Okutegeera Amaanyi: Ekintu eky’Amaanyi Ekikulu

Amaanyi ge gamu ku maanyi amangi ennyo era agatategeerekeka mu bantu. Gakola ku ngeri zonna ez'enjawulo, okuva ku kuteesa kw'abantu babiri okutuuka ku buyinza bw'amawanga. Bwe tulaba ebiva mu kukola ebintu — ku mirimu gye tukola, ku nkolagana yaffe, ku by'obufuzi, ne ku nnyinyonnyola y'amaanyi. Amaanyi ago bwe busobozi bw'okufuga oba okufuga empisa z'abantu, ebikolebwa oba eby'obugagga [. Wabula okusobola okutegeera obulungi amaanyi, tulina okwekenneenya ennyimba zaago, ebizikubya byaawulibwamu, n'amaanyi agafuga. Ekitundu kino kiwayira ddala obulagirizi ku ngeri gye gaakozesebwamu.

Amaanyi tegaatondebwa nga malungi oba mabi; era gafuuka ga maanyi oba si mazibu okusinziira ku ngeri gye gayinza okufunibwamu, okugakozesa, n'okugaziyiza. Bannasayansi, bannabyabufuzi, era abafirosoofo bawaayiriza omuwendo gwaago okumala emyaka egikumi n'enkumi. Okuva ku nnukuta ya Max Weber gye yannyonnyola nti, “kisuubirwa nti omuntu akola eby'obufuzi ajja kuba mu nkolagana ennungi ne bantu, ng'asobola okukola by'ayagala wadde ng'awakanya obukyayiri obwa Michelucault." Enjigiriza y'obuyinza ereeteetwalidde mu mitendera egikolebwa mu bantu, era eyoleka engeri ez'amaanyi. Ekitundu kino kiyamba okukubaga endowooza eno ey'omuganyulo, 360 - sente ez'amaanyi mu kyasa ekya 21 ekina.

Engeri Ebintu Gye Binnyonnyolwamu n’Enjigiriza Ze Kye Ki?

Okusooka, twetaaga okukoma ku nnyinyonnyola za waggulu. Amaanyi gatera okutegeerwa okuyitira mu buwayiro obusinga obungi obukola ebintu ebyamaguzi. Ekisinga okumanyibwa kye kino kye kirabiro eky'amaanyi[, ekiteeberezebwa bannabyabufuzi Steven Lukas mu mulimu gwe gwa amaanyi: Endowooza egoberera egoberera enkola ya mukiikika.

  • Obuwanvu bw'olupapula [[AK'AWULA]] Obukyayi bw'omuntu okukola ekintu ky'atasobola kukola (amaanyi agaleetera omuntu okusalawo). Kino kye kikola ekisingirayo ddala okulabika — Atera okuwangula okusoomoozebwa ku B.
  • Obunene bw'obubonero obufuga ensengeka y'ebiwandikiro. Obubonero obufuga engeri gye bufugamu ko n'obubonero obuba buzzewo, obuba bulaga w'osobola okusalawo ku nsonga ki n'obulu nti bulina kuggibwa ku mmeeza (amaanyi agatasobozesa muntu kusalawo). Kino kisobozesa obutategeeragana obumu okubaawo okuva lwe wabaawo okujjawo.
  • [[NKULA]] Obusobozi bw'okukyusaamu mu ngeri abantu gye baagala, gye bakkirizaamu n'ebyo bye baagala, kibayamba okukkiriza nti ebintu biriwo mu ngeri gye bitegekebwamu. Eno y'engeri enneekusifu kubanga eremesa abantu okutegeera ebyo bye baagala.

Okutegeera empandika zino kikulu nnyo mu kwekkaanya ani alina obuyinza, kubanga abazannyi abasingayo okuba ab'amaanyi tebatera kukola nga tewali alaba wa kukka. Okusobola okwongera ku njigiriza ya Lukka, laba Encyclopedia of Philosophy on the [

Nsonga endala enkulu zizingiramu Foucault’s “bufumu bwa maanyi,” obugamba nti amaanyi si ga bantu kinnoomu naye gakozesebwa mu nkola eza bulijjo, ebitongole, ebiddukanya, n'emboozi. Amaanyi gasaasaanya era galimu ebibala — gasobozesa okumanya n'eby'okufuga, so si okukasuka obukaseera. Era, Arect''''''''''amaanyi nga ga bulijjo. Kino kiyinza okumanyisa ate ne kisobozesa ekibiina ky'abafuzi okukuba ebigenda mu mwoozi, emirundi mingi gakontana n'eby'ettemu oba n'omufuzi omu.

Ebiraga Amaanyi Agasinga Obukulu

Okusobola okweyongera okutegeera ensonga eno, lowooza ku bintu bino ebikulu:

  • Amaanyi [[:0] ga nkolagana.[[AZITO:1] Tegaliiko kye kikola; gava mu nkolagana eziri wakati w'abantu oba entegeka. Omufuzi talina buyinza ku bantu.
  • K'[AK'AWULA:0] Amaanyi ge gavaako.[[Akawayiro:1] K'ayinza okuba n'obuyinza bw'omu omulundi gumu n'omu KEO ku mulimu, ate g'omulwadde mu ddwaliro eddala ayinza okuba n'obuyinza obutono.
  • Amaanyi [[:0] gayinza okweyoleka oba okweyoleka.[[AK'AWULA] Tegategeeza nti omuntu abuzeeko amaanyi; era n'obusobozi bw'okukyusa engeri gye yeeyisaamu.
  • K'[AWULA] Amaanyi ga maanyi.[[AK'AWULA:1] Amaanyi ago gava mu budde era n'obuzibu bwa maanyi bw'amasannyalaze busobola okugoozebwamu, okusazesebwa, oba okulabirirwa nga tumeggana.

Enjigiriza Etaano ez’Amaanyi (Mufalansa ne Raven)

Mu 1950, abakugu mu by'enkwata z'abantu John Franch ne Bertram Raven baatandikawo ebikompola by'amasannyalaze eby'amaanyi, nga kino kye kya muganyulo nnyo mu kwekenneenyeza ebitundu ebitaano eby'omulembe guno, ebizingirwamu mu nteekateeka z'abantu, n'ebyo ebikwata ku bukulembeze.

Asobola Okukuba Ssigala

Amaanyi agakolera ku nkola z'ekiteebeereka ge busobozi bw'okubonereza oba okuteeka obulamu mu kabi. Mu nkola z'ebyobufuzi, amaanyi agafuga amateeka, okutiisatiisa, okukuba masasi, okufeebeza, oba okugoba abantu. Mu mirimu gy'akola, maneja akolera ku mirimu egitali gya mugaso, ayinza okugaana abo abagaagala oba okubawa omulimu ogutagasa. Mu by'obufuzi, amaanyi g'okugooleka amateeka n'okukwata eby'amagye. Kyokka, amaanyi g'ekitongole gago tegakuuma bunafu; galeetera okusiba ekiruyi, okukendeeza obwesige, era emirundi mingi kikwetaagisa okulabibwa. obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okukakanyalaasibwa abantu, obwegugungo oba obutwalibwa obutwanyi.

Empeera

Amaanyi bwe gayinza okuba amalaanyi. Amaanyi bwe gatwalibwa ng'agateesiga nnyini ku muntu. Amaanyi gayinza okunafuwa mu maanyi g'oyo gwe gaba gaba gaweereddwa. Okugatta ku ekyo, amaanyi gakola bulungi singa oyo gwe gaba gaba gaba gaba gaweereddwa aweebwa empeera era ne gakola ng'omukisa.

3. Abakulembeze Abalina Obukulembeze

Amaanyi gano gakkirizibwa mu kifo eky'enjawulo, mu kifo eky'obuvunaanyizibwa oba ekitiibwa. Mu bibiina, CEO, maneja, oba alondeddwa okuba n'obuyinza okusinziira ku buyinza bwabwe. Obwannakyewa buno bukkirizibwa mu ntegeka ya sistemu eno. Bwe buwagirwa abantu okusuubira okugagondera mu mpandika enfumo. Kyokka, amaanyi ag'enkomeredde ga mugaso singa abantu bakkiriza obwannannyini ekifo kino. Obwesige bwe butwala nti bwe bukomya oba embeera y'ebintu eno ewangudde. Eno y'ensonga lwaki, okukajja kw'enkalankano n'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu bantu si kye kitegeeza kyokka naye obubonero bw'obuyinza.

Amaanyi ga Bannabizineesi

Amaanyi ago geesigamye ku kumanya okw'enjawulo, obumanyirivu, oba obukugu. Omusawo, ne yinginiya wa programu, munnasayansi, oba munnamateeka, balina obuyinza obwo kubanga abalala beesigama ku kumanya kwabwe okusingira ddala. Amaanyi ago gassibwamu nnyo ekitiibwa era gasobola okubaako kye gasalawo nga tewali buyinza. Galina okufunibwa okuyitira mu kuba n'obusobozi era gayinza okubula singa abakugu batandika okubuusabuusa oba nga bassibwamu obwesige. Mu kiseera eky'obulango, amaanyi geeyongera okukubagajja era n'okuvuganyanya, n'okuwakanya eby'obulimba.

5. Amaanyi Agamuwa Obuyinza

Bannabyabufuzi abawaatwanya, bannakyewa, bannakyewa, bawa buyinza, era ne bakozi bannaabwe abalina obuyinza. Abantu bagoberera obuyinza obwo olw'okuba baagala okulagibwa ebyakulabirako. Obuyinza obwo busobola okuba obw'amaanyi mangi nnyo naye era bunafu nnyo era bwesigama ku kukyesisiwa.

Oluvannyuma, Raven yagattakoko musingi ogw'omukaaga: Amaanyi ag'okumanyisa, ge maanyi agava mu kufuga obubaka abalala bwe beetaaga. Mu nsi ya leero, engeri eno ey'obuyinza yeeyongedde okuba n'eky'amaanyi mangi: abo abafuga data, algoritime, oba ebikulemberwa mu mikutu gy'empuliziganya (ebifo bya siteesiteesi eby'enkola eya kampuni, ebiva ku mikutu gy'amawulire) be baawula amaanyi mangi.

Ani Alina Amaanyi mu Bitundu?

Amaanyi tegagasangibwa mu ngeri y'emu. Ekiragiro kino kikakasa obugagga, langi, obukaba, obuyigirize, n'okutuuka ku bantu. Okutegeera era okw'omulembe guno okusobola okufuna obuyinza, kyetaagisa okwekenneenya ebifo eby'enjawulo: eby'obufuzi, eby'obuwangwa, eby'obuwangwa, eby'obuwangwa, n'eby'obukugu. Nga bwetyo tugenda tujjukanya abo abalina obuyinza ku demokulase, ebirabika n'ebinyeebiri ebyekwekebwa.

Obufuzi: Gavumenti, Obutongole bw’Ebiraaka, n’Eltes

Awatali kubuusabuusa, obufuzi bukubirizibwa abakungu abalondeddwa, abakungu ba gavumenti, abalabirizi, n'emirimu egikolebwa abantu. Kyokka, obufuzi tebusobola kulonda. obuyinza obwa Batukirawulu era obufugibwa. Bubeera wansi wa bannabyabufuzi. Obufuga busigirwa bannaakyemalira abafuzi, abafuzi, abafuzi, n'abalamuzi — bakyusa enkola eziyinza okugobererwa ne basukkulumya ennyo ebikolerwako abantu mu mateeka. Ate era, amaanyi g'eby'eby'obufuzi gasinga okufugibwa ennyo ssente n'okukkiririnnyi. [[FLT:] mu United States, [FLT:] obuwandikiro.[FLT:][3]] Kino kisobozesa kaweefube n'okukulemberezawo ebitongole eby'eby'obugagga okuleetawo entegeka. Ate ne byewanjula munnabuvumbo bya bannabupolitikitikitiki.[FF][5]

Amaanyi g’Eby’Eby’Eby’Obugagga: Ebibiina, Emirimu gy’Eby'Eby’Obugagga, n’Enkola z’Eby’Eby’Enfuna

Amaanyi g'eby'enfuna geeyambisibwa abantu abatutumufu, ebitongole eby'eby'ensi yonna, era n'abantu abagagga ennyo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, abantu 10 abasinga obungi mu nsi balina obugagga bungi okusinga 50% ey'abantu bonna awamu, okusinziira ku Oxfam. Amaanyi ga bya bugagga gasibukako butereevu mu by'obufuzi okuyitira mu kusikirizibwa, okuyingiza, obuddukiro, n'okusaasaanya ssente. Amakampuni g'ensi yonna nga Apple, Amazon, ne Googleogle gakozesa obuyinza obuvuganya amawanga mangi nga amangi agali mu nsi, nga ebiwabuzi, data, n'obusuubuzi. Amakompuka ga bya bya bya bya matookita gaazo gaawo era geeyambiza enkola mu nsi yonna: entegeka y'ensi yonna nga International Monetary Fund and World Bank Bank, nga galina amaanyi mangi g'ebibanja ebigenda okugoolekawo ebiteego n'enkola.

Amaanyi g’Eby’Okukola ku Kintu: Enkolagana ne Intaneeti, eby’Obunnaggwanga, n’Eby’Obuwangwa

Omuntu okusobola okuleetawo ennyuma y'enkola eno, abatutumufu, abalabirizi, abakulembeze b'eby'empuliziganya, abakulembeze b'eddiini, n'abayivu. Kino kitegeeza ekiva mu bantu aba bulijjo. Kino kye kisibuka ku mulembe gw'enkyukakyuka ez'ensi n'enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo., endowooza ekubirizibwa bannasayansi Pierre Bourdieu, era enneekulu mu by'empuliziganya.[2]

Amaanyi g’Omu Kinnansi n’Ag’Okulumya Amaanyi

Amaanyi g'ekinnansi kwe kunnyonnyola ekituufu eky'embeera y'abantu. Kwe kuba nti ennimi, ennyangu, oba obuyigirize, bitwalibwa ng'ebituufu. Abo abaleetawo amadiini, ebitongole, era n'abazannyi ba mfayiro. Amaanyi ag'akabonero, mu ngeri ya Bourdiedu, ge maanyi ag'okukaka abantu okumanya ebifa ku bantu mu nsi yonna. Abo abaleetawo n'obujulizi obutuufu batwala obutuufu obw'ebifaananyi okuba nga bya muwendo okusinga abalala. Abo abaleetawo obuwandisi oba abasaasaanya obuwangwa obuva ku butabo obwa Hollywoodwo okutuuka ku bannasayansi, batwala obuwandikiro, n'obuwanguzi n'obukugunjufu.

Amaanyi Agatali ga Nkalakkalira: Engeri Amaanyi gye Gakolebwamu

Amaanyi [[AG'omu 'FULT'' tegakoma. Amaanyi [[NKUMBO] galaga emirimu egikolebwa okutegeeza nti waliwo okuteesa, okupikirizibwa, n'enkyukakyuka. Okutegeera ebintu bino bikulu nnyo eri omuntu yenna ayagala okukebera oba okusoomooza ebifa ku maanyi.

Okuwakana n’Obukuubagano

Obukujjukujju bubaawo singa abantu oba ebibiina bivuganya basobole okufuna obuyinza, eby'obugagga oba obuyinza. Bino biyinza okuba ebifunvu oba ebibamba ebikwega. Mu nkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi, amaanyi gayinza okujjawo mu nkyukakyuka, gamba nga pluddewn'okufuga oba okuzikola, oba okugooleka. Mu nteesiteeso, okuziganya, oba okuteekawo entegeka kuyinza okuviirako abantu okubumbula, oba okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu by'obufuzi. Omuntu okutegeera kwe kuba nti okutaasa amaanyi tekukolebwa nga bataddewo oba nga bagaziwanyisa amatwale.

Amaanyi n’Okuziyiza

Amaanyi ge gasobozesa abantu oba ebibiina okwefuga bokka. Omuntu bw'aba nga ddala yeefuga yekka, nga yeeyongera okwemalirira, era nga basobola okubaako kye bakola. Abantu ab'ebiwaatwa, amaanyi, batera kubaamu enkola ezikolebwa ku bantu bonna, obuyigirize, n'enkyukakyuka mu by'amateeka. Okuziyiza kuba ngeri ndala ya ssente: abo abatalina buyinza buleme kufugibwa abantu abeeyisa bwewaggula, abajaasi, abajeemu, abasiize, n'obuvumu obukyayi n'obut'obuvumu (nga James C. Scott babuyita “enfratics".). Ekiragiro kya Civigation Rights, ekitongole ekiwandikiro kya bakyala, n'ekiwandikiro ekyaka ekyaka ekyakayita, era n'obuttujjuzi k'obudde, byonna biraga engeri ez'okwesambala okugoolekawo.

Amaanyi n’Enkizo

Ddambe litegeeza nti abantu abamu aba langi enjereere basinziira ku ngeri gye bategeeramu abantu nga basinziira ku ngeri gye bakolaganamu. Enkizo zino tetera kulabika eri abo abazirina. Ng'ekyokulabirako, enkizo entukuvu kitegeeza nti abantu ab'enjawulo ab'amawanga gye bayitamu baawulibwamu enzigi ne gye batasobola kuweebwa. Okutegeera nti abantu ab'amawanga okusobola okufuna obuyinza n'enkizo, kikwetaagisa okunoonyereza ku maanyi agatali gamu agava ku mubiri gwa Kimberlé Crenshaw.

Endowooza Ezeeyolekera mu Byafaayo

Ebyafaayo biraga nti, okuva mu matwale g’obwakabaka obw’edda okutuuka mu ga demokulase, engeri obuyinza gye buzze bukozesebwamu, era n’okusoomooza ezibadde zijjawo mu ngeri eyeewuunyisa.

Empagi y’Obwakabaka ey’Edda n’Eya Rooma

Mu biwabu ebyasooka, amaanyi gaateekebwanga mu kabaka, empula, oba falao eyagambanga nti Katonda y’asaanidde okuba n'obuyinza. Obwakabaka bwa Rooma bwalongoosa enkola y'amagye, amateeka, n'enkola enkolagana ebyabusobozesa okufuga ebitundu eby'amaanyi. Okutegeera engeri zino ez'ebyafaayo kituyamba okumanya ensibuko y'obufuzi obw'ekika kino. Okusobola okubutegeera obulungi ennyo, okusoma ebikwata ku buyinza obwa [[FLT: 0] mu Britannica.

Ekitangaala ky’Abo Abatwala Obuyinza

Abafirosoofo gamba nga John Locke ne Montesquieu baawakanya eky'okwawula amatwale, okukkiriza entegeka ezifugibwa, n'entegeka ez'omu butonde. Abeegugungo Abamerika ne Bafalansa baagezaako okuteeka endowooza zino mu ntegeka, ne basaasaanya amaanyi mu matabi agatali gamu era ne bakendeeza amaanyi ga bakabaka. Kyokka, enkyukakyuka zino zaaleka obufuzi bungi (obuddu, obuwabuzi, obuwaggukibwa) nga buli wamu — nga kiraga nti amaanyi tegatera kukyusibwa omulundi gumu.

Embeera Ekyukakyuka mu Kibiina: Okukolagana mu by’Eby’Eby’Obugagga n’Eby’Ekyengera ky’Essaawa

Mu kyasa ekya 20 ne 21, gavumenti zeeyongedde okusaasaana era ne zikola mu nsi yonna. Ebitongole ebikola emirimu emingi, n'ebibiina by'ensi yonna (UN, World Trade Organization), ne bannabyabufuzi (NGO, ebibiina bya bannalukalala) kati bisala ensalo ez'enjawulo, nga bisoomooza obufuzi bw'amawanga. Enkyukakyuka mu nkyukakyuka z'eby'obuwampuku ereetebwawo amagazi, obuyinja obufuga obubaka, obukolebwa mu bifo bya nkula, era n'amagezi ga bannabyo. Mu kiseera kye kimu, enzigiromenti zisobola okutegeka ensi yonna nga zikozesa eby'empuliziganya. Empandika y'amaanyi kati eyongera okuba n'enkuŋŋongenyi era nga zeeyongedde nnyo.

Olupapula: Amaanyi n’Obuvunaanyizibwa

Amaanyi si kintu ekiteeberezebwa buteeberezebwa mu bulamu bwaffe. Okutegeera amakulu g'amaanyi — ensibuko yaago, ebigalina, era n'amaanyi gaago — lye ddaala erisooka okugakozesa obulungi oba okugeetaaza. eri abo abalina obuyinza, ekibuuzo ekikulu kye kimu ku buvunaanyizibwa obw'obuvunaanyizibwa: Onoosobola otya okukozesa obuyinza bwo? kubanga abo abawulira nga tebalina maanyi, bye bayiga bye bisobola okuzimbibwa, okugattibwa, n'okugattibwa okuyitira mu buyigirize, entegeka, era n'ekikolwa eky'enkalakkalira.