Ukuqonda Izingcindezi Zemfundo

Impikiswano ehlobene nesimiso semfundo ivame ukugxila emiqondweni emibili egxekayo: ukulingana nezindinganiso. Ngezinye izikhathi lemibono emibili ingaphikisana, iholele ekuhwebeni okuyinkimbinkimbi abanikazi bemithetho okumelwe basebenzise. Ukuqonda incazelo yale mithetho kudingekile kubafundisi, kubafundi, nakubaphathi bezemfundo ngokufanayo. Ukulinganisela phakathi kokunikeza abafundi bonke ithuba elifanele kuyilapho ukulondoloza izindinganiso zemfundo eziqinile kungenye yezinselele eziqhubekayo zemfundo yomphakathi.

Izimiso zemfundo emhlabeni wonke ziphikisana neqiniso lokuthi imithombo yemali ilinganiselwe. Uma isifunda sesikole sinquma ukusakaza imali ngisho nakuzo zonke izikole, kungaqhubekela phambili ukungalungi ngenxa yokuthi izikole ezisezindaweni ezingenisa imali ephansi zidinga ukusekelwa okwengeziwe ukuze zifeze imiphumela efanayo nezikole ezindaweni ezicebile. Ngokuphambene, uma izimali zifakwa ezimisweni zikazibuthe ezingcono ukuthuthukisa izinhlelo zobungako, abafundi ezikoleni ezineziphendulwe phansi bangashiywa. Lokhu kucindezeleka akuyona nje inselele eqandabeni; akuyona nje inselele; kudlalwa ngaphandle kwezinsuku zonke emakilasini, emihlanganweni, emapulangweni, nasemagumbini okulawula izivumelwano.

Ukuchaza Ukulingana Nemfanelo Yemfundo

ukulingana kwemfundo kubhekisele esimisweni sokulunga, kuqinisekiswe ukuthi umfundi ngamunye uyakwazi ukuthola imithombo namathuba adingekayo ukuze aphumelele, kungakhathaliseki isizinda noma izimo zakhe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuxoxa ngezici ezihlobene nesimo sezezomnotho, uhlanga, indawo, ukukhubazeka, nolimi olungcono. Ukungalingani kudlulela ngalé kokulingana kwemali; kudinga ukusekela okuhlukile ukuze ingane ngayinye ihlangabezane nethuba layo. Isibonelo, umfundi ofunda isiNgisi angadinga izinto eziphindaphindwayo kanye nesikhathi esengeziwe sokufundisa, kuyilapho umfundi onekhono angadinga ukucebisa izinhlelo ukuze ahlale ebekelwe inselele.

Ubunjani, ngakolunye uhlangothi, buhlobene nendinganiso yemfundo enikezwayo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphumelela kokufundisa, ubunzima bezifundo, ukuphepha nokubopha indawo yokufunda, nemiphumela ebanzi yabafundi. Imfundo ephakeme iphawulwa ngemfundo eqinile, amakhono okucabanga abucayi, ukuzimisela, nokuzilungiselela izinselele zesikhathi esizayo emakolishi, imisebenzi, nokuphila komphakathi. Imfanelo ilinganiswa ngenhlanganisela yemibono ehleliwe, iziqu, ukuthweswa kwemfundo yasekolishi, ukunikeza iziqu, ukunikeza iziqu, nokuhlola kwabafundi. Izinga eliphezulu lemfundo liphawu lokuthuthukisa izinga eliphambili, ukuhlelwa kwemiklamo ephakeme, ukuhlelwa okuphakeme, ukuvelela okuvame okulindelwe ezikoleni zonke izikole zihlangane.

Nakuba lezincazelo zingabonakala ziqondile, ukusetshenziswa kwazo kudala ukungezwani. Izimiso eziqondiswe kahle zidinga ukwabiwa kwempahla ngokwehlukile, okungabhekwa njengokungalungi ezikoleni ezithola izinhlelo ezingcono, njengokuhlola okuphezulu, kungajezisa izikole ezikhonza abantu abaswele, okuholela ekuncipheni isikole sesikole nokufundisa ekuhlolweni.

Umlando: Indlela Ukungaguquguquki Nobuhle Okwaba Ngayo Amandla Anamandla

Ukuze uqonde amathengiso amanje, kuwusizo ukuhlola ukuziphendukela kwemvelo okungokomlando kwenqubo yemfundo eUnited States nakwamanye amazwe athuthukile. Phakathi nekhulu lama-20 leminyaka, umzabalazo wamalungelo ezakhamuzi waletha ukudlula phambili. Amacala enkantolo ezwe anjenge Brown v. Ibhodi yemfundo [1954] nomthetho kahulumeni onjenge-Pretantary and Secondary Education Act (1965) ehloselwe ukuhlukanisa nokunikeza izimali zeze kuhlwithwa nezikole ezingenisa imali ezisemgangathweni. Inkambiswa yokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingane, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlanga noma ubumpofu, zazinemfundo eyisisekelo.

Ngonyaka ka-1980, uchungechunge lwemibiko ehlanganisa Isizwe esisengozini [193] sashintsha ingxoxo eqondene nezinga elifanele. Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi izikole zaseMelika zaziwa ngemva kwabancintisanayo emhlabeni wonke, futhi zifuna ukuba izindinganiso eziphakeme, ukulandisa, nokukhetha kwaba nesibindi. Izimiso zaqhubeka zisuka kuNo Child Lend Act (2001), eyagunyaza ukuhlolwa kwaminyaka yonke, ukubikwa komphakathi kweqembu, nemiphumela yezikole ezihlulekayo ukwenza intuthuko eyanele minyaka yonke. Nakuba i-NCLB ihlose ukuvala imingcele yokuphumelela (umgomo ongakhonzi), ukuncintiswa kwayo okukhulu ekuhlolweni nasekuhlolweni kwe-pulvelct: abafundisi bagxila ekuhlolweni, ukuhluleka, futhi imiphumela encinyaniswa kakhulu ezikozwe ngaphansi kwe-mesensi, ikakhulukazi kwezindawo.

Ukucindezeleka kwakhula lapho kukhula izikole zesikole ezikhethayo nomthetho-mthetho. Abasekeli baphikisa ngokuthi ukukhetha kunika imikhaya amandla (ukulingana) futhi kukhuthaza ukusungula (ukulingana). Abagxeki baphikisa ngokuthi ukumpompa imithombo yemali ezikoleni zomphakathi ezingokwesiko, kwandisa ukwahlukana, futhi akuvezi njalo imiphumela engcono. Umphumela uba indawo ehlukene lapho i-collence nemfanelo kuvezwa khona njengemigomo ephelele kunaleyo ephelelisayo.

Ukuhweba Okuqondile Ngemithetho Nezinkinga Zayo Zangempela

Ukusebenzisa I - altammos

Mhlawumbe inqubo eqondile kakhulu yenzeka ekuxhaseni imali esikoleni. Izifunda eziningi zisebenzisa izindlela zokuxhasa imali ezisekela imali edinga abafundi ngokudinga (jengesibonelo, ukunikeza abafundi imali eyengeziwe emalini edingayo edingekayo (izingane ezimpofu, abafundi abangamaNgisi, noma abakhubazekileyo. Lokhu kuyindlela yokusebenzisa inzuzo engenakulinganiswa. Nokho, uma ingqikithi yemali yemfundo kahulumeni ilungiswa, ukusetshenziswa kwemali eshisiwe kubafundi abadinga kakhulu kungasho ukulahlekelwa imali etheni kwezinye izikole, okungase kubhekwe njengokuncishintshwa kwemithombo yemali ephambili. Ngokwesibonelo, izifunda ezicebile zingalahlekelwa izinhlelo ezinjengomculo nobuciko lapho izimali zikahulumeni zihlelwa. Ukulinganisela lokhu kudinga ukuxoxisana ngokucophelela kwezombangazwe nokubonakala kahle kwezezombangazwe.

Izimiso Zokulandisa Nokuhlola Okuphezulu

Ukuhlola okuvamile kuyithuluzi elivamile lokuqinisekisa izinga. Uma ukuhlola kunikeza uphawu lokufunda kwabafundi, ukusebenza kwesikole, nothisha. Nokho ukuhlola kungamathuluzi angacaci. Kungase kungawabonisi ngokunembile amakhono abo bonke abafundi, ikakhulukazi labo abanezizinda ezihluphekayo ababhekene nokukhathazeka, imingcele yolimi, noma ukungakwazi ukufinyelela ukuvivinya imithombo yokulungisa. Uma imiphumela yokuhlola isetshenziselwa ukuvala izikole, othisha abacishi bomlilo, noma ukuvimba, imiphumela yehla kakhulu emiphakathini enciphile ngokwezinga eliphansi. Ucwaningo lusikisela ukuthi imibuso ephakeme ithatha i-exace exbate ngokuhlola izinto ezingekho eziko ukuze ishesheshise izikole ukuba ikhiphe abafundi abakwaziyo ukuzenzela izinto eziphansi noma abafundi abasebenzayo.

Izikole Nezikole Ezikhethwayo

Izikole zeshadi zixhaswe obala kodwa zisetshenziswa ngokuzimele, ngokuvamile zilula kakhulu ezifundweni nasezisebenzini. Ziphakanyiswa njengezimoto zokuthuthukisa izinga ngokuncintisana nangokusungula. Nokho, ukuhlola kubonisa imiphumela exubile: amanye amaphepha-mthetho okukhipha izikole zomphakathi ezingokwesiko, kodwa amaningi awawasebenzisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhula komthetho-mthetho kungalulaza ukulinganisela ngokukhilisha abafundi abashukunyiswa kakhulu nokushiya labo abanezidingo ezikhethekile noma abanokuziphatha okunezinselele. Ukwabiwa kwezindawo zomthetho-mthetho kungaphazamisa futhi ukuhluleka ezikondlobongela izikole ezisaziwayo.

Imfundo Yasebuntwaneni

Umphakathi wonke usungulwa umthetho othandwayo we-'K', ohloselwe ukuvala igebe lokufunda esikoleni phakathi kwezingane ezithola imali ephansi nemikhaya engenisa imali eshibhile. Ukucwaninga kubonisa ukuthi imfundo yakuqala ephakeme iveza izinzuzo ezinde zesikhathi eside ekuphumeleleni kwezemfundo, inzuzo, nokuncishiswa kobugebengu. Kodwa uma i-K yangaphambi kwe-k yandisa ngokushesha, ukugcina izinga lezinga liyinselele. Kwezinye izizwe, izinhlelo zendawo yonke ziye zazama ukulwa nemali eyanele, iholo eliphansi labafundisi, nezindinganiso eziguquguqukayo, ziveza imiphumela engafinyeli imingcele. Ukuhweba kuyacaca: ukufinyelela (ukwenziwa) nokunciphisa izinga lokuzibeka engozini, noma ukufinyelela ekuqinisekiseni izindinganiso eziphakeme (ukulingana) kodwa zishiya imikhaya eminingi ngaphandle kokusekela. Izinhlelo ezingcono njengalezo ezise-Ocrome kanye nezindinganiso ze-19 Jersey zilawulwa kakhulu, uthisha abaqhubeka ngokusekela kakhulu, futhi basekela kakhulu.

Izici Eziwusizo Zokulinganisela Ubuhle Nemfanelo

Ukuthola ukulinganisela phakathi kokulingana nokubaluleka kudinga amasu amasha nokuzimisela ukuthuthukisa okuqhubekayo. Nazi izindlela eziningana ezingasiza ekufinyeleleni lokhu kulinganisela:

  • [ Imali efakiwe: Amanani ahlangene ngokukhethekile ezikoleni ezingaphansi kwemfundo ukuze uthuthukise kokubili ukufinyelela nezinga eliphezulu. Ukuxhasa abafundi abaholayo ngezindlela zokuxhasa izimali, lapho amadola alandela umfundi ngesilinganiso esengeziwe sesidingo, ayisibonelo esithembisayo.
  • Intuthuko ye-voducel:[ Invest ekuqeqesheni othisha ukusingatha izidingo zomfundi ezihlukahlukene, ukuthuthukisa izinga lemfundo kubo bonke. Ukufundisa okusabela ngokwesiko, umehluko, nemikhuba ehlelekile eyizindawo eziyinhloko.
  • Isivumelwano se-Community: ihlanganisa abazali nezinhlangano zendawo ekwenzeni izinqumo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubo zibonisa izidingo zomphakathi. Ukuhlanganyela ekuhleleni uhlelo lwemali nemikhandlu yezesikole kunganikeza amazwi emaqenjini ancishisiwe.
  • [[NTL:0] I-Driven appives: Sebenzisa ama-data achazayo ukuhlukanisa izikhala ezihlangene nezingalo, ezivumela ukungenela kokwaziswa. Izimiso zokwaziswa akufanele nje zilandele izilinganiso kodwa futhi zikwazi ukufinyelela ezifundweni eziphambili, izinga lokuyala, kanye nenhlala kahle yabafundi.
  • Imilinganiso ehlukene yokulandisa: Hamba ngalé kokuhlolwa ukuze kuhlanganiswe izilinganiso, imisebenzi, ukuhlola isimo sezulu, nezinga lokuthweswa iziqu esikoleni. Lokhu kunciphisa izisusa eziphambene zokuhlola amaphakamiso aphezulu futhi kunikeze isithombe esigcwele sokusebenza kwesikole.
  • [[NTL:0] Ukufaka izikole zomphakathi ezinikeza impilo, impilo engokwengqondo, ukudla, kanye nezinhlelo zangemva kwesikole izimpawu ezivimbela ukufunda, ezithuthukisa ukulinganisela futhi zivumela abafundi ukuba bagxile ezifundweni eziqinile.

Indima Yezobuchwepheshe Ekwenzelweni Kwemfundo Nezinga

Ubuchwepheshe bunendima ebalulekile ekulolongeni isimiso semfundo, ukunikeza amathuba nezinselele ekufuneni ukulingana nokubaluleka. I-Online yokufunda amapulatifomu, i-apps, nemithombo yezobuchwepheshe inganikeza abafundi abangase bangabi nazo. Ngokwesibonelo, umfundi esifundeni sasemaphandleni angathatha izifundo ezithuthukile ezifundweni ezingokoqobo, noma umfundi ozamayo angasebenzisa i-software elungisa inkinga ngesikhathi sangempela. Amathuluzi anjalo angakwazi ukuveza imfundo engcono futhi aphakamise izinga labo bonke.

Nokho, ukuhlukanisa kwemitapo kuseyindaba enzima. Abafundi abasendaweni ethola imali encane bangase bantule umnyango odingekile wobuchwepheshe, njenge-Internet ethembekile, imishini, kanye nokusekelwa kwezobuchwepheshe. Leligebe libizwa ngokuthi i- "igebe lokusebenza" ngoba abafundi abangenakho ukufinyelela i-intanethi bazama ukuqeda izabelo ezidinga ukucwaninga nge-intanethi noma ukuthobela. Phakathi nobhadane lwe-COVID-19, ukushintshela ekufundeni kude okubekwe kude okungakhombathiwe. Ngokwe- Isikhungo sokucwaninga ngolwazi , cishe amaphesenti angu-35% emakhaya anabantwana namali eholweni engaphansi kwe-R1 000 ekhaya. Ngakho, ukutshala ubuchwepheshe obungenayo, ukusakaza, ukuhlanganisa, ukuhlanganisa nokuqeqesha kobuchwepheshe kwe-misebe lwe-FLGB] kungenza wonke amathuba okungcono ekuthole.

Izibonelo Zokushintsha Kwezobuchwepheshe

  • Ukugcwalisa izifekethiso ezifundayo ezihlanganisa i-intanethi nemfundo elandelanayo ukuze zanelise izitayela zemfundo ezihlukene. Lokhu kungakhulula othisha ukuba banikeze ukusekela okufunwa kakhulu abafundi abakufuna kakhulu.
  • Ubuchwepheshe bokufunda obuvumelana nezimo obusiza ukuba ulwazi lwemfundo olusekelwe ezidingweni zomfundi ngamunye. Izindlela zobuciko ezifana neKhan Academy, IXL, neDreem Box zivumela abafundi ukuba basebenze ngesilinganiso sabo siqu, bavale amagebe lapho beqhubeka besebenzisa ikhono labo lobucukubhe.
  • Ukwakha ubuhlobo nezinkampani zobuchwepheshe ukuze kunikeze izisetshenziswa ne-inthanethi egcinelwe imiphakathi. Izinyathelo ezifana nohlelo lwe-E-Rate kahulumeni kanye nobudlelwane bomphakathi bendawo kuye kwasiza, kodwa kuningi okudingekayo.
  • Ukuthuthukisa imithombo yemfundo evulekile (OER) yokunciphisa izindleko zezincwadi nokuqinisekisa ukuthi bonke abafundi bayakwazi ukuthola izinto zamuva. Izwe elinjenge-Utah ne-California liye lasungula iqoqo le-OER elisindisa izigidi futhi lithuthukise ukuhleleka.

Ukuhlola Izenzakalo: Ukulinganisela Okuphumelelayo Kwendlela Yokuphila Nemfanelo

Izifunda zesikole eziningi nezinhlangano zemfundo ziye zaphumelela ekulawuleni ukuhwebelana phakathi kwezimiso ezilungile nezingalo.

Isifundo Sendaba Sokuqala: Impumelelo Yezikole Zomphakathi EDolobheni laseNew York

Isikole sesikole somphakathi saseNew York City, saqala ngo-2014, sahlanganisa iziyalezo zemfundo, izinkonzo zezempilo, ukuthembisana komkhaya, kanye nokubambisana komphakathi. Izikole zivuleka amahora amaningi futhi zisebenza njengezindawo zezinkonzo zomphakathi. iNhlangano yamuva ihlola [ yathola ukuthi izikole zomphakathi zathuthukisa inani labafundi e-NYC, iziqubulo, ukuthweswa iziqu, nokuhileleka kwabazali, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziphezulu. Bazithengise lezi nzuzo ngaphandle kwezindinganiso zemfundo ezingokwemfundo; eqinisweni, abafundi besikole somphakathi babonisa intuthuko yezemfundo ngesikhathi. Ngokukhuluma nomntwana wonke, lezi zikole ziphula ukuhweba kwezero-umcom.

Isifundo sendaba 2: Umhlaba wonke ophezulu ophambili obekwe eNew Jersey

Uhlelo lwe-Abbott yasenkulisa yaseNew Jersey, olwasungulwa ngemva kochungechunge lwezinqumo zenkantolo, lunikeza izingane imfundo ephakeme yasekuqaleni ezifundeni ezingu-31 ezifikayo. Uhlelo lugunyaza othisha abancomelayo, amakilasi amancane, izifundo ezisekelwe ebufakazi, nokusekelwa okusongiwe. Izifundo zesikhathi eside, kuhlanganise nomsebenzi Inhlangano yesizwe yezemfundo eqalayo (NEER)[FLT], zibonisa ukuthi izingane ezithathe igabeni lemfundo ephakeme kakhulu, futhi zihambisa imfundo ekhethekile ephakeme kakhulu ngezifundo zesikole sabaqalayo. Isihluthulelo sasiyisibopho sokufinyelela ngisho nezindinganiso ezingenisweni ezikhuliswe [1] Ukusola umqondo wokuthi impela kumelwe ifike ngezindleko.[FLT] [FLT] [FLT]] [FLY]] [1], zibonisa ukuthi izingane ezithathe izindleko eziphambili zemali eziphambili zezeze

Isifundo sendaba 3: Idolobha Lobumbano, iNew Jersey/A Isifunda Esilinganiselayo Zombili

I-Union City, isifunda esincane, esinezifiki ezinkulu eNew Jersey, siye sadunyiswa ngenxa yomsebenzi waso ophakeme ngokuqhubekayo naphezu kokusebenza ngokunenzuzo ephansi, inani labantu abakhuluma izilimi eziningi. Isifunda sasebenzisa inqubo evumelanayo: inkulisa ephelele yosuku, amakilasi amancane asemaphasejini akuqala, izinhlelo zezinhlamvu ezimbili, intuthuko eqinile, nokufundisa ngemininingwane ephakeme. Kunokuba ithathe izinguquko ezingokwezinga eliphansi, i-Unity City igxile ekuzinzeni nasekuthuthukiseni okuqhubekayo. Izinga lokuthweswa kwayo isilinganiso saqhubeka ngaphezu kuka-90%, nabafundi abambalwa bezwe ngokwesilinganiso esivamile sokuhlolwa okuvamile. Isifunda sibonisa ukuthi ukuphumelela nobuhle bezentengo okungathengiswayo uma imithombo isetshenziswa ngempoqolo yezentengo yomphakathi nokwethemba umphakathi kunamandla.

Ukutuswa Kwezimiso Zokuqhubekela Phambili

Nakuba lingekho ikhambi elilinganayo, izimiso eziningana zingaqondisa abenzi bezimiso esimisweni semfundo esilinganiselwe kakhulu:

  1. [ Ukutshala imali eshicilelwe ebuntwaneni obuncane kanye nezinqanda-phambili. Ukufinyelela emkhathini kubalulekile, kodwa kubaluleke kanjalo nothisha abanekhono, inqubo efanelekile yesikole, nephansi ye-pactial ye-athonsi yezingane. I-United States kufanele ikhe izimiso eziqoqwe ezibonisa izinga elifanele ezilandelanayo ezisekela intuthuko eqhubekayo.
  2. Sebenzisa imali exhaswe abafundi abasindayo futhi ugcine izikole zinecala lemiphumela elinganayo. Imali kufanele ilandele abafundi, nobunzima obungeziwe bobumpofu, isimo somfundi wesiNgisi, nokukhubazeka. Ngokushintshana, izikole akufanele zilinganiswe nje ngesilinganiso esivamile kodwa kufanele zivalwe kahle amagebe amaqoqo amaqebengwana.
  3. Izimiso zokulandisa okunesilinganiso esiningi. Ukuhlola kufanele kwazise, hhayi ukuphoqa. Hlanganisa izinyathelo zesimo sezulu sesikole, ukuthembisana kwabafundi, ukuhlanganyela kobuciko, nokufunda ukuzwana komphakathi. Lokhu kunikeza isithombe esingcono kakhulu futhi kunciphise izisusa zokudlala isimiso.
  4. [[FLT: 0]] Izikole zomphakathi nezinkonzo ezihlanganisa indawo yonke. izikole azikwazi ukuqeda ubumpofu ngokwazo, kodwa zinganciphisa imiphumela yazo ngokusebenzelana nezinhlangano zenkonzo yezempilo nezenhlalo. Lemali ikhokhela ukuba khona, ukuziphatha, nokufunda.
  5. Ukutholakala kwemitayela elinganayo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlangeneyo ngokucabangela. Iqoqo lemisebe nemishini kuyisisekelo esibalulekile, kodwa ubuchwepheshe kufanele bube yithuluzi lokufunda ngokujulile, hhayi ukudluliselwa kokwanele nje. Ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe ekuhlanganiseni izinto zobuchwepheshe okuphumelelayo kubalulekile.
  6. Ukukhetha isikole seFoster phakathi kwesimiso sokulunga. Uma kukhona umthetho-mvume noma izikole zikazibuthe, kufanele zidingeke ukuze zibonise izinhlobonhlobo zenani labafundi balesi sifunda, zivume ingxenye elungile yabafundi abadinga izidingo ezikhethekile, futhi zithotye izinga elifanayo nezikole zomphakathi ezingokwesiko.

Isiphetho

Ukuthengiselana phakathi kwe-equoty nemfanelo yenkambiso yemfundo kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kunezici eziningi. Nakuba ukulwela kokubili izifiso kungaletha izinselele, kubalulekile kubafundisi nabenzi bezimiso ukuba basebenze ngokubambisana ukuze basungule izimiso ezikhonza bonke abafundi ngokuphumelelayo. Ukukhohlisa okungamanga kokuthi kumelwe sikhethe enye phezu kwenye kuyingozi. Umlando ubonisa ukuthi uma ukulinganisela kuphishekelwa ngokuzimisela okulinganayo kokuzimela izinga elifanele, kuxhomeke emfundweni, ngobufakazi obusekelwe entweni, futhi ukubonke ukubophana komphakathi kungathuthuka. Indlela engaphambili idinga ukwethembeka kokuhlakanipha ngokuphathelene nokuhwebelana, ukuzimisela ukufunda ezibonelweni eziphumelelayo, nokwenqaba ngenkani ukuthatha noma yimuphi umntwana. Ngokuthatha amakhambiso nokusekela imali, singashukumisela phambili ezingeni ezingeni ezingenisweni zemfundo eziphambili nezinhlangothini eziphambili zomphakathi eziphambili.