Izimiso zemfundo zendawo zisebenza njengetshe lokuguqula abafundi abasebenzayo, zithonya ngokuqondile ukuhlukahluka nokufakwa kothisha emakilasini ezwe lonke. Lezizimiso zilawula imisebenzi yokuqasha, izimfuneko zentuthuko yobuchwepheshe, ukusungula isimo sezulu sesikole, kanye nokuhlelwa kwemisebenzi, okunquma ukuthi izisebenzi zothisha ziveza izinhlanga, uhlanga, nezizinda zempucuko zabafundi. Ukucwaninga okukhulayo kubonisa ukuthi amandla ahlukahlukene okufundisa aveza inzuzo enkulu, yezenhlalo, nemizwelo yazo zonke izifundo zemfundo, kubafundi abazuza ngokulandelana kwezindlela zemfundo, futhi bahlola izinhlelo zezemfundo, ezinikeza inzuzo ngokubona othisha abahlanganyela i-i----implogover. Nokho, naphezu kwezinzuzo ezicacile, izifunda zesikole eziningi zendawo ziyaqhubeka zizama ukuthatha impumelelo, ukuthatha, nokusekela izisebenzi ezihlukahlukene. Lesi sihloko sihlola inzuzo enkulu yemfundo yasendaweni yokufundisa, futhi sihlola inqubo ehambisana nale zimiso ezisetshenziswayo.

Ukuqonda Izinto Ezihlukahlukene Zothisha: Azikho Ezimelelweyo

Uthisha ohlukahlukene uhlanganisa okungaphezu nje kokwakheka kwenani labantu abasebenza esikoleni; uhlanganisa izikhawu zokuhlangenwe nakho okuphilayo, imibono, kanye nezindlela zamasiko afundisayo afundiswa amakilasi abo. Izisebenzi ezifundisayo ezihlukene ngempela zihlanganisa abantu abavela ezinhlangani ezihlukahlukene, ezinhlangani, ezomnotho, ezingokolimini, nakwezezitho zobulili, kanye nalabo abanezizinda ezikhubazekile, kanye nalabo abavela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Ukubaluleka kokwehlukahlukahlukahlukahlukahluka okungaphezu kwendima ephambili: othisha abahlukahlukene basengozini kakhulu yokusebenzisa imibono ehlukahlukene engokwesiko, engokohlanga, futhi bakha ubuhlobo obuqinile nabafundi abavela emiphakathini ehlukene. Ucwaningo lweSikhungo seDiapolitimenti lubonisa ukuthi lapho abafundi befundiswa umfundisi oyedwa wohlanga olufanayo, baqala ukuthatha izifundo zemfundo ephakeme, imfundo ephakeme.

Izimiso zokufundisa zendawo zimisa uhlelo lwezinto ezisho ukuhlukahluka. Ezinye izigodi zithatha imigomo ecacile ekwakheni izinhlelo zazo, kuyilapho ezinye zithembele ezitatimensweni ezicacile, ezikwazi ukusebenza. Ngaphandle kwezimiso ezicacile, ezisebenzayo, ukuphishekela amandla ahlukahlukene okufundisa kuhlala kungumnqweno kunokuba kube umphumela ongenakulungiseka. Ngakho, ukuqonda amasu wezimiso akhona okuthola imvume (ukusukela ekuthatheni ikhanda) kuya ekuthatheni isizinda sonyaka.

Indlela Ukufundisa Ngethonya Labantu Bendawo Okuhlukahlukene

Izimiso zemfundo zendawo zingathuthukisa noma ziphazamise ukuhlukahluka ngezinqubo eziningi ezihlangene. Lezi zinqubo zihlanganisa ukuqashwa nokuqashwa, izimfuneko zesiqinisekiso, ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe, namasu okuzigcina. Indawo ngayinye inikeza amathuba okungenela kwezimiso anganweba noma anciphe i-partyumu ehlukahlukene.

Izinyathelo Zokubuyisela Imali Nezinsimbi Zokukhipha Intambo

Enye yezindlela eziqondile kakhulu zezimiso zendawo ezithinta izinhlobonhlobo yizinyathelo zokuthatha izicelo. Izifunda zingamukela izinhlelo zokuthola abazohlolwa ukuze zikhange abazohlolwa emaqenjini angaphansi kwe-ikhomphyutha. Ngokwesibonelo, izimiso ezisekela izinhlelo “zisekela izinhlelo zakho” ezikhokhayo, i-paraprofessionssion, amalungu omphakathi, nabafundi basesikoleni esiphakeme abanezizinda ezihlukahlukene ukuba babe abafundisi abanokuphumelela ekwandeni kwezinhlobonhlobo. Ngokombiko we-National Education Association, izinhlelo ezisekela amayunivesithi endawo ukunikeza usizo, umqondisi, nomfutho we-cline cringssss zithuthukisa inani labafundisi abangena ezindaweni ezinemibala ehlukahlukene.

Nokho, akuzona zonke izinqubo zokuqashwa eziphumelela ngokufanayo. Izimiso ezincike kuphela ezindaweni ezivamile zomsebenzi noma ekuthumeleni i-internet zivame ukuveza izindlela zokuzalana kwabantu ezikhona manje. Ukumelana nalokhu, izifunda zingasebenzisa imikhuba “yokuqasha impumputhe” esusa amagama nemishini esetshenziswayo ekuhlolweni kokuqala, inciphise ubandlululo olusobala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso ezifaka ukungena kwamuva noma eminye imizila ye-crectivesting sy sy program efana nezinhlelo zokuhlala eziqokolwe ngokwemisebenzi yezokwelapha, ezikhanga abashicishi bemisebenzi kanye nabantu abanezizinda ezihlukahlukene abangakhange bafune ukulungiselela umfundisi okungokwesiko.

Imikhuba Eyingozi Nokukhetha Okufanele

Ngisho noma kune-pain enamandla yokuqasha, imikhuba yokuqasha ingalulaza ukuhlelwa kwezindlela ezihlukahlukene uma ingaklanyelwa ngamabomu ukulingana. Izimiso zendawo ezigunyaza amakomiti okufuna izingxoxo ezihlukahlukene, zidinga ukuqeqeshwa okuhlukahlukene kwabahlolwa, futhi zisebenzisa imithetho yezingxoxo ehleliwe esiza ekunciphiseni ubandlululo. Ezinye izifunda-zifunda ziye zamukela “ukusetshenziswa okuqinile kwezisebenzi” eziboshelwe ekuhlolweni kwesikole noma ekuhlelweni kwemali. Ngokwesibonelo, iCenters for American Progress iqoke izigobe zaminyaka yonke ezimise imigomo yokwandisa inani labafundisi bemibala nombiko obala. Lemithetho yenza ukulandisa kokwaziswa nokukhanya, yenza ukuhlelwa kwezinqumo eziyinhloko ezinqunyweni zokuqasha.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izimiso eziphoqelela izimiso eziqinile zokudluliswa okuqinile noma ezibeka phambili abazokuthatha izakhiwo zangaphakathi ngaphandle kokucabangela izinhlobonhlobo zingalondoloza ubunye. Amabhodi esikole kumelwe alinganise ngokucophelela izivumelwano zenyunyana nezimiso ezikhona kanye nesidingo sokuhlanganisa izisebenzi ngenkuthalo. Izivumelwano ezihlangene ezihlanganisa amalungiselelo ahlukahlukene − njengokuqashwa okuthandwayo kwamaqembu angaphansi kwamalunga lapho izimfanelo zilingana, iyinqubo eye yasetshenziswa ezifundeni eziningi ezinkulu zasemadolobheni.

Intuthuko Engochwepheshe Nempicabadala Yempucuko

Ukuhlukahluka nokufakwa akuyona nje kuphela ukuthi obani abangena ekilasini kodwa futhi mayelana nendlela othisha abasekelwa ngayo lapho bekhona. Izimiso zendawo ezigunyaza ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bezempucuko, imikhuba emelene ne-bias, kanye nokufundisa okusabela ngokwesiko kuyadingeka kakhulu ekudaleni indawo ezungezile yesikole esiphelele. Uma bonke othisha bengangenisisizinda sabo siqu, bamukela ukuqeqeshwa kokusingatha ubandlululo olucacile, ukuvumelana nezifundo, nokukhuthaza amandla alinganayo ekilasi, impucuko yesikole iyonke iyahlanganisa.

Izimiso zokuthuthukisa uchwepheshe kufanele ziqhubeke kunezindawo zokusebenzela zesikhathi esisodwa. Izibonelo eziphumelelayo zihlanganisa ukuqondisa, ukuhlola kontanga, namaqembu okuhlola abambisanayo avumela othisha ukuba bahlole imisebenzi yabo ngokwaziswa nangokuthola ukwaziswa. Ukucwaninga kwe American Institutes for Research kubonisa ukuthi ulwazi lobuchwepheshe olusekelwe ekuthuthukiseni uthisha nokuzigcina engcono, ikakhulukazi kubafundisi bombala abavame ukubhekana nokwehlukana okungokwengeziwe ezikoleni ezimhlophe.

Izindlela Zokunakekela Nezimiso Zokusekela

Ukuzigcina kuyinselele enkulu kakhulu yendida ehlukahlukene. Abafundisi bemibala bashiya umsebenzi ngamazinga aphakeme kunabelungu abasebenza nabo, ngokuvamile ngenxa yokungasekelwa kahle kwezokuphatha, ukuntuleka kobuhlanga nokuhlangenwe nakho kobandlululo. Izimiso zendawo zingamelana nalomkhuba ngokusungula izinhlelo ezingokomthetho eziklanyelwe ukusekela abafundisi abasha bemibala. Ngokwesibonelo, “uthisha omusha usekela izinhlangano zezokuxhumana” ezixhumanisa abafundisi nabaqeqeshi abanezizinda zobuhlanga noma zezinhlanga ezihlukene kuye kwaboniswa ukuthuthukisa ukwaneliseka komsebenzi nokunciphisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso ezidala amathuba okuthuthukiswa kwemisebenzi yesikole zenza amathuba okuthuthukisa umsebenzi . njengawobuholi bothisha, izikhundla ezikhethekile zokuqondisa, kanye nezindlela zokuqondisa , zenza abaqondisi abanolwazi. Uma othisha bebona ikusasa esifundeni esifanayo, basengozini kakhulu yokuhlala. Izifunda zingasebenzisa futhi “imikhuba yokuzikhulula” kanye nokuqinisekisa izimo zesikole ngokwesiko ngezimiso zokunikeza iziyalezo ezihlukanisayo futhi zithuthukise izwi labafundi. Imfundo igcizelela ukuthi izikole ezinezimiso ezihlukene nezibophakamiso eziqinile nezivumelwano zomkhaya zivame kakhulu ukugcina izisebenzi ezihlukahlukene ngenxa yokuthi othisha bazizwa behlonishwa futhi bebalulekile.

Ithonya Lokwehluka Kothisha Ekuncikeni Kwezingane Nezinzuzo Zabafundi

Isizathu sokuqamba uthisha ngokuhlukahluka kwezimiso zendawo sisekelwe ebufakazini obuqinile obuxhumanisa abafundisi abahlukene nemiphumela yabafundi ethuthukisiwe. Ukuhlola okuvelele okuvela kuJohns Hopkins University kwathola ukuthi abafundi abamnyama okungenani ababenothisha oyedwa oMnyama esikoleni sabaqalayo babesengozini enkulu yokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme futhi babhalise ekolishi. Lemiphumela yanikezwa ikakhulukazi ngenxa yamadoda amnyama aphansi. Ngokufanayo, ukuhlola kwaseYunivesithi yaseCalifornia, eLos Angeles, kwabonisa ukuthi abafundi be-Latino ababefundiswe abafundisi base-Latino babenolwazini oluphezulu kakhulu futhi babika ukuthi bakhokhelwa kakhulu.

Ngaphandle kwemfundo, ukuhlukahluka kothisha kuthuthukisa isimo sesikole esihlanganisa abafundi. Uma abafundi besebenzelana nothisha abavela ezizindeni ezihlukahlukene, baqala ukuqonda okungaqondakali kanye nozwela. Othisha abahlukene futhi bathambekele kakhulu ekufakeni imibono ehlukahlukene ezifundweni zabo, ukunciphisa izibalo nokuthuthukisa ukukhula okuhle kobuntu kubafundi bemibala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi ezihlukahlukene zingasebenza njengabaluleki abathenjwayo nabasekeli babafundi abangase bazizwe bencikene kakhulu.

Izinselele Ezibhekene Namaphoyisa Endawo Ekufinyeleleni Izinhlobonhlobo Zezindawo

Naphezu kwezinzuzo ezicacile, izinhlelo zendawo zivame ukubhekana nezithiyo ezinkulu. Ukunqandwa kwendlela yokusetshenziswa kwemali kuyimpikiswano engapheli: izinhlelo zokugunyaza iholo, izisusa zobuchwepheshe kudinga ukuxhasa okuntula izifunda eziningi. Ukuphikiswa kwezombangazwe kungasusa futhi izinhlelo eziphazamisa izinhlobonhlobo, ikakhulukazi uma imithetho ibhekwa njenge- “quas” noma isongela izithakazelo zothisha abamisiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucwaswa kwezimiso okubangelwa yizivivinyo ze-crective kanye nezimfuno zensuntswana ezisekela i-screctal.

Enye inselele iwukuthi akukho ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa nokuhlaziywa. Izigodi eziningi azilandeleli ngokulandelana kwezindlela ezihlukene ngaphandle kwezigaba ezibanzi, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukuphumelela kwezimiso zazo. Ngaphandle kokungahlukaniswa kokwaziswa ngokohlanga, ubulili, ubulili, nezinye izici, abenzi bemithetho bangase bangazi ukuthi bahlukani phakathi kwezimiso zabo. Umbuso nezimiso zendawo zingagunyaza ukuqoqwa kokwaziswa nokubikwa komphakathi njengenyathelo lokuqala lokulandisa.

Ukuhlola Icala: Amaphoyisa Endaweni Esebenza

Yandisa Izinhlelo Zakho Ezindaweni Zasemaphandleni

Emaphandleni amancane, azama ukuqasha othisha abangaphandle kwendawo, “Izinhlelo zakho zobuGcisa” ziye zaphumelela. Ngokwesibonelo, i- “Aleacher Academy” ehamba phambili ezifundazweni eziningi zaseMidwestst eziphethe amakholiji aphakeme omphakathi ukuze anikeze izifundo zokufundisa zakudala zasekholiji nokufundisa amaqembu aqalayo. Abafundi abavela emphakathini, abaningi babo abavela ngaphansi kwamaqembu ohlanga noma ohlanga, bathola indlela yokuya e-creamscriptude futhi bakhuthazwa ukuba babuyele emadolobheni abo ukuze bafundise. Izimiso zendawo ezisekela lezindlela zomphakathi zikhokha amakholishi futhi zinikeze izikhokhelo ezisekela abafundisi ababonisa indikimba yomfundi yendawo.

Ezinye Izimiso Zokubuyisela Izivumelwano Zasemadolobheni

Izifunda ezinkulu zasemadolobheni, njengalezo eziseDolobheni laseNew York naseChicago, ziye zasungula izinhlelo zothisha zokuhlala ezinikeza imfundo yonyaka wonke ngaphansi kothisha ofundisayo kuyilapho abazobhapathizwa bethola isilinganiso solwazi. Lezinhlelo zithola imibala ekhethekile evela emiphakathini yendawo. Ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi abathweswe iziqu abahlala esifundeni basengozini kakhulu yokuhlala iminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu uma kuqhathaniswa nothisha abagunyaziwe. Izimiso zendawo ezihlela imali kahulumeni (njengeSihlomo II) kanye nokubambisana okungakhokheli zisekela lezinhlelo, kubonisa ukuthi ukungenela kwezimiso zokuzimo zokwenza impumelelo engokwesiko.

Izinqubo Zokuthuthukisa Ukuphumelela Kwesimiso

Ukuze kuqiniswe ithonya lezimiso zokufundisa zendawo ngokuhlukahluka kothisha nokufakwa, abakhi bezimiso nothisha kumelwe basebenzise indlela ebanzi, yokuhlanganisa ukwaziswa, nokuhlanganisa umphakathi. Amasu alandelayo asekelwa ukucwaninga nokuzijwayeza okuphumelelayo.

Indlela yokuthola imininingwane yemininingwane yohlobo olungenalo

Njalo hlola ukuhlukahluka kwemijikelezo yothisha yemisebenzi. (ngokomzekelo, uma ukwaziswa kubonisa ukuthi abafundisi bemibala bashiya isifunda ngesilinganiso esiphezulu ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, izinhlelo zokuhlola ukusekela ukusebenza, ukusekela kokuphatha, ukusekela, nokuthuthukisa izimali zomphakathi.

Ukuhlanganyela Enqubweni Yezomthetho

Imithetho eqaliswe ngokuzehlukanisa ayizukuthola futhi ibhekane nezidingo zangempela. Imikhaya, izinhlangano zomphakathi, izinyunyana zothisha, namaqembu okusungula izigebengu enqubweni yomphakathi. Ukubophana komphakathi kuqinisekisa ukuthi izimiso zibonakalisa umongo oyingqayizivele wesifunda futhi zakhe ukwethembana. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuba nezikhathi zokulalela nothisha bemibala kungaveza izinselele ezifihlekile ezinjengokungavumelani kwemizwa noma ukuntula kwezwi ekwenzeni izinqumo. Uma imiphakathi isungula izindlela, thenga futhi yandise ukwenyuka.

Yenza Izingqinamba Zemali Futhi Ususe Izithiyo Zemali

Imingcele yezimali iyisizathu esiyinhloko esenza ukuba abantu abanezizinda ezihlukahlukene bangangeni noma bahlale befundisa. Izimiso zendawo zinganikeza izikhokhelo, imali ethethelelwayo, kanye nezindlu ezithengwa othisha abavela emaqenjini angangeni akhona. Izinhlelo zokuthethelela ezihlangene nokusebenza ezikoleni eziphakeme ezidinga usizo ziphumelela kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimiso ezinciphisa izindleko ze-creding [1] ezilingana nemali yokuhlola nokunikeza ukuhlola ngaphambi kwe-p //ukwandisa i-payipiter. “Ukuntuleka kwemibhobho” izincazelo zezindawo ezithile zezifundo (umk., imfundo ekhethekile, imfundo ephindiweyo) zingabangela izisusa ezikhokhwa.

Yakha Amasiko Esikole Esihlanganisa Izikole Ngomthetho

Ukuzigcina akuzona nje izisusa zezimali; kubalulekile ukuthi othisha bazizwa behlonishwa, bebalulekile futhi belondekile yini. Izimiso zendawo kufanele zigunyaze ukusungulwa kwamaqembu ahlukene esikoleni ngasinye, ukuhlola isimo sezulu njalo, nemikhuba yokulungisa. Izimiso ezivikela othisha ekucwaseni futhi zinikeze izinqubo ezicacile zezenzakalo zobandlululo. Abaholi besikole kufanele bahlolwe emakhonweni abo okuthuthukisa indawo ezungezile ehlukene, kanye nemiphumela yokuhluleka ukubhekana nezimiso ezizimele.

Isiphetho: Indlela Engaphambili

Izimiso zemfundo zendawo zingamathuluzi anamandla okulolongela ukufundisa ngokuhlukahluka nokufakwa. Ngokuklama ngamabomu ukuqasha, ukuqasha, ukuthuthukisa umsebenzi, nokuzinza okuhlela ukulingana, izifunda zingakha izisebenzi ezifundisa ngokunezinto eziningi abafundi abazisebenzisayo. Nakuba izinselele ezinjengokungahleleki kwemali, ukumelana kwezombangazwe, nokungavumelani nezimiso zezimiso zezokusebenza kuyaqhubeka, ubufakazi obubonisa ukuthi imizamo egxile yenqubo iveza imiphumela engokoqobo. Izinzuzo zemfundo eziphambili, izimpawu ezihlanganisa kakhulu zezifunda zesikole, kanye nezibopho zomphakathi eziqinile zidlula ubunzima.

Imithombo yangaphandle kanye nokufunda okwengeziwe: I- Ukufunda Policy Institute inikeza ukucwaninga okunzulu ngezindlela zothisha ezihlukene. inikeza i-National Education Association iqoqo lezemfundo le-atkits lokuxhuma umfundisi wophayiphi. [[FLT:] [[FLT]] iveza imibiko ngemisebenzi ehlangene ephakeleleyo ephawini. Isiba sezekelo sezeNtshukuphelo lwaseMelika itusa izimiso zokuqesha inzuzo., kuhlanganise [FLT][FLT] Ukucwaninga kwezemfundo yezemfundo ephakathi yontanga][FLT][FT]