Table of Contents

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho angokomthetho kubalulekile ekuhlanganyeleni ngokuqiniseka emisebenzini yomphakathi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlanganyela ekuvukeleni, ekuvoteni, noma ekuhleleni phakathi komphakathi, imithetho ehlukene kahulumeni nombuso iklanyelwe ukuvikela inkululeko yakho eyisisekelo. Ukuqaphela lezi sivikelo kusiza ekuqinisekiseni amalungelo akho asekelwa futhi ungawasebenzisa ngokuphephile nangempumelelo. Esikhathini lapho ukubophana komphakathi kubaluleke kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili, ukwazi uhlelo olungokomthetho oluvikela ukuhlanganyela kwakho ekubusweni kwedemokrasi kunika amandla okwenza izwi lakho lizwane lapho uvikela ekuxazululeni.

Isisekelo Samalungelo E - Civic EMelika

Ilungelo lokuhlangana ngokuthula liyingxenye yeSichibiyelo Sokuqala soMthetho-sisekelo wase-U.S. Lesivikelo sesisekelo, kanye nenkululeko yokukhuluma, yokunyathelisa, nesicelo, sakha itshe lentando yeningi yaseMelika. Ukuqaphela ukuthi uhulumeni uhambisana nesigaba futhi uphikisa ngokuthula kuphakathi kwamalungelo ayisisekelo aqinisekiswe nguMthetho-sisekelo we-United States. Sivikela abantu phakathi kwemikhakha yezombangazwe futhi sinezinhlangothi ezinamandla ezandisa amalungelo amaMelika ezizukulwane ngezizukulwane.

ISichibiyelo sokuqala asikho sodwa. Sisebenza ngokuvumelana nezinye izivikelo zomthetho-mthetho kanye nezimiso zikahulumeni ukuze sakhe uhlelo olubanzi lokuhlanganyela komphakathi. Ukuqonda indlela lemithetho ehlangene ngayo nokuthi iziphi isivikelo esiqondile okubalulekile kunoma ubani ofuna ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi, kusukela ekuyeni ehholo ledolobha ekuhleleni ukuboniswa okukhulu.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela ilungelo lakho lokuhlanganisa nokuveza imibono yakho ngokuphikisa. Nokho, amaphoyisa nezinye izikhulu zikahulumeni bavunyelwe ukubeka imingcele ethile elinganiselwe ekusebenziseni amalungelo okukhuluma. Lemithetho kumelwe ilinganiswe ngokucophelela ezinhlweni zakho zomthetho-sisekelo, futhi ukwazi ukuthi imingcele ingakusiza ukuba ubhekane nezivumelwano zomphakathi ngokuqiniseka.

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala Siyakuvikela: Ilungelo Lakho Lokukhuluma Nokuhlangana

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala sinikeza izingqimba eziningi zesivikelo ekuthembiseni umphakathi.Izenzo, imibhikisho, imibhikisho, imibuthano, ukuhlangana nje nabantu ukuba bacabange ngezinto, basho izinto, bazwakale, bonke bangahlanganiswa ngemihlangano enokuthula.

Lokho ISichibiyelo Sokuqala Esikuhlanganisayo

Amalungelo akho okuHlaziya iSichibiyelo sokuqala adlulela ezindleleni eziningi zokuveza izakhamuzi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubhikisha nokumasha okungokwesiko, kodwa futhi izindlela ezivamile zokubonisa. Ukulungisa kuvikela ilungelo lakho lokukhuluma okuphikisayo, ukusekela ushintsho, nokunxusa kukahulumeni wakho ukuba alungise izikhalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungahlela nabanye abahlanganyela izikhalo zakho, basabe izincwadi, bahlabe izimpawu, basho iziqubulo, futhi bahlanganyele kweminye imisebenzi evusa inkanuko.

Isivikelo sisebenza enkulumweni oyiphikisayo nekhulumayo, sihlanganisa lonke uhlobo lwezombangazwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usekela izimbangela ezingaguquki, ezikhululekile, noma ezingenazo isigaba, amalungelo akho omthetho-sisekelo ahlala efana. Uhulumeni akanakukhetha ngokusekelwe ekuquketheni noma ngombono wesigijimi sakho lapho uqondisa inkulumo nemihlangano.

Imingcele Yesikhathi Esinengqondo, Indawo Neyomuntu

Nakuba iSichibiyelo sokuqala sinikeza isivikelo esiqinile, asinikezi amalungelo angenamkhawulo. Izikhulu zikahulumeni zingabeka imingcele ethile elinganiselwe lapho, lapho, nalapho uwasebenzisa khona, nendlela owasebenzisa ngayo amalungelo akho. Lemigoqo kumelwe inciphe kuleyo mithetho, okusho ukuthi ayinakusekelwa kulokho okushoyo noma isigijimi osidluliselayo. Kumelwe futhi zihlonyiselwe ukufeza isithakazelo sikahulumeni esiphawulekayo futhi zishiye eminye imigwaqo evulekile yokuxhumana.

Ngokwesibonelo, idolobha lingase lidinge imvume yokuhlangana kwemibuthano emikhulu emapaki omphakathi ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezanele futhi kuvinjelwe izingxabano nezinye izenzakalo ezihleliwe. Imvume ayinakuphikwa ngenxa yesizathu sokubhikisha, futhi ayinakunqanyulwa ngenxa yezizathu zemibono. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi izimfuneko zifeza izinjongo ezingokomthetho zokuqondisa kunokuba zisebenze njengamathuluzi okuhlola.

Lapho Amaphoyisa Engenela Khona

Uma amaphoyisa ebona inkinga, ukuvala ukubhikisha kumelwe kube yindlela yokugcina. Kudingeka bazame ukubhekana nalenkinga ngendlela ehlosiwe kuqala. Ngakho uma umuntu edala ingozi noma ephula umthetho ekubhikisheni, amaphoyisa angase abe nekhono lokunqanda lowomuntu, kodwa ngokuvamile angeke aqhubeke ngemva kwakho konke ukuhlangana ngaleyo sisekelo kuphela.

Ukuvala ukubhikisha ngokukhipha umthetho owephula umthetho kumelwe kube yiyonanto yokugcina engenziwa abaqaphi bomthetho. Amaphoyisa angase angawuqedi umbuthano ngaphandle kokuba kunengozi esobala nekhona yesiphithiphithi, ukuphazamiseka, ukuphazamisa izimoto, noma olunye usongo olusheshayo ekulondekeni komphakathi.

Uma izikhulu zikhipha uhlelo olungahleleki, kumelwe zinikeze ithuba elinengqondo lokuvumelana, kuhlanganise nesikhathi esanele nendlela yokuphuma ecacile, engaqondakali. Abantu ngabanye kumelwe bathole isaziso esicacile nesinemininingwane sokuhleleka okungahleleki, kuhlanganise nesikhathi okudingeka basihlakaze, imiphumela yokuhluleka ukuhlakazeka, kanye nendlela yokuphuma esobala abangayilandela, ngaphambi kokuba baboshwe noma bamangalelwe nganoma yibuphi ubugebengu.

Imingcele Yesivikelo Sesichibiyelo Sokuqala

ISichibiyelo Sokuqala asivikeli "izinsongo zangempela" noma ukuvuselelwa. Ukushukumiseka kudinga injongo, ukuthatha isinyathelo, futhi kungenzeka: Kumelwe uhlose ukucasula omunye umuntu ukuba aphule umthetho ngokushesha, futhi inkulumo yakho kumelwe ikwenze kanjalo. Lokhu kunciphe kuqinisekisa ukuthi iSichibiyelo sokuqala asivikeli inkulumo ebangela izenzo zobuphula umthetho eziseduze.

Ubudlova, ukubhujiswa kwempahla, nezinye izenzo zobugebengu akuzona izindlela zokuziveza. Nakuba unelungelo lokuveza imibono ephikisanayo noma engathandeki, awunalo ilungelo lokulimaza abanye noma lokubhubhisa impahla phakathi nenqubo. Ukuqonda lomehluko kukusiza ukuba uhileleke emisebenzini evikelekile yomphakathi kuyilapho ugwema izenzo ezingaholela ekumangalelweni okungokomthetho kobugebengu.

Ukugunyaza Amalungelo: I - Cornerstone Yokuhlanganyela Kwentando Yeningi

IVoing Rights Act ka-1965 iwumthetho kahulumeni wase-U.S. owenqabela ukucwaswa kohlanga ekuvoteni. Yasayinwa umthetho nguMongameli Lyndon B. Johnson phakathi nobukhulu bomzabalazo wamalungelo omphakathi ngoAugust 6, 1965. Lomthetho umelela okunye kokufezwa okuphawuleka kakhulu emlandweni wamalungelo omphakathi waseMelika.

Umlando Nenjongo

Ngaleyominyaka, amaMelika aseAfrika eNingizimu abhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu ekuvoteleni, kuhlanganise nentela yokuvota, ukuhlola ukuvota, kanye neminye imingcele yokuzincisha ilungelo lokuvota. ayefaka futhi engozini yokuhlukunyezwa, ukwesatshiswa, ukuphindiselwa kwezomnotho, nobudlova obungokomzimba lapho ezama ukubhalisa noma ukuvota. I-Voting Rights Act yayiklanyelwe ukuqeda lemingcele yokucwasa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imvume yokungena ngokulingana ebhokisini lebhola lomthetho.

Iklanyelwe ukuphoqelela amalungelo okuvota avikelwe yizigwebo zeMiyalo yeshumi nane neyeshumi elinesihlanu eUnited States, i-Act yayifuna ukuqinisekisa ilungelo lokuvota abantu abambalwa abavela ezinhlangani ezihlukene kulo lonke izwe, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu. Ithonya lomthetho lalishesha futhi lijule, likhula ngokuphawulekayo umvoti nokuhlanganyela emiphakathini eyayihluliwe ngaphambili.

Amalungiselelo Ayinhloko Omthetho Wokudlulisela Amalungelo

Umthetho, uMongameli Johnson awusayina emthethweni ngakusasa, ukuhlola okungekho emthethweni futhi wanikeza ukumiswa kwabahloli bakahulumeni abafanelekayo (abanamandla okubhalisa izakhamuzi ukuba zivote) kulezo zindawo ezathi "zafihlwa" ngokwendlela enikezwayo ewumthetho. La malungiselelo ayekhuluma ngokuqondile ngamathuluzi avamile okucindezela abavoti.

Ingxenye 2, eyalandela eduze ulimi lwe-15th compliment, yasebenzisa umthetho wezwe lonke onqabela ukuphika noma ukuncishwa kwelungelo lokuvota ngenxa yohlanga noma ibala.

Ingxenye 5 yomthetho idinga amagunya ahambisana nomlando wobandlululo ukuze ithole imvume kuMnyango woMahluleli noma enkantolo ngaphambi kokushintsha imithetho yokuvota, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukubhalisa"" lesi silinganiso sokuvimbela saklanyelwa ukunqanda izinguquko zokuvota ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke.

Izinselele Nezivikelo Zamanje

Nokho, lezi sivikelo ziye zaqedwa yizinqumo zamuva zeNkantolo Ephakeme. Ukuqonda isimo samanje somthetho wamalungelo okuvota kudinga ukuqaphela indlela izincazelo zokwahlulela eziye zathinta ngayo i-Loting Rights Act's Act.

Akukho muntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi wenza ngaphansi kombala womthetho noma ngenye indlela, oyokwesabisa, asongele, aphoqelele, noma azame ukwesabisa, ukusongela, noma ukuphoqelela noma yimuphi omunye umuntu ngenjongo yokuphazamisa ilungelo lomunye umuntu lokuvota noma lokuvota ngendlela angathanda ngayo. Lesivikelo sikahulumeni sihlala sisemgodleni futhi sinikeza izivikelo ezibalulekile ekusabiseni nasekuphoqelweni.

Naphezu kwezinselele zesivikelo samalungelo okuvota, kusekhona izinqandelo eziningi. Uma ucwaswa, wesatshiswa, noma uphazanyiswa ilungelo lakho lokuvota, unesicelo esingokomthetho ngemithetho kahulumeni nombuso. Ukubhala noma iziphi izenzakalo nokubika kumagunya afanelekile, kuhlanganise noMnyango Wezelungelo lobuJaji, kungasiza ukuvikela amalungelo akho kodwa nalawo abanye abavoti.

Amalungelo ezisebenzi okuhlela nokuhlanganyela ndawonye

INational Labor Relations Act (NLRA), eyamiswa ngo-1935, ivikela amalungelo ezisebenzi okuhlela, ukwakha izinyunyana, nokuhlanganyela ekuthengiseni i-international. Lezi zikhungo zidlulela ngalé kwemibango engokwesiko yezisebenzi zihlanganise izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezivumelwano zomphakathi ezihlangene emsebenzini.

Umsebenzi Ovikelwe

I-NLRA ivikela "imisebenzi ehlangene" yezisebenzi, ezihlanganisa ukuxoxa ngezimo zokusebenza, iholo, nezinye izimo zemisebenzi nezisebenzi ezisebenza nazo. Lesivikelo siyasebenza noma ihlangene yini. Uma izisebenzi zihlangana ziyoxoxa ngezinkathazo zasemsebenzini noma zisekela izinguquko, zihlanganyela emsebenzini ovikelekile ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni.

Lelilungelo lidlulela ezingxoxweni eziphathelene nomphakathi obanzi nezindaba zezombangazwe ezithinta izisebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, izisebenzi ngokuvamile zinelungelo lokuxoxa ngezikhundla zezombangazwe ezindabeni zezisebenzi, ukuhlela ukuvota phakathi kwazisebenzi, noma ukusekela iqoqo lemithetho ethinta izimo zokusebenza.

Ukulinganiselwa Nokukhishwa Kwezici

Isivikelo se-NLRA sinokubaluleka okubalulekile. Umthetho awuhlanganisi zonke izisebenzi, abakhi abazimele, nezinye izigaba zezisebenzi awekho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izivikelo azinakudlulela kuyo yonke inkulumo yomsebenzi noma umsebenzi. Abaqashi bangalondoloza imithetho nezimiso ezifanele emsebenzini, uma nje bengaphazamisani namalungelo ezisebenzi ukuze bangene emsebenzini ovikelekile.

Ukuqonda lemingcele kusiza izisebenzi ukuba zisebenzise amalungelo azo ngokuphumelelayo kuyilapho ziqaphela abaqashi abanezithakazelo ezingokomthetho ekulondolozeni imisebenzi ezuzisayo. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi umqashi wakho uye waphula amalungelo akho ngaphansi kwe-NLRA, ungafaka icala ngeNational Labor Relations Board, ehlola futhi ikhambi lemisebenzi engekho ngokomthetho.

Amalungelo Akho Lapho Uhlanganyela Nomthetho Phakathi Nemisebenzi Ehlukahlukene

Ukwazi indlela yokusebenzelana nomthetho lapho kuvinjelwa noma kusetshenziswa ezinye izinto zomphakathi kubalulekile ukuze uvikele amalungelo akho futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uphephile.ISichibiyelo Sesine sivikela ekuphenyeni okungacabangeki nokuquleka, kuyilapho iSichibiyelo Sesihlanu sivikela ilungelo lakho lokuthula.

Ukufuna Nezokusivikela

Awunakuvuma ukuseshwa kwakho noma okungokwakho. Uma uvuma ngokuphandle, kungakuthinta kamuva enkantolo. Nakuba kufanele usho ngokucacile ukuthi awuvumi ukusesha, akumelwe umelane ngokomzimba uma izikhulu ziqhubeka. Bhala lokho okwenzekayo futhi uthintane nommeli kamuva.

Amaphoyisa angase ahlwithe izingubo zakho uma esola ukuthi unesikhali futhi angakusesha ngemva kokuboshwa. Ukuqonda lokhu kushiyana kukusiza ukuba uqaphele lapho amaphoyisa esebenza ngaphansi kwegunya lawo nalapho kungenzeka ukuthi eqa imingcele engokomthetho.

Okumelwe Ukwenze Uma Amaphoyisa Enqanda Ukubhema

Ungaphikisani, ungaphikisi, noma uvimbele amaphoyisa, ngisho noma ukholelwa ukuthi awephuli amalungelo akho. Xela ukuthi awuphazamisani nomsebenzi wanoma ubani omunye nokuthi iSichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela izenzo zakho. Buza uma ukhululekile ukuba uhambe. Uma isikhulu sithi yebo, hamba ngomoya ophansi.

Uma uboshiwe, unelungelo lokubuza ukuthi kungani. Ngapha kwalokho, yisho ukuthi ufisa ukuthula ucele ummeli ngokushesha. Ungasho lutho noma usayina lutho ngaphandle kommeli. Ukusebenzisa ilungelo lakho lokuthula akunakusetshenziswa ngokumelene nawe futhi ngokuvamile kuyindlela ehlakaniphile yokuthatha isinyathelo lapho ukhuluma ngokugcinwa komthetho.

Uma ushayela ummeli wakho ucingo, amaphoyisa awavunyelwe ukulalela.

Ukuqopha Umsebenzi Wamaphoyisa

Unelungelo lokuthwebula izithombe futhi uqophe amarekhodi amaphoyisa enza imisebenzi yawo ezindaweni zomphakathi. Lelilungelo liyi-sehlo elibalulekile emaphoyiseni futhi lisiza ekubhaleni amabhukwana afuna ukwaphulwa kwamalungelo. Nokho, akumelwe uphazamise imisebenzi yamaphoyisa, futhi kufanele uqaphele noma imuphi umthetho okhethekile noma wendawo ongase ubeke imingcele enengqondo ekubhaleni.

Uma uqopha, ugcine ibanga eliphephile, ungaphazamisi imisebenzi yamaphoyisa, futhi zimisele ukuchaza ukuthi usebenzisa amalungelo akho okuHlaziya kokuqala uma ubuzwa. Gcina amarekhodi ngokuqiniseki futhi ucabangele ukuwasekela ekugcineni amafu, njengoba kuye kwaba khona izikhathi zokubanjwa kocingo noma ukuqoshwa kususwa.

Izimfuneko Zokuvunyelwa Nokuboniswa Komphakathi

Imibuso eminingi idinga imvume yokubukisa komphakathi, ikakhulukazi emibuthanweni emikhulu noma ezehlakalweni ezingase zithinte izimoto noma zidinge imithombo yomphakathi ephawulekayo.

Isikhathi Okudingeka Ngaso Imvume

Izimfuneko zemvume ziyahlukahluka ngokobuphathi futhi ngokuvamile zixhomeke ezicini ezinjengobukhulu bobungane, indawo, nokuthi buzophazamisa izimoto noma budinge ukuba kuvalwe umgwaqo. Ngokuvamile, ukusabela ngokuzenzakalelayo ekubhuntshiseni izenzakalo zezindaba kungase kungadinge mvume, kuyilapho ukumasha okuhleliwe noma imibuthano yemibuthano ngokuvamile kungenza.

Umphakathi wesiko wama-cuum − njengezindawo ezihamba ngezinyawo, imigwaqo, namapaki . . . ukwamukela izinga eliphakeme leSichibiyelo sokuqala. Izimfuneko zemvume zalezindawo kumelwe zibe ezigcweleyo-nethinamenti futhi zingakwazi ukunika izikhulu ukwahlulela okungalawuleki ukuba ziphike imvume esekelwe esigijimini esishiwoyo. Inqubo yemvume kufanele icace, ngezimiso eziqondile nangezintambo ezifanele ukuze ivunyelwe.

Inselele Yokuphika

Uma isicelo sakho semvume sinqatshelwa, unelungelo lokubekela lesosinqumo inselele. Uhulumeni kumele anikeze isizathu esizwakalayo, esiqukethe okungahambisani nokwenqaba. Izizathu ezisekelwe embonweni ovezwayo noma ukusabela kwabanye obekulindelwe esigijimini sakho ngokuvamile akuvumelani ne-protom.

Ungavumela ukuphika ngezicelo zokuphathwa, ukuphenywa, noma ngokufuna imvume yezikhathi ezingezinye noma izindawo. Izinhlangano ezinjenge American Civil Liberties Union zivame ukunikeza imithombo nosizo kulabo abazicelo zabo zemvume zinqatshwe ngokungafanele. Ukuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha kubalulekile, njengoba imiboniso ivame ukuzwelana nesikhathi.

Ukubonisa Ngaphandle Kwemvume

Kwezinye izimo, ungaba nelungelo lokubonisa ngaphandle kwemvume. Ukusabela okungahleliwe ezigijimeni zamanje, imibuthano emincane engaphazamisi izimoto noma edinga imithombo yomphakathi ebalulekile, futhi imiboniso esobala ingangadingi imvume engokwesiko. Nokho, imithetho eqondile iyahluka ngokwezimiso, futhi ukwephula izimfuneko kungaphumela ekuvezeni noma ekuboshweni, ngisho noma inkulumo eyisisekelo ivikelwe.

Amadolobha amaningi anyathelisa ukwaziswa okuphathelene nokuvumela izimfuneko kuyi - Internet, futhi izinhlangano zenkululeko yabantu zivame ukunikeza isiqondiso esiqondile endaweni ohlala kuyo.

Imibuso Nesivikelo Sendawo Sokuhlanganyela Kwemicikilisho

Nakuba umthetho kahulumeni unikeza isivikelo esibalulekile, izifunda nezindawo eziningi ziye zamisa ezinye izindlela zokuvikela ukuhlanganyela komphakathi.

Ukuvuna Amalungelo Ombuso

Okungenani amazwe angu - 8 aye adlulisela izenzo zokuvota, ngokuvamile enikeza isivikelo esikhulu emithethweni yokuvota, izimiso, nemikhuba yokukhipha ubandlululo kunendlela yokuhumusha kahulumeni. Lemithetho kahulumeni ingavala izikhala ezishiywe yizisivikelo zikahulumeni ezibuthakathaka futhi inikeze amathuluzi engeziwe okucindezela abavoti ababhekene nenselele.

Ngokubanzi, ama-triogn amashumi amane anesine emithetho-sisekelo kahulumeni agunyaza ilungelo lokuvota, futhi ezinye izinkantolo eziphakeme zikahulumeni ziye zawachaza la malungiselelo okunikeza isivikelo esiqinile somvoti kunawo umthetho-sisekelo wombuso ngokwawo. Ukuqonda isivikelo esiqondile sikahulumeni wakho kungakusiza ukuba uthole imithombo eyengeziwe engokomthetho uma amalungelo akho okuvota esongelwa.

Isivikelo Somthetho - sisekelo Kahulumeni Sokukhuluma Nomhlangano

Imithetho-mthetho eminingi yesifunda inikeza isivikelo sokukhuluma ngokukhululekile nesokuhlangana esifana noma esidlula esisesiHlelweni sokuqala. Izinkantolo zoMbuso ezichaza lamalungiselelo ngezinye izikhathi ziye zanikeza isivikelo esibanzi kunezinkantolo zikahulumeni ezichaza iSichibiyelo Sokuqala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho noma umsebenzi othile ungavikelwa ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni, ungavikelwa ngaphansi komthetho-mthetho wezwe lakho.

Ukucwaninga ngamalungiselelo omthetho-sisekelo okhethekile kazwelonke nendlela izinkantolo eziwachaze ngayo kungaveza ezinye izivikelo zokuthembisana umphakathi. Izinhlangano zikahulumeni zenkululeko yomphakathi zivame ukunikeza imithombo echaza lezi sivikelo nendlela yokuziqinisa.

Izinhlayiya Nezivikelo Zendawo

Amadolobha nezindawo kungaba nemithetho yawo evikela ukubophana kwezakhamuzi noma ukuqondisa imiboniso. Lemithetho yendawo kumelwe ivumelane nezimfuneko zikahulumeni nomthetho-sisekelo kazwelonke, kodwa inganikeza ukucaca okwengeziwe ngalokho okuvunyelwe emphakathini wakini. Ingamisa nezinqubo eziqondile zokuthola imvume, ukuveza izindawo ezimisiwe zokubhikisha, noma inikeze isivikelo esengeziwe ekucwaseni.

Ukwazi imithetho yendawo ngaphambi kokuba wenze imisebenzi yomphakathi kukusiza ukuba uqonde amalungelo akho nemithwalo yemfanelo. Omasipala abaningi benza izimpawu zabo zitholakale kuyi-intanethi, futhi amahhovisi abameli bedolobha ngokuvamile angaphendula imibuzo mayelana nokuthi imithetho yendawo isebenza kanjani emisebenzini ehleliwe.

Ukuzivikela: Izinyathelo Eziwusizo Zokuhlanganyela Ngokuphepha Nesicubu

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho angokomthetho kubalulekile, kodwa ukuthatha izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokuzivikela emisebenzini yomphakathi kubalulekile ngokufanayo. Ukulungiselela nokuqaphela kungakusiza ukuba usebenzise amalungelo akho ngokuphephile nangempumelelo.

Ngaphambi Kokuhlanganyela Ekubukiseni

Cwaninga abahleli bezehlakalo namacebo abo. Qonda ukuthi imvume ikhona yini nokuthi iyiphi indlela ehlelwe ukuba ikhona. Zijwayeze imithetho yendawo namalungelo akho. Cabangela ukuba khona ekuqeqesheni okwaziyo, okunikezwa yizinhlangano eziningi zenkululeko yomphakathi ngaphambi kokubhikisha okukhulu.

Lungiselela izimo ezihlukahlukene. Zinike ukwaziswa, ulwazi lokuthintana nosizo, nanoma yimiphi imithi edingekayo. Cabangela ukubhala inombolo yocingo lommeli engalweni yakho unophawu oluhlala njalo. Yiletha amanzi, ukudla okulula, nezingubo ezifanele. Shiya izinto eziyigugu ezingadingekile ekhaya.

Yazisa othile ongabekho lapho ufaka khona amasu akho, kuhlanganise nalapho ulindele ukubuya khona. Yakha uhlelo lwe-cheke ngaphakathi ukuze othile azi uma ungabuyi ngendlela elindelekile. Lesi sinyathelo esilula singaba sibalulekile uma uboshiwe noma ulimele.

Phakathi Nombukiso

Uma amaphoyisa ekhipha iziyalezo ezingekho emthethweni, lalela ngokucophelela iziyalezo futhi ulalele uma ukhetha ukuhamba. Uma ukhetha ukuhlala, qonda ukuthi ungase uboshwe.

Gwema ukuhileleka noma ukusondela kunoma yibuphi ubudlova noma ukucekelwa phansi kwempahla. lemisebenzi ayivikelwe yiSichibiyelo Sokuqala futhi ingaholela ekumangalelweni okungathi sína kobugebengu. Uma kugqashuka ubudlova, suka ngokushesha futhi uphephe.

Uma uqopha umsebenzi wamaphoyisa noma ubhala isenzakalo, kwenze njalo kude ngaphandle kokuphazamisa imisebenzi yamaphoyisa. Yazi ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi abanye bakuqopha nawe, futhi ucabangele lokho okubhalile.

Ngemva Kombukiso

Uma ubona ukwephulwa kwamalungelo noma uzibonela ngokwakho, bhala phansi konke okwenzeka, kuhlanganise nezinsuku, izikhathi, izindawo, namagama noma izinombolo zamabheji zanoma iziphi izikhulu ezihilelekile. Thatha izithombe zanoma ikuphi ukulimala. Hlanganisa ukwaziswa kofakazi.

Uma uboshwa, thintana nommeli ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka. Ungaxoxi ngecala lakho nothile ngaphandle kommeli wakho. Izinhlangano eziningi zenkululeko yomphakathi zinikeza ababhikishi ukusekela okungokomthetho, futhi ezinye zilondoloza imithetho eshisayo ongacela usizo.

Cabangela ukukhononda ngokuphulwa kwamalungelo ezindikimba ezifanele zobubonisi, njengamabhodi okubukeza okungabuthwa kwabantu, uMnyango wobulungisa, noma izinhlangano zamalungelo omphakathi. Izincwadi zakho zingasiza izikhulu ukuba zibone icala futhi zivikele amalungelo abanye esikhathini esizayo.

Imithombo Nezinhlangano Ezingokomthetho Ezisekelayo

Izinhlangano eziningi zinikeza labo abahlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi izinto eziwusizo, zibaqeqeshe futhi zibasekele ngokomthetho.

Izinhlangano Zesizwe

I-American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) ingenye yezinhlangano ezivelele kakhulu ezivikela inkululeko yomphakathi, kuhlanganise nenkululeko yokukhuluma, ukuhlangana, namalungelo okuvota. I-ACLU inikeza imithombo yakho yamalungelo okwaziyo, ukumelelwa okungokomthetho, kanye nokungagunyazi ngamazinga esizwe nawezwe. Iwebhusayithi yabo inikeza ukwaziswa okubanzi ngamalungelo akho phakathi nokubhikisha, lapho ukuvota, nakwamanye amacala omphakathi.

I - National Lawyers Guild isekela ababhikishi nabashisekeli, kuhlanganise nezingqapheli ezingokomthetho emibhikishweni nasemifanekisweni yalabo ababoshwayo.

Izinhlangano zagxila emalungelweni okuvota, njenge Brennan Center for Justice ne-Lawyers’s Committee for Civil Rights Under Law, zinikeza imithombo emayelana nesivikelo samalungelo okuvota futhi zingasiza ngezinselele zokucinezela abavoti. Ziphinde zifake isigwebo futhi zikhiphe imvume yokuvota ukuze ziqinise amalungelo okuvikela ukuvota.

Imibuso Nemithombo Yezindawo

Izifundazwe eziningi zinezinhlangano ezigxile ezindabeni zenkululeko yomphakathi eziqondene nalesosifundazwe. Lezi zinhlangano zivame ukunikeza iziyalezo zokwazi ngamalungelo akho, izingqapheli ezingokomthetho emibukiswaneni, kanye nokumelela labo abamalungelo abo ephulwe.

Izinhlangano zosizo ezisemthethweni zendawo zinganikeza usizo ngezindaba zamalungelo omphakathi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abahlawulwa kancane. Izinkampani zeBar zivame ukusekela izinkonzo zommeli ezingakuhlanganisa nabameli abanolwazi ngomthetho wamalungelo abantu.

Izinhlangano zomphakathi zagxila ezindabeni ezithile − njengobulungisa bezinhlanga, amalungelo abafuduki, noma amalungelo ezisebenzi − ngokuvamile zinikeza imithombo nokusekela izivumelwano zomphakathi ezihlobene nemisebenzi yazo. Lezinhlangano zingaba imithombo ewusizo yokwaziswa ngemithetho yendawo kanye namasu okuthola inzuzo.

Imivubukulo Yangaphakathi

Izinhlangano eziningi zigcina imithombo yezobuchwepheshe ebanzi emayelana namalungelo omphakathi. Ingxenye ye-ACLU's "Yazi Amalungelo Akho" inikeza ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe ngamalungelo akho ngemimongo ehlukahlukene. I-National Lawyers Guild inikeza iziyalezo zokuqeqesha ingqapheli ezingokomthetho kanye neziqondiso zakho ezikwaziyo ukuqondisa.

Amawebhusayithi kahulumeni, kuhlanganise nawe - Department of Justice ne - Federal Evotion Commission, anikeza ukwaziswa ngemithetho kahulumeni evikela ukungenela komphakathi.

Amawebhusayithi okwaziswa okungokomthetho njenge-Legal Information Institute eCornell Law School anikeza ithuba lokuthola imithetho kahulumeni ne-ovement, izinqumo zenkantolo, nokuhlaziywa komthetho. Nakuba le mithombo ingathathi indawo yeseluleko esingokomthetho kummeli, angakusiza ukuba uqonde uhlelo olungokomthetho olulawula izivumelwano zomphakathi.

Ukucatshangelwa Okukhethekile Kwemisebenzi Ehlukahlukene

Ukuqonda lezi zici ezibonisa ukuthi unezici ezihlukahlukene zokuthembisana uhulumeni kungase kuhilele izivikelo ezingokomthetho ezihlukahlukene futhi kuphakamise izimpikiswano ezihlukile.

Imisebenzi Yokudlala Nokukhetha

Ngaphandle kwelungelo lokuvota ngokwakho, unamalungelo ahlobene nokubhalisa, ukuvota kwasekuqaleni, ukuvota, nokugcina ukhetho. Ababheki nokhetho banelungelo elithile nemithwalo yemfanelo echazwe umthetho kahulumeni. Uma uthanda ukukhonza kulendawo, zijwayelane nezimfuneko nesivikelo sikahulumeni wakho.

Ukwesatshiswa kwezincwadi kungekho emthethweni ngaphansi komthetho kahulumeni. Uma ubona noma ubhekana nokwesatshiswa ezindaweni zokuvota, ungabika kubaphathi bokhetho, ukugcinwa komthetho wendawo, noma kuMnyango wobulungisa. Ukuziphatha okugunyaziwe kuhlanganisa ukusongela abavoti, ukusakaza ukwaziswa okungamanga ngezimfuneko zokuvota noma izinqubo, noma ukuhileleka ekuziphatheni okunonya eduze nezindawo zokuvota.

Izifunda eziningi zinemithetho evimbela imisebenzi ethile eduze nezindawo zokuvota, njengomkhankaso noma ukubonisa izinto zomkhankaso ezindaweni ezithile eziqhelelene nesango. Lemithetho ivame ukubekwa ngokomthetho njengesikhathi, indawo, nezimiso, kodwa kumelwe isetshenziswe ngendlela ehambisana nokungathathi hlangothi.

Ukuhlelwa Komphakathi Nokusetshenziswa Kwawo

Ukuhlela imisebenzi yomphakathi — njengokufaka iminyango emnyango, ukunxusa, nemihlangano yomphakathi — kuyizindlela ezivikelweyo zokuthembisana umphakathi. Nokho, zingabekwa ngaphansi kwemithetho enengqondo. Ngokwesibonelo, abanikazi bempahla ngokuvamile bangavimbela ukuqashwa kwempahla yabo, nakuba zikhona izinhlobo ezithile zemisebenzi yezindlu.

Uma uhlanganisa isignesha yesicelo, qaphela izimfuneko ezicaciwe zikahulumeni ngokuphathelene nokuthi ubani ongasakaza izicelo, ukuthi izimpawu kumelwe ziqoqwe kanjani, nokuthi ikuphi ukwaziswa okumelwe kunikezwe abasayini. Ukuphula lezi zimfuneko kungaqeda izigqebhezana noma kuphumele ezijezisweni ezingokomthetho.

Imihlangano yomphakathi, kuhlanganise namahholo amadolobha nemihlangano yomkhandlu wamadolobha, iyizindawo ezibalulekile zokuthembisana ngomphakathi.

Ukuzitika Ngobuchwepheshe Bezinombolo Nokuhlela I - Internet

I - Internet isiyindawo ebalulekile yokuthembisana uhulumeni, kusukela ekuhleleni imibhikisho kuya ekukhuthazeni izinguquko ezingokwesimiso.

Ama-akhawunti ezindaba zezenhlalo kahulumeni angase abhekwe njengezindaba zomphakathi kwezinye izimo, okusho ukuthi izikhulu azinakuvimbela abasebenzisi noma izinkulumo ezisekelwe embonweni. Izinqumo eziningi zenkantolo ziye zakhuluma ngalendaba, ngokuvamile zisho ukuthi uma izikhulu zisebenzisa ama-akhawunti ezokuxhumana ezezembuzweni, azinakubahlukanisa abantu abasekelwe emibonweni yazo.

Lapho unelungelo lokukhuluma ngenkulumo evikelekile kuyi - Internet, cabanga ngalokho okufakayo, ikakhulukazi ngemiboniso ehleliwe noma eminye imisebenzi engase iqondwe ngokungafanele.

Ukuqonda Imiphumela Nezingozi Ezingokomthetho

Nakuba unezinsika ezingokomthetho eziqinile ekuthembiseni umphakathi, kubalulekile ukuqonda izingozi nemiphumela. Lolwazi lukusiza ukuba wenze izinqumo eziqondile ngendlela ongawasebenzisa ngayo amalungelo akho.

Ukuboshwa Namacala Esigebengu

Ngezinye izikhathi amaphoyisa abophe abantu abazimisele ukuba abangekho emthethweni, noma angase ababophe ngenxa yokwephula umthetho okuncane njengokuhluleka ukusakaza noma ukuvimbela izimoto.

Uma uboshwa, sebenzisa ilungelo lakho lokuthula futhi ucele ummeli ngokushesha. Ungamelani nokuboshwa, ngisho noma ukholelwa ukuthi akuvunyelwe umthetho. Ungakubekela inselele ukubopha ngokomthetho kamuva ngesimiso somthetho. Ukumelana nokuboshwa kungubugebengu obuhlukile obungaphumela ekumangalelweni okwengeziwe nasekulimaleni okungase kuvele.

Amacala avamile ahlobene nokubhikisha ahlanganisa ukuziphatha okungahleleki, ukuphamba, ukuhluleka ukuhlakaza, nokuphazamisa. Amacala amakhulu angahlanganisa ukuhlasela isikhulu noma ukubhujiswa kwempahla. Amacala aqondile nezijeziso ezingase zibekwe zihlukahluka ngokomthetho. Ukubuza ummeli onakho emacaleni ahlobene nokubhikisha kungakusiza ukuba uqonde amacala kanye nezikhuselo ezingase zisetshenziswe.

Ukukhuluma Ngokwabantu

Ngaphezu kwamacala obugebengu, ungabhekana nesibopho somphakathi sezenzo zomphakathi phakathi nemisebenzi yomphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ulimaza impahla phakathi nombukiso, umninimfashini angakumangalela ngengozi yokulimala. Ukuqonda lengozi akusho ukuthi akufanele uhileleke emisebenzini yomphakathi, kodwa kusho ukuthi kufanele ucabange ngezenzo zakho.

Nakuba iSichibiyelo Sokuqala sivikela ilungelo lokuhlela imibhikisho, abahleli bangabekwa icala lobudlova noma ukulimala kwempahla uma begqugquzela noma beqondisa ukuziphatha okunjalo. Ukuhlela ngokucophelela, ukukhulumisana okucacile ngezimiso ezingenabudlova, nokusebenzelana neziphathimandla kungasiza ekunciphiseni lezi zingozi.

Umsebenzi Neminye Imiphumela

Ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi ngezinye izikhathi kungaba nemiphumela yemisebenzi. Nakuba iSichibiyelo sokuqala sikuvikela ekuphindiseleni kukahulumeni ekuvikelekeni kwenkulumo evikelwe, ngokuvamile asibavikeli abaqashwa beqembu ekutholeni isiyalo somqashi. Ezinye izifundazwe zinemithetho enikeza isivikelo esengeziwe emisebenzini yezisebenzi engokombangazwe, kodwa lokhu kuyahluka kakhulu.

Uma ukhathazekile ngemiphumela yomsebenzi, cabangela ukuthi yikuphi ukwaziswa ngemisebenzi yakho yomphakathi okutholakalayo obala. Imisebenzi yezokuxhumana, ukudluliswa kwezindaba, kanye namarekhodi okubopha kungatholakala ngabaqashi. Nakuba ungavumeli ukwesaba kukuvimbele ukusebenzisa amalungelo akho, ukwazi imiphumela engenzeka kukusiza ukuba wenze izinqumo ezibonisa ulwazi.

Eminye imiphumela engase ihlanganise ithonya kulayisense yobuchwepheshe, ukuphepha, ukufuduka, noma amathuba emfundo.

Izwe Lanamuhla Lamalungelo Abantu: Izinselele Namathuba

Ukuqonda isimo samanje esingokomthetho nesezombangazwe kukusiza ukuba ulawule izivumelwano zomphakathi ngokuphumelelayo futhi usekele isivikelo esiqinile lapho sidingeka khona.

Intuthuko Yamuva Ekwakheni Amalungelo Ezihlubuki

Ukuqaphela lezi zinselele kukusiza ukuba ulungiselele izithiyo ezingase zivele futhi uqonde ukubaluleka kokubhala ukwephulwa kwamalungelo.

Eminye imithetho iye yamisa izijeziso ezandayo zezobugebengu obuhlobene nokubhikisha noma ukuveza ubugebengu obusha obuhlobene nemiboniso. Nakuba eminye yalemithetho ingase ibe ngumthetho-sisekelo, eminye iye yabekelwa inselele njengemithetho engekho ngokomthetho enqabela amalungelo eSichibiyelo sokuqala. Ukuhlala waziwe ngemithetho ekhona kukusiza ukuba uqonde amalungelo akho nezingozi.

Ukupha Abanye Amalungelo Ngaphansi Kokucindezela

Ukuqonda lezi zinselele kukusiza ukuba uqaphele ukuthi zingaba yisithiyo sokuvota nokuthi ungasabela kanjani. Izinhlangano eziningi zibheka intuthuko yamalungelo okuvota futhi zikuqaphelise ngokusongelwa kokuvota.

Uma ubhekana nezithiyo zokuvota − njengokukhipha okungafanele, izimfuneko ze-ID zokukhipha icala, noma indawo engafanele yokuvota −document lenkinga bese uyibika ezinhlanganweni zokuvikela zokhetho. Imibiko yakho ingasiza ekutholeni izindlela zokucindezela abavoti futhi isekele izinselele ezingokomthetho ekulahleni izenzo zobandlululo.

Amathuba Okuqinisa Isivikelo

Naphezu kwezinselele, kunamathuba okuqinisa isivikelo samalungelo omphakathi. Ukusekela isivikelo sesifundazwe esiqinile, ukusekela umthetho kahulumeni njengo-John R. Lewis Voting Rights Advement Act, kanye nokukhipha isigwebo okubekela imingcele engekho emthethweni konke kunengxenye ekuvikeleni nasekuthuthukiseni amalungelo omphakathi.

Ukuthembisana kwenu ngokwezakhamuzi ngokwako kuyawavikela lamalungelo. Lapho abantu besebenzisa amalungelo abo okukhuluma, ukuhlangana, nokuvota, babonisa ukubaluleka kwalenkululeko futhi badala ukucindezela kwezombangazwe ukuze bayivikele. Ukuhlanganyela emisebenzini yomphakathi, ukusekela izinhlangano ezivikela inkululeko yomphakathi, nokusekela isivikelo esingokomthetho esiqinile konke kunikela ekulondolozeni lamalungelo ayisisekelo kuwo wonke umuntu.

Isiphetho: Ukunikezwa Amandla Nokuhlanganyela Ngolwazi

Ukuqonda amalungelo akho angokomthetho kubalulekile ukuze uthembisene ngokuqiniseka, ngempumelelo. ISichibiyelo Sokuqala, uMthetho Welungelo, neminye imithetho kahulumeni nohulumeni kunikeza isivikelo esiqinile ekuhlanganyeleni kwakho nentando yeningi. Lezi zinsika ziqinisekisa ukuthi ungakhuluma ngezindaba ozikhathalelayo, uhlangane nabanye abanombono ofana nawo, bavote abamele izindinganiso zakho, futhi bahlele ushintsho emphakathini wakini.

Kodwa lamalungelo awakona ukuzidla. Adinga ukuvivinya umzimba nokuqapha, nokuvikela. Ngokuqonda amalungelo akho, ulungiselela imisebenzi yomphakathi ngokucabangela, futhi wazi ukuthi ungaphendukelaphi ukuze uthole usizo uma amalungelo ephulwa, ungahlanganyela embusweni wentando yeningi ngokuphephile nangempumelelo. Ukuhlanganyela kwakho kolwazi akuvikeli amalungelo akho kuphela kodwa futhi kusiza ekulondolozeni lenkululeko eyisisekelo kuwo wonke umuntu.

Isithembiso somshado siyilungelo nomthwalo wemfanelo kokubili emphakathini wentando yeningi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uvota okhethweni, uya emihlanganweni yomphakathi, uhlanganyela emibhikishweni, noma uhlela ushintsho, usebenzisa amalungelo izizukulwane zamaMelika eziye zalwa ukuze zimise futhi zivikele. Ngokucabanga nangokuqonda uhlelo olungokomthetho oluvikela ukuhlanganyela kwakho, ufaka isandla emsebenzini oqhubekayo wentando yeningi yaseMelika.

Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngamalungelo akho omphakathi, vakashela i- ACLU’s Sazi ikhasi lakho lamalungelo [, hlola imithombo yezobuchwepheshe evela Brennan Center for Justice, noma thintana nezinhlangano zendawo ezifuna inkululeko yomphakathi endaweni yakini. Hlala utshelwe, hlala uthembise, futhi usebenzise amalungelo akho ukwenza izwi lakho lizwe edemocricle.