Table of Contents
Mu kiseera nga waliwo ebintu ebiteeberezebwa abantu bye batwala nga bifuuka ekimu ku bintu eby'omuwendo ennyo, obukulu bw'okukuuma obubaka obusaasaanyizibwa si kye bubadde butegeeza. Buli lunaku, abantu bateeka obubaka bwabwe mu mikutu gya kompyuta egitali gimu.[1] Obuvunaanyizibwa obwo busobozesa abantu okufuna obubaka obwenneekusifu ku mikutu gy'eby'obulamu obwa bulijjo. Obuva ku bannakyewa n'ebitongole eby'eby'ensimbirira eby'okussawa by'abantu eby'okussawa obutongole obwa n'eby'obunnannyini okutuuka ku bunnaabyo. Ebiwandiiko bino bwe binoonyereza ku nsonga za gavumenti bwe bigaana okutunda data, oba okubulagajjajjajja obujulizi, abaguzi beetaaga enkola eyeesigika okusobola okuvunaana enkola eyo.
Ensibuko y’Okukuza Obufumbo mu Bufumbo
Okulagaana mu mateeka kitegeeza enkola ekkirizibwa mu kkooti z'amateeka okugonjoola obutakkaanya wakati w'abantu ab'ebitongole, ebitongole, oba ebitongole ebirala nga(*) obwannannyini, obulagirwa, oba obulyi bw'emisango. Okwawukana ku misango egikolebwa abamenyi b'amateeka, emisango gy'amateeka gisibuka ku bantu olw'okunoonya obujjanjabi obw'eby'ensimbi gamba ng'okusasula ssente, okulagaana oba okusala emisango. Mu mbeera ezikwata ku data, okugoba obuwagizi bwa gavumenti, okuleka abaguzi okulumiriza ebitongole ebibatyo ebibatyogerekereza obubaka bwabwe, kabe nga babububutuukiriza mu bukolwa ebikyamu, oba okulemererwa okubutuukiriza obukwasibwa obubonero obw'amateeka.
Kkubo lino ery'okusala emisango lya mugaso kubanga amateeka agafuga obwannannyini gakola ku ntegeka ya muntu kinnoomu. Mu kukozesa enkola eyo, abaguzi bayinza okusemba bizineesi eza bannannyini ze bakkirizibwa okuzuula oba okubba ebintu byabwe. Mu ngeri y'emu, enzivuunula y'amateeka ga European Union esobola okuwa abantu eddembe ery'okunoonya omusaala olw'ebintu oba olw'obuzibu obubangi obubaale okuva ku ku kumenya amateeka. Awatali kubba, eddembe lino ery'eby'obufuzi liba liba likkiridde mu nzikkiriza; empandika y'ekitongole kya gavumenti eyinza okwesiga abantu abalina eby'okwegobererwa mu buli kasa.
Ate era, okugattika gavumenti kuyamba mu kuteekawo amateeka agaayamba okumanyisa etteeka erikwata ku muntu eye yekka. Buli lusaze lwa kkooti lunnyonnyola bulungi olulimu olukwata ku muntu kinnoomu, lussaawo ebisuubirwa mu ngeri egoberera enkola ya kampuni, era lulaga ebiva mu butagoberera bulagirizi bwa gavumenti.
Engeri Ebyo Ebikwata ku Kkooti gye Bikozesebwamu mu Kugaya Eddembe ly’Obwama
Kkooti zikola emirimu mingi mu kukuuma ebiba biwuliddwa ku bantu okusobola okukuuma obubaka obuba buwandiikiddwa.
Okukyusa Amateeka n’Etteeka Ery’Obwannannyini
Ekiragiro ekifuga emirimu gy'abatunzi kitera okubeeramu ebigambo ebisaasaanyizibwa mu ngeri ey'enjawulo, nga birimu emitindo egikwata ku nkola z'okusala emisango. Ng'ekyokulabirako, enzivvuunuzi ey'ekika kya GDPR ekwetaagisa abafuzi ba mpulizi b'amampulizi okukwasisa “obukugu n'obusobozi bw'entegeka” okukakasa nti ebikolebwamu bituukiriza ebisaanyizo. Ekisaanyizo ekituukiriza nga “kisaanira” kiyinza okusinziira ku ndukusa, ku mpandiika, ne ku nkola za tekinologiya. Kkooti zireetwadde nga zigezaako okunnyonnyola emitindo egikwata ku makolero, era n'emigugu egikolebwa ku bizinesi. Ebisalibwa byazo biwa obulagirizi obuyamba ebibiina ebikola ebizimbibwa okuteekateeka ebiwandikibwa.
Okuvunaanibwa olw’Ebizibu n’Ensobi Ebiri mu Bizimbe
Mu bitundu ebimu, ebitongole bya sitaagilala eby'amaanyi ebikola ku nzirukanya y'ebyuma, obusobozi bw'okugoba ssente. Abasusi b'ebyuma abo ababa bakoseddwa ssente, oba ababa n'ebizibu mu nneewulira olw'okumenya empalana y'data k'ekitongole, basobola okuzzaawo ebisasulwa mu nkola y'obudde. Mu bitundu ebimu, ebisalebwa obugobyo tebirina bukakafu bukakasa nti ebiba bikosa obulamu bw'abantu, era kiyinza okukendeeza enkyuuka ku kkalu. Kkootifomu eziyinza okuteekako amateeka okuleka kampuni okuko oba okuteeka mu nkola ebiteesobo.
Ebikolwa: Akamwenyi Akabuguumiriza Eddoboozi
Kkooti ezisaasaanyizibwa ku bantu kinnoomu ziyinza okuba nga si za mugaso singa akabi kabaawo mu kibiina kabeera katono naye nga kagaziwadde. Kasooto kasobozesa ekibinja ekinene ekya baguzi okuleeta ensawo emu, ebibalirira n'okugattika ssente. Akakodyo kano kakulu nnyo naddala mu byo ebireetebwawo ku muntu kinnoomu, nga mu kibiina, nga mu ngeri eyo okulwana ne Equifax, Yahoowa, ne Marriott, kaviiriddeko ebisaawe by'amakompuni ebizi ebizinyi ebizingirwamu era ne kakko kaleetera kampuni okuteeka essira ku by'okukuuma data.
Emirimu Egikozesebwa mu Kiwandiiko Egisobozesa Abasuubuzi Okufuna Amaanyi
Amateeka mangi agawandiise enkola abantu gye balina okulwanirira mu nsonga ezibakwatako, galeeseewo eddembe ly'obuntu so ng’ate amalala geesigama ku kugoowa gavumenti nga tewali muntu yenna asobola kugituusaako bulabe.
Enzivuunula ya data ekozesebwa bulijjo (GDPR)
GDPR, eyakola mu Maayi 2018, etwalibwa nga emitindo gya zaabu mu mateeka agakwata ku kukuuma data. Akatundu 82 ku GDPR kawa abo abalina data eddembe ery'okusasulwa okuva ku ntegeka oba ku nkola endala ey'ebintu oba ebitali processor. Ekiwandiiko kino kireeseewo enkumbo ey'okukyusaamu mu Bulaaya ne kkooti ezitatategeera amakulu g'empandika nga “n'obuzibu obwa fayiro bw'ebaayo obwa bulijjo” n'engera ku nsonga. Okusobola okumanya obumpimpimpi obulaga byonna ebizikwata ku ndala y'empalo, laba Empandika y'empandika eya GDR] ku Lulabo olukalala oluva mu Bula. . Ekiragiro kino kiremyawo olumu endowooza ng'eyo ereetebwa “eyo esobola okutaayukamenyebwawomenyebwa ne embeera y'olupapula lw'olupapula lw'olupapula lw'ebitundu.[F.[22222:1]
California Consumer Acct (CCPA) ne California Act Rights (CPRA)
CCPA, nga bwe kyakyusibwa CPRA, ewa abantu b'omu California eddembe ery'enkalakkalira mu mbeera ntono: singa bizineesi elemererwa okutuukiriza ebipimo ebisaanira eby'okwerinda, era nga okulemererwa kuvaamu okukkirizibwa, okubuzibwa, oba okubikkulwa kw'ensonga ezitakkirizibwa. Abaguzi basobola okuteeka mu nteeko ezibakwatako wakati w'obuwumbi bwa doola 100 ne doola z'Amerika buli muntu agulako, oba doola z'Amerika 50 buli lwe zikkirizibwa. California Attorney General yafulumya ebifa ku nsonga ezitagibwa mu nnukuta yennyini.
Amateeka Amalala ag’Ettabi ly’Amerika
Gavumenti endala ez'omu Amerika zitaddewo amateeka agawerako nga gagobererwa eddembe ly'obwa nnamba, wadde nga emirundi egisinga gaakoma okukolebwako. Ng'ekyokulabirako, enzikkiriza abantu okusasulwa olw'okumenya amateeka agakwata ku ngeri y'okukwatamu ebintu ebizingirwamu, era kino kivuddemu enkola nnyingi mu kibiina. Ekiragiro New York SHIELD Act nakyo kisobozesa obukoddyo obutundutundu obutonotono okumenya amateeka.
Omusango gw’Okulonda Obuddukiro
Ku kitongole kya Amerika, akakiiko akafuzi kalina obuyinza ku Kitundu 5 ekya FTC akawera ebikolwa eby'obulyi bw'amateeka oba ebikolwa eby'obulimba, nga mw'otwalidde n'ebyo ebikwata ku sipiidi ya data. Kyokka, ekiragiro eky'okukwata FTC tekissaawo ddembe lya muntu kinnoomu; abaguzi tebasobola kukikola butereevu. Mu kifo ky'ekyo, bateekwa okwesiga FTC okuleeta enkola y'okugobererwa. Wadde nga FTC ebadde ekola mu kyamalanga oba mu kyamalanga, teri ku bwamalanga.
Ebyakwata ku Bufuzi bwa World: Emitwe n’Emitemere Egiyinza Okulabibwa
Okusobola okutegeera amakulu g’okulagaana okukola ekintu, kiba kirungi okwekenneenya obutyabaga obutonotono obukutte ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsonga z’obuntu.
Nga nkozesa ebyuma ebikongojjedwa mu 'Equifax', Inc.
Mu 2017, ekitongole kyawaanyisa enkola ya bannakyewa nga 147 obukadde. Mu 2019, amaka gakkirizibwa okusobola okusobozesa ekibiina okusasula obuwumbi obuwumbi obuwumbi 1,4 obw'ebirimba. Omuntu okusasula ebisale bye yasasula ku ssente ze baamusasulanga. Equifax yasobozesa ebisale by'abantu okusasula ssente ezisukka mu doola z'obuwumbi bwa doola 100.
Google LLC (LLC Court ey’Okungulu)
Mu UK, kkooti enkulu eyasala olukiiko lw'Ekkooti olw'omu Lloyd okusobola okuzuula n'okuzuula. Google yayogera ku nsonga obanga abawaabi bayinza okuzzaawo ebisasifu bye baafiirwa singa bafiirwa data zaabwe. Kkooti yagamba nti “okufuga” kwalina obuyinza obusobola okuleetawo ebisale wadde nga tewali kabi ka mu bya nfuna. Ekiragiro kino kyateekawo engeri y'okugonjoolamu enkola ya kika wansi w'ekiteesiteesi ky'obuteesiteesi kya data Device Act 2018 ne GDPR, nga kiggumiza nti obwamagoba obwamaguzi bwa muntu kinnoomu bwalina omugaso gwagi.
Obulungi bw’Omusawo Ogufaangayo
Mu 2018, okumenya amateeka agakwata ku ngeri gye gaakwatamu emirimu gy'obuwangwa bw'abantu nga 500 obukadde. Kkooti y'ekitongole ekikola ku nsonga za gavumenti kyasasulwamu doola z'Amerika obukadde 50, nga era nga kyewooza eri ettaka okusobola okuteeka mu buzibu ku by'okwerinda.
Obuzibu Obubaawo ng’Oli mu Bufumbo ng’Oli Obwabwetwazi
Wadde nga kiri kityo, okugattika obutuuti tekuyinza kulemesa bantu kusalawo mu ngeri ey'obwenkanya.
Okwetaaga Okumanyira Ddala Ebisingawo n’Okutegeera Obutono
Obujulizi obukwata ku bintu ebyamalanga okubutuusibwako obubaka ku buli muntu buzingiramu obujulizi obw'amaanyi obukwata ku nkula y'ebifaananyi gamba ng'okunoonyereza ku nfuna, okunoonyereza, okusasulira, n'okuwozesebwa, era n'okusasulwa kw'emisango, ebyo ebisabibwa abakungu ba gavumenti bye bawa bannamateeka bisobola okutwala ssente nnyingi ku ssente eziweebwa abakunguzi.
Omugugu ogw’Obukakafu n’Ebyetaagisa Ebikyaliwo
Mu Amerika, kaweefube ow'Akatundu III ayimiridde `/'Akakiiko k'ekibiina'omu Kkooti'abaddeko akalaga akabi ak'amaanyi ke kalina okumalirizibwa. Oluvannyuma lwako olukiiko olw'okusala mu Spookeo, Inc. v. Robins[ [2016], abakunguzi bateekwa okulaga akabi akaliwo “ka bulijjo oba ak'okusembera ddala.” Okusobola okuzuula obubaka obujuliziddwa mu kifo ekitakozesebwa kubba, n'emirundi mingi kkooti zisanga nga tezisobola kunyweza kubeerawo. Kino kiviiriddeko okugoba emisango emingi egya waggulu era n'okukaayaabya.
Ensonga Ezikwata ku Kusalawo n’Ebikwata ku Bannaddiini
Okusobola okuzuula ebintu mu nsi yonna, kiyinza okuleetawo obuzibu mu ngeri endala. Okumenya amateeka kiyinza okuzingiramu ebintu ebikolebwa mu nsi emu, kampuni okwegatta ku ndala, era n'abantu abali mu bitundu bya njawulo. Kkooti ki era na mateeka ki agafuga era gano agayinza okukozesebwa mu ngeri ya bbeeyi. K'omulimu gwa GDPR guyinza okubaamu “sooka emirundi 93,ssoosaropozi". Ebisobooto ebyo bisobola okubunyisibwa mu EUP, naye nga okusala olukolo olulala kwe bisigala nga bizibu.
Enkola Ezimala Eziyinza Okuyamba mu Kufuna Obuzibu mu Kukolagana n’Abalala
Wadde nga GDPR ekkiriza okusasulwa olw'ebintu ebimenyese, kkooti nnyingi tezikkiriza kuwa bannabyabukiiko ssente nnyingi olw'okulemererwa okufuga oba okweraliikirira. mu matwale ga Bulaaya agamu, kkooti zigambye nti ekiyinza okukolebwako kiteekwa okuba eky'amaanyi.
Ebiragiro mu Biseera eby’Omu Maaso: Okunyweza Ennyimba z’Abannaggwanga olw’Engeri Ezaabwe ez’Ekibali ku Buwandiike
Okusobola okukola obulungi omulimu gw'okukuuma obubaka obuba butuukiriziddwa ku bantu, kikulu okulowooza ku nkyukakyuka eziwerako n'ebintu ebirala ebiba bikoleddwa.
Okugaziya Eddembe ly’Ekikolwa
Kaakati, amateeka mangi agakyama ku kyama mu Amereka nga Inssurance Portability ne Act (HIPAA) ne Gramm ąLach̆Bliley Act (GBA) nga tegalimu ddembe lya muntu kinnoomu ery'okukola ekintu. Abawagizi baakiririzza amateeka g'ensi yonna agayinza okuwa abaguzi eddembe ery'okumenya amateeka, nga bwe kiri ne CCPA. Etteeka ng'eryo liyinza okuzibakka oluvaako omuwaatwako nga bawa abakwasi b'emba TCCC era ne liteekawo omutemwa gwago ogufaananyewo mu ggwanga lyonna.
Okusoomoozebwa kw’Ebizibu Ebitono leswimu n’Ensonga Embi Eyinza Okukolebwa
Kkooti ntono zisobola okuteekamu enkola ezikwata ku by'obwannannyini nga ziziyiza obulango bwa bannannyinimutemu. Gavumenti ezimu zigezesezza enjereere ezikola ku nsonga zabwekka era ne ziziyiza okuzuula ebintu ebiba bigobeddwawo. Okugatta ku ekyo, amateeka agafuga enkola y'okukugira ebigambo ng'ebyo ebiba mu nnyimba okusobola okufuna obujjanjabi mu by'obujjanjabi.
Okukozesa Obukugu mu Kwerekereza Ensimbi
E.piadery, enzijuvu ez'ebiwandiiko ebikolerwako, ate era ne AIÍaceed eyinza okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya y'okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezikwata ku muntu kinnoomu. Kkooti zisobola okussaawo obukwanguzi bw'enkola okusobola okugonjoola obujulizi mu bya tekinologiya, era okukuba obukulembezi kuyinza okuleetawo enkaayana. Bino ebikolebwa nga tekunnasaasaanya, bisobozesa abantu okutuukirira, naddala nga bawanyisa ensonga entonotono.
Okunyweza Obulagirizi bw’Okukyusa mu Nkyusa y’Ebigambo n’Okulaga Okutajjulukuka
Mu budde era ne kalonda yenna akwata ku bubaka, kiba kirungi okusobozesa bakasitoma okumanya akabi akayinza okuvaamu era n'okusalawo obanga banaabwa. Amateeka ag'amaanyi ageetaagisa kampuni okwatula ebifa ku nnyimba za data ez'enjawulo, ekiviirako akawyiro okugootaanyewo, n'ebikolebwa okugonjoolera ddala ebyo ebiyinza okukolebwa, bisobola okusobozesa abaguzi ne kampuni okumanya wa we ziyinza okugobererwa.
Okutabagana kw'Eamateeka Agafuga Ensi Yonna
Ekiragiro dataago bwe kyeyongera okusala ensalo, okussaawo amateeka agakwata ku matwale g'etteeka, engeri y'okusalamu emisango, n'okumanya enzikkiriza z'amateeka, kijja kukendeeza obukuubagano mu migga emirundi girina.
fundikira
Okulayira si ngeri ey'okwerinda ey'okukakasaamu obusobozi bwa data n'endwadde ze ziteekeddwawo emirundi mingi abaguzi kwe basobola okufuna eddagala erya nnamaddala era ne bateekako n'obumanyirivu ebirala ebibakwatako nga bannyonnyola amateeka amazibu, okuwa ebibonerezo, era n'engeri enkola ez'okugaba ez'okwerinda mu bibiina, n'enkola za kkooti okwetooloola ensi yonna zikozesezza ku mbeera z'abantu ab'omu kiseera kino. Alipoota nga Equifax translation ne Lloyd v.Google Kino kiraga amaanyi g'okugobeewanjula
Kyokka, wakyaliwo enjawukana munene: ebbeeyi ey'amaanyi, ekyetaagisa okuyimirira mu kifo ekisukkiridde, okuzibuwalirwa mu nsonga za njawulo, n'obujjanjabi obutono ebiyinza okugobererwa, byonna bisobola okulemesa empaka ez'enjawulo. Okusobola okukakasa nti okulagirwa kwa bantu kweyongera mu kifo kyakwo ekikulu, abakola eby'okuteeka mu nkola enkola eno, enkola ez'ekikungo, n'okukolera awamu mu nsi yonna.
Mu nkomerero, obumalirivu bw'okuyingiza n'obusobozi bwa data mu nsonga za data bwesigamye ku kukkirizibwa kwa sistemu ez'amateeka. Obumalirivu obwa bulijjo, n'obutali butuukirivu bwayo bwonna, busigala nga bunywevu nnyo mu kukwata abawagizi. Etteeka erifuga ensonga bwe liba nga lyayongera bweyongera okubuyungika ne liba nga lirina okuggulawo ekiwandiiko, Entecronic Foundation interlinec ewandity [[[FLLD]] Foundations, era n'edde kiyinza okusobozesa abasuubirira kugibwa mu by'omulembereza oba okumanyibwa obutereevuuzi, n'okuwagira enkola y'eby'amakutu ag'eby'amateeka.