Gavumenti eyogera ku bintu ebitali bimu mu bulamu bwa bulijjo, okuva ku mazzi g'onywa okutuuka ku makubo g'otambuliramu era n'abaana bo gye basomera. Okutegeera engeri enkola za gavumenti ez'enjawulo gye zikolebwamu si nkola ey'okuyiga obuyigirize obukugu.[1] Kino kiyamba abatuuze okufuna okumanya okw'enkola mu bitundu byabwe, okulwanirira enkyukakyuka, n'okulonda abakungu ba gavumenti okuba n'okubaako kye bavunaanyizibwa. Buli ggwanga, okuva ku kibuga ekikulu okutuuka ku kakiiko k'ekibuga, lirina obuyinza n'obuvunaanyizibwa obw'enjawulo obw'amateeka, obulombolombo, era emirundi mingi nga buwandiikiwandiikiddwa mu mateeka. Ekitundu kino kinnyonnyola emirimu gy'omulembe, ssemateeka, ne gavumenti z'omu kitundu, engeri gye zikolaganamu, era n'okukaawemulugunya okubaawo mu n'obukulembeze bwa gavumenti.

Ebiri mu Ebyafaayo by’Ebyafaayo by’Obwakabaka

Mu nkola za demokulase ezisinga obungi ne mu nfumo za gavumenti, gavumenti ekola ku lukunkusa ssatu enkulu: ssemattu, oba ensi, oba olukalala lwa ggwanga, ne kampasi. Omukka gufuga ensonga ezikwata ku nsi yonna, gamba nga enkola y'amawanga, ey'okwerinda, n'essente. Gavumenti zifuga ensonga ezisangibwa mu bitundutundutundutundutundu, nga mw'etendekebwa obutundutundu, obutambula, oba eby'obulamu bwa bantu. Gavumenti zennyini.[1] Ebitundu ebitongole bya gavumenti, obutongole, obugazi, n'ebifo eby'enjawulo (* okussaako obusaawereza ku katundu, okukomyawo n'okugo, n'emirimu gya poliisi bikyukakyuka. Ng'obusobosoboze buno busobozesa okuteeka mu nkola enziro ezisingako obulungi mu ggwanga lino. Ng'obutebenkenkenkevu. Ng'obungi obunene, United States ekola enkola ya gavumenti y'obukulembeze mu ggwanga eri mu ggwanga lya United States.

Gavumenti Efuga Obunene

Gavumenti y'ensi ye ya waggulu mu gavumenti mu ntegeka. Amaanyi gaayo gaasalibwa mu lukalala lwa ssemateeka oba mu kiwandiiko ekifaananako. Mu Amerika, ekitundu I, Ekitundu 8 ku lukalala lw'amateeka ga 'LW'empandika zino, nga mw'otwalidde n'obuyinza okutegeka ebitongole eby'ensi, okulangirira entalo, n'essente. Amasaza ga directoral gasinga okusanyisibwa mu kkooti enkulu (g., MCULLOch v. Maryland] era n'okuteekawo obufuzi obw'obuyinza obuzikwata ku by'obusuubuzi. Gavumenti esobola okutuuka ku bitundu byonna 50, ebitundu, ne ku bitongole, era y'evunaanyizibwa ku nsonga ezikwata ku mitindo gy'eggwanga.

Amaanyi ga Gavumenti Ekola Obuwanguzi

  • [[NKULA] Okutegeka wakati w'obusuubuzi n'ensi yonna – kino kizingiramu okusuubula wakati w'amawanga, okusuubula n'amawanga amagwira, n'okulagira ebiragiro eby'okutambuza ebitabo, eby'okutambuza obubaka, n'eby'amannya. Enzigiro y'obusuubuzi y'ensibuko y'obuyinza obwa gavumenti.
  • [[AK:0] Kayisaali y'ensonga z'eggwanga n'ez'amateeka agatali gamu[ – gavumenti ekuuma amagye, eteesa ku ndagaano, elonda ababaka, era ekiikirira eggwanga mu ntegeka z'ensi yonna nga Ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte.
  • [[[NT:0] Amateeka agafuga abanoonyi b'obutuuze n'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu butonde[ – Gavumenti y'ensi eno yokka y'esobola okussaawo amateeka ani ayinza okuyingira mu ggwanga, okufuuka omutuuze, oba okutwalibwa mu nsi endala. Ate Amerika ziyinza okukolagana obulungi naye nga tezisobola kukola gavumenti zaabwe ku bwabwe.
  • [[[NKULULA]] Okukomyawo ssente n'okuteekamu ebiragiro ebizingirwamu [ – The Mint ey'Amerika ekolamu ebinusu, Bureau of Engraving oba eky'okukuba mu kyapa ebikubisibwa ebiba biwandike eby'essente, ne Federal Reserve era ne kampuni efuga enkola y'eby'emali.
  • [[AKMENT:0] Kano kakireetera okuteekawo amateeka agaabulibwa obwa nnamba, agatalimu obwa nnannyini ku mateeka, n'ag'okumanyisa ebireetebwawo – amateeka aga gavumenti aga 'UNIF' mu bitundu bino gaziyiza omulimu ogw'okussaawo amateeka agatali gamu agayinza okulemesa ebizimbe mu ggwanga okuziganya.

Obuvunaanyizibwa bwa Gavumenti Ekola Omulimu

  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKI] Okukuuma obukuumi bw'eggwanga – Nga Biyitira mu dipatimenti ey'ekulwanyisa endwadde, era n'ebitongole bya bannagezigezi, gavumenti esobola okukuuma abantu b'amawanga amalala n'ab'omu maka gaabwe.
  • Addists amateeka n'ebiragiro eby'ensi [ – ebitongole ebikola ku nnamba (um'egeza, EPA, FDA, OSHA) bikola era ne bigoberera amateeka agayisibwa Congress.
  • [[NKULULA] Okutuukiriza emirimu gya gavumenti nga 'Social Security' – Gavumenti efuga enzijanjaba mwe muli enteekateeka ez'obusobozi bw'abantu, ez'obuddukiro, ez'eddwanga mu magye, ez'eyambisibwa mu kufuga.
  • [[AKM:0] Ayamba mu kufuga ebika by'amawanga – Ekitongole kya gavumenti kye kifuga ebitongole, ebiwagizi, n'enkola za gavumenti, so ng'ate prezidenti ye munnabyabufuzi.
  • [[AK'AWULA] Okukuuma kooti [[[FULT:1] – kooti ezikola ku disitulikiti zisala amateeka n'amateeka, okugonjoola enkaayana eziva mu mikutu gya ssemateeka oba nga zizingiramu ebibuuzo ebiwerako.

Okusaasaanyizibwa kw'obutundutundu bwa percentace nga kimu ku ssaawa emu ey'Amerika, nga kiraga ekigera ku buvunaanyizibwa bwayo. Okumanya ebisingawo ku ngeri Amateeka ga Amereka gye gaateeka amateeka ga gavumenti, kebera ekitongole ekitegesebwawo ekiwandiikibwa ekiwandiikibwa ekiwandiikibwa ekiwandiikibwa ekiwandikiro ky'ekitongole kya

Gavumenti

Gavumenti mu Amerika ne siteesitekiti endala zigoberera obuyinza bwa ssemateeka waazo, eziyinza okuwa obuyinza obulala obusinga ku obwo obwaweebwa gavumenti enfuga ey'ekkumi n'ekkumi. Gavumenti za gavumenti zirina obuyinza bungi ku nsonga ezitaweereddwa gavumenti, nga mw'otwalidde ne poliisi, obusobozi obw'okulabirira obulamu bw'abantu, obubeewala, n'okugoberera emitindo gy'empisa egya gavumenti. Era zikola nga demokulase, nga zigezaako okumanyisa amateeka agayinza okugobererwa mu ggwanga.

Amaanyi ga Gavumenti

  • [[Act:0]] Era n'empandika z'obuyigirize[ – Amerika ziteekateeka ebiyigirizibwa omusomesa, ebisaanyizo ebizingirwamu, n'ebisaanyizo ebikutuukiriza. Gavumenti zigoberera enkola eno naye nga zigoberera enkola y'okukwata engeri y'okugobererwa kw'embalirira n'okugezesa ebizirimu.
  • [[AK'AWULA:0] Entegeka ey'okuyingiza n'ebiwandiiko[ – Amerika zizimba era ne zikuuma enguudo, enzivvuunuzi, embuyaga, ebidduka, n'enkola ez'obuddukirizo, emirundi egisinga obungi biweebwa ssente naye nga bifiibwako gavumenti.
  • [[AK'AMULA]] Okwetegereza obujjanjabi n'obutebenkevu[[[NT:1] – ebitongole eby'eby'obulamu ebitongole bya gavumenti ebikkiriza eddwaliro, ebiddukanya amaduuka, n'okulambula obusawo bw'endwadde. poliisi eteeka amateeka g'ebidduka era n'enoonyereza ku bikolwa eby'obumenyi bw'amateeka.
  • [[AKM:0] Era biteeka amateeka n'ebiragiro by'eggwanga[[[Akabonero:1] – ebitongole bya Amerika bissaawo amateeka ku mumenyi w'amateeka, ku bintu, ku kontana, ku mateeka g'amaka, n'okussaawo enzigi. Era bikola emitindo gy'ennono ku mbeera y'obudde n'enkola y'abakozi.
  • [[NKUMBO:0] Akawayiro akasobozesa okulonda [ – Leta zitegeka enkola ey'okukuba ebirooto, okukuba z'amateeka, n'okukakasa ebiva mu kulonda ebifo ebireetera gavumenti n'ebyebitundu byayo).

Obuvunaanyizibwa bwa Gavumenti

  • [[AK'AWULA:0] Okussa mu nkola amateeka n'enkola [[[AGUMENT:1] – abafuga oba abawagizi ba gavumenti bayisa ebiragiro ebiyisibwa amateeka aga gavumenti, okuva ku kukuŋŋaanyizo omusolo okutuuka ku bukuumi bw'obutonde.
  • [[AK'AMU:0] Bikolerwamu abantu bonna gamba nga entambula n'eby'obujjanjabi – Amerika biddukanya Yunivasite, programu za Mdicaid, apayiro ez'ensi, era ne insuwalensi z'okubulwa emirimu.
  • [[AK:0] Abalabirizi abawa emisolo gy'eggwanga[[[FUT:1]] – Abawaanyi b'emisolo, abatunda, abasolooza emisolo mu kampuni, n'abawaabitsi ku ssente z'ensimbi. Era Amerika elabirira okukuŋŋaanyiza emisolo mu kitundu.
  • [[NKULA]] Okukuba akalulu – obukiiko obukola ku kulonda obwatongoza obwa gavumenti bukaka abantu, okugaba ebifo ebilondebwa. Mu 2020, gavumenti zaawula obuwumbi 158 obuwumbi.
  • [[AK'OKUKOLA] Okukolagana ne gavumenti [[[AKM:1] – States ewa ebibuga ne b'ebiwandiiko, ensalo, era n'okuyamba ebizimbe n'eby'ebiruubirirwa eby'eby'ensimbi.

Gavumenti zeeyongedde okukola mu bifo nga kaweefube w'ekitongole kya gavumenti w'ensi gye kikomye.

Gavumenti ya Munno

Gavumenti z'omu kitundu kyenkanankana n'ez'abantu. Gavumenti ezo ze zikola ebitundu ebyasinga okukolebwa eby'eggwanga, so si ebitongole ebifuga okuggyako obwetwaze, era obufuzi bwabyo buva mu ssemateeka, amateeka, ne ku mateeka. Gavumenti z'omu kitundu zikola mu ngeri ez'enjawulo: ebibuga, ebibuga, ebibuga, ebibuga, ebisalo, amasaza, n'ebifo eby'enjawulo (nga mu ngeri ., ab'obuyinza ku mazzi, ebitundu ebikolerwamu omuliro). Obuvunaanyizibwa bwabwe businziira ku byetaago bya bantu aba bulijjo, okuva ku makubo g'okusirisabirwamu okutuuka ku buyonjo.

Amaanyi ga Gavumenti ya Munno

  • [[:0] Okussaawo amateeka agakwata ku by'okuzimba n'okussaawo ettaka bikozesebwa[[[[:1]] – bbodi ezifuga entegeka ya woodt'awo esalawo engeri y'okutegekaamu ebintu nga bikozesebwa.]
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKI] Okukwasisa obulagizi bw'amateeka n'okuzikiza omuliro mu kitundu[[NKULA] – ebitongole bya poliisi ebya Ssemateeka bikuuma amateeka ga gavumenti; ebitongole eby'omuliro bikola ku mbeera eyo era ne biziyiza n'omuliro okugobererwa.
  • [[AK:0] Kiyamba okutegeeza obuyigirize obwa bulijjo mu kitundu [[[AK':1] – obuwandiko bw'amaso obulaga obuyigirize, obuwandisi obukulembedde, era n'okussaawo embalirira mu mpandika nga awatawagirwa gavumenti.
  • [[AGUMENTI] - Gavumenti ez'omu kitundu zikolera mu bifo awazannyirwa emizannyo, ebifo eby'omulembe, n'eby'amaterekero.
  • [[Act:0] Kampala eziraga nti omuntu asobola okuwagibwa oba okukkirizibwa okukozesebwa mu ngeri endala[ – bizinesi, bannyini binyagibwa, ne bannabizinesi batera okwetaaga layisensi ez'omu kitundu okukola oba okuzikola.

Obuvunaanyizibwa bwa Gavumenti ey’Omu Nsi

  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA]] Okussa mu nkola ebiragiro n'ebiragiro ebiri mu kitundu [[[AK'AMENT] - Amateeka agakwata ku ddoboozi, okusimba, ebisasiro, n'okufuga ebisolo gagobererwa.
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKA] Emirimu egitali gimu gamba ng'okuyisa kasasiro [[O]1:1] – okukuŋŋaanya amasasi, okugazzanyanyalala, n'okuyisa mu kazambi, bikolebwako ebitongole ebya bulijjo.
  • [[[NT:0] Kakolawo akalulu – abakungu ba kalulu ez'omu kitundu balabirira empandika ez'enjawulo ez'ebiwandikiro, ebipimo, n'okulonda kwa disiturikiti.
  • [[AK'AWULA] Okubuuka ne ab'omu kitundu okufuna ebiyinza okuva mu '[[OK] – Town', oba ebipande ebiwandiikiddwa mu mpalo, kisobozesa abatuuze okubaako kye basalawo mu kitundu.
  • [[AK'AWULA:0] Okusasulira emisolo gy'ebintu n'enmalirizo ez'omu kitundu[[[QUL:1] – promosass kwe kusinga okusiirwa kwa gavumenti; enmalirira z'enkola zikwata ku masomero, poliisi, n'enguudo.

Buli gavumenti ez'enjawulo eziri mu bitundu by'ensi ebyesudde zeewuunyisa nnyo. Ekitongole kya U.S. Creenic Bureau kiraba nti buli kibiina kya gavumenti ekiri mu bitundu 5,000 ekirimu obuzibu n'obusobozi bwakyo obw'okufuga. Omuntu okusobola okwegatta ku gavumenti n'okukola ebintu ebirungi, ekitongole ekigaba obutereevu eky'omu bibuga kiyamba mu kunoonyereza n'okutunda ebintu.

Okukolagana Wakati w’Emi nze ne Gavumenti

Tebasosola mu gavumenti. Bakolagana mu buyinza, ne mu mirimu egitali gimu mu magye. Okukolagana kuno kutera kuyitibwa “gavumenti za gavumenti” olw'enkola ey'amaanyi ereetebwawo ssente. Gavumenti zikolagana ku nsonga ezizingiramu okusala eb'amatwale g'obutonde, okugootaanya obutonde, n'enkola ez'eby'eby'entambula. Kyokka, enkolagana tezikolagana bulungi; okuyomba kufuga, okusasula ssente, n'okugobererwa emirimu birala.

FIScal Fravitionalism ne Grants

Gavumenti egaba obuwumbi n'obuwumbi bwa doola buli mwaka okusobola okugattika era ne gavumenti nga zisobozesa abantu okufuna ssente ezibawansibwa. Gavumenti zino zijja mu ngeri bbiri: Ebirabo ebigasa (n'embeera ezigaayibwa) era n'ebbeeyi ebiba bizingirwamu (nga bigooleka). Ng'ekyokulabirako, Medicaid ewandikid enkalu ekyetaagisa okusobola okuwaayo ssente ezifaanagana. Ebbeekaagibwawo ssente zisobozesa okusobozesa ensimbi ez'enjawulo okusobozesa ebitongole eby'obugunjufunjabi mu makubo. Ate era ne ssente ezizisobozesa ebitongole eby'obuttunzi okuweeyi okuweza ebitongole eby'obuyigirize.

Enteekateeka ez’Ekiseera Ekigezo

Obutyabaga nga omuyaga ogusaanyawo omuliro, omuliro ogw'amaanyi n'endwadde, byonna byetaagisa emikono. Gavumenti efuga esobozesa ebitongole ebirabirira oba empandika ebirabirira eby'omukka ebiriwo ku FEMA, etegeeza ekiwandikiro eky'okuteekateeka ebibamba, era n'abadduukirize ku bintu ebibamba ebisooka okubeera ku mulembe guno nabo babiteeka ku musingi. Enteekateeka eno ekwatagana mu National Response Framework ne Stafford Act. Mu kiseera kya muwabbugumu ogwa Harvey mu 2017, gavumenti, ne gavumenti z'omu kitundu bitegekebwa ku bannaaw'okuseesawo, n'okunoonya n'okuddawo. Mu ngeri y'emu, mussemba w'ekitongole ekiyitibwa CHOVID processss resourcececes resolce attation, n'ebitongole ebikola ebikola ebikolebwa mu kifo kya ssemateeka mu kifo kya ssiriyo.

Abakubiriza Okukolera ku Bulagirizi n’Okutegeka Ebibiina

  • [[NKULA] Enjigiriza[ – The All Ssecondars Fuzeeds Act ess, naye eteeka amateeka agakwata ku kuvunaanyizibwa mu nkola era n'okussaawo amasaza agafuga amasomero.
  • [[NKULULA]] Amateeka ag'ekiragiro[[[NKULU:1] – EPA ewandikidwa emitindo gy'eggwanga, naye eggwanika zisobola okutuukiriza enfuge z'empewo ez'ekika kya EPA nga zikkirizibwa) ng'abasinga obungi bagoberera enkola eyo.
  • [[AK:0] Ssente ezikozesebwa ku by'enkola n'ezitali za bulijjo[ – Learn project ewagira ewandikibwewo ekikola ku by'obwannannyini Tsuubiro lya Highway Fund; eggwanga n'ebitundu bigenderagana n'embalirira y'omulimu era n'eruwa ekyetaagisa okuteekateeka ebinaagwa ku nnono.
  • [[:0] Obulwadde – Mu kiseera kya mutendera ogw'okulwala, enteekateeka za gavumenti eziwa obujjanjabi obwali buwagirwa gavumenti, ne zissaawo programu ez'okulabirako enkola ez'okujjanjaba ez'omu mateeka, era n'ebitongole eby'eby'obulamu mu kitundu kyakwanganga kaweefube ow'okuziyiza okukolebwa.

Ebizibu Ebibaawo mu Bufuzi bw’Ab’Emitendo Emingi

Wadde nga kikulu nnyo gavumenti okukolera awamu, kireetawo obukuubagano. N'olwekyo, singa gavumenti efuga emenya amateeka amatono, nga n'ego agasinga emirundi mingi. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ewandiika amateeka agawera gavumenti z'omu kitundu obutassaawo musaala gwa waggulu ku gwa gavumenti, nga gagamba nti, emitindo gy'emitindo gy'obusobozi gimu gisobola okugobererwa mu bifo nga munyinza w'okuyingira abantu oba mu nkula, nga zireetawo okusamba emisango.

Okusaasaanya Ebiwaatiro n’Emikutu

Gavumenti za mu kitundu zitera okusasulira “ebiragiro ebiteetegese.”[1] Ebiragiro ebireetebwa gavumenti nga teziriiko ssente zigiwagira. Ekyokulabirako eky'enjawulo kikolebwa ku abo abatendekebwa nga bali mu kakwate ka nkola y'obulema obw'enjigiriza (IDEA), akakawyiro akasuubiza okusemba ssente nga 40% ku byuma eby'ebbeeyi naye nga buli kiseera zigwa. Mu ngeri y'emu, gavumenti ziyinza okukwetaagisa ebitundu by'essomero okugezesa ebigo nga tebiwaddeyo ssente ezisingako.

Okusoberwa n’Okukookebwa

Ng'omutindo gwa gavumenti guyimiriziddwa mu nkola y'emu, k'obe nga guwagidde kiyinza okukolebwa.

Okuyuza Enkolagana y’Abafuzi n’Okwawula Omuze

Eby'enjawulo mu bibiina by'eby'obufuzi ebifuga emitendera gya gavumenti, biyinza okuvaamu obutategeeragana. Gavumenti eyinza okugaana okugoberera enkola eya gavumenti, oba gavumenti ey'omu kitundu eyinza “okumenya amateeka g'eggwanga agakwata ku by'okuyingira. Obukuubagano buno bukoma mu kkooti, ne buleetawo okubuusabuusa n'obudde. Kkooti enkulu ezzemu enfunda n'enfunda okunnyonnyola ensalo z'ensi, ez'obufuzi, ez'omulembe, era eziyinza okuvaamu akakiiko k'amateeka agajjawo buli mu mwaka.

fundikira

Okutegeera engeri gavumenti gye zikolamu, eky'eggwanga, eky'eggwanga, n'eky'obutuuze, era n'engeri gye bikolaganamu. Buli mukutu gulina amaanyi n'obuvunaanyizibwa eby'enjawulo, era nga bikola enkola ey'okukebera obukiika n'obusimba. Kino kyeyoleka kakwate ne ntegeka kisobozesa abantu okukola ku byetaago by'eggwanga eby'enjawulo nga bakyali bumu n'eby'obugagga. Kyokka, enteekateeka eno terimu kunkano nga: okusaasaanya ssente, okufufuzibwa, n'okutuula awamu, era nga kw'ebigere ebigo by'empandika eby'ebitongole ebyetaagisa okukyusiza ddala mu ngeri ey'enjawulo mu buyinza, era nga n'abayigiriza basobola bulungi okubusobozesa okumanyisa obulungi ebintu bye baagala, n'okuwagira enkola eya demokulabo. Singa obadde olonda ssente mu kibiina kya kibiina kya kampuni eky'okulonda, oba okuwandiika olukiiko lw'obukulembeze, omanyi nti obwenya obuyinza obuyinza obuyinza obw'enjawulo ku nkola ey'enkyukakyuka mu n'enkola eyo y'eyo ekola eyo ekola eyo ekola enkyukakyuka.