Ubandlululo Nethonya Lalo Lesikhathi Eside Ekulinganiseni Komphakathi

Ubandlululo lulokhu lungenye yezithiyo eziphikelelayo zokulingana emiphakathini yanamuhla. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isuka ohlwini, ebulilini, ebuhlotsheni, ekukhubazekeni, noma kwezinye izici, imikhuba yokukhetha, idala ukungalingani okukhulu okuthinta zonke izici zokuphila (kusukela empeleni yemali nasekutholeni imfundo empilweni engokomzimba nengokwenhlalo) Ukuqonda lemiphumela akuyona nje indlela yemfundo; kuyisinyathelo elidingekayo ekuklameni izimiso nemikhuba engathuthukisa ngempela inkundla yokudlala.

Lesi sihloko sihlola izindlela ubandlululo oluqeda ngazo ukulingana, luhlola imiphumela yalo ebanzi, futhi luhlela amasu asekelwe ebufakazini okwakha umphakathi ozimele. Ngokukhanyisa kokubili izindlela ezivamile nezicashile zobandlululo, singaqonda kangcono ukuthi kungani ukulingana kulokhu kunzima − kanye nokuthi yini engenziwa ukuze kube yiqiniso.

Lokho Okushiwo Ukubandlulula Ngempela

Ekujuleni kwayo, ubandlululo luhlanganisa ukuphatha abantu ngabanye noma amaqembu ngendlela engafanele ngenxa yezici ezivamile ezingenakulawulwa. Nakuba umqondo ulula, ukubonakaliswa kwawo kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kugxile kakhulu ezimisweni zezenhlalo, ezemisebenzi, nakubantu ngabanye. Ukucwasa kungaba okuqondile − njengomqashi onqaba ukuqasha othile ngenxa yohlanga lwabo − noma engaqondile, njengalapho isimiso esibonakala singathathi hlangothi silimaza iqembu elivikelwe ngokungenakugwenywa.

Ukuze siqonde ngokugcwele ithonya laso ekulinganani, sisiza ekuqedeni izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu.

Ukubandlululana Ngokobuhlanga Nangokobuhlanga

Ubandlululo lobuhlanga luhlala lungenye yezindlela ezigcwele kakhulu zokungalingani. Lubonakala ezimakethe zezindlu, lapho ucwaningo luthola khona ukuthi abantu abanemibala baboniswa khona izakhiwo ezimbalwa noma banikezwa amagama amancane. Esimisweni sokwahlulela kobugebengu, ukuhlukanisa ngokohlanga nokugweba kubhalwe kahle. ACLU luye lwabika kakhulu ukuthi ubandlululo lwezinhlanga lululaza kanjani ukuphathwa ngendlela efanayo ngaphansi komthetho.

Ukucwaswa Ngokohlanga

Ubandlululo olungokohlobo luthinta kokubili abesifazane kanye nabantu abangebona ababodwa, nakuba ngaphambili abesifazane beye bathwala izinhlungu. Lubonakala emakhaleni omholo . Abesifazane baphawula ukuthi embulungeni yonke, abesifazane bahola imali engaphansi kwamaphesenti angu-23 kunamadoda emsebenzini ofanayo. Futhi kuthinta izinqumo zokuqasha, izindlela zokuthuthukisa, nempucuko yomsebenzi. Uma abesifazane bekhishwa ngokulandelana ezinkonzweni zobuholi noma bekhokhwa ngemali efanayo, ukulingana kuhlala kuyisifiso kunokuba kube iqiniso.

Ukucwaswa Ngokweminyaka

Ukucwaswa kweminyaka kuyanqamuka zombili izindlela: izisebenzi esezikhulile zibhekene nombono ofiphele ngokungavumelani nezimo, kuyilapho izisebenzi ezisencane zingathathwa njengezingenalwazi noma ezingasebenzi. Ezomnotho eziningi, ubandlululo oluhlobene nobudala lunciphisa ukunyakaza nokukhula komsebenzi, okunezela ekungalondeki ngokwezimali kamuva ekuphileni. U.S.Encial Processimption Commission[ i-operactive Commission emelene nokucwa kobudala, kodwa izimo zisekhona.

Ukucwaswa Okungaqondakali

Abantu abakhubazekile bayaqhubeka bebhekana nemingcele engokomzimba, enzima, neyokuhlela. Izakhiwo ezingakholeki, ukuntuleka kwezindawo zokulala, kanye nokucabanga ngekhono kwakha indawo yokudlala engalingani. Inhlangano yempilo yomhlaba wonke[ ilinganisela ukuthi abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane babhekene nohlobo oluthile lokukhubazeka, futhi basengozini kakhulu yokungasebenzi futhi baphile ngobumpofu.

Ubandlululo Olusekelwe Ekugqameni Kwezocansi Nokuhlukaniswa Kwabantu Ngezinhlanga

I-LGBTQ+ abantu babhekene nokucwaswa ezindlini, ezingokwempilo, emsebenzini, nasezinkonzweni zomphakathi. Ezifundeni eziningi, isivikelo esingokomthetho sibuthakathaka noma asikho, kushiya abantu bengavikelekile ekudubuleni, ekuxoshweni nasekuphikeni ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ubandlululo olunjalo lululaza ngokuqondile ukulingana ngokulinganisela amalungelo ayisisekelo abanye abawathatha kalula.

Ukungezwani: Lapho Izindlela Zobandlululo Zidlulela

Okubalulekile ukuthi ubandlululo aluvamile ukubuswa umuntu omnyama, kodwa luyinhlanganisela eyingqayizivele yazo zombili izinkolo, eyaqanjwa isazi esingokomthetho uKimberlé Crenshaw. Ukuqonda ukuhlangana kwezindawo kuyisihluthulelo sokubhekana nokulingana ngoba abantu abaningi abangaphansi kwabo ngokuvamile babhekana nobukhulu obuyindida bobandlululo.

Indlela Ubandlululo Olulimaza Ngayo Ukulingana

Ukulingana kusho ukuthi wonke umuntu unethuba elifanelekile lokuphumelela, kungakhathaliseki isizinda. Ukubandlululwa kuqeda lesosimiso ngokulinganisela ngokuhlelekile amathuba amaqembu athile kuyilapho ehlukanisa amanye. Umonakalo usobala ezindaweni eziningi.

Ukungalingani Kwezomnotho

Imali eqashwe ngokungenaluzwela, iholo elilinganiselwe nentuthuko elinganiselwe emsebenzini kubangela igebe elingapheli. Ngokwesibonelo, ingcebo yemikhaya yabamhlophe eUnited States iphindwe cishe izikhathi eziyishumi kunaleyo yemikhaya yabansundu, ubandlululo olubangelwa ngokwengxenye yizimiso zezindlu zobandlululo, imikhuba yokuboleka, nokucwaswa kwemisebenzi.

  • Iholo eliphansi:[ ukuhlola kubonisa ukuthi abesifazane nabantu abanemibala bakhokhelwa imali engaphansi kweyamadoda amhlophe emsebenzini ofanayo, ngisho nalapho belawula imfundo nolwazi.
  • Ukungasebenzi okuphezulu kakhulu: Phakathi nokuwohloka kwezomnotho, amaqembu agwegwe ngokuvamile angowokuqala ukukhishwa futhi owokugcina ozophinde uqanjwe.
  • Ukufinyelela enhloko- dolobha okudiliziwe: Abangenisi abavela emaqenjini amelelweyo babhekene nobunzima obukhulu ekulondolozeni imali ebolekiwe nokuxhasa ibhizinisi, ukuthuthukisa kwezebhizinisi.

Lapho izinhlangano ezinkulu zezakhamuzi zingakwazi ukunyakazisa ngokwezimali, umnotho ulahlekelwa umkhiqizo — ukuncipha kwemali yabathengi, nokuncika kakhulu ekusizeni umphakathi.

Imfundo Engafani

Ukulingana kwemfundo kuvame ukuchazwa njengemphelelisi omkhulu, kodwa ubandlululo luguqula izikole zibe izindawo zokungalingani. Kusuka emikhubeni yokuyala ekhetha ngokungenakulinganiswa evala imibala kusuka ezikoleni ezidunyiswayo ezisezindaweni ezitholakele kakhulu, isimiso semfundo sivame ukuveza izigaba ezihlukene ezikhona.

  • Ukuhlela nokuhlela amaqoqo: izindlela zemfundo eziqinile zivame ukugcwala abafundi abathola imali encane nabathola imali ephansi, kunciphisa amathuba esikhathi esizayo.
  • Usongo lwezenterotype: Abafundi abaqaphela imibono ephambene ngeqembu labo bangase benze okubi kakhulu ngokwezemfundo ngenxa yokucindezela okungeziwe okungokwengqondo.
  • Iphepha lophawu: Uma izisebenzi zesikole nezokufundisa zingabonisi izizinda ezihlukene, abafundi bamaqembu angaphansi bangazizwa bethembisene imali encane futhi besekelwa.

Njengoba bengenayo imfundo ephambili, abaningi abakakwazi ukuyithola isithembiso sokuhamba bebodwa.

Impilo Nenhlalakahle

Ubandlululo aluyona nje indaba yezenhlalakahle noma yezomnotho. Ukuzwa ubandlululo kubangela ukusabela okungapheli kokucindezeleka okungaholela ekuguleni kwegazi eliya emhlane, isifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo. American Psychological Association[ kuye kwafakazela ukuthi inani elikhuphukayo lobandlululo lisheshisa ukuguga komzimba futhi landisa ingozi yokufa.

  • [ Impilo yengqondo: Izisulu zobandlululo zisengozini enkulu yokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, ukucindezeleka kwangemva kwe-traumatic disorder, nokusetshenziswa kabi kwezidakamizwa.
  • Ukutholakala kwemali yokunakekela: Ukungaphathi kahle kwezinhlangano zezokwelapha, kanye nokunqaba ngokuphelele ukunakekelwa, kusho amaqembu angaphansi kakhulu athola ukwelashwa okusezingeni eliphansi.
  • Ukuchayeka okungokomsuka: izindlela zokuvimbela ubandlululo ezisetshenziswayo zezindlu ziye zasunduza imiphakathi yedlanzana ezindaweni ezinokungcola okuningi nezindawo eziluhlaza okotshani okuncane, okubangela izifo ezingamahlalakhona.

Lapho wonke amaqembu ebhekana nemiphumela emibi yempilo ngenxa yobandlululo, ukulingana kusewumqondo ocatshangelwayo kunokuba kube yinto engokoqobo.

Ukubambisana Kwezenhlalo Nokuhlanganyela Kwezombangazwe

Ubandlululo luphazamisa inqubo yomphakathi. Uma abantu benomuzwa wokuthi isimiso sibekwe kubo, ukuthemba izinhlangano kuyawohloka. Lokhu kungaholela ekuncipheni kwe-voti phakathi kwamaqembu angaphansi kwemingcele, ukuncishiswa kwezivumelwano zomphakathi, nomuzwa wokuhlukaniswa nomphakathi. Ezimweni ezidlulele, ukucwasana kubangela ukulwa kwamaqembu, kululaza kanye umqondo womphakathi ohlangeneyo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubandlululo lungabangela ukuhlukana. Labo abakhishwayo ngokulandelana bangase bangazami ukuzimelela ngokwabo, kungaba ngenxa yokuthi bafaka imiyalezo engakhi ngaphakathi noma ngenxa yokuthi ababoni sizathu sokuzama.

Ukucwaswa Kwesimiso: Ukwakheka Okungabonakali Kokungalingani

Nakuba izenzo zobandlululo ngazinye ziwukukhetha okulimaza kakhulu ngokuvamile kuyindlela ehlelekile: esekelwe emithethweni, ezimisweni, nasemikhubeni yokuhlela. ubandlululo lwesimiso aludingi ukuba kube nomdlali onobandlululo olusobala; lusebenza ngezimiso nangemikhakha elimaza amaqembu athile.

Ngokwesibonelo, imithetho yokufaka i-algorithm yokweleta encike kuma-zip code angakhetha ngokungenhloso ngokumelene nomphakathi onezimo eziguquliwe ngokomlando. I-software elawula abantu abaphumelele esikhathini esidlule ingafana nobandlululo lwezifebe noma lobuhlanga. Imithetho evimbela ukukhokha izindlu ezibizayo ingahlanganisa imiphakathi ngeholo nangohlanga. Lezi zimiso azibonakali zingathathi hlangothi ngokwezindinganiso kanye nezimo zalabo abazenzayo.

Ukusingatha ubandlululo olungokwesimiso kudinga okungaphezu kwezimiso ezimelene nokungavumelani; kudinga izinyathelo eziqhubekayo ezinjengokuhlaziya i - equity stadition, umklamo owenziwe ngokugqamile, nezinguquko zokwakha.

Indima Yemizimba Ephelele

Ngisho nabantu abalulahlayo ubandlululo bangafukamela ubandlululo olusobala oluthonya izinqumo zokuqasha, ukuxilonga, noma ukusebenzelana nekilasi. Ukucwaninga ngokusebenzisa i - Excrect Association Susitions kubonise ukuthi abantu abaningi, kungakhathaliseki isizinda, banobandlululo olucacile ngamaqembu ahluliwe.

Nakuba ubandlululo olucacile lungafani nobandlululo olungavamile, lungaba nemiphumela eyingozi efanayo ngokuxosha amathuba ngobuqili kubantu abathile. Ukuqaphela nokuqeqesha kungasiza ekunciphiseni ithonya layo, kodwa izinguquko zesimiso sokusebenza (njengezinqubo zokuthola imishini), ngokuvamile ziphumelela kakhulu.

Ukuhlola Icala: Ukucwaswa Kwezenzo

Ukuze siqonde indlela ubandlululo olululaza ngayo ukulingana, kusiza ekuhloleni izibonelo zezwe langempela.

Izindlu Nefa Lokubuyisela Imali

Ngo-1930, i-Home Moneys’s Loan Corporation kahulumeni wase-U.S. yadala amabalazwe asho ukuthi izindawo ezinezinga eliphezulu ezisekelwe "ekuthandekeni kwazo," ezicacisa ngokuqondile ukuhlelwa kwezinhlanga. Indawo ezinezakhamuzi ezimnyama zazivame ukuba nemibala ebomvu--hence igama elithi "relining"(-/* kanye kanye nesithi iyingozi kakhulu ekubolekeni imali. Lokhu kwenza ukuba izizukulwane zemikhaya yabamnyama zingangeni emakhaya, imoto eyinhloko yengcebo eyakheka eMelika. Ngisho nangemva kokuba i-redlinningx yakhiwe nge-trans yaqhubeka. Namuhla, izindawo ezazisabomvu ngaphambili zinenani lempahla eliphansi, ama-amen, amavotation, nezinga eliphakeme.

Ukuphumelela Kwegebe Ekuholeni Kwesizwe

Naphezu kwentuthuko, abesifazane abasamelelwa ezindimani eziphetheyo emhlabeni wonke. [[FLT: 0] Abesifazane abaMckinsoy eMcK [ njalo bathola ukuthi kumadoda ayikhulu akhushulelwa ekubeni umphathi, abesifazane abangamashumi ayisithupha kuphela abaphakanyiswayo, futhi igebe likhulu kakhulu kwabesifazane abanemibala. Le "sehlo esinyathelweni sokuqala sokuphatha lisusa ukuwohloka kobungani obuhlala njalo kuyo yonke imisebenzi.

LGBTQ+ ubandlululo ekunakekeleni impilo

I-LGBTQ+ abantu abaningi babika ukuthi bagwema ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngenxa yokwesaba ubandlululo. Ukuhlola kwa 2020 okwenziwa iCentre for American Progress kwathola ukuthi amaphesenti angu-16 abantu abenqatshelwa ngokuphelele ukunakekelwa kwempilo, futhi abangaphezu kwengxenye baye baphathwa kabi ngandlela-thile. Lokhu kugwenywa kuholela ekuhlolweni okulandelayo kanye nasemiphumeleni emibi kakhulu yempilo, kuphikisa ngokuqondile isimiso sokuthola ukunakekelwa okulinganayo.

Amasu Okulingana Okukhula

Ukubandlululana kuyinkinga elukhuni, kodwa akuyona into engenakugwenywa.

Imfundo Nemikhankaso Yokuqaphela

Imfundo ayibalulekile nje kuphela kulabo abasengozini yokucwaswa kodwa nakulabo abasemagunyeni abangase bangayiqhubekisi.

  • [ Ukungenela okusekelwe ku-School:[ ukufundisa abafundi ngomlando wobandlululo nokubaluleka kokwehlukahluka kunganciphisa ubandlululo ekuqaleni kokuphila.
  • Ukuqeqeshelwa umsebenzi endaweni yokusebenza: Izindawo zokusebenzela ezihambayo ezibonisa ubandlululo olungekho mzileni, ulwenzeko, kanye nomholi ohlanganisa indawo ezungezile okwazi ukuhlanganisa indawo ezungezile.
  • [ Imikhankaso yokuqaphelisa:[ Izindlela zokuxhumana ezifana #MeToo no-Black Live Matter ishintshe inkulumo yeningi futhi yakha ukucindezela kwezinguquko ezingokomthetho.

Nokho, imfundo iyodwa ayanele uma iqhubeka ivimbela izakhiwo.

Izinguquko Ezingokomthetho Nezesimiso

Imithetho eqinile yokunqanda ukungavumelani inikeza isisekelo sokulingana. Le mithetho kumelwe iphoqelelwe njalo futhi ivuselelwe ukuxoxa ngezinhlobo ezintsha zobandlululo, njengobandlululo lwe-algorith.

  • ukugcinwa komthetho okuqinisayo: Izimo ezinjenge-EEOC zidinga imithombo negunya lokuhlola nokujezisa ubandlululo.
  • nikeza imithetho ebonayo: Ukucela izinkampani ukuveza uhlu lweholo kusiza ukuvala izikhala zomholo.
  • Isenzo esiqinile nezilinganiso ezilinganayo: izinqubo ezisebenzayo ekuqasheni, emfundweni, nasekuthatheni zingamelana nezimo ezingokomlando.
  • [[QULT:0] Izindinganiso zomklamo ezihlanganisa kanye:[ Izinhlamvu zokwakha, isofthiwe, nezinkonzo kufanele kuklanywe ngokuthola nokubhala engqondweni kusukela ekuqaleni.

Ukunikezwa Amandla Nobushiqela Bomphakathi

Ushintsho oluhlala njalo luvela ezinhlanganweni zotshani. Izinhlangano zomphakathi zisekela izisulu zobandlululo, zisekela izinguquko zezimiso, futhi zibangela ukuba izinhlangano zibone ukuthi iziphi izaba. Ukwakha imifelandawonye eqenjini ahlukene amaqembu ahlukene angemuva kungasandisa amazwi futhi kwakhe amakhambi amaningi ahlanganisayo.

Isinyathelo Nomuntu Ngamunye

Izinhlangano zingakhuluma lapho zibona ubandlululo, zinikeza ozakwabo uthisha abavela emaqenjini angawafanele, futhi zizifundise ngokuhlangenwe nakho kwabanye.

Isiphetho

Imiphumela yobandlululo ngokulingana emphakathini inamandla, isabalele, futhi ikhona. kusukela emagebesini ezomnotho nasemfundweni kuya ekuhlukaneni kwempilo nakwezenhlalo, ubandlululo lululaza isithembiso esiyisisekelo sokuthi wonke umuntu ufanelwe ithuba elifanelekile lokuphumelela. Kodwa ukuqonda lemiphumela kubuye kube umthombo wethemba: kucacisa ukuthi ukungenela kudingani kakhulu nokuthi yiziphi izindlela okufanele kuzenze.

Ukwakha umphakathi olinganayo ngempela kudinga ukuhlukanisa izakhiwo ezisekela ubandlululo, inselele yokucwasa nokucacisa, futhi inike amandla imiphakathi engazange isetshenziswe ngokomlando. Kuwumsebenzi wesikhathi eside, kodwa oqhubekela phambili nanoma iziphi izinqubo, zonke izimo ezibhekene nazo, futhi zonke izithiyo ezisusiwe. Ukulingana akufinyelelwa ngokuzenzekelayo; kumelwe kwakhiwe ngokuqhubekayo, futhi umsebenzi unomthwalo wethu sonke.