Zonke izinqumo zomphakathi zithwala ukuphikisana okuzuzwayo phakathi kwezindinganiso ezincintisanayo. Phakathi kwento ephikelelayo nelandelayo yalokhu kucindezeleka yintengo phakathi kokulingana nokuphumelela. Abenzi bemithetho kumelwe bahlole ukulingana kokwabiwa kwempahla ngokumelene nokubaluleka kokusebenzisa lezo ngcebo ngokunenzuzo. Ukuqonda lokhu kunamandla kubalulekile ekubuseni okuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yezenhlalo iyonke. Ukulinganisela okulungile akuyona indaba yokukhetha okungcono kwenye kodwa ukwenza izahlulelo ezisekelwe kuyo ezibonisa izinto eziza kuqala emphakathini, izibophophono ezingokokuziphatha.

Ukuhweba ngokulinganayo kusemqoka kwezentengiselwano zezentengiselwano nezezimali zomphakathi. I-stature ikhathalela ukwabiwa kwemithombo namathuba phakathi kwabantu namaqembu, kuyilapho ukusebenza kahle kugxila ekuthuthukiseni inzuzo ephelele etholakala emfunweni eyindlala. Lemigomo ngokuvamile idonsela ezinhlangothini ezingafani: izimiso ezithuthukisa ukulinganisela okunganciphisa ukuphuma kwezomnotho, nezimiso ezithuthukisa ukulingana kwempumelelo. Ukugcizelela lokhu kucindezeleka kudinga ukuqonda okujulile kwakho kokubili imiqondo kanye nemiphumela yangempela yezwe.

Ukuchaza Ukulingana Nokuphumelela Kwemithetho

Ukuze kuhlaziywe ukuhweba ngokuphumelelayo, kudingekile ukucacisa ukuthi ukulingana nokusebenza kahle kusho ukuthini. Lamagama angaqondakali athatha isimo esithile kuye ngokuthi isimiso sinjani kanye nezindinganiso zabenzi besinqumo abahilelekile.

Ukulinganisa Kobulungisa

ivame ukuhlukaniswa ngokwezigaba ezimbili ezinkulu: ukulingana okuthe ukulingana nokuthe nkqo. Ukutsheka okuthe tyaba kukholelwa ukuthi abantu abakwizimo ezifanayo kufanele baphathwe ngokulinganayo. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu ababili abahola imali efanayo nobukhulu bomkhaya kufanele bakhokhe imali efanayo ezintelani. Ukulingana okungalingani, ngokungafani, kuhilela ukuthi abantu ezimweni ezihlukene kufanele baphathwe ngokwehlukile ukuze bafinyelele ubulungisa. Intela eqhubekayo, lapho abaholi abaholi abaphezulu bekhokha ingxenye enkulu yeholo labo ezintelani, bayinqubo evamile yokukhokha intela eqonde phezulu.

Ngaphandle kwalezincazelo ezingokomthetho, i-quity ihlanganisa futhi ukungakhethi okungokomlando − umqondo wokuthi izinqubo ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza izinqumo zisobala, ziphelele, futhi azinakubandlululwa. Ukuhlukanisa okuhlukanisayo kubheka imiphumela: ukuthi imithombo, amathuba, nezinkonzo zabelwa ngendlela elungisa ukuhluleka komlando futhi iqinisekisa izinga lokuphila lakho konke. Lendlela ebanzi yokuzenzela izinto isho ukuthi abenzi bezimiso akumelwe bacabangele kuphela ukusakaza kokugcina kodwa futhi bacabangele indlela izinqumo ezenziwa ngayo futhi bahlanganyele ngayo.

Izinga Lokwaneliseka

ukuphumelela kwezomnotho kuvame ukubhekisela ekusebenzeni okungokomnotho kanye nasekusebenzeni kahle. Ukuphumelela kokwembula inzuzo kwenzeka lapho kuhanjiswa imithombo ukuze inzuzo engaphansi komphakathi ilingana nezindleko zomngcele. Emakethe encintisanayo, izimpawu zokuncintisana okuphelele lapho imithombo yemali ifanele igeleze, okuholela ekukhiqizweni ngokulinganayo. Impumelelo engokomnotho isho ukuveza izimpahla nezinkonzo ngezindleko eziphansi kakhulu, ngokuvamile zifinyezwe ngemincintiswano, inzuzo, nangokomnotho.

Kumthetho womphakathi, ukuphumelela kuvame ukulinganiswa ngokuhlola izindleko zezindleko, okufanisa zonke izinzuzo zezenhlalo nezindleko zayo eziphelele zomphakathi. Impumelelo enamandla icabangela indlela izimiso ezithinta ngayo ukusungulwa kwemisebenzi nokukhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Isimiso esivimbela ukusungulwa kwendlela esheshayo esheshayo singalimaza impumelelo yesikhathi eside ngisho noma kubonakala sengathi izindleko zanamuhla zikhona. Ukuqonda lokhu kuchaza kusiza abenzi bezimiso ukuba bagweme ukuthengwa okulula futhi baqaphele ukuthi impumelelo ayiyona into eyodwa kodwa umkhaya wemibono.

Isisekelo Se - Tradoff

Ukuthena phakathi kwe-equity nempumelelo kwadunyiswa kakhulu isazi sezomnotho uArthur Okun encwadini yakhe ka 1975 ukulingana nokungalingani: I-Big Tradeboff. IOkun yasebenzisa isingathekiso se- “bhakethi eliqinile” ukuveza inkinga. Ake sithi ukudlulisela imali kwabacebile kwabampofu kwabasebenzisa ibhakede. Ibhakebhakede elishintshwayo liyalahleka enqubweni yezindleko zokuphatha, inciphe izisusa, nokuhlanekezelwa kwezomnotho. Isihluthulelo siwukuthi umphakathi uzimisele kangakanani ukukwazi ukukhokha ukufinyelela izinga elikhulu lokungahlengi. Uma ibhoka kakhulu, umzamo ungakhubaza kakhulu, woma woma ekhiwolizayo, womabili inzuzo ehlolweni ehlosiwe, futhi unciphe inzuzo ehlosiwe.

Isimiso sika-Okun sisalokhu sinethonya, kodwa siye sathuthukiswa ngokucwaninga okulandelayo. Ezinye izazi zezomnotho ziphikisa ngokuthi ukuhweba ngezimali akubi okungathi sína ngaso sonke isikhathi njengoba kwasikisela u-Okun. Ngokwesibonelo, izimiso ezinciphisa ubumpofu obukhulu zingathuthukisa impilo, imfundo, nomkhiqizo, ngaleyondlela zithuthukisa impumelelo esikhathini eside. Ngokufanayo, ukwanda kwemithombo yemali ngokungalinganiyo ngokwayo kungaba okungalingani, njengalapho imiphakathi empofu ithwala inkathazo yokungcola noma ukuhluleka ukufinyelela izinkonzo ezibalulekile. Ubuhlobo phakathi kobubhanana nokwenenzalo lunamandla nokubaluleka komongo, hhayi umdlalo we-erom.

Izentengiselwano zomphakathi zanamuhla ziqaphela ukuthi intengiselwano ikhona kodwa ukuthi ubukhulu bayo buyahluka. Ukunwebeka kwenani lomsebenzi, ukulahlekelwa kwentela enzima, nokusabela kokuziphatha kwefemu nabantu ngabanye konke kunquma ubukhulu bemvuzo ebhakedeni. Izimiso zentela ezihlelwa kahle zinganciphisa ukuhlanekezelwa kokungavumelani kuyilapho zisaphakamisa inzuzo yezinhlelo zokuguqula. Inselele ikhona ekuklameni izimiso ezithatha izinzuzo zokusebenza ngokusemthethweni ngaphandle kokukhokha izindleko ezivimbelayo.

Izinselele Zokubeka Isilinganiso Esifanele

Lapho abakhi bemithetho begcizelela ukubaluleka okukhulu kokulingana, ngokuvamile bathatha izinyathelo zokuphakamisa ezihloselwe ukulinganisela igebe lemali eholwayo, ingcebo, namathuba.

Isimiso Sokuziphatha Esivamile Esivamile

  • Intela eqhubekekayo: Izinga eliphezulu lentela kubaholi abaphezulu bakhokhele izinhlelo zezenhlalakahle ezisiza imikhaya ehola imali ephansi. Lokhu kunciphisa ngokuqondile ukungalingani kweholo langemva kwentela.
  • Izinhlelo ze-Sucial Welfare:[ Ukuthutha ngemali, usizo lokudla, iziqinisekiso zokufihla indawo yokuhlala, kanye nokunakekela impilo yonke kunikeza inethi lokuphepha eliqinisekisa izinga lokuphila eliyisisekelo.
  • [[FLT: 0] Isenzo esiqinisekisiwe ne-Olimpine Octrounity Policies: Lenhloso yokulungisa ukucwaswa okungokomlando ngokunikeza ukufinyelela okungcono kwemfundo, umsebenzi, noma izivumelwano emaqenjini angaphansi kwamandla.
  • Imithetho ephansi kakhulu: Ukunyusa umholo omncane kungaphakamisa izisebenzi ezihola imali ephansi empucukweni, nakuba kunganciphisa futhi umsebenzi phakathi kwezisebenzi ezikhokhelwa phansi uma ziphezulu kakhulu.

Izindleko Ezingaba Khona Zokubeka Ubulungisa Phambili

  • Ithenjiswe i-Incentives for Producective: Izinga lentela eliphezulu eliseceleni lingadumaza umzamo womsebenzi, imali, kanye nohwebo, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabaholi abaholayo abaziphathayo zizwela kakhulu ekushintsheni intela.
  • Isimiso sokuphatha ne Compliance Burders: izinhlelo zokuguqula izinhlelo zidinga izikhulu ukuze ziqoqe izintela, ziqinisekise ukufezeka, futhi zisakaza izinzuzo. Lokhu kunciphisa inani lenetha elikhona ukuze lidluliswe.
  • Ukufakwa kweZinzuzo: Uma ukuxhasa imali noma ukulawula amanani kuphazamisa izimpawu zezentengiselwano, imithombo ingageleza isebenzise izinto ezingakhiqizi kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukulawula kwe-Rent kunganciphisa ukutholakala kwezindlu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
  • Ukusabela okungahleleki kwekhono:[ Izinzuzo zenhlalakahle yomusa zingadala izicupho zobumpofu uma abamukelayo belahlekelwa izinzuzo ngokushesha lapho beqala ukusebenza, kunciphisa isikhuthazo sokufuna umsebenzi.

Imiphumela yezimiso eziqondiswe ku-equotic ixhomeke endleleni eziklanywe ngayo. Izinhlelo ezifakwe kahle ezinezinga eliphakathi elinciphisa izisusa zomsebenzi ezingase zinciphise izindleko zempumelelo kuyilapho zisafinyelela igalelo elibalulekile. Isihluthulelo siwukugwema ukufinyelela izihloko ezifinyelelwe ezihlulekayo ukuveza ukusabela kokuziphatha.

Izingqinamba Zokuphumelela Kukakhulu

Ngakolunye uhlangothi lwale nqubo, izimiso ezigcizelela inhloso yokuphumelela kakhulu ukuze kukhishwe inzuzo enkulu, ngokuvamile ngokususa izithiyo zokuncintisana, ukunciphisa intela, nokuncika ezimisweni zezentengiselwano.

Isimiso Esivamile Sokusebenzela

  • Ukuhlela: Ukunciphisa izimfuneko zokulungisa, imingcele yendawo, nemithetho yendawo ezungezile inganciphisa izindleko zamabhizinisi futhi ishukumise ukungena okusha, ukuncintisana nomkhiqizo okhulayo.
  • [ Flat noma u-Mowtal Tax Rates: ukunciphisa ikhodi lentela nokugcina amazinga ephansi afuna ukunciphisa ukuhlanekezelwa kwemisebenzi nezinqumo zokutshala imali.
  • Ukuguqula kanye namakhambi asekelwe emakethe: ukuthengisa amabhizinisi kahulumeni noma ukusungula izimiso zokuqinisekisa imfundo nokunakekela impilo kungandisa ukukhetha nokuphumelela ngokuncintisana.
  • Izivumelwano zenkululeko yezohwebo: Ukuhlenga amajaji nemingcele yezohwebo kuvumela amazwe ukuba asebenzise inzuzo eqhathaniswa, akhuphule umkhiqizo wonke.

Izindleko Ezingase Zibikwe Ngokuthuthukisa Ukwaneliseka

  • Imiphumela yezentengiselwano ivame ukuvuza labo abanemali, amakhono, nezinzuzo ezikhona. Ngaphandle kokungenela kokulungisa, abacebile baceba kakhulu kuyilapho abampofu besalele emuva.
  • Ukungaqondi kweMiphakathi eMabala: Izimiso eziqondiswe kahle zivame ukungazinaki izimiso zangaphandle ezingezinhle ezibangelwa amaqembu angenazisulu, njengokungcola ezindaweni ezithola imali ephansi noma ukususwa kwemisebenzi emishinini nasehwebeni.
  • Inzuzo ye-Term ekhokhelwayo yoMnyango oMde we-Term: Izimiso zokunquma ukukhipha imithombo yemvelo zingandisa i-GDP esheshayo kodwa iqede impahla yezizukulwane ezizayo. Ngokufanayo, imfundo yomphakathi engathandeki namuhla ilondoloza imali kodwa inciphisa umkhiqizo wesikhathi esizayo.
  • Ukuhlanganiswa kweNkathi Yomphakathi: Ukungalingani okungathi sína kungaholela ekuntengantengisweni kwezombangazwe, ubugebengu, nokuncishiswa kokuthembela ezinhlanganweni, ekugcineni kulimaza isimo sezomnotho ezimisweni ezisekelwe ekusebenzeni kahle okuxhomeke kuso.

Umlando ubonisa ukuthi izindlela eziqondiswe ekusebenzeni okuphelele, njengalezo eziphishekelelwe phakathi nenkathi “yokwehla kwezomnotho” ngawo-1980, zaholela ekwandeni okukhulu kodwa futhi ekwandeni okukhulu kokungalingani. Inselele kubenzi bezimiso banamuhla ukusekela ukuhweba ngezimali ngesikhathi kusungulwa izimiso ezisakaza izinzuzo.

Izifundo zecala lezwe langempela kuyi-Equity Tradoff

Ukuhlola izinhlelo zikakhonkolo kwembula indlela inqubo yokudayisa esetshenziswa ngayo. Lokhu kuhlola kubonisa umongo oxhomeke kulokhu kukhethwa nokubaluleka kokuklanywa kwezimiso ngokucophelela.

Umthetho wokunakekela impilo: Umhlaba wonke uphethulwa ngokuphikisana. Imakethe yokuphumelela

I-United States iphethe isimiso sokunakekela impilo esixubile nezakhi zomphakathi eziqinile, kuyilapho amanye amazwe athuthukile aye athatha izingqapheli ezibonisa imbulunga yonke. Izimiso zokunakekela impilo yendawo yonke − njengalezo zaseCanada, eUnited Kingdom, naseJalimane(iklanyelwe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukutholakala ngokulinganayo kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iholo noma isikhundla semisebenzi. Lezi zimiso zinciphisa izithiyo ezingokwezimali ezivimbela abantu ukuba bathole ukunakekelwa okuphansi, zithuthukise imiphumela yempilo nokunciphisa ukuhlukana.

Nokho, ikhokha lembulunga yonke ngokuvamile kudinga intela ephakeme nemithetho kahulumeni ebanzi, okunganciphisa ukwenziwa kwezobuchwepheshe obusha futhi kunciphise ukuncintisana phakathi kwabagcini-mshwane. Ngokwesibonelo, izikhathi ezinde zokulinda izinhlelo zokuvota ziwukukhala okuqhubekayo, okubonisa izindleko zempumelelo zentengo ye-quiting-directive. Kwesinye isandla, i-U.S. i-ssion encike kakhulu kumshuwalense wezezimali nomqashi kuye kwaholela ezindlekweni eziphakeme zokulawula, ukuguquguquka okukhulu, futhi ukulahlekelwa okungakhohlakazekanga okungakho okungakho konke. Akukho kulinganisa okuphelele kwezimiso zombili imigomo; iqophelo ngalinye eliveza iqophelo elihlukile kwezentengo yezentengo.

Ukuxhasa Imfundo: Ukuhlanganisa ama-padisi olwazi. Ukunciphisa Imiphumela

Isimiso semfundo sivame ukuphikisana nempumelelo. Indlela ejwayelekile yokuthuthukisa ukulingana iwukunikezela imali eyengeziwe ezikoleni ezisezindaweni ezithola imali ephansi, ukunciphisa izinhlobonhlobo zemali esetshenziswayo ngakunye. Izinhlelo ezinjengesihloko I eUnited States ziqondisa amadollar kahulumeni ezikoleni ezinobumpofu obukhulu. I-ace isho ukuthi imithombo eyengeziwe ingasiza ekukhokheleni izinkinga ngaphandle kwesikole, inciphise inkundla yokudlala.

Kodwa ukuchitha imali eningi akuqinisekisi imiphumela engcono yabafundi. Ukuhlola kuye kwabonisa ukuthi ubuhlobo phakathi kwemali yesikole nokuphumelela kwemfundo bulinganiselwe kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma izimali zingasetshenziswa ngokuphumelelayo. Abagxeki abachazayo baphikisa ngokuthi imithombo kufanele iqhubekele ezimisweni ezivunyiwe kakhulu ezibuyayo ezivunyiweyo. Ngokungathi ziwukufundisa uthisha usemncane noma uhlonze uthisha obekiwe, noma uma lezo zinhlelo zingabekwanga ngokulinganayo. Ukukhathazeka kuba kubi kakhulu uma izimali zivimbela ukuhlelwa kwemali phakathi kokwandisa izindleko eziphansi kakhulu kubo bonke abahleli ezikoleni (iiqini) noma ukuzigxilisa eziteshini ezimbalwa ezingeni eliphezulu (ukuphumelela). Ekugcineni, indlela engcono kakhulu ingahlanganisa ukukhathalela okulinganiselwe ngokusetshenziswa kobufakazi obuningi: ukuhlasela izikole ezingenanzuzo.

Imithetho Yendawo Ezungezile: Ukuvikela Imiphakathi Ngokumelene Nokwanda Kwezomnotho

Isimiso sendawo ezungezile sinikeza umfanekiso ocacile wentengiselwano yokusebenza ngokulinganayo. .(ngokuvamile) entengantengayo enciphisekile kanye nencane ) ithwala ingxenye enkulu kakhulu yengozi yendawo ezungezile, njengokusondelana nokungcola kwezezimboni, amanzi angcolile, nokuntuleka kwendawo eluhlaza. Izehlulelo zendawo ezungezile ziphikisa imithetho eqinile enciphisa lokhu kungabi nabulungisa, ngisho nangezindleko zokunciphisa umsebenzi wezomnotho ezimbonini ezingcolisayo.

Nokho, imithetho eqinile ingaphakamisa izindleko zokuthobela amabhizinisi, okuholela ekutshaleni ukuvaleka noma ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi emangxenyeni afana nokukhiqiza nokumba. Izindleko zempumelelo zingalinganiselwa ekunciphiseni i-GDP namanani aphakeme kubathengi. Inselele ukuklama imithetho efeza inzuzo enenjongo ngaphandle kokubeka imithwalo enzima kwezomnotho. Ngokwesibonelo, izimiso zokuhweba ngemishini ezifaka isivalo sokungcola futhi zivumele izimboni zokuhwebelana zinciphise ukungcola ngezindleko eziphansi kunemithetho eqinile nemithetho elawulayo. Isembobo ingaqiniswa ngesikhathi ukuncishiswa kwemiza ekhudlwanayo ukuze ivikele izinzuzo ezingeni eliphezulu zamandla aphakeme. Ukudamba okunjalo kunganciphisa ukungcola okungalawuleki kakhulu kunemithetho engcono kakhulu kunemithetho ephakeme.

Umthetho Wentela: Izinga Eliqhubekayo Nje Ngezinombolo.

Inkambiso yentela mhlawumbe iyinkundla eqondile yokuthengiselana ngokulinganayo. Intela yeholo eqhubekekayo iyithuluzi eliyinhloko lokusekela izimali zabavuzi abaphezulu kubasebenzeli abaphansi. Nokho amazinga aphakeme entela aphansi angadumaza umsebenzi, ukulondolozwa, nokutshalwa kwemali, ukulahlekelwa okunzima. Imithetho yentela yase-U.S. i-compactive ikhubaze intuthuko ephakeme (amazinga aphakeme angaphezulu kwa 90% kuma-1950) kanye nentuthuko (izinga eliphezulu le-28% yenguquko yentela ka-1986).

Ukucwaninga okungokwezimo kusikisela ukuthi izindleko eziphezulu zentela zinyukela phezulu ngesilinganiso sentela, okusho ukuthi ukuthuthuka okusesilinganisweni kubangela ukuhlanekezelwa okuncane, kuyilapho amazinga aphakeme kakhulu ezomnotho engabangela umonakalo omkhulu. Izincwadi zentela, ezaqongelelwa uJames Mirrlees, zibonisa ukuthi izinga eliphezulu lentela lifanele libekwe lapho inzuzo engcono kakhulu ilingana khona nenzuzo engokwenhlalo yokusebenza okuncishisiwe. Izibalo zamuva ze-United States zibeka izinga eliphakeme kakhulu kwezomnotho cishe ngama-40-50%, nakuba inani eliqondile lixhomeke ekuthatheni ukulingana kwesimilo nokwehluka komphakathi. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi intengo yezentengo ephambili ayiyona inzuzo ephambili ehlawulwayo entelani ayiyona indlela yokukhetha kodwa inqubo elandelanayo elandela ngokunakekelayo.

Ukulinganisa Nokukhipha Imishini Yokuhwebelana

Ukuze benze izinqumo ezinolwazi, abenzi bezimiso badinga amathuluzi okulinganisa kokubili ukulinganisela nokusebenza kahle. Izindleko ze-CBA) iwuhlelo oluyindinganiso lokuhlola impumelelo, ukuguqula wonke amathonya abe yizilinganiso zemali nokuqhathanisa ingqikithi yezinzuzo zomphakathi nezindleko zomphakathi. Nokho, iCBA engokwesiko iyazishaya indiva imiphumela yokusakaza, ukuphathwa kwe-dollar elizuzwe ngezigidi eziyinkulungwane zezigidi njengemali ezuzwe umuntu ompofu. Lokhu kuthambekela okuphelele kungaholela ezinkonzweni ezilimazayo ezingokomthetho.

Ukuze baqonde lokhu, abanye abahlaziyi basebenzisa ukuhlolwa kwezindleko ze-benefit, okunika amaqembu ahlukene izinsimbi ezisekelwe ekutholeni kwabo imali ephansi. Idollar elithunyelwe emkhayeni ompofu linamanani ezenhlalo amakhulu kunamaRandi athathwa ekhaya elicebile ngoba umkhaya ompofu uthola imali engcono kakhulu emalini eyengeziwe. Ngokufaka izilinganiso ezidluliswayo, abenzi bemithetho bangawenza angcono futhi bakhethe izinqubo ezithuthukisa umsebenzi wenhlala - kahle kunaleyo ewufaka emalini ewumholo nje.

Enye indlela ewusizo ukwenza ukuhlola imiphumela ehlangene nokuhlola impumelelo. Lokhu kuhlola kubonisa ukuthi yimaphi amaqembu azokuthonywa yinqubo, ukuthi amathonya amakhulu kangakanani, nokuthi lesimiso sinciphisa noma sinciphisa izinhlobonhlobo ezikhona. Ohulumeni abaningi manje bafuna ukuhlolwa okunjalo emikhankasweni emikhulu, njengoba kuboniswa kuyi-United Kingdom’s Conception Reference Duty noma i-Gender - Literation Plugist Plution. Nakuba lamathuluzi enezela ubunkimbinkimbinkimbi, bayasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukugcinwa kwezimiso ezinkulu zemisebenzi yempumelelo.

Izici Zokulinganisela Nokuphumelela

Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi kokubili ukulingana nokusebenza kahle, umgomo awukona ukufinyelela ukuphelela ngakunoma yikuphi kodwa ukuthola ukuvumelana okusebenzayo. Amasu alandelayo abonakala ephumelela emongweni ohlukahlukene:

  • Iziphazamiso ezifinyelelweyo ezinezinhlangothi ezincinci: Esikhundleni sezinhlelo ezibanzi zokuguqula, sebenzisa izidluliso eziqondiswe ezifinyelela isidingo esingcono kakhulu ngezisusa zomsebenzi eziphansi kakhulu. Ukuthunyelwa kwemali ehlelekile, njengohlelo lwe-Progresa yase-Mexico, kuye kwaphumelela kakhulu ekunciphiseni ubumpofu kuyilapho kukhuthazwa ukuba khona esikoleni kanye nokuvinjelwa kwempilo.
  • Ukusebenza ngokunenzuzo-izinga: Ezinye izinqubo zithuthukisa kokubili ukulingana nokusebenza kahle ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngokwesibonelo, ukutshala imfundo yabantwana bakudala kuveza inzuzo ephakeme ngokwemali engcono, ubugebengu obuncishisiwe, nempilo engcono. Ukwandisa ukungenela ekunakekeleni abantwana okungakhomba kungandisa ukungenela kwezisebenzi phakathi kwabesifazane, ukwanda kokukhishwa kwayo yonke nakuba isilinganiso sobulili nemali isesilinganini.
  • Intela eqhubekekayo ye-Iandouvian: Intela engaphandle engekho-mthethweni [1] njengentela yekhabhoni noma ukuminyana kwentela . Ingalungisa ukuhluleka kwezentengiselwano kuyilapho ikhiqiza inzuzo engasetshenziswa ukunqanda inzuzo engcono ehhlawulwayo emikhayeni ethola imali ephansi. Inzuzo ingabuyiswa ngenzuzo ye-impyubhu noma ngokukhokhelwa, yenza isimiso sibe ngokuphumelelayo futhi sihleleke.
  • Imikhumbi-mphini ehlangene namalungiselelo e-Equity: Ekwakheni izakhiwo nasemsebenzini, ukubambisana phakathi kukahulumeni namafemu azimele kungasebenzisa impumelelo yangasese yeqembu kuyilapho kuqinisekisa ukufinyelela kwenani labantu abangaqashwanga. Imithetho ingahlanganisa izimfuneko zokusebenza ukuze ukhonze imiphakathi ethola imali ephansi, i-primeding, noma i-odentificity emabhodini abaphathi.
  • I-Driven Policy Iteration: Izinhlelo zokuhamba ngendiza, ukulingwa okulawulwa ngokungenazimiso, nokugada okuqhubekayo kuvumela abenzi bezimiso ukuba bazi ukuthi yimuphi umsebenzi ongcono kakhulu wokungena nokulungisa indlela esheshayo. Ukusebenzisa ubufakazi bokucwenga uhlelo lwenqubo kunciphisa amathuba emiphumela engahleliwe futhi kusize ukuthola amakhambi okulinganisela ngokungcono kunemibono yokuqala.

Isiphetho

Ukuhwebelana phakathi kwe-equoth nenjwayezi kuyisihloko esingapheli esimisweni somphakathi, esingaqedwa kodwa singalawulwa. Ukuqonda izincazelo, izisekelo ezicatshangelwayo, kanye nokubonakaliswa kwangempela kwalokhu kucindezeleka kuhlomisela abenzi bezimiso ukuba benze izinqumo ezicatshange kakhudlwana. Akukho sici esisodwa esisebenza kuyo yonke imikhakha; ukulinganisela okufanelekile kuxhomeke emongweni oqondile, izindinganiso zomphakathi, nobufakazi obukhona kulokho okukhona.

Ukubusa okuphumelelayo kudinga ukuzimisela ukuhileleka ekuthengeni i-tempoff obala, kunokuba kuzenze sengathi umgomo owodwa ungaphishekelwa ngaphandle kwezindleko kwenye. Ngokusebenzisa amathuluzi afana nokuhlola izindleko zokusakaza, ukungenela, nokuqondisa kobufakazi, abenzi bezimiso bangaklama izixazululo eziqhubekisela phambili kokubili ngokulinganayo nangempumelelo. Ekugcineni, ubuciko benqubo yomphakathi buxhomeke ekunqumeni ukuthi umphakathi ovuzayo uzimisele ukubekezelela kangakanani ibhakede lika-Okin (nendlela yokuklama ibhakede ngokwalo) futhi indlela yokuklama ibhakede ngokwalo ukuze unciphise ukuvuza kwalabo abacebile kuyilapho usaphatha amanzi abampofu.

Ukuze ufunde okwengeziwe, bheka umsebenzi wokuqala ka-OKL [[FLT: 0] ukulingana nokuphumelela: I-Big Tradepoff ukusuka kwi-Brookings Institution, i-World Bank ibonele nge-Equity[, kanye ne-IMF’S [FLT:] idiscus ekukhuleni nasekungalinganini [. Lemithombo inikeza ukunyukela kakhulu kuyo yomibili inkolelo nobufakazi obungaphiliyo ngemva kwentengiso ye-ective-externe.