Table of Contents
Okukuba akalulu mu mizannyo gy'amadaala agasooka, kye kintu ekifuula enkola y'eby'obufuzi mu Amerika, era nga kino kiba kituukiriza enkyuuka y'emizannyo gya prezidenti. Okulonda kuno, buli myaka ebiri, kusobozesa abalonde okulaba engeri enkola y'obukulembeze gye gikolamu era ne basobozesa omuntu yenna ayagala okutegeera amaanyi g'eggwanga, k'omulembe guno okusobola okutegeera obulungi obuyinza bw'ensi ya demokulase.
Okutegeera Ebirowoozo Ebiba Bikuwadde
Mu madamu tewaba kalonda akolebwa mu myaka ena egya prezidenti. Ku nnaku zino ez'okulonda, abavwoota bonna 435 abali ku Nnyumba ey'ababaka era nga kimu kya kusatu ku mituuti 100. Okugatta ku ekyo, gavumenti nnyingi zikwata obugaali obwa quatoriali b'abalanisi, enkalu z'abafuzi, n'empaka ez'enjawulo ez'omu kitundu okukuba empaka. Okuva bwe kiri nti ennyumba yonna ebalibwa buli myaka ebiri, wakati wa digiti 1, 260 ewandikirwamu etegeeza obutundu obwa bulijjo obwa kampanisiti. Ebitebe bya kkooti era bitwalibwa nga mu masengeka mangi, ne mu masekkati agamu aganene gawandikiddwawo.
Ekigambo "midter" kyennyini kissa essira ku kifo eky'ensi ekikwatagana n'omutendera gwa pulezidenti. Ebbanga lino ery'okulonda liyinza okuleetera omupakasi okukendeeza ku kiseera ekyo oba okulonda okugeraageranyizibwa ku myaka egya prezidenti, naye era ne ktandikawo embeera ey'eby'obufuzi mu kifo eky'enjawulo ensonga z'obudde we ziyinza okuwereza obuzito. Ebiva mu kulonda okwa kampeni mu kiseera kino biyinza okuleetera pulezidenti okussaawo enzijirako oba okuteekawo ek'ebiwandikiro, ne k'ebitongole ebiwandikiro ebikola ku by'obufuzi.
Ebyafaayo Ebiraga nti Ekiseera Kyonna Kibaawo
Okuva mu lukalala lw'ebiro ebyasooka, okulonda kubadde ng'ekitongole ekinoonya endowooza ya bantu ku prezidenti atuddewo. Endowooza esigalawo y'ey'ekibiina pansient'ebeera ng'ekitongole ekifiirwa obutebe mu Congress mu biseera eby'edda. Eky'okulonda kuno kitera okukolebwa olw'ekibonerezo kya "malanga ga ddimistemu," ekijuliza ekijuliza ku buyinza obwa pulezidenti era ne kisobozesa abafuzi ba buyinza okubuteeka mu nkola. Olwo kiyinza okufiirwa ebifo by'eby'enfuna, oba okuziyinja ebiswaza ebiva mu maka gannaggwanga, era n'okusobozesa ekikolobero okubuzzaamu.
Mu mwaka gwa 1994, abavvuunuki baafiirwa obunene obwali businga obungi mu kyasa ekya 20 mu mwaka gwa 1938 nga mu mwaka gwa Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Democratic D. Rooselt's D.'s Republicatry bafiirwa oluvannyuma lw'obuswazi bwa Watergate, era ne 1994 "Republican Republican's Republican's's ne pulezidentinate ne FDR's booleka obukovvuzi bwakoosi nga bukoosebwa n'enkola ennyimba nga 40 mu 1974, enkalu y'ewali ez'eby'eby'obufuzi n'empewo ne siteego za Amerika zaasinga obungi. Mu 1994, Republicans zaafuna ebitebe ebitebe by'embalo 54 era n'ebitebe munaana, nga zitwala obusatu mu myaka 40 mu bukulembeze bwa Newting.
Emitendera egyakayita gikola bwe gityo. Mu 2006, obutasiima kwangangalwa kwa Iraq era Pulezidenti George W. Bush mu ngeri y'okukwatamu Omuyaga Katrina gye gwawa obuyinza ku Nnyumba ne Senga. Mu 2010, ekibiina kya Tea Party, kyayawukanya ne Application de Care de Facurence era ne Republican, ne byeramyawo mu mpalo ya Riphabliki 63 mu Nnyumba. Ennakunaku 2018 zaayoleka amasaze ga "Enjukifukufu" nga Democrates bwe yafukula ennyuma lw'eggulo lw'oludda lw'omukulembeze Donald Trumpman'a, ate nga n'ab'ab'abyo baatwalanga akakiiko k'eby'eby'eby'enfuna. Ebyokulabirako bino biraga nti mu mwaka gwa 2018 gwa 182 zamanyikaseewanya amagra ge gago ga ga gaafunze mu kifo kya prezida prositeessawo.
Ebivaamu Bisobola Okugobererwa
- [[FOLT:0]1999: Olukyukakyuka olw'ennamba" olwakubirizibwa Newt Gingrich lwavaamu okukyuka okw'amaanyi mu buyinza, era nga Republicans be bafuga ennyumba omulundi ogwasooka mu myaka amakumi ana. Kino kyaviirako okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu nteeko, ne Prezidenti Clinton's okutuuka ku kkasense.
- [[NT:0] Bannaakyemalira baddamu okufuga Olukiiko olw'ensi mu kiseera nga tekimatiza olw'olutalo olw'obulyi bw'enguzi mu Iraq. Kino kyaviirako okweyongera okubuuka ku baduumizi b'amaggg, okuva mu Iraq, n'okuyita mu lukiiko oluyitibwa Lilly Led Beaner Fair Pay Act oluvannyuma.
- [[AWULA:0]2010:[[[Akatundu] Ekibiina kya Tea Party kyasaanyawo Republicans ne kisobozesa ebyafaayo mu Nnyumba. GOP eyali yaakaweebwa obuyinza bwatandika okunoonyereza mu bukulembeze bw'Abama, ekyasabibwa olw'okusalako obusale, ne kiziyiza bingi ku nteekateeka ya pulezidenti ey'okubiri.
- [[AKM:0]2018:[ Gabuuti z'abo abaagala okufugibwa demokulase zaawangula mu masaza agaawgedwawo, ne zigolokosa ennyumba. Kino kyaviirako okumenya amateeka ku Prezidenti Trump, okunoonyereza mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, n'okussa essira ku bukuumi bw'eby'eby'obulamu.
- [[[AKM:0]22][ Wadde nga babadde basuubira "bubunjuba obumyufu," Bannaakyewa baatwala ekkanisa era ne bafiirwa abasinga obungi mu Nnyumba. Okulonda kuno kwalaga nti eddembe ery'okuggyamu embuto liba lisobola okuganzibwawo oluvannyuma lw'okusalawo kw'abamenyi b'amateeka, ne kiviirako okuwandiisa amagye mu mateeka.
Emiganyulo Egiri mu Kusalawo
Ebivaamu mu kiseera kya nteera bisangibwa mu buli ttabi lya gavumenti era ne bikyusa enkola ya gavumenti ne mu bitundu bya gavumenti. Ku bizinga bya gavumenti, okukyusa entegeka, ekitongole kyonna kiyinza okulemesa enkola ya prezidenti, okusawuza, oba okuleetera abawagizi okunoonyereza n'okulabirira. Abaziyiza bwe bawangula akasenge akamu, badayirekita batera okugoberera enkola za bannakyewa n'okukola emirimu egya bannaakyewa okusobola okutuukako ebigendererwa byabwe naye ne baziyiza okukeewala okusasula ssente oba okusasula obululu.
Wadde nga wabaddewo amateeka, ennaku ezimu zikubiriza okutongoza abalamuzi ba gavumenti nga mw'otwalidde n'okusala emisango ku kkooti enkulu. Olukiiko lw'abalamuzi lusobola okusala emisango mu bwangu ate olukiiko olubayisa obubi luyinza okuziziyiza. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu 2016, Akakiiko akafuzi ak'ekitongole ekya Republican kaagaana okuyingiza abalamuzi mu Merrick Garland, Pulezidenti Obama’s Court Supper nemmee, okusalawo okwali kwa mimu okwava ku ngeri enkala eriko mu kkooti ya koo. Mu ngeri y'emu, 2018 ekitundu eky'ebitundu kyawanyisa Democrates As Hometats, ne kikkiriza ab'oluganda abo okwongera okutongoza ebitongole b'omu Trump okutongola olukiiko olukulu.
Mu 2010, gavumenti zaasalawo nti wabeewo amasaza agafuga era n'enkola esobozesa okugootaanya amasaza, amateeka ag'okulonda, eby'enjigiriza, n'eby'obujjanjabi eby'obulamu. Mu 2010, ba Republicas baafuga amakanisa agatali gamu aga gavumenti era ne bakozesa amaanyi ago okuzza obukiiko bwa gavumenti mu kifo eky'enjawulo oluvannyuma lw'okubala abantu mu 2010.Nkola enteekateeka eyasobozesa omuwendo gw'abantu okunyweza Ennyumba zaabwe okumala emyaka kkumi. . Amawanga 202222 gaatwala Democrates okulwanirira obuguwandikiro obukulu mu mateeka agafuga ebitongole nga Michigan, Pennsylvania, ne Wisconsian, era ne kiziyiza okusattulula ebiwandikiro n'okuzaala.
Okuwagira Ekitongole kya Yakuwa
Voter advers yalambula nga baddikkirira ku kulonda okwa ba pulezidenti. Mu 1978, okulonda okwakolebwa kwali kutono nnyo nga 37% ku bavwooti abasaanira. Kyokka, ebyakolebwa gye buvuddeko awo biraga nti mu 2018 midters omuwendo gw'aboogerezeganya gwali wakati w'ekiro, 3%, nga gukyasinzeeyo waggulu wakati w'ekiseera mu myaka egisukka mu kikumi nga bagoberera enkola ey'okwegatta awamu, ey'enkola ey'amaanyi mu bantu, era nga bagezaako n'okuyita mu n'okusalawo. 20222 ku kirometero ekya bakyeyongera mu nkola eno nga 46%, ekiwandikiro ekyakyava ku mitindo gy'ebyafaayo.
Nsonga eziwerako zireesezza omulimu guno. Abavvuzi abavubuka (abafumbo 18-29) beeyongedde okukolerwako, naddala ku nsonga gamba ng'enkyukakyuka y'embeera y'obudde, ebbanja ly'abayizi, n'ennamba ezibakugira okuggyamu embuto. Okunoonyereza ku nsonga z'eby'okussaawamu n'okuteekateeka kwa bannasayansi kukendeeza ebbeeyi y'obudde, okusobozesa ebibiina eby'obusobozi okulonda okuzza obugattisiikiriza abantu, okukendeeza ebbanja, n'okulonda amabaluwa, n'okukuba obuntlola obugazi byakendedde mu bitundu ebiwera.
Obutundu obulala obuli mu biwandikiro nga mw'otwalidde n'obuddusi, Latino, ne Sisiya, era baalabika nga bagoberedde mu mabbali agaddawo. Mu 2018 ekiseera kya masekkati g'omwaka 2018, abavvunsi b'abalabudde beeyongera obungi mu Georgia nga bagoberera enkola ya Stacey Abramas gubernatorial ne kaweefube wa Fair. Mu 20222, Latino abavwoosezza e democratic Sertic Macale baawangula. Kino kiraga nti wakati w'ekikaawumbi tekikyalimu na bannamukadde, abazungu; byoleka enkola eya waggulu era n'enkyukakyuka mu ngeri endala.
Ebikwata ku Bitundu Ebiri wakati w’Okusalawo
Okukuba akalulu mu biseera eby'okuyitako emirundi mingi kikwata nnyo ku nsonga ezikwata ku bulamu bw'abantu abakuba akalulu. Wadde nga ensonga ezimu zikyuka okusinziira ku mbeera y'eby'obufuzi, ebintu ebiwerako ebiba bitegekeddwa buli mwaka bisinziira ku ngeri ebyo ebiba bitegekeddwamu:
- [[ALT:0] Obulambo obukozesebwa ku kukuuma eb'enkalakkalira obwa ' Akakwakkuliro aka Affordcable Care akasigalamu enjawukana. Mu 2018, Democrates zisobola bulungi okukuuma embeera ezizzewo nga zikyaliwo n'okugaziya Medicaid. Mu 2022, eddembe ery'okuggyamu embuto lyafuuka nsonga enkulu oluvannyuma lwa kkooti enkulu Dobbs v. Jackson’E kibiina ky'abakyala ab'eby'obulamu
- [[AGUMENTI:0] Ek'oguzi:[[FOM:1]] Okweyongera kwa ssente, okweyongera kw'emirimu, n'okugootaanya emisolo. Mu 2010, obutakkirizibwa kwa mirimu kungi n'okukekkereza ebiba byomesezza ebbeeyi byatea Parti byayongera busungu bwa Tea Party. Mu 2022, ebbeeyi y'ebbeeyi y'ebbeeyi y'ebintu n'emiwendo gya gaato bye byayamba mu Republican, naye Democrats byekalizza ku kukula kw'emirimu n'eby'amaterekero.
- Okuva mu ntegeka enviromenti n'okukyusa ebiva mufuduko biba buli lukumbo lumu. Mu 2006, okulongoosebwa kw'ensalo ku nsalo ya demokulase. Mu 2018, okwawukana kw'amaka ku nsalo ya demokulase. Mu 2022, okusala ensalo ku nsalo z'ensalo kyafuuka kizibu eri abafuga ebizingirwamu.
- [[NKULA]] Okukyusa okw'ekirowoozo: Kkompleramentmentmentive ekifuuse enkola ey'okuteekateeka abavubuka abavvuzi. Ennaku 2018 baasanga abantu nga Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez bagulumiza Green New Derection. Ennaku 2022 K'obudde bwa Xmocrates okulaga enkola y'obudde obw'ekika kya Inflaation Reduction Act.
- Enjigiriza n'okubunyisa eddembe: Empawa ezikuutira endowooza ez'empandika ez'empaka ez'okuvumirira empalana ez'enkula, essente eziva ku ssomero, era n'okulonda bifuuse b'ekifo. Mu mpaka za 2021-2022, empandika za Virginia eza gubernator zaakubirizibwa nnyo ensonga ez'eby'enjigiriza, so nga ne gavumenti nnyingi ziresezza amateeka okulonda nga wayiseewo 202020.
Kaweefube
Kaweefube ow'oku sistemu akabaddewo mu kiseera kino azingiramu ebintu ebizingirwa mu kaweefube ow'okulonda n'ebintu ebirala ebiba biyingiziddwa. Obukodyo obw'okusalako obululu buzingiramu:
- [[NTL:0] 'Grasroots' ziteekateeka nga: nga ziyisa endagiriro ez'omu bitundu eby'omu bitundu nga ziyitira ku kugogolokoza oluggi, bank'essimu, ne mu mbeera endala ez'omuliraano. Ebibinja nga akakiiko akafuzi ka Democratic National Corps' ne akakubiddwa akakiiko aka Republican ka 'Ver Protection" programs mu nkola ez'amaanyi ez'oku munda.
- Kaweefube ow'okumanyisa ebifa ku bantu ku mikutu gy'eno oba ku siteegi ` era n'okubunyisa obubaka nga bugoberera enkola ya bannannyini bunnaagyo. Kaweefube ow'okukuba akakwakkulizo atuuka ku bavvuzi nga banoonya obubaka obuba bugobererwa abaguzi n'obukolerwako ebiba bifunzidwa mu kulonda, gusobola okukozesebwa okuzuula abavubuka nga bavwoota, ne bassassawo apps zenkana abanoonya obubaka obwa obulaga obubaka oba ebikolerwako.
- [[NKULULA]] Emboozi z'obubaka ezeesigamiziddwa ku nkola eya demokulase: zissa essira ku bintu ebibakwatako. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu 2022, Abasomyo baateeka essira ku bukuumi obuva mu kuggyamu embuto ne demokulase, ate bo abo abaali beeteereddewo ebiruubirirwa eby'okugenda mu Republic baateeka essira ku ku kukendeeza ssente, obumenyi bw'amateeka, n'eddembe ly'abazadde mu by'enjigiriza.
- [[NKULULA] Mediya n'empaka ez'okubuuza: Emboozi z'ebiragiro bisigala nga bikulu naye amawulire, ebinyunzi, n'ebiragiro ebigendera ku luguudo tebiraze biba byombi bikosa ebitisse abawuliriza. Ebiwandikiro ebikola ku mikutu gy'abawuliriza bireme okufiibwako. Ebiwandikibwa ku mikutu gy'ebyuma eby'oku nyunzi ebisasulwako bisobola okusigamya ebinyuma ku bwongo by'abawuliriza.
- Kaweefube GOV]: Okuvaamu akalulu kiba kikulu nnyo mu mitendera egya kasaze ku ntandikwa z'ekiseera eky'okuvoota, okuyingiza obulogo mu mabaluwa, n'okutongozaamu ebiba bifulumizidwa. Mu 2020-2022, gavumenti nnyingi zigaziya obusande bwa poota mu bujjuvu, ne zikyusa engeri gye bukolamu olunaku olw'okuvwoota.
Obukulu bw’Essente n’Ebigambo
Okukuba akalulu mu disitulikiti okw'ekika kya kampeyini kikubirizibwa nnyo ssente eza kampeyini. Mu mwaka gwa 2022, kkooti enkulu ebaddeko enzijjuvu etegeeza nti mu mwaka gwa ekika kya kirowoozo kya kirowoozo (2010) ekiba kiwadde ebbeeyi ez'eyikebwa obwa nnawookeera mu kampuni, mu magatte, ne mu Super PC. Bwe kityo, abantu abatali basaasaanya ssente ezisinga obungi mu mpaka za kawumbi bwa kawere. Mu 2022, ebbanja zonna zikozesebwa doola nga 7 obukadde okutuusa kati. Embalirira y'ennyo n'ebbeeyinyo .
Kuno kwe kukyusa ebiba biwandiiko oba empapula z'amawulire kukyusa endowooza z'abavvuunuki. Mu 2018 ne 2022, ebifulumya ebiwandiikizo nga CNN, Fox News, ne MSNBC biwa abavvuunuzi abavvuunuli b'eggwanga, ate empapula ne ziba nga ziwa abavvuzi b'enkaanyi ezikwata ku ku kulonda, ate nga zaakozesebwa nnyo mu mawulire okukuba akakwate. Mu 2018 ne 2022, empagi z'amatendekero nga Facebook ne Twitter, bagezaako okuziyiza ebirengoozi ebikwata ku ku ku kulonda, naye nga tewali katuufu okusingira ddala okuva ku mikutu gya Crootest.
Emitendera gyakayita: 2018 ne 2022 mu Ggyesw
Mu 2018, ekiseera kyaggwaako: Abagenda okulonda mu ntebe 40 ez'ekirooto, nga bawangula okufuga ekisenge nga bafuna amagoba 41. Eno ye nnyanjula esingayo okuba ey'amaanyi mu kitongole eky'omu masekkati g'ekibiina okuva mu kiseera kya Watergate. Ensonga enkulu zaalimu abakazi n'abavubuka abaali baziyizibwa Pulezidenti Trump. Okulonda era kwalaba omuwendo omunene ogw'abakazi n'abo abaali balondeddwa mu kkanisa.
Mu makkati 2022, Prezidenti Biden yagezaako okukomya ebiwandiiko bye eby'eddaala eryakolebwanga mu kiseera kya 2022. Wadde nga mu kiseera ekyo waaliwo ebipimo ebikkirizibwa oba ebbeeyi y'amaanyi ey'ebintu, Democrates yatwala olukiiko olukulu era n'efiirwa abasinga obungi obwa kawumpuli. Ab'olukiiko olwo baagamba nti ekyo kyaliwo mu kusalawo kwa Kooti Esingako, okwaggulawo demokrati era n'okwa abo abaali beeteeseteese mu Republic abaatwalibwa nga bakulu nnyo oba nga bakyamu. Ebivuddemu 20222 byalaga nti ebiseera eby'emitendera egya wakati ebikozesebwa ebinene n'ebitongole bya prezidanyeempalo bya pulezi wa kampuni eyo byayo; okukubawo olukalala n'obusazeseetuka olw'obulungi.
Amakulu g’Ebitundu Ebirimu ng’Enjigiriza y’Omubi
Abasomesa n'abayizi balonda mu bifo ebirala okulondamu mu kiseera eky'ekiro, ne bakuba alipoota esobozesa okumanya eb'enkalakkalira, n'engeri gye balondamu. Biraga engeri ensonga z'omu kitundu n'ez'eggwanga gye bikwataganamu, era n'engeri abantu aba bulijjo gye bayinza okusengeka enkola za demokulase. Okwesomesa nga wakati era kulaga obukulu bw'okwegatta ku ggwanga okutali kwa ba prezidenti. Nga beekenneenya enkola za kampeereza, n'enkola ez'okukwata ku nkola za kaweefube, abo abayiga batandika okusiima ennyo enkyukakyuka ez'enkola ya demokulasenti.
Nga bwe weeyongera okugeenya, emirundi egisinga obungi emizannyo gy'okukuba obululu gijja kusigala nga gikulu. Okutegeera ebinaavaamu kikulu nnyo mu kumanyisa obutuuze. K'obe ng'oli muyizi, musomesa, oba omunonde anoonyezza, okutegeera obukulu bw'okulonda, kikuyamba okuddukanya eby'obufuzi era n'okwenyigira mu nkola ya demokulase.