Table of Contents

Okutandika: Empagi Ebbiri ez’Obwenkanya

Enkola y'amateeka mu Amerika era n'ebiwandiiko ebirala bingi ebigoberera amateeka ga gavumenti biri ku mpagi bbiri enkulu: amateeka ga gavumenti n'amateeka agamenyi b'amateeka. Nga bakolagana mu kugonjoola obutakkaanya n'okukuuma emirembe, nga bagoberera amateeka ag'enjawulo, emitindo n'ebigendererwa. Omuntu yenna eyayisibwa obubi alina okuyisibwa mu tsomero.[1] Ka kibe nga kivudde ku ndagaano eyamenyebwa, akabenje, oba ekikolwa eky'amateeka ekikolebwako, emirundi ebirina musingi kwe kiyinza okugonjoola enjawulo wakati w'okusasula enzijanjaba oba okulaba nga ekolebwako. Akulakulaze ono annyonnyola enjawulo, buli ttabi likuwabulako, era n'empalago z'osobola okukukolako ng'onoonyezza obusanyusi.

Okutegeera Amateeka ga Mwenkanya

Obutafaananako mateeka ga bamenyi b'amateeka, eggwanga si kibiina; mu kifo ky'ekyo, omuntu awulira nga ayisiddwa bubi ategeeza omuntu oba ekintu kye batwala okuba nga kye kyakosa (omuwaabirwa). Ekigendererwa ekikulu eky'amateeka kwe kusobozesa ekibinja ekyo okuddamu okukolebwako nga kisasula ssente so si okubonereza omwonoonyi.

Obugwanjuba n’Ebifo Byabwo

Gavumenti tesalira mukungu omusango; kino kitegeeza nti oyo avunaanibwa aba alina obujulizi obw'okulonda n'okulaga nti omusango gw'azza gulina okukolebwa.

Ekiruubirirwa: Okusasula, so si Kubonerezebwa

Omutemu oguyinza okugonjoolwa mu mateeka ga gavumenti bulijjo ziba zikosa ssente. Kkooti eyinza okuwa abawa enguzi okusasulira ebisawo ebiba bifiiridde ddala (essente z'ekisawo, empeera efiirwa, okuddaabiriza ebintu) era oluusi, ebisasulwa okusobola okuziyiza nnaddala ebikolwa ebikyamu. Ate era waliwo n'okugonjola enkola (okuwaliriza akakiiko k'ekibiina okulekayo okukola endagaano) oba ebiragiro (okutegeka ekitongole okuleka omulimu ogw'okukola). Jail tekisinziira ku nkola ya ggwanga.

Obukakafu: Obukakafu Obukwata ku Buwandiike

Omusango gulina okusalirwa omumenyi w'amateeka okulaga obujulizi obutuufu okusinziira ku . Kino kitegeeza nti obujulizi buteekwa okulaga nti omuwawaabi akkirizibwa okuvunaanibwa okusinga aw'omumenyi w'amateeka. Kino kye kimu ku mutindo ogwa wansi ennyo ku gwa “bukakafu obw'amaanyi.” Era ekivuddemu, omuwaabi ayinza okufiirwa omusango gwa gavumenti wadde nga tebamuvunaana olw'omusango.

Engeri Ezitera Okubaawo ng’Abatuuze Batuvunaana

Waliwo obukuubagano bwa maanyi nnyo obuva mu mateeka g’omu kitundu.

  • [[AWULA:0] Enkaayana:[[FUT:1] Empalana, okuva ku kookolo ez'emirimu okutuuka ku ndagaano ez'okutunda. Ekyokulabirako: Omusuubuzi alemererwa okuleeta ebintu bye wasasulira.
  • Ebiragiro [[NKULU] Tort bigamba:[[[Act:1] obukyasing'obwa bulijjo obuleetera obubenje oba okufiirwa. Bino bitwaliramu obutafaayo (obubenje bw'emmotoka, enkola y'ekisawo etali ya nkola ntuufu), torts (assault, assignsion), n'obubonero obunene (ebiva mu bintu ebikolebwamu obukoledwa).
  • [[AKATANDIKI]] Obutakkaanya:[[AK'AKATANDIKA], enkaayana ez'amaanyi ezitakwatagana, oba ebibanja ebiyinza okugulibwa ebibye.
  • Etteeka ly'omu Maka:[[AK'AKATAMU] okugattululwa, okukuza abaana, n'okukuza abaana.
  • [[Akabonero:0] era n'okukaayana kw'eby'obugagga:[[AK'AWATANDIKA] Obuzibu mu kukwasisa by'oyagala okukola oba mu kuddukanya ebizingirwamu mu by'obudde.

Ekiragiro kino kisobozesa omulimu ogwakolebwanga abakungu ba gavumenti okuyingira mu mazzi.

Okutegeera Etteeka ly’Omumenyi w’Amateeka

Ekiragiro kino kifuga engeri gye kikwata ku mpisa embi ezitwalibwa ng'ez'akabi ennyo eri abantu bonna ne kiba nti tekikkirizibwa nga tteeka. Gavumenti eno ekiikirira omuwaabi w'oludda oluwaabi (munnamateeka, munnamateeka oba munnabyabufuzi ow'Amerika).Nonese omusango oguvunaanibwa (oyo avunaanibwa omusango). Ekigendererwa ekikulu kwe kubonereza oyo eyagiwaayiriziddwa era n'okuziyiza obumenyi bw'emisango egibaawo mu biseera eby'omu maaso, bwe kityo ne kikuuma abantu.

Gavumenti ng’Omukoza

Mu kifo ky'okuyisa obujulizi ku bamenyi b'amateeka, omuwaabi asalawo obanga anaakwatibwa, era gavumenti esalirawo oba anaavunaana oba anaavunaanibwa.

Ekigendererwa: Okubonerezebwa n’Okwesittala

Okubonerezebwa kusobola okuleetera omuntu okubonerezebwa ng’akoze ekibi, n'abalala obutakola kye kimu.

Obukakafu: Awatali Kubuusabuusa

Ekiragiro kino kitegeeza nti omumenyi w'amateeka alina okutongoza ddala obujulizi obwa waggulu: nga tayitirizza bulungi. Kino kitegeeza nti omumenyi w'amateeka alina okutongoza ddala buli nsonga yonna ne kiba nti si kyangu mu birowoozo by'oyo avunaanibwa omusango okumulumiriza omusango. Omugugu guno ogw'amaanyi gukuuma abantu okuva ku ndowooza enkyamu era ne gulaga ebyava mu kusala omusango.

Ekiraga nti Obweyamo bw’Ebibi bwakolebwa

Emisango ng’egyo gigabanyizibwamu mu biti bisatu:

  • Obubonero obw'amaanyi:[[Akabonero:1] emisango egy'amaanyi gisalibwa omwaka gumu mu kkomera. Eby'okulabirako: okutta, okukwata, okukumpanya emmundu, n'okunyazesa emmundu.
  • [[[NT:0]] Misdemers: Obumenyi bw'amateeka obutono obuva mu kibonerezo ekimu mu makomera obunene obuba tebulina kuweza mwaka gumu. Eby'okubba, okulumya obuyingizi, DUI (ekibi ekisooka), n'okubikkula ebintu.
  • [[AK'AKA]] obusobe obutono: obumenya amateeka emirundi egisinga obungi gabasalirwa nga basasula bbeeyi ate nga tewali kiseera kya makomera. Eby'okulabirako: amatikiti g'ebidduka, ebisasiro, n'ebiragiro ebimenyedwa mu ddoboozi.

USA.gov Kino kiyamba mu kunoonya ebiragiro eby'omumenyi w'amateeka[[[LT:1]

Enjawulo Enkulu Ebiri mu Mateeka ga Bannaggwanga n’Agaanyi

Wano wammanga waliwo ebintu eby’enjawulo.

Ebyetaagisa

[[NKULULA] KIYIRI: Olupapula olw'omu nviromenti vs. Omuwayirwa obwa obwa nnannyini (kiyinza okuzingiramu ebibiina bya gavumenti singa gavumenti ewerebwa, ng'ekyokulabirako, okukwattulula endagaano).
Crimenarime:[[ Gavumenti [empandika]] v. Omuwaayitirizi yenna bw'aba nga ya kuyitisseemu .

Kigendererwa

[[AGUMENTI:0] Kivil:[[[AGUMENTI]] Kafiiriza omukosebwa n'okugonjoolerako enkaayana eziba zizzewo mu kyama.[[KITANDIKI] [[O]] [[O] era n'empalana: okubonereza oyo eyasobeddwa, okukomyawo obumenyi bw'amateeka, n'okukuuma n'okutegeka mu nsonga ezimenyesa.

Omugugu ogw’Obukakafu

[[Akawayiro:0]] Kivil:[[[Akawayiro:1] Era FamilyStylential progress (obujulizi obusukka mu 50%).
[[KY'OKUMALIRA]]][[]] Okw'awutatadde mu ngeri etaguddewo okubuusabuusa (osobola okutuukirira 95 2999% bukakafu).

Ebivaamu n’Enkola ez’Okubikolako

[[AK'OKUMENTI]] KIYIRI:[ Ebibala olw'okusasula (okusasula, okulagibwa). Ekiragiro kino kitegeka nti ebikolebwamu biteekwa okukolebwa.[[KITANDIKI]] Kiragiro ekisabidwa:[ Okusibibwa, ebisabidwa mu gavumenti, okusasulwa, okukolebwako, okusasulirako, okusasula (emirundi egisinga obungi kiragiro kya kibonerezo ekiva mu lukalala olw'omusango).

Nninda Eddembe ly’Omu Ddoboozi

Civil: You have the right to hire a lawyer, but the government does not provide one if you cannot afford it. Many people represent themselves in small claims court.
Criminal: The Sixth Amendment guarantees the right to an attorney for all criminal prosecutions, and if you cannot afford one, the court must appoint one (public defender).

Okugezesebwa kwa Jury

[[NKULULA] KIYIRI: Awali obunene mu mbeera nnyingi, naye nga tewakakasa obungi obwa nnamba. Obunene bwa Jury butera kuba butono (umg., bajulirwa mukaaga mu kkooti nnyingi ez'ensi).
era kiragiro kya:[ Kino kikakasa ebibi eby'amaanyi (abo abasalirwa omusango nga wayiseewo emyezi egisukka mu mukaaga mu kkomera). Ekiragiro kitabakunguzi ekya 12 kiteekwa okusobola okufuna omusango oguvaako.

Obukakafu ku Bunafu

[[NKULA] KIYIRI: Kino kitegeeza nti ekika eky'omunga ekyo kyekimu, nga kitwaliramu 1=6 emyaka egy'obulumi obw'ekika kya nukuta, obuwanvu bwagwo obuba buyimirizidwa olw'obulumi obw'ekika kya nnawo olusooka.
[[FLT]]MENTE] EMYAKA egisangidwamu ginne wagibwamu emyaka nga 3.2] Ennakumbo ez'amaanyi ziyinza okuggibwawo mu kumenyebwa konte naye tezirina kkomo lya biseera.[[FLT:][FLT]][FLT]] Kino kitera okubeera kyenkanankanankanankana emirundi mingi, ate n'obukabaluungi obw'amaanyi nga n'okutta.

Kubanga amateeka gano gaawukana okusinziira ku buyinza, buli kiseera buuza munnamateeka ow'omu kitundu. Ekitundu ku mateeka agafuga ebizitowa kisobola okuwa kkomo ekkomo ekkakafu.

Ddi lw’Oyinza Okutereeza Amateeka g’Omunda?

Kiyinzika okuba nti amateeka ga gavumenti gaakukosa oba gakukosa mu by'enfuna era nga tegazingiramu kumenya mateeka, “‘ oba, ’ oba nga gakuyisa bubi, naye nga oyagala okuwona ssente.

  • [[Act:0] Ekiragiro omulimu bwe gukolebwa, enkima yagwo gituukiriza endagaano nga bwe gwakagwa, ne kiviirako okufiirwa.
  • [[AKITANDIKA:0] Obulumi obwa buli muntu kinnoomu:[[[KIRAGIRO:1] Oba ekikolwa kye ekyakolebwa mu bugenderevu, byakosa omubiri. Ne bwe kiba nga ekikolwa ekyo kyali kibi oba kimenyese, osobola okulumiriza mu bantu olw'ebyo ebiba bikosezza.
  • [[AKATANDIKWA] Omutawaana gukosa emmotoka, ennyumba, oba ebintu ebirala.[[AK'AWULA:1]
  • [[AGUMENTI]:[[AK'AWULA:1] Ebigambo eby'obulimba byonoona erinnya lyo.
  • [[AK'AKATANDIKA] Obubonero wakati w'okukoma ku:[[AK'AWATANDIKWA] Obukyamu, obusosoze, oba empeera etasasulwa.
  • Ziba za Obungi bw'ebifo mu kifo kino:[[FULT:1] obutereeze obwa bulijjo buleetera obukalu, okugobebwa awatali nsonga, oba okulemererwa okukuuma ebifo eby'oku kizinga.

Ebintu by’Osaanidde Okwogerako nga Tonnaba Kukwata Ludda lw’Omunda

Empeera n’Ebiseera

Okusattulula ensonga kuyinza okugula ssente nnyingi era ne kitwala ssente ntono. Ssente ezisaasaanyizibwa mu kkooti, ssente ezisasulwa, ssente ezisasulwa mu ngeri y'okulabiriramu ebikolerwamu, n'ebbeeyi y'okuzuula ebizuuliddwa, nazo ziyongera mangu mangu. Wadde nga owangudde, okukuŋŋaanya ekibonerezo kiyinza okuba kizibu singa omuwayitidwa aba abuze ebintu.

Obukakafu Obusobola Okuwa

Bw'olaba nti obujulizi bunafu, toyinza kussa kitiibwa mu kkooti. okukuŋŋaanya ebiwandiiko, okwogera n'obujulizi nga bukyali, n'okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezikwata ku nsonga z'amakampuni, oba okusaasaanya alipoota, oteekwa okuba ng'obivumirira nnyo.

Obukakafu ku Bunafu

Kyokka, bw’omala okufa, tojja kusobola kutuuka ku kiseera ekyo.

Kifaananako Okuwona

Ne bwe kiba nti omuwawawaayiriza yawangulwa dda, singa aweebwa ssente naye nga tasoose kuwandiika ssente ze, kiyinza okuviirako okuwona ebisago by'omulwadde.

Ekiseera eky’Okukyusa Amateeka Agakwata ku Bumenyi bw’Amateeka

Bw’oba wasalirwa omusango, ekintu ky’olina okusooka okukola kwe kutegeeza abalamuzi nti osaanidde okuwozesebwa, naye osaanidde okukolera ku bulagirizi obuweebwa.

  • [[Akabonero:0] obumenyi bw'amateeka bukolebwa: Akasa, batrie, obuyinja, okutta, ettemu mu maka.
  • [[AK'AMULA] Obumenyi bw'amateeka n'obumenyi bw'ebintu: Obukyayi, obubbi bwa mmotoka, obukumpanya.
  • [[Akawayiro:0] Obubi obuli mu luguudo:[[FLT]] NOOV, okubunyisa, okubunika.
  • [[Act:0] emisango gy'abazungu emirundi mingi egikolebwa ku makya n'ebikolebwako ebikolebwa ku makya: obubambo, obuwayi bw'omusolo, n'obuwaze obw'omu misolo.
  • '[[:0] Amateeka agafuga enfuga ez'ekika kya Poublic' gaagwa:[[[FULT:1] Guttumbula ebimenyedwa mu kuvuga emmotoka, obutakola bulungi, n'okumenya ebyokulwanyisa.

Ekifo Kyo mu Bikolwa eby’Obumenyi bw’amateeka

Obutafaananako omukungu wa gavumenti, ggwe tosobola kufuga musango ogwo.

  • Baako ne ky’okolawo mu kunoonyereza ng’owa obujulizi.
  • Bw’aba asalira omulamuzi omusango, saba aweebwe ekiwandiiko ekirina kye kiyinza okukwata ku muntu amenyese.
  • Saba okusasula ng’ekitundu ky’ekibonerezo ky’omumenyi w’amateeka (omu kkooti eragira oyo akuvunaanibwa okukusasula olw’okufiirwa).
  • Beerawo n’otegeezebwa ku kukulaakulana kw’omusango (amateeka g’eddembe ly’omuntu galina okulagira kino mu bitundu bingi).

Singa Omumenyi w’Amateeka Tabaawo

Abawaabi bawabulirwa n'amagezi era bayinza okugaana okuwandiisa obubaka mu fayiro singa obujulizi tebumala, oba nga anyaze tagoberera mateeka. Mu mbeera ng'ezo, bayinza okutongoza omusango mu kkooti.

Okukuba Emiggo Ennyo: Amateeka ga Bannaggwanga n’Agw’Abamenyi b’Amateeka Bwe Gasisinkana

Embeera nnyingi ez'ensi zitwaliramu obumenyi bw'amateeka n'obukyamu. Ekyokulabirako ekimanyiddwa ennyo ye musango oguyitibwa O.J.Simpson: Simpson yaggibwako omusango ogw'okutta omuntu mu kkooti (mu ngeri eyo eya waggulu) naye n'asangibwa ng'asaanidde okufiira mu bukyamu mu kkooti ya gavumenti (obujulizi obulaga nti obujulizi bulaga). Kino kiraga engeri ekikolwa ekyo gye kiyinza okuviirako okutongoza emisango ebiri egy'enjawulo era n'ebivuddemu ebyawukana.

Embeera ezigattiddwa mwe muli:

  • [[AK:0] Assault ne bateri: Omuntu ayinza okutegeeza poliisi omusango era n'avuna afuna ebisaze.
  • [[Akawuka] Akabenje ak'okuvuga nga takyawanya:[[[AGUMENT] Omuvuzi ayolekaganye n'abamenyi b'amateeka abawaayiriza DUI era omuntu aba atuusiddwako ebisago avunaanibwa olw'obulumi.
  • [[Aka '[:0] Fraud':[ Gayinza okuleeta obulyi bw'abamenyi b'amateeka nga ate abo ababa bakosezza ebisago mu kkooti ne basasula oba ne babaako ebisago ebiba bibavaako.
  • [[AGUMENTI]] Empalana ey'ekika:[[[FULT:1] Enzire mu kutulugunya, awamu n'ebikolwa ebikolebwa abantu olw'okukukuuma n'okuboonyaabonya.

Omumenyi w’amateeka ayinza okuyamba omumenyi w'amateeka okutongoza ensonga kubanga oyo avunaanibwa ayinza okuziyizibwa okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezimu (colteral estopel). Ku luuyi olulala, omuntu bw’avunaanibwa omusango, taziyiza kkooti kuvunaanibwa olw’obukakafu obwawukana.

Ebiyinza Okukolebwa Okusobola Okukendeeza ku Bunafu bw’Abalala

Omutendera 1: Lowooza ku Mbeera

Singa wabaawo akubba ebintu byo, bitegeeze poliisi. Bwe baamenya endagaano, tuukirira looya mu mateeka.

Omutendera ogw'Okubiri: Munoonye Obukakafu

Awandiike buli kimu: ebifaananyi, vidiyo, amasiimu, obusawo bw'ekisawo, obubaka obukwata ku ssimu, n'obujulizi obukwata ku nsonga z’abantu.

Omutendera 3: [ Ekifaananyi ekiri ku lupapula 32]

Bw'obaako obumenyi bw'amateeka obuba bubaddewo, tegeeza 911 oba ekitongole kya poliisi eky'omu kitundu kyo.Fireeropooti etegeeza alipoota ey'ekkomera n'ey'omukungu anoonyereza ku nsonga.

Omutendera ogw’Okuna: Weekenneenye Atchorney

Ku nsonga ezikwata ku bantu, funa omutemu akwate olukusa (ebirungo, endagaano, amateeka g'amaka).

Omutendera ogw'Okutaano: Lowooza ku Kusoomooza Okulala Okuyinza Okugonjoolwa

Entalo nnyingi ezibaawo mu bitundu ebyo zisobola okugonjoolebwa nga tewali azeesazesezza.

Omutendera 6: Manya Enkola Yo

Abayimirizibwako balina obusobozi: okubeerawo nga batwalibwa, okwogera nga basalirawo omusango, era n'okusasula ebibala. Mu bitundu bingi, osobola okutegeka ekiragiro eky'okukuuma abantu okuva ku gavumenti, awatali kubateeyisa mu misango. Office eri abo abakosebwa Crime (OVC) kyewakikolerawo gavumenti z'eggwanga.

Olugero: Okusalawo mu Ngeri Entuufu ey’Obwenkanya

Amateeka ga gavumenti gayamba abantu okufuna eddembe ery’okweyimirizaawo n’okukwasisa eddembe lyabwe ery’okwesalirawo, ate amateeka gakuuma abantu era gabonereza abantu mu bukyamu.

Abantu bangi bakola ebintu nga bino mu kiseera kye kimu: okutegeeza abapoliisi omusango era n'okusala omusango mu kkooti z'amateeka. Okukola ebintu ebyo kiyinza okuviirako omuntu okuba n'obuvunaanyizibwa n'okusasula ebbeeyi. Kyokka, buli kkubo liba n'amateeka gaalyo, embalirira y'ebiseera, n'ebbeeyi yaalyo. Ekisinga obulungi ky'okoze kisinziira ku bukakafu bw'owandisizza, era n'ebiruubirirwa byo.

Bw’oba nga tomanyi wa gy’oyinza kutandikira, okwogera ne munnamateeka alina obumanyirivu ye ngeri esingayo obulungi ey’okusalawo obanga ky’oyinza okukola kituufu.