kwe - GAO ngokuzithandela ngisho noma kungagunyaziwe izinhlangano, ziqaphela ukuthi lokhu kutuswa kumelela imikhuba emihle kakhulu nokuthi ukusetshenziswa kwayo kungase kusize ekugwemeni izinkinga zobungameli zesikhathi esizayo.

Ukuthola Nokulungisa Ukuziphatha Okungalungile

Lokhu kuhlola kungaholela ekumangalelweni kobugebengu, izijeziso zomphakathi, izenzo zezisebenzi ezimelene nezikhulu eziphethe, nokuvuselelwa kwezimali ezidukile. Ngaphandle kokujezisa ububi, lokhu kuvimbela ukuziphatha okubi kwesikhathi esizayo ngokubonisa ukuthi ukuphula umthetho kuyotholakala futhi kujeziswe.

Usongo lokwengamela lukhuthaza futhi izinhlangano ukuba zithuthukise izinhlelo zangaphakathi eziqinile nezokulalela.

Ushintsho Ekusetshenzisweni Kwemali Nokusikisela

Ukuqondisa kuthonya ngokuqondile izinqumo zokuhlela. Lapho ukuqondisa kwembula ukuthi inhlangano yenza kahle futhi ifeza umsebenzi wayo, uMkhandlu ungayivuza ngezimali ezikhudlwana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho ukuqondisa kuveza ukulahlwa kwemali, ukungaphathwa kahle, noma ukuhluleka, uMkhandlu unganciphisa izimali, ukubuyisela imali, noma ukubeka imingcele eqondile yokusebenzisa imali.

Le miphumela ehlelekayo yenza ukuba umqondisi aqaphele ngempela. Izimo zenkonzo azinakumane zishaye indiva ukukhathazeka okuhlangene lapho lezo zinkathazo zingase zishintshele ekubeni imingcele encishisiwe yezimali noma engafunwa yendlela imali engasetshenziswa ngayo.

Izinselele Nokulinganiselwa Kokunakekela Komphakathi

Naphezu kokubaluleka kwaso namathuluzi ahlukahlukene esishaya indiva, ukuqondisa kubhekana nezinselele ezinkulu ezingasibekela imingcele.

Ukuvinjelwa Kwemithombo Yezinto

UKhongolose unezimali ezilinganiselwe zokunikela emsebenzini wobubonisi. Ngamalungu angu-535, amakomiti amaningi, nezinkulungwane zamalungu ezisebenzi, uMkhandlu kumelwe wengamele uhulumeni kahulumeni kahulumeni osebenzisa izigidi zabantu, ochitha izigidigidi zamaRandi minyaka yonke, futhi usebenzise izinkulungwane zezinhlelo ezinqamula amakhulu amakhulu ezinhlangano. Lokhu kungalingani okuyisisekelo kusho ukuthi iSishaya-Mnyango singahlola kuphela ingxenye encane yemisebenzi kahulumeni nganoma isiphi isikhathi.

Esikhathini esidlule lapho iGO izimali zeGO zilinganiselwa cishe izigidi ezingu-451 zezigidi zamaRandi kwakungu-FY 2003, lapho inkampani yayinezisebenzi ezingu-3,269 kanye nengqikithi yezimali zikahulumeni zazingadluli kakhulu kuR2,560 000 000 000 000, kodwa namuhla izisebenzi ezingu-3 560 zisebenza ngokuqondisa ukuthembeka kwemali ewuhlwele kwezingu-R3,4 000 000 000 000 ezindaweni ezikhuphukayo, ukwanda komthwalo wemfanelo cishe wamaRandi ayizigidi ezingu-4 ngesigamu sesisebenzi ngasinye eFY 2003. Lokhu kubonisa indlela imithombo yezokwengamela engaqhubeka ngayo isesilinganisweni sokukhula kukahulumeni.

Amalungu ezisebenzi zekomiti, aqhuba umsebenzi wokwengamela oningiliziwe, kumelwe athuthukise ubuchwepheshe ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zezimiso kuyilapho futhi esingatha ukuhlelwa kwemithetho, izinkonzo zomthetho, nemisebenzi yezombangazwe. Lokhu kuhlukanisa ukunakekela kungalinganisela ukujula nokuqhubekela phambili kwemizamo yokwengamela.

Ukungezwani Kwezombangazwe Nokwehlukana

Ukuhlukana kwesigaba kungashukumisa futhi kululaze ukuphatha. Kwesinye isandla, iqembu eliphikisayo linezisusa ezinamandla zokuhlola izinhlangano zezokuphatha nezinhlelo, okungavumbulula izinkinga iningi elingase likhethe ukuzishaya indiva. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuhlukaniswa ngokweqisa kungaholela ekuqondiseni okugxile kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amaphuzu ezombangazwe kunasekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kukahulumeni ngempela.

Lapho iqembu elifanayo lilawula kokubili uKhongolose nomongameli, ukuqondisa kwezinhlangano eziphethe kungase kungabi nolaka, njengoba iningi leqembu lingase libe manqikanqika ukuphoxa noma ukuphoqelela ukuphatha okuholwa iqembu lalo siqu.

Eminyakeni eminingana edlule kuye kwaba inkathi enamandla yokuqondisa imithetho nemikhuba yokubusa izishaya - mthetho, njengoba uMkhandlu uye wathatha ukucwaninga okuhlukahlukene okuye kwabangela ukunaka okukhulu komphakathi, futhi kokubili igatsha eliphethe noMkhandlu kuye kwasungula amathuluzi amasha nezimpikiswano ezingokomthetho zokuphikisa izimpikiswano zobubonisi, kuyilapho izinkantolo ziye zaphendula imibuzo ethile ngokuphathelene namandla obubonisi kuyilapho abanye beshiya bengaphenduli.

Ukumelana Nenhlangano Nelungelo Lokuqondisa

Izinhlangano ezihloselwe ukuthungatha zingase zizame izindlela eziningana zokugwema ukudalula, njengokugomela ngokuthi ukwaziswa akunakuvezwa ngenxa yomthetho oqondile, umthetho, noma isinqumo sokuqondisa. Izimo ezingase zenqabe ukwengamela ngokugoma amabhukwana, ukwenqaba ukunikeza ofakazi, ukumisa amalungelo ahlukahlukene, noma ukumane nje ubambezele ukusabela ezicelweni zobubhishobhi.

Ilungelo eliphethe, ikakhulukazi, lingadala izithiyo ezinkulu ekuqondiseni. Uma uMongameli eqinisekisa ilungelo lokuphatha ngokomthetho ngezincwadi noma ngobufakazi, uMkhandlu ubhekene nezinqumo ezinzima ngokuthi ukwamukela ukumangalela, ukuxoxa ngokuhlehliswa, noma ukuphoqelela ukugcinwa kwezinkantolo. Ukubekwa kwelungelo lokuphatha kungathatha iminyaka ukuxazulula, lapho ukwaziswa okufunwayo kungase kudlule khona isikhathi esingase sisafanele noma isikhathi sezombangazwe.

Ngisho noma iSishaya - mthetho sinegunya elingokomthetho lokuthola ukwaziswa, ukuphoqelelwa kwamaphoyisa kungaba yinselele. Ukuquliswa kwezigebengu kudinga ukubambisana koMnyango Wezobulungisa, oyingxenye yegatsha eliphethe futhi ungase ube manqikanqika ukuqulisa izikhulu zegatsha ngenxa yokwenqaba ukuhambisana nama - subreant popace. Ukugcinwa kwemithetho kudinga ukuqulwa kwecala okuthatha isikhathi eside okungase kungavezi imiphumela ngokushesha ngokwanele ukuba kube usizo.

Imidanti Yolwazi

Izinhlangano zinokwaziswa okuningi kakhulu ngemisebenzi yazo kunaleyo i-Congress ethemba ukuyithola. Izikhulu ze-arhente zisebenza ngokugcwele ngezinhlelo ezithile futhi zithuthukise ubuchwepheshe obujulile ezindaweni zazo, kuyilapho izisebenzi zenhlangano kumelwe zihlukanise ukunaka kwazo phakathi kwezindaba eziningi futhi zithembele kakhulu ekwazisweni okunikezwa yizinhlangano ngokwazo. Lokhu kwaziswa okunikeza ulwazi lusho ukuthi izinhlangano zingafihla izinkinga ngezinye izikhathi noma zinikeze ukwaziswa okudukisayo ngaphandle kokwakhela iKhomishane.

Izinhlelo eziningi zikahulumeni zihilela ulwazi olukhethekile ezindaweni ezinjengezikhali zenuzi, imithetho yezimali, noma impilo yomphakathi. Izisebenzi ze-Congregation zingase zintule ubuchwepheshe bobuchwepheshe bokuqonda ngokugcwele imisebenzi yezinhlangano noma ukubuza imibuzo elungile phakathi nezikhathi zobucukubhede.

Ukuncintisana Izinto Eziza Kuqala

Amalungu e-Congress abhekene nezimfuno eziningi esikhathini nokunakekela kwawo. Ngaphezu kokuqondisa, kumelwe ahileleke emsebenzini womthetho, izinkonzo ezihlangene, ukuqoqa, nokufaka umkhankaso wokukhetha kabusha. Izihlalo zamakomiti kumelwe zinqume ukuthi zihlela kanjani ukubeka isikhathi sokuzwa nezisebenzi ezilinganiselwe phakathi kobubonisi, umthetho, neminye imisebenzi. Lokhu okuphikisanayo kusho ukuthi ukuqondisa ngokuvamile kuthola ukunakekela okuncane kunalokho okukufanele, ikakhulukazi ezindabeni ezivamile ezingakhiqizi izihloko eziphambili noma izinzuzo zezombangazwe.

Umjikelezo wokhetho futhi uthinta ukuqondisa okuza kuqala. Amalungu angase agxile kakhulu ekunakekeleni okuveza ukusakazwa okuhle noma afeze izithakazelo zawo zokukhetha kunokuhlola ngokuhlelwa kwenqubo yezemishini. Umsebenzi wobubonisi obalulekile kodwa oweqisayo ungase unganakwa ngenxa yokuhlola okuphezulu okukhanga imithombo yezindaba.

Ukulinganiselwa Kokuphumelela Kwezisebenzi Zobubonisi

Ezinye izazi ziye zangabaza ukusebenza kobubonisi be-commilia ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kwe-bureaucratic nokuthobela umthetho. Ngisho nalapho ukuqondisa kuveza izinkinga futhi kutusa izixazululo, ukusetshenziswa kuxhomeke ekubambisanani kwezinhlangano, ukunikeza izinqumo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi umthetho omusha. Izinhlangano zingavumelana ngokunye nokutuswa kwezisebenzi lapho zithola izindlela zokuqhubeka nemikhuba eyingozi. Ukulandelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkinga ziyalungiswa ngempela kudinga imithombo eyengeziwe nokunaka okuqhubekayo okungakhonziwa ukuba i-Hulumeni ingakwazi ukunikeza.

Intuthuko Yamuva Nemizamo Yanamuhla

ISishaya - mthetho siyaqhubeka sihlola izindlela zokuthuthukisa amakhono aso okuqondisa nokuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo.

Izimfuneko Zokumiswa Kwamahhovisi Amasha Okuqondisa

Amalungu e-GO acela ukuba ahlole izindlela zokuthuthukisa ukuqondisa kwe-Congress ekubuseni kwenhlangano, futhi embikweni wayo, iGAO yahlaziya ukuthi i-GAO kufanele yini imise amahhovisi amabili angewona amaqembu angenza ukuba abenzi bomthetho banamuhla baqaphele umthetho: i-Congregational Office of Regaliation Review ne Office of Legal Congregation.

I-Congregational Office ye-Regural Review entsha ingaqhuba ukubukeza ngezikhathi ezithile kwemithetho, ukulinganisela ukuthobela imithetho ngokumelene nezindinganiso zemboni, futhi inikeze ubuchwepheshe bayo bokusiza ekuqondiseni ikomiti yenhlangano yezinhlangano zikahulumeni, futhi "ifake ukuhlola emsebenzini wobuqondisi wezinhlangano zikahulumeni,"" GAO ichaza. Nokho, ukumisa ihhovisi elisha lokuhlola imithetho ehlongozwayo, ngokwesibonelo, kungahlanganisa izindleko ezengeziwe zezisebenzi ezingaphezulu futhi kungenza izinkonzo zenhlangano ezikhona ziphinde zifane.

I - Congregational Office of Legal Council Council inganikeza iseluleko esingokomthetho ngemibono engokomthetho, futhi njengoba nje i - Congregational Office of Regatoriation Review ingasebenza njengesinqumo se - OIRA, i - Congregational Office of Legal Council iyoba nesazi sesikhulu sayo siqu esiphethe: i - Department of Legavil Council of Leace (OLC), eluleka uMongameli nezinhlangano zikahulumeni ngezindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi zomthetho wezomthetho wezomthetho - sisekelo.

Ukuvelela Okukhuliswe Ngokuthuthukisa Imithetho

ISishaya-mthetho kungadingeka silinganisele ukuhweba okuhlukahlukene uma bekungathatha noma yikuphi kwalokhu kukhetha, kanti konke ukukhetha kungathuthukisa ukuqondisa kwenhlangano, ezinye izindlela, njengokufuna izinhlangano ukuba ziqhube izilinganiso ezengeziwe, kunganezela ubunkimbinkimbi noma isikhathi enqubweni yokushaya umthetho ekhona. Inselele isekuqiniseni ukuqondisa ngaphandle kokwenza imithwalo enzima enciphisa izenzo ezidingekile zokuqondisa.

Ubuchwepheshe Nemininingwane Ethunyelwayo

Ubuchwepheshe banamuhla bunikeza amathuba amasha okuqondisa. Imininingwane yodayazo ingasiza ekuboneni izindlela zokulahla indle, ukukhwabanisa, noma ukuhluleka ukufinyelela imininingwane emikhulu. Amathuluzi amanani angenza ukwaziswa kukahulumeni kutholakale kakhulu kuzisebenzi zobubulungu nomphakathi. Nokho, ukusebenzisa la makhambi obuchwepheshe kudinga ukutshala imali nobuchwepheshe obungase bulwele ukunikeza izingcingo ezinikeziwe.

Indima Yokuqondisa Ezindaweni Ezithile

Ukugada kusebenza ngendlela ehlukile ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, indawo ngayinye iveza izinselele namathuba ayingqayizivele.

Ukulondeka Kwesizwe Nobuhlakani

Ukuqondisa ukulondeka kwesizwe nezinhlangano zokuhlakanipha kunikeza izinselele ezikhethekile ngenxa yezimfuneko zokuhlelwa kwezindawo nesidingo sokuvikela ukwaziswa okusheshayo. Amakomiti okuhlakanipha esizwe asingatha okuningi lapho evalekile, alinganisela ukubonakala komphakathi kuyilapho ezama ukugcina ukulandisa. Ukulinganisela izidingo zokuphepha nezimfuneko zobubonisi kuseyinselele eqhubekayo kulendawo.

Ukulungisa Izomnotho Nezomnotho

Izinhlangano eziqondisa izimakethe eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinhlangano zezimali zengamela izimakethe nezinhlangano, zifuna izisebenzi eziphethe ukuba zithuthukise ukuqonda okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezimiso zezimali. Ukuqondisa kulendawo ngokuvamile kugxila ekutheni izinhlangano zivikela abathengi ngokwanele yini futhi zilondoloze ukuqina okungokwezimali kuyilapho zigwema imithwalo enzima engokwezomnotho.

Imvelo Nemithombo Yemvelo

I-Oversity and Investigations Committee iphethe inxusa ngalinye nesimiso esiqondiswa yiKomiti egcwele. Ukuqondisa indawo ezungezile kuhilela ukubukeza indlela izinhlangano ezisebenzisa ngayo imithetho yendawo ezungezile, ukulawula amazwe omphakathi, nokusingatha izindaba ezinjengoshintsho lwesimo sezulu nokungcola. Lokhu kuqondisa kuvame ukuhilela imibuzo yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe edinga ubuchwepheshe obukhethekile.

Izinkonzo Zempilo Nezabantu

Ukuqondisa kwezinhlangano zezempilo nezinkonzo zabantu kuhilela ukuhlola izinhlelo ezithinta ngokuqondile izigidi zabantu baseMelika, kuhlanganise neMidiya, iMedicaid, nezindlela zomphakathi zokunakekela impilo.

Imikhuba Nezimemezelo Ezingcono Kakhulu Zokuqondisa Okuphumelelayo

Ngokusekelwe emashumini eminyaka okuhlangenwe nakho, kuye kwavela imikhuba ethile njengephumelela ngokukhethekile ekuqondiseni izingqungquthela.

Ukunakekela Okuqinile Nokuhleleka

Ukwengamela okuphumelela kakhulu kuhilela ukunakekela okuqhubekayo ekusebenzeni kwezinhlangano ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunokuhlola okungalindelekile ekuxazululeni izinkinga. Ukuzwana njalo, ukuxhumana nezikhulu zezinhlangano, nokubukezwa kwemibiko yezinhlangano kusiza iCongress ukuba ihlale yaziswe ngemisebenzi yezinhlangano futhi ibone izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe izinhlekelele.

Ukubambisana Ne - bipartisan

Ukugada kuphumelela kakhulu uma kudlula ukuhlukana okuhlukanisayo. Ukuhlola kweBhartisan kuletha ukwethenjelwa okukhulu futhi kungenza izinguquko ezinengqondo. Uma bobabili bevuma ukuthi kunenkinga futhi kudingeka kuxoxwe, izinhlangano azinandawo yokulahla ukuqondisa njengokushukunyiswa kwezombangazwe.

Izinkonzo Ezisekelayo Ezinamandla

ISishaya-mthetho kufanele sisebenzise iGAO, iCBO, CRS, kanye nabahloli jikelele ukuze sifake isikhundla saso siqu. Lezi zikhungo zinikeza ubuchwepheshe, ukuqhubekeka, nengcebo amakomiti enhlangano angenakukwazi ukufanelana nayo ngokwawo. Ukucwaninga nokuhlola okuvela kulezi zikhungo kuvumela i-Congress ukuba yenze umsebenzi ocuphe kakhulu noyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukulandela Ukusikisela

Ukuqondisa akufanele kuphele ngokuhlukanisa izinkinga nokutusa. Ukwengamela okuphumelelayo kuhlanganisa ukulandela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlangano zisebenzisa izinguquko ezituswayo futhi izinkinga ziyalungiswa ngempela. Lokhu kulandela kokuqondisa kubonisa ukuthi uMkhandlu uzimisele ngenguquko futhi udala icala lokufeza.

Ukulinganisela Ukunakekela Eminye Imithwalo Yemfanelo

UKhomishane kumelwe ulinganisele ukuqondisa nokwengamela kwayo imithetho, ummeleli, neminye imithwalo yemfanelo yomthetho-mthetho. Ukuqondisa kufanele kwazise futhi kusekele umthetho kunokuba kube yisithakazelelo sawo. Lapho ukuqondisa kwembula isidingo semithetho emisha noma izinguquko zemithetho, uMkhandlu kufanele uqhubeke ngomthetho ofanele.

Ikusasa Lokubuswa Yizindlwana

Njengoba uhulumeni eqhubeka eguquka futhi ebhekana nezinselele ezintsha, ukuqondisa kwenhlangano kumelwe kuvumelane nokuphumelela ukuze kuhlale kuphumelela.

Ukusingatha Izinselele Zemithombo Yezinto Eziphilayo

I-GAO enciphile ingavimbela abakhi bomthetho emsebenzini wabo wokuqeda ukungcola, ukuphamba, nokusebenzisa amandla abo ayisisekelo omthetho-sisekelo: ukulawulwa kwesikhwama semali. UKhomishane kumelwe uqinisekise ukuthi izinhlangano eziqondisayo njenge GAO zithola imithombo eyanele ukuze zifeze imisebenzi yazo. Ukugawulwa kungalulaza indima yeSishaya-Mkhandlu futhi kuvumele udoti, ukukhwabanisa, nokukhomba, kuphumele ekuchitheni imali okungasetshenziswa ngokusaphaza okungadlula kude noma yikuphi ukukhokha okunga okungafezwayo okungafezwa manje.

Ukuzivumelanisa Nokushintsha Kwezobuchwepheshe

Njengoba uhulumeni encika kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe, ebuhlakani bokuzenzela, nasezimisweni zokwaziswa, ukuqondisa kumelwe kuthuthukise ikhono lokuqonda nokuhlaziya le mishini. Lokhu kungadinga izisebenzi eziqashayo ezinobuchwepheshe, ezifaka imali emathuluzini okuqondisa, futhi zithuthukise izindlela ezintsha zokuqondisa ezifanele uhulumeni wemishini.

Ukulondoloza Ukungaphazanyiswa

I - GAO yenza umsebenzi obalulekile weSishaya - mthetho, inikeza ukwaziswa ngendlela engeyona eyesigaba nezimele. UHulumeni kumelwe uvikele ukuzimela kwezinhlangano zezengamele futhi umelane nesilingo sokusebenzisa izikhali zezombangazwe ngokuphelele.

Ukuqinisa Imishini Esetshenziswayo

Kungase kudingeke ukuba iziKhomishane zithuthukise izindlela eziphumelela ngokwengeziwe zokumisa ukuqondisa kwazo lapho izinhlangano zingafuni ukubambisana.

Isiphetho: Ukubaluleka Okuhlala Njalo Kokugadiswa

Ukuphathwa kwenhlangano yezinhlangano zikahulumeni kumelela isici esiyinhloko sentando yeningi yaseMelika nesimiso somthetho-sisekelo sokuhlola nokulinganisela. Ngokuzwa, ukuhlola, ukuhlola, izinqumo, nezinye izinqubo, i-Congress ihlola ukusebenza kwezinhlangano, ukuqaphela nokulungisa izinkinga, ukukhuthaza ukubonakala nokulandisa, futhi isiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uhulumeni ufeza isithakazelo somphakathi.

Nakuba ububonisi bubhekene nezinselele ezinkulu − kuhlanganise nemithombo elinganiselwe, ukungavumelani kwezombangazwe, ukumelana nezinhlangano, nokuncintisana kwezinto okubalulekile , kuyaqhubeka kuveza imiphumela ebalulekile. Ukulawula kuholela ezinguquni zezimiso, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwezezinkampani, ukuphamba nokuchitha, nokuqaphela okukhulu komphakathi ngemisebenzi kahulumeni. Umsebenzi wokusekela njenge GAO uveza ukuthi ukuqondisa okuhleliwe kungaveza inzuzo enkulu ekuthengeni imali ngokuthola imali futhi kuthuthukise impumelelo.

Ukuphumelela kokwengamela kuxhomeke ekuzibopheleleni okuqinile okuvela eMkhandlwini, imithombo eyanele yemisebenzi yobubonisi, ukubambisana kwe-bipartina lapho kunokwenzeka, nokuzimisela ukulandela ukutusa nezinguquko. Njengoba uhulumeni ukhula kakhulu futhi ubhekana nezinselele ezintsha, ukuqondisa kumelwe kuqhubeke kushintsha futhi kuvumelane nokubaluleka kwawo okuyisisekelo kokuqinisekisa ukuphatha okunesibopho, okuphumelelayo, nokungokomthetho.

Ukuze izakhamuzi ezifuna ukuqonda indlela uhulumeni wazo osebenza ngayo nendlela yokuwenza ube nesibopho sokulandisa, ukuqondisa kwenhlangano kunikeza ifasitela elibalulekile emikhankasweni yezinhlangano nokulandisa ngentando yeningi. Ngokunaka imisebenzi yobubonisi, ngokusekela imithombo eyanele yezinhlangano zobubonisi, nangokufuna ukuba abameleli abakhethiwe bathathe imithwalo yabo yemfanelo ngokungathi sína, izakhamuzi zingasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi lomsebenzi obalulekile uyaqhubeka ufeza injongo yawo ebalulekile engokomthetho - sisekelo.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngokuqondisa kwe-cornodiationalonical, vakashela iwebhusayithi ye-componence Congress.gov yewebhsayithi, enikeza ukufinyelela komthetho wekomiti, imibiko, nezincwadi zomthetho. Ikomiti yendlu eqondene nomthetho [[FLT:] nekomiti yeSishaya-mthetho inikeza ulwazi ngemisebenzi yezengathwa nophendlo oluqhubekayo. [FLT:]