Endagaano ennungi ey'okutaano, eyasaanibwa nga 10 Apuli 1998, y'emu ku mirembe emikulu ennyo egyagattibwa ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 20. Yakoma ddala ddala emyaka asatu egy'ettemu mu by'obufuzi mu Northern Ireland. Ekimu ku ebyo Endagaano bye yakola, kwe kukakasa obutuufu n'obuwanguzi obw'olubeerera obwali bubaddewo mu Northern Ireland ne mu Republic of Ireland nga 22 Maayi 1998. Alipoota zino ebbiri zakola ekisingawo ekiwandiiko eky'eby'ebyobufuzi eky'amaanyi; zassaawo ekiragiro ekyakyusa ebiwandiiko eby'enkola enfunze ku kizinga era ne kyongera ku musingi gwa gavumenti zombi. Okutegeera amakulu gaabyo n'ensonga ze gaago, ebiva mu ebyo bye baasalawo, bye baakwata, ne bye baakolako eby'obufuzi bwabwe eby'amaanyi.

Olw’Okusuubiza Okukutaano

Olutalo olwali mu Northern Ireland lwava ku butaka, olw'okuba waaliwo okusosoomoozebwa mu by'obufuzi, era n'ettemu wakati w'amagye agarfu n'abeesigwa awamu ne Bungereza. Mu 1990, waaliwo okukolagana kwa byonna. Nga mw'otwalidde emboozi eza kyamaguzi, okuyingiza amaanyi mu Amerika, n'okumanyibwa kw'ebifo eby'eby'obufuzi (yalimu okuk'enkan'enkan'awo). Good Osert Aventine, era nga kyeyava emanyiddwa nga ekiwandiiko eky'ennaddala. Gavumenti eyo yatandikawo enkalu y'amaanyi agava mu Northern Ireland, n'ereeteetera okumanyibwa ennyo.

Actine yakolebwa mu bugenderevu okusobola okumatiza abaagattise era n'okutuukiriza abatuuze b'eggwanga. Abatuuze b'obuwangwa bawa obukakafu nti ekitundu kya Northern Ireland kiri mu mambuka g'omulembe ogwa Bungereza okutuusa ng'abantu bangi baalonda mu ngeri ndala. Ekiwandiiko ekyo kyateekawo ekkubo eribasobozesa okugatta awamu Irland awamu n'okutonda amatwale ga Bukiika kkono ekyaleetera Dublin okuba ekitundu eky'enkyukakyuka mu nsonga z'omu Ireland ey'omulembe. Kyokka, ekizimbe kyonna kyesigamyawo kya demokulase.

Ebipimo Ebiri: Okukolagana mu Ngeri ey’Ebibiina

Mu Northern Ireland, baabuuza abavvuunulizi obanga bakkiriza endagaano eyakolebwa mu mboozi. Mu Republic of Ireland, baabuuzibwa obanga bakkiriza okukkirizisa emirembe gyonna ku ssemateeka w'amateeka ga Ireland 22 Maayi 1998. Ekyo kyasobozesa gavumenti okukkirizibwa mu madiini ga Ireland. Ekiragiro kino okukkirizibwa mu matendekero g'eby'obufuzi.

Amambuka ga Ireland ow’Ebukiika Kkono

Akalulu akaayitibwa akaawereza mu Northern Ireland kaaleeta akavvuunula akangi “Yee.1%, nga wabaddewo akavvuunula akaago akaago akaavaamu nga 81 ku buli kikumi. Kino kyayoleka enjawukana ez'amaanyi mu bantu. N'ekyavaamu, nga mw'otwalidde n'obufumbo bungi obwa balyi n'obugattirimu. Kaweefube oyo yali wa maanyi nnyo, era nga kaweefube oyo yali akulemberwa “Yee” n'ekibiina kya Democraticism (Democratic ne Labour Palley Par, Sin Féin, Concean Party, ne Ulster Union Union Ditional UUP) era n'enyigidde mu ggwanga eddala n'okugattiramu okugattira mu ggwanga edda mu Ireland.

Omuwendo 71% gutera okulabibwa, naye gukweka ebitundu ebikulu . Abakatoliki n'abasinga obungi mu bitundu ebyo baayoleka okwagala okw'amaanyi, ng'ate ebitundu ebisukka mu 95%, ebiba bisukka mu 95%, ebiba byawuddwamu Abaprotestanti nabyo byali byeyawulamu ate ng'abamu ku abo abaawagira obutuuzeeko bwabwe baddamu ne bategeeza nti “Nedda. Naye, okutwalira awamu, abasinga obungi baatuukiriza ekiragiro ekya demokulase. Bwe kyaggwa, gavumenti ya Bungereza yassaawo enkola eno mu bujjuvu.

Republic of Ireland Referendendum

Mu Ireland, okukuba akalulu kwayongerako n'obuyambi obulala. Entegeka eya 199 ey'enkambi ku lukalala yakkirizibwa 94.4% ey'abavwooti, nga 56%. Kino kyeyoleka nti kumpi akakonkokko kalina kye kaagasa mu bukiikaddyo obwa Southern Ireland okusobola okuleetawo emirembe era n'engeri ey'omuganyulo ey'okukwatamu ensonga. Okutereeza kwalina okukulumya: kwaggyawo olukiiko olw'okubiri mu Northern Ireland (Aticles ne 3) era ne ludda mu kifo kyalda mu lulimi olwako okukakaatiisa obumu bwa Ireland mu ngeri ey'emirembe, nga abantu b'omu Northern Ireland bakkirizza obuwagizi. Era kwasobozesa embeera y'omu mateeka okwegatta olukiiko lw'Akaluuni n'obuweereza n'e Bungereza.

Era omuwendo gwa kyeyisi gwalaga nti abalondebwa mu Republic baali beetegefu okulaga okukkiriza kwabwe eri abagattiddwa, nga kyeyoleka kaati nti obumu mu Ireland tebwali bwa kukaka bantu kubukola wabula ekiruubirirwa eky’okugoberera demokulase.

Kaweefube Akwata ku Bayizi Abakulu

Kaweefube oyo yakolebwa mu matwale ga Sinn Féin olw'amaanyi mangi. Mu Northern Ireland, kaweefube oyo yakolebwa nga John Hume ow'omu SDLP, David Trimble ow'e Uup, ne Gerry Adams of Sinnn Féin. Gavumenti zaakolagana mu bitundu bino, ne kaweefube ow'amaanyi. Gavumenti za Bungereza ne Irland zaagatta wamu kaweefube ow'amaanyi, ne zigaba kopi za Accoms mu buli maka. Obuwagizi bwa United States, amagye ga Bulaaya, ne amadiini amalala amalala bweyongera obunene. Mu Republic, ebibinja by'eby’obufuzi n'Ekkereziya byonna byawagira ennyimba, ne kko awatali nako ekintu ekitono ekyaleetera okuggibwa mu ggwanga.

Enkyukakyuka mu Mateeka n’Endowooza ey’Okukkiriza Ekibi

Ekintu ekyasinga okuleetawo obuzibu mu kusalawo okwo kwe kuba nti etteeka eryagobererwa ku Lwokubiri lyawa obukakafu nti etteeka eryali libakyusizza ku mateeka ga gavumenti ya Bungereza n'ey'ensi yonna lyali libateefuze bulungi omusingi ogugamba nti: Etteeka eryali mu Northern Ireland lyandibadde mu Bwakabaka bwa Bungereza okuggyako ng’abantu baasaliddewo okukikyusa. Omusingi guno gwawandiikiddwa mu ndagaano y'ensi yonna (endagaano ey'ensi yonna) n'amateeka gaamu gaamu.

Mu Republic of Ireland, 1998 akakwasisa akakwate kalina okukoma okuva ku kyalo ekyo. Mu kukyusa enkola y'okukuba obululu mu Ireland, kyalaga nti okukolagana mu mirembe n'okussa ekitiibwa mu ggwanga lya Ireland kyali kikulu okusinga okussaawo obutuuti obulala. Okulongoosebwa kwasobozesa gavumenti ya Ireland okukkirizibwa okukiikirira ebigendererwa bya ggwanga mu Northern Ireland era nga tekuwakanya bufuzi bwa Bungereza. Obusobozi buno obw'okukkaanya obwa Bungereza bukkirizibwa okuva bwe bufuuse ekyokulabirako eky'entalo endala okwaliwo mu nsi yonna.

Enkyukakyuka ezaakolebwa mu mateeka era zaayamba nnyo abagattika obutuuze bwa Ireland. Okuva mu ttwale ery'ebitundu mu nsi eyo kyali kabonero ka maanyi ak'okukkiriza okunywevu okuva mu bukiikaddyo ne kiba nti kyangu okukkiriza obuyinza n'okuwagira obwetwaze. Abatuuze b'amawanga okukkiriza ebigambo ebipya kyabasobozesa okukkirizibwa mu mateeka nti “abantu bonna ab'omu Northern Ireland baalina obusika era ne bakkirizibwa okuba nga baanirizi, oba nga bombi bwe bandyagadde”. Okukkirizibwa kw'obwo bwe busingi obw'amaanyi obwali obw'amaanyi kwe bukkirizibwa.

Eddambe Lwe Nsingi y’Amaanyi

Kkoyiro tezaakoma ku kukyusa ssemateeka awandiikiddwa; zaateekawo embeera mu by'obufuzi okusobozesa gavumenti okugootaanya. Ekiragiro kyawa olukuŋŋaana oluggya mu Northern Ireland era ne kiwa n'ekitongole ekya zzaabu obwali kyetaagisa obuwagizi obwavanga ku migga gy'abalambuzi okusobola okufuga. Amakampuni agategekebwa wansi w'Akakiiko akafuzi gaago gatera okunnyonnyonnyolwa nti galina obuyinza okugabana obuyinza wakati w'obumu n'abantu n'abantu ab'amawanga era nga geetaaga obukulembeddwa mu bibiina ebyo byombi ebikola ku nsonga enkulu.

Singa tewaaliwo kiwandiiko, k'kawyiro k'abantu k'obanga wabaddewo. Abasosi ba gavumenti bandiba nga baawakanya nti endagaano eyo yali eteekeddwa okuva e London ne Dublin. Bannabyabufuzi bandyeyisizza nga bakitwala nti endagaano eyo terina mateeka mu South South bwe yali nga teyeyagalizza kutuukiriza kwegombebwa kwabwe. Alipoota zino teziriimu kabi konna nga bafuula endagaano abantu, so si bannabyabufuzi bokka. N'ekyavaamu, ebibiina byatandika okulekera awo okuzimba ebitongole (nga bwe kyaliwo okuva mu mwaka gwa 2002 okutuuka mu mwaka gwa 2017-202020).

Ate era, akalulu kaago kaakyusa engeri ez'eby'obufuzi ez'ebitongole bya ba ggye. Okulonda okw'amaanyi okwawagira endagaano .[1] Naddala mu bitundu eby'eggwanga, kyakifuula kizibu eri abantu okweyongera okulwanirira obuwagizi bwabwe. Oluvannyuma, Irish Republican Army (IRA) yaggyamu ebyokulwanyisa byayo, ekintu ekyandibadde tekisuubirwa okukolebwa singa tewaaliwo kaweefube wa demokulase. Enteekateeka eya “w'emirembe obwa nnannyini obwa kampuni” yafuuka omusingi gwa kkaluggya ku nteekateeka empya.

Eky’Obusika n’Okubeera n’Amakulu

Kuno kwe kuyita ebiva mu ebyo ebyakolebwa mu Maayi 1998, ne mu nkola z'eby'obufuzi mu Northern Ireland leero. Bassaawo eky'okuteekawo eky'okulabirako nti enkyukakyuka enkulu yonna eya puligaamu mu Northern Ireland erina okukolebwa butereevu eri abantu. Omusingi guno kati guteekeddwa mu nkola y'ebbeeyi y'ebbeeyi, nga mw'otadde ne ku Protocol Ireland ey'omu Mambuka ne ku Windsor Framework ebiyinza okukkirizibwa mu nkola ya demokulasenti (“kasenti ya demokulase” mu Lukiiko lw'obukiika 2024). musingi gwa 1998 gusigala nga gukyakola ekipande ekiwandikiro kyonna ekiva mu buwandikiro ekyo.

Emiganyulo Egiva mu Kukkiriza Okuddirira

Ekitongole ekiyitibwa Good Frieve Accounting Accountings kyassaawo omutindo ogusinziirwako mu mirembe egyaddawo. Mu Northern Ireland mwennyini, St Andrews Account (2006), Hillsborough Castle Actrition (2010), ne Tssomero lya Schontont House Agreement (2014) Appect enzimba ku ntandikwa y'ebifo ebyabeerangamu 1998. Buli kampuni zino zeesigama ku kiragiro kya demokulase, eky'okuwanirira obukwasiroozi bwa gavumenti okuwanirira obwesige bwa bantu bonna. Wabweru wa Northern Ireland, okuyimba okuyita mu bifo ebiwawulibwa obukusiddwamu obukulembedde obukulembedde obukulembedde kye kyesigama ku ku ku ku ku kukoleramulembedde mu ku ku ku kugabana kwa Bulango, ne ku luuyi lwa Buwala olw'obuvanjuba. Obuwanjuba n'obuwandikiro bwa 1998, obuwandikiro bwonna bwa kye buwandikiddwa mu ku ku ku ku ku kukkawulembelembe.

Ebinaakuyamba Okugonjoola Obutakkaanya

Ebibiina bino biwa eby'okuyiga ebiwerako. Ekisooka, biraga nti enkola ya demokulase teri mu buwangwa naye nga tey'ekozesebwa: ekikolwa eky'okulonda kuakyo kiyinza okuvaamu obwetwaze n'obukakafu. Ekyokubiri, biraga obukulu bw'okuteekamu enkyukakyuka mu mateeka mu ngeri eyangu nga kyetaasa, nga bwe kiragiddwa nga kya bulijjo.[1]ye oba nno. Ekyokusatu, biraga engeri okugoba gye kuyinza okweyimirizaamu mu migaso egifuula ebisale ebyamaguzi era bwe kityo ne kireetawo obutebenkenkevu. Ekyokubiri, mu 1998, okulonda n'ensonga ku nsonga eyo kulaga obukulu bw'ekiseera ekigerekebereberye nga kimaze okuteekebwako, abawakanya bwe babadde nga tebanna kufuna ekiseera kya nkyukakyuka mu ngeri y'emirembe.

Leero, ebiwandiiko ebiwandiikiddwawo ku mateeka ga Irland, ebikkirizibwa mu byafaayo so si mu buwandiike obwa bulijjo. Buli mpaka bwe zijjawo okuva ku Drombet ne ku nkyukakyuka z'abantu mu Ireland ow'omu Masekkati ne Ireland mu 1998 ziwa enteekateeka y'amateeka n'ebyobufuzi esobozesa enkyukakyuka ezo okubaawo. Omusingi ogukwata ku kukkiriza, gukkirizibwa 70% ku Nkiika Nfuga Ireland okuvvuunguru ne 94%, ekitegeeza nti ekiteeso kyonna ekiteeso kijja kubaamu obumu mu Ireland kyetaagibwa nga kiwandikiddwawo eky'okukkakkaanya.

fundikira

Mu Maayi 1998, ebyava mu busonga ku nkola y'eby'obufuzi, tebyali kudda ku nkyukakyuka ya demokulase eyagonjoolera ddala ekizibu mu mabbali. Nga bawa abantu b'omu Northern Ireland ne Republic of Ireland eddoboozi, obujulizi bwakyusa endagaano ennungi ku Lwokubiri okuva ku kakwate akanafuwa ak'enkalakkalira, obuvunaanyizibwa obwa demokulase. 71% mu nkiikakkono mu North ne 94% mu bukiika ddyo, akavvuunvunta k'obukiikaddyo, akawandikiro kaawe wakati w'abantu ne gavumenti, akaziyiza ebizibu by'eby'obufuzi, ettemu, n'enjawukana mu Bret'entebe ey'okuvanyuma. Amakulu gaabwe tegaago gaakoma; gasigala nga ku kifo eky'enkaalo zonna ezinaabaawo mu Ireland.

Okusobola okwekenneenya ebiwandiiko eby'edda n'ebyo ebinoonyezebwa mu kiseera kye kimu, abasomi basobola okwekenneenya UK]AK K'ebiwandiiko bya gavumenti ya Belfast Apparice, Statu Ekitabo eky'omusinkufu ku kkopi ey'enkumbo [[[FLT:]], ne [[FLT:]AP] tekinnelysis by'ak'ak'ago algo algo algo Assemicces ku mirimu gy'emirembe[[. Amagezi amalala ku kaweebuzibwa k'amasaze ak'omulimu gayinza okusangibwa mu [FC]]