Ensibuko y’Entalo: Ebizibu

Okusobola okutegeera obulungi amakulu g'entalo eyakolebwa mu Northern Ireland, omuntu alina okusooka okutegeera obukuubagano obw'amaanyi obwali buteekeddwawo okugonjoolebwa. Ebizibu ebyagootaanya mu Northern Ireland, ekiseera eky'okusigala mu United Kingdom, n'okukolagana n'eby'eddiini okwalimu obutuuti bwa Bakatuliki mu myaka gya 1960 okutuuka mu Kivumenti kya Good Frienth mu 1998, kyatta abantu 3,500 era ne kilekawo obukyayi mu nkalakkalira. Okulwanagana okw'amaanyi mu by'obupolobe n'eby'obuwaŋŋanguwa, obungi obwa Ireland ow'esudde amatwa (IRA) n'obuwaŋŋanguwa bw'eby'amagye, awamu n'obuwaze obw'amaanyi okuva mu ggwanga lya Bungereza.

Kaweefube oyo yatandika mu myaka gya 1970 ne 1980, naye nga wazzeewo okuddirira enfunda n'enfunda. Endagaano y'Abanglo - Irish eya 1985 yawa Republic of Ireland ekifo eky'okwebuuza mu nsonga z'omu Northern Ireland, naye yagaanibwa abagatta awamu. Emirembe gyayo gyeyongera nnyo mu 1990, nga bakubirizibwa emboozi ez'ekyamaamako, era n'abafuzi b'abakulembeze nga John Hume, David Trimble, Gerry Adams, ne Albert Reynolds. Enteekateeka ey'emirembe egy'olubeerera yagobererwa mu 10 Apulindimu 1998, emanyiddwa nga Good Agreementments, bwe yasssss.

Mu kiseera ekyo endagaano eyo yatongozebwa ab'obululu: 71% abavvunsi mu Northern Ireland ne 94% mu Republic of Ireland. Ekiragiro kino kya demokulase kyali kikulu nnyo. Good Foundation Aunter Aunter yatandikawo ekibiina: Strand One yatandikawo olukuŋŋaana olunene mu Northern Ireland era n'ebitundu bya bannaawula (gavumenti y'omu UK); Strand ne Conseasenti II, baatandikawo Olukiiko lw'obuvanjuba olw'obukulembeze mu Northern Ireland ne gavumenti za Ireland; ne Strand Thtt nes Thrents nesss'atonda Olukiiko lw'e Bungereza-Irish. Bwe kityo, Olukiiko lwe lukulu era lwakola okukakasa nti obukiiko bw'eggwanga n'obukulembeze bwa ggwanga byombi bikola wamu n'obukungu bwa ggwanga.

Emirandira egy’Okulagaana Okusooka

Ekiwandiiko ekiyitibwa Good Freeve Account ky'omulembe ogumu ogw'oku Lwokubiri, kirimu endagaano ey'enjawulo eyeesigamiziddwa ku misingi emingi: okukkiriza, okukolagana n'amaanyi, eddembe ly'abantu, n'okussa ekitiibwa mu bantu.

Ekimu ku bintu ebikolebwa ku b'obuyinza obukola ku b'obuyinza obufuga amawanga. Mminisita n'omumyuka w'Obwannakyewa eyasooka balondebwa wamu n'Enkuŋŋaana ku musaalaba era nga baagala obuwagizi okuva mu bitundu eby'enjawulo. Enteekateeka 11 ez'obukiiko n'eby'eggwanga biweebwa ebibiina nga bikozesa enkola eya d'Hondt, eyeesigamiziddwa ku kifo kyabyo mu Nkuŋŋaana ennene. Kino kikakasa nti n'ebibiina ebisinga obungi ebitawangula mituuti ebisingako bifuna ekifo mu gavumenti singa bisisinkana ekigobeeyaga. olukuŋŋaana olwo lwennyini lukozesa ekika kya d'Hondt (abasinga obungi mu nteekateeka y'obufunze mu buli kitundu kya 40% mu nteekateeka y'eggwanga) okusobola okuwangula ekifo kyonna, era luremesawo olumu ku kiwandikiro lwonna ku nsonga enkulu y'eggwanga.

Era Agument eggulawo ekika kya nteeko ya 'created' empya: "Ebkubo ek'okugobererwa kw'ayinza okuvaamu enkumbula y'amateeka. Ebyokulabirako bitwaliramu okulonda Scoumer, okukyuka kw'amateeka n'okussaawo enkyuka mu nkyusa z'enkyukakyuka. Enkola zino zikolebwa kukakaatika ku kweyisa n'okukolagana obulungi. Okutongoza ebyokulwanyisa ebya jaasi kyali kizibu kya maanyi nnyo, era kyatuuka ku buzibu bwa maanyi mu mwaka gwa 2005 nga bannakyewa w'obukulembeze. Policciant Service of Northern Ireland (PNI) n'okutuukiriza ebitego by'Abakatuliki ebitongole ebiwandibwa, n'okukulemberwa kw'okuva mu nkola obutongole obutongole obutongole obukola enkola y'okuzza obutongole obutongole ekiwanjulwa.

Emirimu n’Emiwendo gy’Olukuŋŋaana Olukulu olw’omu Northern Ireland

Olukuŋŋaana lwa Northern Ireland luggule sirvey ennegamenti, era nga 90 ku Bamamemba 90 ab'Ekkiiko Ekgeesaanye (MMLS), baalondebwa nga bakuba akalulu akanne waazo akakasasa. Olukuŋŋaana luno lwolulunga ne kakwata ku kussaawo eby'amateeka mu kifo kimu: eby'okulima, eby'obuyigirize, eby'obulamu, eby'obutebenke, eby'obutebenkevu, eby'enfuna, eby'obuwangwa, n'eby'emizannyo. Olukuŋŋaana olwo era luyinza okuteekawo amateeka ku "Okwasisa oba okutongoza oba okusemba ebimenyesa oba okusebwa mu lukujjuzizo olw'ensonga z'omukitundu, n'okukkaawerezebwa kwa Westminstern.

Olukuŋŋaana lulula omulimu gw'Akakiiko Akakulira omulimu nga kakozesa obukiiko obuwa ekitongole kya gavumenti. Obukiiko buno bukebera ebiwandiiko bya gavumenti. Obukiiko buno bukebera ebifa ku ssente, bulowooza ku nkola yaabwo, era buvunaanyizibwa ku baweereza. Olukuŋŋaana luno era lulina ennyimba ezisaba enkyuukako, ezikkiriza 30 'MMML' okwetaasa obusawo obw'omusalo ku tteeka eriteeteetebwawo, ne kiziyiza abasinga obungi obutateekako n'ensonga ez'ekika kya gavumenti. Kino kitera okukosebwa okulemesa amateeka agabaamu, naddala mu bufumbo obw'ensimbi n'okuggyamu embuto z'amasazeeko, okutuusa nga mu mateeka ga Westminster.

Nga wayiseewo amateeka, Olukuŋŋaana olwo luggulawo ebiwaanyi ebiwaanyi eby'obufuzi, nga bitegeeza endowooza ez'enjawulo. Lubuuza ebibuuzo, kwekenneenya okulondebwa kwa bantu bonna, era n'empaka ezikwata ku ngeri gye kiyinza okuganyula eggwanga gamba nga Brexit. Akulira akakiiko akatuula awamu n'Akakiiko k'Enkuŋŋaana ennene kakakasa nti teriimu busosoze. Akakiiko ka ka kategekedde ebintu by'ekibiina, abakozi, n'enkola y'enmalirira y'enkola. Olukuŋŋaana era era lulina kinene nnyo mu n'obulambe mu ntegeka bw'ensi yonna, naddala okuyitira mu Nkuŋŋaana ya Bungereza era n'obuwagiziina bw'e Bulaayawundiikiina bwa Bulaaya.

'Alenti-Akarping' - Inkola: Akozesa ekitundu ekiragibwa nga kikozesa 'Awagizi'

Omukungu ow'omu Northern Ireland y'abeera omumyuka w'Ow'Obwannakyemalira eyasooka, omumyuka w'Ow'obukulembeze Obusooka (akolera wamu ne bannabyabufuzi) era n'abakungu 10 abalondebwa ab'ekitongole d'Hondt. Omuweereza n'omumyuka w'Omukungu eyasooka balondebwa wamu n'Enkuŋŋaana ez'oku ntikiwandiiko ku musaalaba. Balina embeera ze zimu era bakolera wamu ku ku kusalawo, nga bateekawo embalirira y'embalirira oba abasomesa. Enteekateeka eno eraga nti tewali kibiina kyonna kiyinza kufuga kibiina kirala.

Ekiragiro ekifuga ettuluba ly'abawagizi kiyinza kukolebwa singa abagatte bakkirizibwa okwenyigira mu kiwandikiro n'ekitongole kya ggwanga kimu kivaawo. Singa wabaawo ekiwandikiro kyonna, ekiwandikiro kyonna kiwambuluka. Kino kibaddewo emirundi mingi: ebiseera ebisinga obungi eby'okukomya amakonko bye byaliwo mu 2000, 2002-2007, era nga gye buvuddeko awo okuva mu 2017-2020 mu kifo eky'ekikolwa eky'obuswazi ekimanyiddwa nga Recimentive Inteventive. Buli kabenje ke kalina okuwakana okw'amaanyi wakati w'ekibiina kya UK ne Irlands. Gavumenti eza gavumenti z'ekirwawo mu nsi ya UK zisobola okuzzaawo ebitongole ebikola. Amaawugaalimu ne gawoonoona ebiva mu London, era nga eyo si ntuufu, era nga gyegasse nnyo.

Okusala entegeka si kizibu nnyo, kubanga Addisity akozesa enkola y'enkola eno ateekwa okuteekamu ebintu mu bitongole byonna awamu n'okumatiza ebiva mu kussaawo enkola eyo. Ebbula ly'obuteeziyiza mu ngeri y'enkola eyo ey'okugigobereranga ebyasooka, naye mu myaka 2022 egyakayita, endagaano empya ey'okukwata ku nkwata n'okukwataganya ewandikiro ereetebwawo okuwakanya ebibiina ebigasa obukwasiddwa obukwasitu. Kino kisobozesezza abantu okweyongera okunoonyereza n'okuvunaanyizibwa.

Enkola z’Abantu n’Ebyo Bye Bakola

ML nga bwe kiteekwa okulaga nti be bali mu bumu, bannaggwanga, oba nti bateekeddwawo olukalala lwa bantu abali mu kibiina. Kino kitegeeza nti omusaalaba gulina okuyisibwa nga "ekirango," nga gulina okuweebwa ebigambo (a) bingi ku buli bantu abali mu kibiina kyonna, nga bassawo n'abasinga obungi (ku musingi gwa 'sociations) oba (b) 60% ey'ebitundu byonna ebirina ebitundu nga biriko 40 ku buli kikumi eby'empandiikibwamu. Ekiragiro kino kiteekwa okugattira ku guluunyibwa mu ggwanga. Mu ngeri y'emu, amateeka agasinga obungi gakkirizibwa ku bantu aba bulijjo, naye agasinga obungi gatwalibwa ng'obugunjuzi, n'obulombolombo obusinga okuleetera abantu okutambula, n'okusiikirizaamu omusalati ogutalimu.

Kampani eno ewayiriziddwa olw'okuleetawo obubiinabiina obw'ekika ekimu, nga MLS ewalirizibwa okumanyisa obutuufu bw'ekika mu kifo eky'endowooza emu. Ebiwayi ebimu, nga Alliance Party, byewaliriz'okugiggyamu. Kyokka, enkola eno esigalako eggukako eggumba eririna ennungi ey'okukuuma ebitiibwa. Kwegayirira ku nsonga ezikwata ku bantu ab'ekika ekimu, ekisobozesa 30 MMLS okwekobera olukusa olw'omusalo ku nsonga yonna, okukozesebwa mu ngeri entuufu; ng'ekyokulabirako, Democratic Union Party (DuP) ekitongole ekimanyiddwa nga kiziyiza obufumbo obw'obutundu obutono.

Okusoomooza n’Ebizibu: Okuyuza, Okuzimbulukuka, n’Okuzzaawo

Olukuŋŋaana lwalimu ebizibu bingi. Ababeseri abaasooka baagobererwa mu Maayi 2000 nga waakayita emyezi mitono oluvannyuma lw'okufuga, kubanga IRA yali tegiggyeeko byakulwanyisa. Oluvannyuma lwa Mitchell Review, Peter Mandelson, eyali Ssenkudden wa State for Northern Ireland, n'asimba essomero. Mu Maayi 2000, oluvannyuma lw'okuva mu IRA n'okuva mu buyinza. Ekiragiro kyagonjola okuva mu mwezi gwa Ogwokutaano 2002 okutuuka mu Maayi 2007, oluvannyuma lw'okugamba nti Ssunsont, mu kiseera kino, Ireland yaddamu okuziikibwawo nga y'ogattidde abantu baayo.

Ekitongole ekiyitibwa St Andrews Acces Acception ekya 2006 kyasobozesa eddiini okuddamu okuzimbibwa. Kyasaba DIP okukkiriza amaanyi agafuga amagye n'ag'omu Sinn Féin okuwagira obupoliisi n'obwenkanya. Ekika kya Democratic Unionic Paisley, ne Sinn Féin, nga bikulemberwa Gerry Adams, kyakkiriza okukolagana mu buyinza, era olukuŋŋaana olwo ne Paisley mu 2007 ne Martin McGuin ye mumyuka w'Obwannakyewa w'obwannakyewa. Ekiseera kino eky'obutebe obw'okuddaabikkusirwa kyatandika okutuusa mu Jjanwali 2017, bwe kyavaako obuswavumu obuppya obwali buva mu ku nteekateeka ey'amaanyi mu bungi eyavanga mu ku ssente zzaala zzaala.

Emyaka esatu egyaddirira, gyali gikyasinzeeyo okuba egya waggulu nga tewakyali gavumenti. Gavumenti ya UK ne Ireland zaamenya endagaano eya New Expine Excurream mu Jjanwali 2020, eyazzaawo enkyukakyuka mu bibiina nga mw'otwalidde n'okuziyiza okw'amaanyi, ennimi empya n'obuwangwa (nga mw'otwalidde n'obukuumi bw'olulimi olw'e Irish n'obukaawuka bwa Ulster-Scots), era n'enkyukakyuka mu k'okukakaawerebwa akattuuti eri'okuziyiza okutulugulwa.

Brexit yaleetawo okusoomooza kwa maanyi mu ndagaano ey'okukkiriziganya Ekiramu eky'oku Lwokubiri. Okuva mu kibiina kya EUU ne kissaawo ensalo ey'amaanyi ku kizinga kya Ireland, eyaleetawo akabenje mu nkyukakyuka mu ngeri ey'emirembe. Oluvannyuma, mu Northern Ireland Protood Tramed, waddawo Paractive de Wind Ireland, yakolera wamu n'amateeka g'omubukiika kkono ne mu kampuni y'Ebugwanjuba bwa EUP. Okusalawo kwatandikawo ekika kya Union, naddala Nhlangano gwa Thupi (DUP), ne guba nga gulina akabi ku Nkiikakko mu UK era oluvannyuma ne gukozesa ettutumu ly'obuleeteewa w'enkuŋŋaana. Envirookita z'obuvuzi za Buvanyuma (2022) tezaakkiriza okukolebwa kw'okuva mu ggwanga eryo okumanyibwa okutuusa mu Febwali 2024, bwe gwak'enkola ku mateeka agamu empya.

Mu bizibu bino byonna, buli lukiiko lukiraze nti lusobodde okwaŋŋanga embeera enzibu. Buli kibiina kikakasa obumalirivu bw'abantu bonna – n'abo abawakanya Protocol – emitindo gya Kivumenti Ekitongole ekikola ku Lwokubiri. Ekibiina ekyo kyawonawo olw'okuba tewaliwo kirala kiso.

Emiganyulo gy’Enfuna n’Eby’Eby’Eby’Enfuna

Enkuŋŋaana ennene yaleetawo enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi okusinga eby'obufuzi. Emirembe egyagawulwamu gireeseewo okusuubula eby'enfuna, obulambuzi, n'obukugu. Ekibuga Belfast kikyuse, nga kirimu obwenyi obupya, ebikolerwamu, ebisulo, n'ebifo ebirala nga Titanic Quarter. Ekitongole ekirabirira eby'eby'okuzimba ebizimbe, nga mw'otwalidde n'okugaziwa kw'ekiddukano kya Belfast City Aibutier. Enkyukakyuka mu by'eby'enjigiriza, enkulaakulana mu by'obulamu, ne kaweebitundu eby'okuteekamu amayumba biganyudde abantu mu ngeri ya njawulo.

Kyokka, enjawukana mu bubiinabiina zikyali mu kuzimba amayumba, mu by'enjigiriza, era ne mu bulamu. Ebitundu nga 90 ku buli kikumi eby'abaana bayigirizibwa mu ssemazinga (singa ba Protestente) oba Abakatuliki. Bbugwe wa mirembe gukyasala enjawukana mu bantu mu Belfast. Olukuŋŋaana lwasemba okugonjoola ensonga zino nga luyita mu Ssekukkulu: Okuzimba akakwakkulizo n'okuwaayo ssente mu mirimu gy'empukulwa kw'empuku. Ofiisi y'Ofiisi n'omumyuka w'Omukulembeze eyasooka eteekateeka programme e Cohesion, Pargation, ne Integration.

Era Olukuŋŋaana olwo lwateekawo etteeka ekkulu erikwata ku nsonga ezaali zimaze okusambibwa, nga ligamba nti obufumbo obw'okwegatta ku bulimba (obwagattibwa mu 2020 oluvannyuma lw'okuyingira mu nsonga za Westminster) era n'okuggyamu embuto (era ne Westminster bwe yakkiriza). Olw'okuba wabaddewo ekiseera kiwanvu nga n'Akakiiko k'Abeefuga kalina okuba nga kalina kaagire nga kalina ensonga nnyingi tezigobererwa, naye nga zizziddwawo, kilaze nti obufumbo busobola okugoberezebwa ku nsonga eziba nga zeetaagisa.

Embeera Eriwo mu Kiseera Kino n’Ebijja

Mu mwaka gwa 2025, Olukuŋŋaana lwa Northern Ireland luweddeko. Mwannyinaffe eyasooka ye Michelle O'N’Neill (Sin Féin) era omumyuka w'Ominisita eyasooka ye Emma Little-Pengelly (Dupul), era alaga nti Sinn Féin's kye kiwangudde mu byafaayo era nti ekibiina ekisingayo okuba ekya waggulu mu kulonda okwa 2022. Omuntu akulira mu kibiina ayolekagana n'okusoomooza okw'amaanyi: obuweereza bw'eby'obulamu obutali bulungi, ebiwandikiddwa mu nsa, ebizibu by'amayumba, n'ebbeebbeeyi bw'okupikirizibwa. Ebizibu tebigonjoogobe nga bigobererwa, era n'abantu bangi baagala okuwangula okuva ku kiteesomero ebiyitibwa Legacylinment (okusinziira ku kiteesomero z'amateeka).

Ekitongole ekikolera ku nsalo z'ebitundu eby'omu nsi yonna (Windsor Framework) ne 2024 "Okukuuma Enkola y'obumu" kyereeseteese ebintu ebimu ebiba by'obumu naye obukuubagano obw'amaanyi bukyaliwo. Ekiragiro kya Synn Féin kyeyongera okukankano mu kunoonyereza okugattika ensalo za Ireland. Olukuŋŋaana olwo lwe kifo okwolesebwa kuno okutakwatagana we kulina okugattira kudda mu nnyinyo. Obusobozi bwakwo okusobola okukola ku k'obweyagaza ku mirimu gyo gyonna egizingirwa ku Lwo ku Lwokutaano.

Okunoonyereza kwalaga nti abantu bangi mu Northern Ireland beetamiddwa obutaba na nkolagana nnungi mu by'obufuzi. Wadde kiri kityo, ku lukuŋŋaana olwo kwokka okusobola okugonjoola gavumenti enzivuunvu. Okubeerawo kwayo kuziyiza okugattika obufuzi obutereevu, era n'okuteekawo obwegugungo mu nsi eyo, kiremesa ettemu okuddamu. Emirembe gyo tegikoma. Omuntu okusobola okudda mu kifo ekyo, alina okuba n'okuterekawo emirembe, n'okuwonawo kwe kuba mu Northern Ireland.

Akawunzi: Omulimu ogw’Olubeerera

Olukuŋŋaana olunene olw'omu Northern Ireland lusingawo ku kakiiko akakola eby'amateeka; kabonero akatuuka ku buwanguzi mu kukyusa abantu abatabalibwa mu ntalo ne bafuuka abo abaagala okutabagana. Wadde nga lwesittala, lwesibe, nga luwanikiddwa, era nga lunywezezza ku kkomo, terulemererwanga butaggwaawo. Buli kizibu kibadde kizingirwamu okukkirizibwamu okuteesa okuppya, okusinga okuzingiramu gavumenti za Bungereza ne Irlands ezikola nga ziyambisibwa abakkujjuulizza. Amaanyi ga kassekati ga Bussel'okukolagana, aganyweemye emisingi egikwata ku ku ku kukkiriza n'okuwaŋŋana ekitiibwa, era nga ganywezezza obukyayibwa mu bya bufuzi.

Olukuŋŋaana olwo terugonjoola njawukana zonna eziri mu Northern Ireland. Lukwata ku kufuga obutategeeragana obwo, nga luleetawo okukaayana mu lukiiko lw'amakanisa ne gavumenti ez'awumbi ezikola awamu mu kifo ky'ettemu. Olukuŋŋaana olwo luwa abantu b'omu Northern Ireland eddoboozi – – olutatuukiridde, olutategeerekeka – okutuusa eddoboozi. Nga eddoboozi eryo liriko obulombolombo obwo, Endagaano Ennungi ey'Okutaano ejja kweyongera. Olukuŋŋaana terukoma ku mirembe; lwa mirembe; lubeerawo lwa lunaku lwa lunaku.

Endagaano si y'okugonjoolera awamu, wabula egenda kugonjoolwa, era etegekebwa ng'enkuŋŋaana ennene zikola omulimu ogw'amaanyi ogw'okutabaganya abantu ab'ebika bibiri, n'okukolagana mu ngeri ez'enjawulo.

Okusobola okwongera ku by'osoma, genda ku mukutu oguzuulidwa mu bukiika obwa Northern Ireland , [[FLT]]W'Akabonero [[, osobole okukanoonyereza ku [[[FLT:]] Times Good Desert Accession []]

Mu biseera eby'omu maaso, enkuŋŋaana ennene zijja kukebera obanga ddala enkuŋŋaana ennene zibaddemu okunoonyereza okulala okulala, omuwendo gw'abantu okusaasaana, n'obubonero bwa Brexit. Naye ebyafaayo by'ensi n'ebibiina bwe bimanyibwa, ebikolerwamu bimanyiira embeera y'emirembe. Olukuŋŋaana lwa Northern Ireland lwe lusigala nga lunywevu mu kuleetawo emirembe, nga bukakafu obulaga nti abafuzi mu by'obufuzi balonda obuyinza obuyinza ku nsalo, era nga abantu mu bitundu eby'ensi bye balonze okuzimba ebiseera eby'omu maaso.