Ukungahambisani Nentando Yeningi Nokwaziswa Okuvulekile

Ukuthola komphakathi ukwaziswa kukahulumeni akuyona nje inzuzo ezakhamuzini eziboshelwe; isisekelo sokwakha lapho ukulandisa ngentando yeningi kwakhiwe khona. Ngaphandle kwekhono lokuhlola izenzo zikahulumeni wazo, izakhamuzi zincishiselwa ekubeni izikhonzi ezingenzi lutho kunokuba zihlanganyele ngentshiseko ekuzilawuleni. Enkathini echazwa yikho kokubili ukugcwala kokwaziswa nokungaqondi okuyinkimbinkimbi, izimiso nezakhiwo eziwusizo ezenza ukuba umphakathi ufune ukuhlolwa ngokuzikhandla. Ilungelo lokwazi ngokuqondile amandla okwenza abantu benze izinqumo eziqondisiwe, ligcine izikhulu zomphakathi zinobuphini obunenzuzo, futhi lineqhathelela ngokunenzuzo enkulu entshukundleni yezombangazwe ehlela umphakathi.

Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Umqulu wokwaziswa okhiqizwa ohulumeni banamuhla, kanye nohlelo lobuchwepheshe nomthetho olulawula ukukhululwa kwawo, kudala kokubili amathuba nezithiyo eziphawulekayo. Ukuqonda indlela yokulawula lendawo kubalulekile ekulondolozeni impilo yezinhlangano zentando yeningi. Lesi sihloko sihlola ukubaluleka okuyisisekelo kokutholakala komphakathi, izinselele zesimiso sobuchwepheshe ezikhona, kanye nendlela yobuchwepheshe yesimanje engavala igebe phakathi kwezenzo zikahulumeni nokuqonda kwezakhamuzi.

Isisekelo Esiqinile Nesemithetho Selungelo Lokwazi

Umsuka Wokukhanya Nemfundiso Yomthetho - sisekelo

Isimiso sokuthi ukwaziswa kukahulumeni kungabantu kusekelwe kakhulu kuyifilosofi yokukhanyiselwa. Isivumelwano senhlalo uJohn Locke's prophect sethi projects ukuthi izakhamuzi zinikezela igunya kuhulumeni onokuqonda okuphelele kokuthi lifeza izithakazelo zazo. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uhulumeni ufeza isiphetho sawo sesivumelwano, izakhamuzi kumelwe zibe nezindlela zokugcina imisebenzi yazo. Lomqondo uthola amazwi anamandla ekusungulweni kwe-United States. UJames Madison, ngokuvamile obizwa ngokuthi uYise woMthetho-sisekelo, ulubeke ngokucacile lolu mxhumanisi olubalulekile: [[FLT: 0]" Uhulumeni othandwayo, ngaphandle kokwaziswa okuthandwayo, noma izindlela zokuyithola, kodwa uyinkulumo ewugunyaza ekujuleni noma enhlekeleleni; mhlawumbe, noma kokubili, [FLD:1] waqaphela ukuthi kumelwe ahlanganiswe ngolwazi oluhlangene.[FLD]

Lomgoqo wefilosofi uye wahlanganiswa emthetho wezizwe zonke nasemithethweni yesizwe emhlabeni wonke. ISiphakamiso 19 se Isimemezelo esingavumelaniyo samaLungelo Abantu [ sivikela ngokuqondile ilungelo "ukufuna, ukwamukela nokudlulisela ukwaziswa naleyomibono nganoma imiphi imikhakhathi. Lesimiso siyisisekelo senkululeko yolwazi imisebenzi (FOIAS) emazweni angaphezu kwekhulu. Lemithetho yakha umbono okhululekile, ikhuphula umthwalo wohulumeni ukuze bathethelele isibopho sokufihla imfihlo kunokuba bafune izakhamuzi ukuba zithethelele isidingo sabo sokwazi.

Ulwazi Njengokuhlola Amandla

Ukuthola ukwaziswa kuyinqubo eyinhloko lapho umshini wezindaba nomphakathi ungahlola khona amandla kahulumeni. Ngaphandle kokuthola izimali, izivumelwano, imininingwane yesayensi, kanye nokuxhumana kwangaphakathi, umqondo wokuhlola nokulinganisela uba yinto engaqondakali. Ukwaziswa okungaqondakali, okubhekwa kakhulu njengengxenye yesine kahulumeni, kuxhomeke ngokuphelele ekutholeni amarekhodi omphakathi. Ukuveza ukungaqondi kahle kwezimali zezimali zomkhankaso, ikhono lokuhlola imininingwane kahulumeni eshaqisayo kuyinjini yokulandisa. Uma ulwazi lugodlwa, ngisho nangezizathu zokulondeka kwesizwe, umphakathi ulahlekelwa ikhono lawo lokuvuma imithetho ebhalwe ngegama lawo. Ubufakazi kumelwe ngaso sonke isikhathi bube yilabo abafuna izimfihlo, hhayi labo abafuna iqiniso.

Izinzuzo Ezimangalisayo Zokutholakala Komphakathi Okungenayo

Ukuqeda Izinhlangano Zokuthembana Nokunciphisa Ukonakala

Ukukhanya ngokomthetho kusebenza njengesibulala - magciwane esinamandla ekungcoleni. Izimiso ezisebenza ebumnyameni zinikeza amathuba okuvikela, ukufukula, nokuveza impumelelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ohulumeni abafaka ukwaziswa okuphathelene nokuthola, ukuhlela, nokubhebhezela izakhiwo lapho kunzima khona ukufihla. IBHANGE LASEMHLABE kanye nezinye izinhlangano zentuthuko zomhlaba jikelele zihlala ziveza ukubonakala njengengxenye ephambili yokulawula okuhle, zihlanganisa imithombo ephakeme yokubona kude kakhulu ekungcoleni okuqondwayo nokusetshenziswa komphakathi okunenzuzo. Uma izakhamuzi zingabona indlela imali echithwa ngayo, ukuthemba umphakathi kuqiniswa, ngisho nalapho zingavumelani nemiphumela ethile.

  • Ovula uHlahlelo loHlelo: Ukutholakala komphakathi ekuhleleni imali yohlu lwezingxenye zohlu lwezinombolo kuvumela izinhlangano zomphakathi ukuba zikhokhe imali futhi zisekele ukuqoqwa kwempahla okuhambisana nezidingo zomphakathi.
  • Iprojekthi yokuveza Transparency:[ Izivumelwano zikahulumeni zokunyathelisa kuyi-inthanethi zinciphisa ingozi yokufaka isheya futhi ziqinisekisa ukuthi izimali zomphakathi ziklonyeliswa ngokuncintisana.
  • Izincwadi:[ Abangenisi abafuna ukuthungatha ukuze bembule imisebenzi yabo nemihlangano nezikhulu zomphakathi zinikeza umfanekiso ocacile wokuthi ubani ofuna ukuthonya umthetho.

Ukuthuthukisa Ushintsho Lwezomnotho Nokubaluleka Komphakathi

Ngaphandle komsebenzi wayo wokuqapha, ukwaziswa komphakathi kuyinto engenziwa ngokushayelela izomnotho. Umnotho wezokwaziswa wanamuhla wakhiwa phezu kwemitapo eyaqala njengeqoqo likahulumeni. I-GPS (Izikhundla ze-PS) kanye nemininingwane yesimo sezulu ziyizibonelo ezivamile. Ngokuzenza lezi mininingwane zitholakale obala ngokukhululekile . Ngokuzibiza ngokuthi i-Open Data/Computerstions zinezimboni ezigcwele, kusukela kumamaki e-mouse kuya ezisebenzisiwenzweni zokusebenza. Ama-otamscrycry asebenzisa ulwazi lomphakathi ukuze kutholakale amakhambi, njengokuhlola izimali zokudla, ukukhokha izimali, nokuhlukanisa izingozi zendawo. Inani lezentengo ye-Dimali evulekile lihamba emakhulwini ezigidini ezigidini zezigidi zemali ngonyaka. Lokhu kudala ukuphikisana okunamandla kwemitako yemininingwane yanamuhla: ukukhaza nje kuphela ukuvusethiwe; ukuvuselelwa kwezomnotho.

Izithiyo Eziwukutholakala Kolwazi Oluphumelelayo

Ukufihla Izindaba Nokufunda Kakhulu

Naphezu kwezimiso ezingokomthetho ezisekela ukuvuleka komthetho, impucuko enamandla yokufihla iyaqhubeka phakathi kohulumeni abaningi. I-bureacracy iholela ekuhlolweni kwezincwadi ezingaphezulu kakhulu. Ulwazi luvame ukuphawulwa njengenozwela noma imfihlo hhayi ngezizathu ezingokomthetho zokhuseleko lwesizwe, kodwa ukugwema ukuphoxeka, ukungalondeki, noma ukuqashelwa umphakathi. Izindleko zalokhu kufihla imfihlo ziphakeme. Kululaza ukwethemba, kunciphisa izindleko zokuphepha, futhi kwakha isimiso lapho isimo sokungahleliwe kahle "sifunyanisiwe" kunokuba "vula"". Ukushintsha izimiso zokufuna ukulimala okungalawuleki kwemithetho yonke imingcele kubaluleke kakhulu kodwa kunzima. Izisebenzi zomphakathi kumelwe ziqeqeshelwe ukuthi ukuvikela umthetho nemfihlo kuyindlela elula.

Izigaba Zobuchwepheshe Nezezomnotho

Ukufinyelela kumthetho akulingani nokufinyelela ekusebenzeni. Ucwaningo olubalulekile lukhona phakathi kokunyatheliswa kolwazi nekhono lezakhamuzi lokuthola, lokuqonda, nokulusebenzisa. Lena inkinga yokungena-ekwahluleleni inkathi yolwazi. Pew Research Center[ lubonisa njalo ukuthi ukutholakala kwemvume ebanzi, ulwazi, nokufunda ngezibalo, kanye nomshini kugunyazwa ngemali eholwayo, ubudala, kanye ne-geography.

  • I- Digital Digital Direction: incike kuphela kuma-partum anyathelise ukwaziswa okungahambisani nezigidi zabantu abantula ukutholakala kocingo oluthembekile noma abangahambi kahle izinhlelo zobuchwepheshe eziyinkimbinkimbi.
  • [[FLT: 0] Ukufunda nokubhala: Ngisho nakulabo abanokwaziswa okungangeni, okungalungiswayo kungaba okungacutha. Ikhasi lokuhlola intela yempahla noma amazinga okungenwa yizifo ezibhedlela kudinga ulwazi lwezibalo ukuchaza ngokunembile. Ohulumeni banomthwalo wemfanelo hhayi nje wokushicilela ulwazi, kodwa ukulidlulisela ngamafomethi afinyelelwe anemo ecacile nemifanekiso.
  • Language Barriers: Emiphakathini ekhuluma izilimi eziningi, ukunyathelisa ukwaziswa ngolimi olulodwa kuphela olusemthethweni ngokuphumelelayo kukhipha inani elikhulu labantu ekuhlanganyeleni ngokugcwele komphakathi.

Inkinga Yokwaziswa Nokungaqondi

Emphakathini wentando yeningi, inani lokwaziswa okukhona alibalulekile kakhulu kunezinga lalo. Ukukhula kokwaziswa okunganembile . `i-information' okungamanga noma okudukisayo okusakaze inzuzo yezombangazwe noma yezomnotho' kubangela ukuba kube nosongo olukhulu ekutholeni inzuzo yemininingwane yomphakathi. Uma imithombo engokomthetho iminyathelwa ukusakaza kwenkulumo exoxiwe noma imisebenzi yokuphazamisa kwamanye amazwe, ikhono lomphakathi lokwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe emaqinisweni liphansi. Ohulumeni babhekene umugqa onzima lapha: kumelwe bathuthukise ngentshiseko ukulingana okuphakeme, ukwaziswa okusekelwe ekwazini okungancibilikisi i-ngokwabantu noma ukulawula inkulumo yombuso. Ukuhlola obala ngokuhlola obala, ukusekela iqiniso elizimele, nokuchaza ngokucacile ulwazi olusemthethweni akuziphathi kahle ukuthi kunezinyathelo ezisekelwe ezinhlangothini zesayensi.

Ukuxazulula Ukushuba Kwethemba Nezindaba Zomuntu Siqu

Enye yezinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu enkambisweni yolwazi yanamuhla ukulinganisela ilungelo lomphakathi lokwazi ngelungelo lomuntu lomuntu siqu. Ukubonakala ngaphandle konke kungalimaza. Ukusakaza imininingwane yomuntu siqu engasungulwanga yezakhamuzi . "njengemibhalo yezempilo, amakheli abasinda ebudloveni basekhaya, noma izinombolo zokhuseleko zomphakathi] ziveza amalungelo ayisisekelo futhi zingabangela ukulimala okusobala. Ukuphakama kwezimiso zemininingwane zesivikelo njenge GDPR (Indandandathane yokhuseleko lwe-data) iye yasungula izimiso eziqinile ezimayelana nokululaza nokuvunyelwa kwe-data. Isihluthulelo siwukusetshenziswa okuyinkimbinkimbi ekusingatheni idata ihlelweni. Izimiso zokwakha kumelwe zisekelwe ekusekeleni [[FLT:] [FL:]] kanye [FLD] [FF]]

Lokhu akusona isiqu noma isiqu. Uhulumeni ungaveza kakhulu mayelana nokwenziwa kwakhe kwenqubo, ukuhlelwa kwendlela yokuhlela, nokuqiniswa kwemithetho lapho evikela kakhulu imininingwane yomuntu siqu yezakhamuzi zakhe. Isimiso sokuhlela sisebenza: lapho ukwenzeka kwemininingwane, ukulunga okufunekayo ukuyikhulula. Amapulatifomu anamuhla okulawula ulwazi avumela abaphathi ukuba bachaze indima ezimele nemvume. Ngokwesibonelo, umcwaningi angakwazi ukubuza imininingwane yempilo ebekwe ngokwemithetho ukuze alandele isifo esithile ngaphandle kokubona igama lesiguli noma ikheli. Lokhu kuyindinganiso yegolide lokubona ukukhanya kwentando yeningi: ulwazi oluwusizo kubantu ngabanye, izithulu ezingeniswe emphakathini.

Indima Yobuchwepheshe Nokwaziswa Kwanamuhla

Ubuchwepheshe buyisicubu esixhumanisayo phakathi kwelungelo elingokomthetho lokwaziswa nokusetshenziswa kwalelolungelo. Inkathi yama-PDF asendaweni ephezulu nemibhalo yephepha ekhishwe emakhabetheni angena emafayilini iphela ngokushesha. Ukutholakala kwentando yeningi kwanamuhla kudinga izakhiwo zobuchwepheshe zanamuhla. Lesisekelo kumelwe silondeke, silinganiswe, siklanyelwe ukuba sihambisane.

Imininingwane Ehlelwe Kabanzi Nezakhiwo Zokuqala Ze - API

Ukuze ukwaziswa kutholakale ngempela, kumelwe kufundwe futhi kuhlelwe. I-PDF ehlolwe ayiyona i-data efinyelelekayo. Abaphathi bemininingwane yanamuhla bancike kuma-data ahleliwe nakuma-API-wokuqala (Uhlelo Lwezimo ze-MOD) amapulatifomu. Ngokukhipha ungqimba lwemininingwane olusuka kulwembozo lwesiboniso, ohulumeni bangasiza ulwazi ngokungalinganiswanga emathekwini ewebcashini, ama-awebroam, namathuluzi okucwaninga ayingxenye yesithathu. I-Platformations efana ne-Draidus (Izimoding) inikeza izakhiwo zangemva kwemininingwane yemininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi ngezimiso eziqinile. I-API ivumela izintatheli, abathuthuli, izazi zezokuhlola ulwazi ukuba bakhononalo lohlelo, beqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi lungahlazinziwa ngendlela ekwayo. Lokhu kusivumise ukubonakala ngokucacile.

Imishini yokuphatha ye-server-sectical kanye nokuhlela kwe-Asstic method

Imininingwane eluhlaza akwanele. Ohulumeni kumelwe bafake izimali emklamweni wobungane bomsebenzisi. Ukungena komphakathi emathekwini kufanele kusebenze njengomtapo wezibalo ophakeme, hhayi ikhabethe likahulumeni elinophawu oluqinile. Lokhu kudinga ukusebenza okuqinile kokuhlola, imeta-meta ecacile, amathuluzi okuhlola, nokusabela ngeselula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi aluzona nje izakhelo eziseceleni; amabalazwe, izithombe, imizuzu yomhlangano, kanye nokuqoshwa kwevidiyo. Ukufinyelela komphakathi ekufinyeleleni imishini ewusizo eqinile kuhlanganisa ukuphatha imishini eqinile yobuchwepheshe (DAM). Izinhlelo ezingaphatha izinhlobo zamafayela ezihlukene, ukulawula ukuqondisa inguquko, namathuluzi okubomvu okusebenza abalulekile ekuhleleni ngaphandle kwemishini enziwa kakhulu noma abasebenzisi bakahulumeni.

Ukuqinisa Isimiso Sokwaziswa Komphakathi

Ubuchwepheshe bubodwa abukwazi ukuxazulula izinselele zokubonana kwentando yeningi. Kumelwe kuhlanganiswe nenqubo yamabomu kanye nokutshala imali okungagcinwa kusiza umphakathi.

  • Imithetho ye-FOIA inamandla ngokusebenza kwayo. Okhomishane bolwazi be-exependent noma abaqondisi-lwazi kumelwe babe namandla okuphoqelela ukuthumba nokujezisa izinhlangano ezivimbela ulwazi ngokungemthetho.
  • Imedia ne-Civic Literacy: Izinhlangano zomphakathi kumelwe zifundise amakhono adingekayo ukuze kutholakale futhi kuhlolwe ukwaziswa komphakathi. Isakhamuzi esingakwazi ukuhlukanisa i-data kahulumeni ephepheni le-complist asazisi ngempela.
  • Ikhasi lokufaka inzuzo yomphakathi: Imboni yezebhizinisi ingaphansi kokucindezeleka okukhulu. Umsebenzi wokuphatha amandla okulandisa uyabiza. Ukuxhasa komphakathi ngemali yokufaka uphengululo, izikweleti zentela zezikhokhelo zezindaba, nokusungulwa kwezikhangiso zezindaba ezingazuzisi kuyizimiso ezisiza abacosheli bezindaba ukuba baqhubeke bekhona ukuze benze umsebenzi oyinkimbinkimbi wokuhlaziya ukwaziswa.
  • I-Presation of Public Records: Ukuphatha ulwazi kumele kubhekwe njengokuzibophezela okuhlala njalo. Amarekhodi ezibalo adinga ukunakekelwa okunenkuthalo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukubola kokwaziswa. Ohulumeni kumelwe babe nezimiso ezicacile zokuveza ama-website, ama-imeyili, kanye nemininingwane yezobuchwepheshe ukuze izizukulwane ezizayo zikwazi ukufinyelela embhalweni ongokomlando.

Isiphetho: Umsebenzi Ongancishisiwe Wokubonisa Intando Yeningi

Ilungelo lokuthola ukwaziswa komphakathi yindawo yokubusa okunesibopho. Yindlela okungasetshenziswa ngayo ukubuswa kohulumeni, ithuluzi ukonakala okudalulwa ngalo, kanye nophethiloli wesigcawu somphakathi osekelwe ebufakazini. Nokho, ilungelo elingokomthetho lokwazi ukuthi akwanelanga ngaphandle kwezesayensi yemisebenzi, impucuko, namandla omphakathi okuyisebenzisa. Umsebenzi wokwakha umphakathi obonisa ukubonakala ngaphandle kokuphothula. Kudinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ngalabo abafihla iqiniso, ukutshala okungaguquguquki ezimisweni zokwaziswa zanamuhla, kanye nokuzimisela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi isakhamuzi ngasinye, kungakhathaliseki ikhono laso lobuchwepheshe noma isikhundla sezomnotho, singafinyelela futhi siqonde ulwazi esiludingayo.

Njengoba sihlola indawo yokwaziswa eyinkimbinkimbi, isimiso sihlala sicacile: ulwazi ngabantu. Ubuchwepheshe bethu, imithetho yethu, nezinhlangano zethu kumelwe ziklanyelwe ukudumisa lesosimiso. Ngokwenza kanjalo, asigcini nje ngokuvikela idemokrasi; siyayinika amandla okubhekana nezinselele zesikhathi esizayo.