Ekiragiro Obergefell olunyiriri lw'ekirooto: Engeri obufumbo obw'obukaba gye bwatuuka ku mateeka g'ensi

Nga Jjuuni 26, 2015, kkooti enkulu mu Amerika yawa olukusa olufu w'amateeka mu obeefell v. Hodges, nga yeesigamizza nti eddembe ery'okufumbiriganwa liyinza okuba ery'omusenzi limu n'abafumbo abali mu ttuluba lya Claus ne Estement Effect Externet Claus errective. Ekiragiro 5–4 ekisala eky'eggwanga ekireetebwawo ekik'okuwera obufumbo obukkirizibwa mu nsi yonna, nga buli gavumenti ekwetaagisa okugatta abantu ababiri ab'ekikula. Okugatta abantu ab'ebifaana n'abo abali mu ttulukunyuma, obergero kikiikirira okukkirizibwa n'enkusiizibwa kw'eddembe mu mateeka mu Amerekafu mu mateeka.

Ekitundu kino kyogera ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsonga z’abantu, ensonga ezikwata ku kkooti enkulu, ensonga ezikwata ku nsonga eyo, n’ensonga lwaki waliwo ebizibu ebirala bingi ebijjawo mu kkooti eyo.

Ensibuko y’Ekibiina ky’Obufumbo ekyenkanankana

Olutalo olw'okufumbiriganwa olw'ekikula ekimu terwatandika mu mwaka gwa 2003, Obergefell. Okumala amakumi g'emyaka, LGBTQ+ abalwanyi baakolera ku bakulembeze b'eggwanga, empagi ez'okulonda, ne kkooti entono okusobola okuzuula eddembe ery'okufumbiriganwa. Kkooti enkulu ez'omu mateeka zasooka kutuuka ku buwagizi mu 2003 olukiiko olukulu olw'abalamuzi bwe lwasalawo mu Goodridge v. Ekitongole ekya gavumenti ekyo tekirina kugaana layisensi y'obufumbo bw'abafumbo wansi wa samateeka.

Ebbanga lya Goodridge, enkola ey'okugatta abafumbo n'okussaawo amateeka, byasaasaana mu nsi yonna. Gavumenti ezimu zakkiriza okulingana mu bufumbo; ezimu zaawera okugakkiriza okuyitira mu mateeka oba okulongoosebwa kw'amateeka. Omwaka gwa 2014 we gwatuukira, eggwanga lya 76 lyali ligaana obufumbo obw'obukaba. Naye ng'obuwandiike obw'ebika ekkumi n'ekkumi n'okusatu n'ekitundu n'e Disitulikiti ya Columbia, byagikkiriza. Amateeka gano gaaleetera abafumbo ab'obukabagattini okusattuluzibwa mu mateeka okusembera mu ggwanga erimu ne mu nsi emu, ne bagaana okufumbiriganwa.

Ensonga Enkulu Ezaaviirako Okutuuka mu Obergefell

Omusango ogw'enjawulo gwasoomooza gavumenti okuwera era gwateekawo omusingi gwa Kkooti enkulu ’s Innet. Mu 2010, omusango Perry v. Schwarzeger (oluvannyuma Hollingsworth v. Perry) gwakuba California ’ Guzzawo 8, ogwawera obufumbo obw'omu nnene. Kkooti enkulu yakkiriza okujulira ku nsalo, ne kisobozesa embaga ez'ebigambo bye bimu okweyongera okuzibya mu California naye nga n'ebugaziwandisa ensonga y'emu tennagonjo.

Omusango omulala ogw'amaanyi gwali [[Akakiiko k'Amerika:0] v. Windsor (203) kye kyeguyizza Ekitundu 3 eky'empandika y'obufumbo (DOMA). Kkooti yasalawo nti gavumenti teyinza kugaana kuwasa oba kugattibwa mu ngeri y'emu nga bwe kyakkirizibwa mu mateeka ga gavumenti. Windsor yassaawo nti abafumbo ab'obukaba n'obukaba mu bitundu gye baakkirizibwa okufuna emiganyulo, naye nga tebeetaagisa kukkirizibwa oba kukkirizibwa kugattibwa.

Kino kyakolebwa nga bakuba kkooti mukaaga ez’enjawulo okuva e Michigan, Ohio, Kentucky, ne Tennessee — amawanga agaalina amateeka oba amateeka agakyusa obufumbo galaga nti obufumbo buli wakati w’omusajja n’omukazi.

Abaakwata Ebirala: Engero ez’Okwagala, Okufiirwa, n’Okuweebwa Ekitiibwa

Obergefell v. Hodges be bantu aba ddala abaayisibwako amateeka agakwata ku bufumbo. Obutundu obusooka bwagobererwa, , James Obergefell, yavunaana Ohio olw'okugaana okumumenya nga John Arthur Arthur, munne gwe yamala naye emyaka egisukka mu abiri. Arthur yabonaabona olw'okuva mu scleroptic enteral (ALS), era ne batwala Maryland okufumbirwa mu 2013 nga Arthur takyawangaala nnyo. Oluvannyuma lw'okufiirwa emyaka mingi, Arthur yagaana okuwasa Arthur &quo; Ohio yagaana okukitegeera nti Arthur afudde. Oferefells yanoonya nga ne &xquorto; amateeka agamumumumumumumumumu.

Abantu abalala abaali bakkirizibwa okugattibwa mwalimu Apuli DeBoer ne Jayne Revelle, abafumbo ab’omu Michigan abaali baagala awamu okukuza abaana baabwe abasatu naye nga tebasobola kukkirizibwa kufumbirwa Michigan ’ okugattibwa kwabalemesa okutwalibwa ng’abafumbo.

Ebyo ebyayogerwa bannaddiini abo byalaga nti obufumbo si ndagaano ya mu mateeka yokka, wabula nti ngeri nkulu nnyo abantu gye baagalamu bannaabwe, gye beeyamamu, era gye bawaamu ekitiibwa.

Empalo mu Mateeka mu maaso ga Kkooti Enkulu

Awo okugattika ensonga ezo kwawa ebibuuzo bibiri ebikulu: (1) Etteeka ery’okuyisa ebigere 14 lirina okutongoza obufumbo bw’abantu ababiri ab’ekikula ekimu? era (2) Kyetaagibwa nti emmeeri ey’ekkumi n’ena erimu obufumbo bw’abantu ab’ekikula ekimu nga bukkirizibwa mu mateeka mu ggwanga eddala?

Abali mu Nsonga Enkadde ’ Okukangavvulwa

Attorneys akolera abafumbo ab'omu ngeri y'emu yagamba nti obufumbo bukuumibwa bulungi ne 'Bate Sergery Claus'. Baawa ebyokulabirako nga [[FL:0] Lovery v. Virginia (1967), ebyakomya okuwerebwa kw'obufumbo obw'ebika eby'enjawulo, era . Safley [1987], ekyakuuma eddembe ly'abasibe abali mu kkomera. Abakubiri baasaba nti emitindo gy'omu mateeka egikwata ku muntu kinnoomu, n'okwegatta okusobola okwegatta kusobola okubeera obumu, n'ab'ab'omu maka agatali gamu giteekwa okugaziyitibwa mu ngeri y'emu.

Era baagamba nti okuwera kwa gavumenti kwamenye ekiragiro ekiwaanyisa Active Protection Claus nga basinziira ku ndowooza ey'okwetaba. kubanga okuwera tekwafuna kakwate ne gavumenti k'empandiika; era kwasibukako olw'okubanga abakungu ba gavumenti baakuuma emitindo gy'empisa oba obutakkirizibwa mu mpisa — tebasobola kuwonawo. Olukiiko lw'abalamuzi olukwata ku by'obukaba ne ku bannakyewa b'obukabagatte nga bali 1,100, nga mw'otwalidde n'emiganyulo gy'obutebenkenkevu, obubalwa obubalina obubalina obukkusimu omusolo, n'obutebenkenkenkevu.

Okuziyiza Abakkiriza Okuziyizibwa

Ebyafaayo ebyali biwagira okuwerebwa kw’omulimu gw’okugukola biraga nti obufumbo bumanyiddwa ng’obufumbo bw’omusajja n’omukazi, era nga biraga nti kikkirizibwa okukubiriza okuzaala n’okukuza abaana mu buwangwa obwo.

Ebibiina by'eddiini ebiwerako byalabula mu bufunze nti etteeka ly'obufumbo obuteetaagisa gavumenti lirina liba limenya bulungi enzikiriza z'eddiini z'abantu kinnoomu n'ebibiina ebiwakanya obunnyinyoowa ng'osinziira ku mitindo gy'eddiini egy'empisa oba egy'eddiini.

Kkooti Enkulu Ekola Ekibiina eky’Okusalirako Omusango: Okukaaba Okukakasiza Ddala Obusosoze

Nga Jjuuni 26, 2015, Omulamuzi Anthony Kennedy yawa endowooza y'abasinga obungi 5-4, abeegasse ku b'ebiwandiiko ebifuga amateeka ebina: Ginsburg, Breyer, Sotomayotor, ne Kagan. Endowooza nkulu nnyo olw'ebigambo byayo ebikubaganyizika ebikwata ku makulu g'obufumbo n'ekifo ky'ekitiibwa ky'omuntu.

Mulamuzi Kennedy yawandiika: “ Tewali bufumbo businga bukulu ng'obufumbo, kubanga buzingiramu ebigendererwa ebya waggulu gamba ng'okwagala, obwesigwa, okuwaayo, n'okuwaayo. Mu kukola obufumbo, abantu babiri bafuuka bakulu okusinga bwe kyali. ” yakiggumiza nti abo abasaba tebanyooma bufumbo naye nga bassa ekitiibwa mu bulamu bwabwe. Kkooti yawa obukakafu nti eddembe ly'okufumbiriganwa lirina tteeka lya muntu kinnoomu, era nti n'abafumbo ab'ebigambo ab'ebigambo bye bafaanagana nabyo bisobola okulaga nti obufumbo bwabwe tebulina kigendererwa kya njawulo.

Enkumbo

  • Obufumbo omuwendo omunene ogukuumibwa ekitongole ekiyitibwa Standard Processom Claus of the 14th Amendment, era eddembe eryo lituuka ku bafumbo ab’ebisiyaga.
  • Amateeka ga gavumenti agagaana abantu okufumbiriganwa mu ngeri ey’okwetaba gamenya enteekateeka ya Claus eyitibwa Aumeted Protection Claus kubanga gasosola abantu olw’okuba tegakkirizibwa mu mateeka.
  • Gavumenti ziteekwa okumanya obufumbo obw'okwetaba mu mateeka mu nsi endala, nga zikakasa obufumbo okubeera obulungi n'emiganyulo mu bitundu by'ensi ebitali bimu.

Endowooza Etakwatagana

Abalamuzi bana abawakanya ennyo emisango mu kkooti — Roberts, Scalia, Thomas, ne Alito — buli omu yawandiika endowooza ez'enjawulo. Omulamuzi Omukulu Roberts yagamba nti abasinga obungi baasobya ekifo kyabwe eky'okusala emisango nga bazzaawo etteeka eryali libaddewo okumala emyaka olukumi. Yalabula nti okusalawo kwa &lquo; mission kujja kukubiriza abantu b'omu Amereka ebikwata ku Mateeka & ” era kwandireeseewo okutabangula ekiwandiiko kya Court ’ era kwandireese omusango gwa Scalia &squo; okuwakanya ensonga enkulu, okuvunaana omusango ogusinga obungi mu “ &irdecquo; okuwakanya emitindo gy'obuwayitirivu n'okusalawo okw'okuleetawo enkakasa wakati w'eddiini n'okulingana. Omulamuzi Scali yasonga ku nsonga z'olusaze mu kkooti ey'emyoyo ey'emyoyo ey'emyoyo.

Wadde nga waliwo okukontana okw'amaanyi, abafuzi abasinga obungi ’ ab'obuyinza baalina obuyinza mu mateeka. Mu ssaawa ntono nga bamaze okusala ekiwabyo, abakungu ba gavumenti mu bitundu ebitali bimu baatandika okuyisa empeyisi ezikwata ku bufumbo ku bafumbo abeetabaganya obukaba, era ne gavumenti endala zikola nga bwe zaayisa.

Endowooza Ennuŋŋamu Ekwata ku Ndembe y’Obufumbo

Obergefell v. Hodges yakola mangu nnyo era yayisa mu ngeri etegeerekeka. Obediges yasobola okuzuula amangu abafumbo ab'obukaba mu masaza ataano gonna bwe gamu era okugattibwa okuva mu magye amalala kwakkirizibwa. Ekkubo ekyo kyagaziyizibwamu emirundi 1,100. Obufumbo obuva mu masaza amalala gonna. Ekiragiro kino kyatongozebwa bugazibwawo. Obusobozi obw'envuma okugatta abafumbo abava mu nsi endala, nga mwe muli n'emiganyulo gy'emisolo, obutongole obukola ku bantu abava mu nsi ez'eBulabuzi obw'enjawulo, nga obuwandikiro, obuwandikiro, n'obuwandikiro obuva mu nsi eyo obubenyinyinyirimu.

Amateeka g’Amaka n’Eddembe ly’Abazadde

Ekimu ku bintu ebikulu ebiyinza okugobererwa kwe kuba nti etteeka ly'amaka. Amateeka ga gavumenti agafuga okukuza abaana b'abaana abaazaalibwa oba okuzaala abaana, n'okukuza abaana, gaaleetawo enkonge eri wakati w'abafumbo abafaanaganya ekikula. Oluvannyuma lw'obergefell, abafumbo ab'omukwano abandibadde ab'omukwano gw'omu butonde, basobola okuzaala abaana ab'okubiri, era n'abazadde bombi basobola okujjukirwa ku mateeka. Kkooti nazo zaatandikanga okugoberera endowooza y'abazadde ezikwata ku bafumbo. Kino kyaviirako ebizibu bingi omwana omu bw'aba nga yabanga asobola okufuna omu ku muzadde omu oba okufiirwa enkolagana n'omuzadde atali wa munnaabwe.

Okusenguka n’Okufiirwa Omukwano

Abafumbo ab'omu nsi yonna, Obergefell baawaayo eddagala erikulu. Nga n'ensala y'obufumbo bw'omugattika tewannasalawo, era nga ne mu bitundu ebikkirizibwa mu mateeka, ab'obuyinza abayingira ettaka bwe baalwawo okuzaala abantu mu nsi eyo, emirundi egimu baalwawo okusanga kaadi eza langi eya kiragala ezeesigamiziddwa ku nkola y'obufumbo. Oluvannyuma lw'okukuba DOMA, ne Obergefefell baatell baateeka obufumbo obwa nnamba mu nsi yonna, era nga n'abafumbo ab'obutundu obulala bwe bumu bafunye eddembe lye kimu ng'abafumbo ab'obuteesambanyi. Kino kyasobozesa enkumi n'enkumi n'enkumi n'enkumi n'abafumbo okusigala mu United States.

Obujjanjabi n'Eby'Eby'Okujjanjaba Bikolebwa

Era okukyalira abalwadde mu ddwaliro, okulonda eby'obujjanjabi, n'okusasula insuwalensi y'eby'obulamu, nga tezinnabaawo Obergefell, abafumbo bangi ab'ekikula baasoberwa obutakkirizibwa kufuna munnaabwe mu bufumbo. Okukkirizibwa mu mateeka kwakakasa nti abafumbo basobola okusalawo ku bujjanjabi, okukyalira ebitongole eby'abalwadde, era n'okufuna enteekateeka za yinsuwa y'obujjanjabi mu maka awatali kusosola.

Beeyongera Okuyolekagana n’Embeera Enzibu mu Mateeka n’Embeera z’Abantu

Wadde nga Obergefell yagonjoola ensonga eyali ekwata ku bufumbo obw'ekikula kimu, teyakoma ku kufuba kwenkanankana mu bujjuvu. wakyaliwo ensonga nnyingi, nga nnyingi ku zo zifuuse nga ziragira mu by'obufuzi ne mu mateeka ga Amerika.

'LGBTQ' - 'LGB'' - 'Lsil Legist' - Kino kitegeka nti omulimu gulina okukolebwako n'obudde bwa gulina okugukola

Mu myaka egyaddirira Obergefell, gavumenti ezimu zaateekawo amateeka agakkiriza obusosoze mu bantu mu bifo gamba ng'okukuza abaana b'abaana, okusuza ennyumba, emirimu, n'ebifo ebya lukale — emirundi mingi nga gatwalibwa ng'agakuuma eddembe ly'eddiini. Ng'ekyokulabirako, gavumenti nnyingi ziwagidde obukiiko obusobozesa abaana okukkirizibwa okuzaala abantu ab'ennamba ez'ennaku ez'ekikula okuzaala, singa ekyo kiba nga kikontana n'enzikiriza zaabwe ez'eddiini. Wadde nga amateeka gano tegakyusa Obergefeed, gaamenya omusingi ogw'enkola y'emu ogwasalibwa mu ku ku nsonga eyo.

Okugatta ku ekyo, enziji z'amateeka ziremereddwa abantu okuyingiza obusosoze mu by'emizannyo era ne zireetebwawo okuteeka obukwasi mu nkola obutereevu obuba bukyagenda mu maaso.Abeekenneenya eby'amateeka abamu bagamba nti enkola zino ziterekeddwawo okuwakanya endowooza y'obergefell n'eyo ey'obwenkanankanankana. Litigation yeeyongera mu maaso okulaba oba ng'amateeka ng'ago gamenya amateeka agamenyeddwawo mu mwaka ogwa 14.

Eddembe ly’Eddiini n’Omuntu ow’Omunda Bitukuuma

Obusosoze wakati w'obufumbo n'obusika bw'eddiini buyinza okuba nga bwo bukyasinze okuleetawo obutakkaanya mu mateeka oluvannyuma lw'enzikiriza - Obergefell. Abasinga obungi bakkiriza nti “ abo abagoberera enjigiriza z'eddiini ezinnyonnyola obufumbo ng'obufumbo wakati w'omusajja n'omukazi bayinza okweyongera okukola bwe batyo, &Grandquo; naye tewawaamu bulagirizi obwa nnamaddala ku ngeri y'okugonjoolamu enkaayana wakati w'enzikiriza n'amateeka agatali ga n'eddiini. Kino kiviiriddeko olukalala lw'ensonga ez'ebyakulu, nga mw'otwalidde ne [[FLLD:] Macards [10] ebitongole ebiwandikiddwa mu by'enkomera n'ebyo ebitongole ebirengo, nga bigaana obutuufu mu nsonga eziragiddwa mu makomera, nga bwe kibadde nga kirengo byagwogeranya butereevu ebiva mu ku nsonga ezo ezireetebwawo.[FLD:1]

Kkooti eyo egaanyi okusazaamu obusaale bw’abantu abali mu madiini agamu, n’abantu kinnoomu, obutakkiriza nti obufumbo bwabwe bulina kutwalibwa ng’obulungi oba bugattika bannaabwe ab’ekikula ekimu.

Okufuba kw’Eby’obufuzi Okuleetera Oberge Okukyusa oba Okufuga Ensi

Wadde nga wayiseewo emyaka kkumi nga bagobereddwa etteeka, wabaddewo kaweefube mu by'obufuzi n'eby'amateeka okuddayo e Obergefell. Mu 2022, Court &squo;ss bye basazeewo mu Dobbs v. Jackson Women ’ Organizations Health Organization[, eyaggula Roe v. Wade, yakubiriza abeekenneenya eby'amateeka okuteebereza nti enkola endala ez'enjawulo, nga mw'otwalidde ne Obergefell, ziyinza okussibwawo. Omulamuzi Thomas &rso;srencessssssssssss'ak'ak'akwo eyogera ku kkooti y'enkola ya kireeyagazaamu enfu, okuzaalamu n'okuzaalamu enneenge.

Mu kuddamu, Congress yayisawo ekiwandiiko ekikakasa nti obufumbo bukkirizibwa. Ekiragiro kyategekebwa okuteekawo Act for Marriage mu Ddesemba 2022]. Ekiragiro kyakomyawo obuwagizi bwa gavumenti okwetaba mu ngeri y'emu n'obusosoze. Ekiragiro kyakolebwa okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa mu mateeka mu mawanga amalala. Kkooti enkulu enzivvuunvu z'obufumbo bwe zibuvuunika Obergefell. Yayisaamu n'obuwagizi bwa bipartis, nga kiraga enkyungiko mu bantu gye babadde babadde bakkirizibwa okukkirizibwa okuwasa oba okugattuluza empagibwamu eri abafumbo abagasse, naye etteeka terinaakwetaagisa kugabanya ku mateeka ga n'abo abagattiddwa mu magye ga n'ayinja.

Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa kulaga nti abantu abasinga obungi mu Amereka bawagira obufumbo obw'ekikula. Okusinziira ku kitongole kya Pew Research Center, nga 2023, 61% eky'abantu abakulu mu Amerika bakkirizibwa okugatta obufumbo obw'ekikula kyokka nga 32% bokka babuwakanya. Obuwagizi naddala mu bavubuka. Enkyukakyuka eno esobozesezza obwa Obergefell obutakkirizibwa wadde nga tekisoboka, Court ’ era nga 32% bokka be babuwakanya. Obuwagizi obw'enjawulo mu bavubuka bannamu.

Amakulu Agatali Gamu eri Eddembe ly’Obwannannyini

Obergefell v. Hodges si nsonga ya bufumbo yokka; era k'akyogerako nnyo ku ngeri ereetera abantu okufuuka nnukuta mu Amereka. Ekiragiro kyasalawo nti Amateeka gawagira ebiruubirirwa eby'okusigalira ddala abantu bye basalawo ebikwata ku ngeri y'okweyisaamu n'obulamu bw'amaka.

Endowooza mu Obergefell yalagibwa mu kkooti endala ezikwata ku ddembe ly'abazadde, okufuulibwa abaana abatali ba nnukuta era n'enkaayana ezikwata ku ddembe ly'abaana. Wadde nga kkooti eyo tennaba kugaziya ku mateeka gonna agali mu LGBTQ+ agakwata ku busosoze, okusalawo kuwadde obukakafu obw'amaanyi nti endowooza ey'okwetaba esaanidde okwekenneenyezebwa.

Amawanga mangi nga mw'otwalidde Australia, Colombia, ne Taiwan, gawandiisa obufumbo obw'okwetaba mu ngeri y'emu mu myaka egyaddirira Obergefell, nga emirundi mingi bujuliza kkooti enkulu mu Amerika (Ssekukkulu &rsquo) nga zinnyonnyola. Akakiiko k'Amawanga Amagatte kawandisizza mu nsala y'obufumbo ku ddembe ly'obuntu.

Obusika Obwesigwa obw’Olubeerera

Nga wayiseewo emyaka kkumi oluvannyuma lw'okusalawo, obulamu bwa buli lunaku obwa bannamwandu n'abakyala abeenyigira mu bikolwa eby'okwetaba bukyuse nnyo. Abaana bamanya nti bazadde baabwe bombi bakkirizibwa mu mateeka nga bamaama oba bataata. Bannamwandu ne bassemwandu basobola okufunira ab'obuyambi mu by'obujjanjabi obw'abantu abaawonawo. Abafumbo basobola okusalawo ku by'obujjanjabi nga tebatya kutwalibwa wala. Ekitiibwa eky'amaanyi eky'okusobola okugamba nti &lquo; omwami wange ” oba &lquo; omukyala ow'emmy &ldo; &rdo; nga tebalina kisaanyizo mu mateeka kisaanyizo ku Bamerika.

Kyokka, okulwanirira okwawukana okw'enyongeza tekuwedde. Empalana wakati w'amateeka n'obuwangwa ku ddembe ly'eddiini okusumulula eddembe ly'obuntu n'etteeka erifuga obutasosola zikiikirira oluwaatiro oluddako. Naye omusingi ogwateekebwa Obergefell gwa maanyi: omusingi nti gavumenti tekkiriza bantu bonna kusigirwa ggwanga kuba batuuze ba ggwanga ttuluba lya njawulo.

fundikira

Obergefell v. Hodges kye kimu ku ebyo ebifuga abantu mu byafaayo bya Amerika. Kwayongera okutandikawo obufumbo ne bulaga nti okwagala, obweyamo, n'obuwagizi mu maka tebyava ku kuba nti omuntu omu oba omukazi ateekwa okuba nga yafuuka muzira, wabula okuva ku myaka mingi egyakayita egy'okutuukiriza ebigendererwa bye.

Wadde obuzibu bweyongedde okubaawo — okuva ku nkola z'amateeka ez'okusala emisango ku — etteeka ekkulu ery'okukwata Obergefell likyaliwo. Ekyama kyalyo kyeyoleka mu bulamu bw'abafumbo ab'ebisiyaga, abayinza okuwasa, okukuza abaana, okukaddiwa awamu n'obukuumi obw'amateeka. Amawanga bweyongera okukaayana amakulu g'okwenkanankanankana, Obergefell ajja kusigala nga y'omusingi gwa buli omu, k'ayagadde.

Ebijulizo ebirengo eby'ekiwandikiro oba eby'oku mboozi:[[AK'AWATANDIKA:1]

  • [[AK'AWULA:0]Obergefell v. Hodges &nnash; project Oyez (empandika ez'enjawulo, endowooza, oba obujulizi obulagira ku nsonga)
  • [[Act:0] Ekiwandiiko eky'empandika ya kkooti ey'oku ntikko ] Ekitongole ekikola ku by'amateeka mu Cornell Exikulu[[KITABO:1]
  • [[ANT:0] ACLU: Obergefell v. Hodges &nnash; Owo olukumbo olwaleetera obufumbo obw'ekika ekimu okukkirizibwa mu bitundu eby'ensi
  • [[AK'AMUTANDIKI] Ekitebe eky'Okunoonyerezaako ekibadde kiwandikidwa: Gay Marriage Andes orth World (2023)[[AK'AK'AWULA]]
  • [[Akawulu:0] Etterekero ly'eggwanga: Obergefell v. Hodges – Ebiwandiiko ebisookedwako[[[KATANDIKA:1]