Table of Contents
Endowooza y’Enfuna ku Bulamu Esobola Okusasika
Ekiragiro kino kiwa endowooza nti okuba n'obuyinza mu by'obufuzi kiva ku kukkaanya okw'abantu bonna okusobola okuleetawo obumu. Okusobola okuleetawo ensonga enkulu ezikwata ku bantu ab'omu nsi yonna, kiwa ebibuuzo bibiri ebikulu ebikwata ku bantu: Lwaki tugondera ab'obuyinza, era kiki ekiwa gavumenti obuyinza obw'okutufuga? Enjigiriza egamba nti okuba n'obuyinza bwa gavumenti kiva ku ku kukkaanya okugattika obumu ku bantu, okusobola okuba obumu, okubakuuma, n'okukolagana obulungi, era n'okukolagana obulungi, abantu ne bakkiriza eddembe lyabwe ery'eddembe lyabwe. Ekitundu kino kiwayuza endowooza z'abantu kinnoomu nga kiva ku ku ku kukolera mu byafaayo abanoonyereza ennyo, n'ensonga lwaki bakyagenda mu maaso okuleetawo okuteesa enkolagana ku ddembe, obwenkanya, n'okukolagana n'okukolagana mu nsi.
Endowooza ey’Omu Masekkati: Mukkiriza nti y’Ensibuko ya Sosayate
Ku kigero kyayo ekikulu, Social Contract Theory egamba nti ebbeetu ’ ebbeetu za bufuzi n'eby'empisa byesigamye ku ndagaano oba Endagaano wakati w'abantu abali mu bantu abo. Kino si kiwandiiko ekiwandiikiddwa mu kiseera ekikakafu mu byafaayo. Wabula, kiba kiwandikiro ekikozesebwa okunnyonnyola ensonga lwaki abantu basalawo okuleka endagaano ey'eby'empisa oba ey'obufuzi ̴ ensi y'obutonde ” ̬ embeera etaliiko gavumenti oba mateeka ̬ era n'ekola ekibiina ekitegekeddwa wansi w'obuyinza obumu.
Enjigiriza eyo yeesigamiziddwa ku musingi gwa K'akkiriza. Bwe kiba nga kiweereddwayo butereevu okuyitira mu bulango oba nga kikkirizibwa mu kifo ekisigalamu mu ssaza ’ ensalo, enkyuka ze ziyinza okukyusa okukuŋŋaanyizibwa kw'abantu okuba ekibiina kya teyokulase. Abatuuze bwe bamala okusemba, bakkiriza emirimu egimu ̬ okwenkana n'okugondera amateeka n'okusasula emisolo ̬ okukyusizaamu emiganyulo egiva mu nteekateeka y'ebyobufuzi, nga mw'otwalidde n'obutebenkenke, ebikolerwamu, ebigo, n'obuteebiwandiiko, n'obukuumi bw'ebintu.
Singa enteekateeka eyo teri nkolagana ya ku lusegere, abantu bandibadde n’obuyinza kubanga tebandibadde na misingi gya mpisa egisobozesa abantu okuba abatebenkevu n’okusala omusango.
Ebyafaayo: Abafirosoofo Abaali Bakyusa Enjigiriza Ye
Wadde ng'enjigiriza ezizingirwa mu kiwandiiko eky'enkola y'enkola y'enkola ey'enkola eddiriŋŋanamu zisangibwa mu biwandiiko bya Buyonaani ne Rooma eby'edda, abantu abatwalibwa okuba abagezi ab'enjawulo baatandikawo endagaano mu kiseera ky'olulimi. Abantu basatu abamanyi ennyo baamanyibwa nga bazimba: Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, ne Jean-Jacques Rousseau. Buli kimu kyawandiisaako kwolesebwa okwenjawulo okukwata ku mbeera y'obutonde, engeri endagaano eyo gye yeetaagibwamu, ne gavumenti ewandiisa endagaano eyo.
Thomas Hobbis ne Lukwata
Nga awandiika mu kisiikirize eky'olutalo olw'omunda mu Bungereza, Thomas Hobbes yafulumya Leviathan mu 1651, ekitabo ekikyasinze okuba ekimu ku bigambo eby'akabi ennyo eby'omu byafaayo by'omulembe gw'obusosoze. Hobbes yatandika n'ekikulembezo eky'amaanyi ku mbeera y'abantu. Mu mbeera y'obutonde, yawakanya, tewaaliwo gavumenti, tewaaliwo tteeka, era tewaaliwo na buyinza kukakaatiisa Endagaano. Obulamu mu mbeera ng'eyo busigala nga bw'entalo ̴ buli muntu alwanagana na buli muntu. ̶ ebiteeyambi bye by'olekawo tebiriwo, ate ate n'amaanyi gawonawo.
Aba Hobbes bannyonnyola bulungi obulamu mu mbeera y'omu butonde nga “ solitary, obwavu, obutayagala kukkirizibwa, era obwafu. ̵ okusobola okukweka akavuyo kano, abantu abalina endowooza ez'enjawulo bateekwa okuwaayo eddembe lyabwe erijjuvu ku mufuzi ̬ omufuzi omu oba olukuŋŋaana olumu olulina obuyinza obumala okuleetera abantu okuwulira omufuzi n'entegeka. Hobbes, eziyitibwa [[FLL:0] Leviatan, si kibiina ekikolera ku ndagaano. Abantu bakkiriziganya mu bo bennyini okuwulira omufuzi, era ne baddizibwa. projectus &817; enkyusa y'enkola y'enkola y'enkola eyo waggulu, egnyunzivu mu n'eyo. DDBNNNUM. DDIIIIIIITT ekitegeeza nti baagala okusasula ssente ezo zonna ez'enkola.
John Locke n’Okukuuma Entegeka z’Obutonde
John Locke yawa endowooza ey'okusuubira okutali kumu ku bikwata ku butonde n'embeera y'omuntu. Speciation of Gavumenti [1689], Lockee yawa endowooza eyo nti abantu abali mu mbeera y'omu butonde bazaalibwa n'enkwaso ez'enkwaso [[FLT]]] ̬ obusobozi obw'obulamu, eddembe, n'ebintu. Obusobozi obwo bubaawo nga gavumenti yonna teweereddwa mu mu mufuzi wa butonde. Embeera y'obutonde bw'ensi, si mbeera ya ntalo. Bufugeetwali mu mateeka agafuga obulamu bwa buli omu ku buli muntu.
Kyokka, ebizibu bivawo olw'okuba tewali mulamuzi atalina bwenkanya ayinza okugonjoola obutakkaanya era nga tewali mateeka gaago agafuga okubonereza oba amateeka okuleeta ekibonerezo. singa gamenya amateeka oba obukuubagano obugootaanya obufuga, abantu bakkiriziganya okutandikawo gavumenti era nga elina ekigendererwa eky'okukuuma eddembe eryo.
Locke’ enjigiriza yassaawo omusingi gwa gavumenti, n'olw'ekiragiro nti obuyinza obwatongodde buva mu kkiriza kw'ebiragiro ebifugibwa[. Endowooza ze zaakyusa butereevu eKiwandiiko kya American Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of United States.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau ne Will
Jean-Jacques Rousseau yatwala obulombolombo obutuufu ku bikwata ku mbeera z'abantu mu ngeri enneekusifu. Ekiragiro kya Social Contract (1762]), yagamba nti okukyuka okuva mu mbeera y'obutonde okudda mu mbeera y'abantu kwali tekukwata ku kukuuma bukuumi obwa bulijjo obwaliwo naye kukyusa bantu bokka. Rousseau yalowooza nti mu mbeera y'obutonde, abantu baali baabwe bokka naye nga balungi — kye yayita ekikyayi ekya bulijjo. ” kye kiteeyambisibwa ku bikwata ku by'obugagga n'obusosoze.
Rousseau, endagaano y'abantu teyakkirizibwa kuweebwa ddembe lya nnannyini buyinza naye lyali ngeri ya kutuuka ku ddembe erya waggulu ennyo. Mu kukolera awamu n'okugondera mu kusalawo mu ndagaano eyo [̬]; eddembe eri bonna awamu nga ̬ buli muntu afuuka ekitundu ky'omubiri ekifuga yekka. Mu kugondera omufuzi, Rousseau yawa obuwanguzi, buli muntu agondera ekitundu kye ekirungi. Omuntu yenna afuna eddembe erya nnamaddala, tatuukiriza ekyo omuntu ky'ayagala wabula yeeyingiza mu kutonda amateeka agakola okutwaliramu.
Rousseau ̱ enkola y'enkola y'abantu efugibwa demokulase.
Emisingi Egituyamba Okutegeera Ensonga
Emitala gy’enkyusa ez’enjawulo ez’Ebigambo by’Abantu, emisingi egiwera egizingirwa mu kunoonyereza kw’abantu giwagirwa mu magezi gaabwe.
Okusembezeganya
Okukkiriza kuno kuyinza okuba nga kwa lwatu, ng’omuntu bw’alayira mu maaso ge nga bw’ayagala okusigala mu ggwanga ng’aganyulwa mu kugattibwa.
Enkizo Ezeesigamiziddwa ku Ddembe
Buli luwandika lw'endagaano y'abantu, abantu balina okulekako eddembe lyabwe ery'enzaalwa. Ebisaanyizo ebigattiddwa by'enkola eyo bifaanagana mu mufirosoofo. Hobbes yasaba kumpi obuwulize obwa nnannyini. Rousseau yasaba obuwulize eri abantu bonna.
Obuyinza bw’Akakiiko
Gavumenti y'efuna obwannannyini bw'okufuga okuva ku kukkiriza kw'abafuzi.
Ebirungi Ebitera Okubaawo
Endagaano eyo ekolebwa mu bwenkanya, mu mbeera ennungi, era ne mu mbeera eziyinza okusaasaanamu, gavumenti bw'ebeera n'abantu abatutumufu, emenya endagaano eyo.
Engeri Ezimu ez’Enjawulo Ezili mu Kibiina: Engeri ez’Enjawulo Esatu ez’Enjawulo
Enjawulo eriwo wakati w’Abahobe, Abaloke, ne Rousseau nkulu nnyo ne kiba nti abeekenneenya batera okwogera ku ndagaano za bika bisatu ez’enjawulo, nga buli emu erina amakulu gaayo.
Ekyokulabirako ky’Abafisi: Obukuumi Obusinga Byonna
Endagaano y'Abahobbesie ekubirizibwa okutya. Abantu bawaayo eddembe lyabwe lyonna eri nnyini gavumenti basobole okusobola okufuna ebirungi ebisingayo obukulu: okuwonawo. Omuntu agoberera enkola eno asinziira ku buyinza obw'ekitongole ekitongole, era agoberera enkola eyo nga ya ntegeka mu kifo eky'eddembe.
Engeri y’Okukolamu: Gavumenti Egyesigamye ku Kkomo
Tteeka lya Locke likubirizibwa lwa kwagala kukuuma ntegeka z'obutonde. Abantu kinnoomu bawaayo eddembe lya kuyisa eddembe lyabwe mu kyama. Gavumenti eno eba nkomeredde mu mateeka era nga y'efugibwa amateeka. singa esukka ekkomo lyayo, okuziyiza kwetongodde, empandika za gavumenti, enfuge z'eby'obufuzi n'empaka ez'enkalakkalira, era n'obukuumi bw'eddembe ly'abantu.
Ekyokulabirako kya Rousseau: Okwegatta ku Bukulembeze
Platifomu ya Rousseau ekubirizibwa abantu ba Katonda okufuna eddembe erya nnamaddala nga beegasse mu kugattika bigendererwa. Gavumenti si kintu kye kyeyawudde ku bantu naye ekikolera ku bufuzi obutegekeddwamu.
Engeri Ekiruubirirwa ky’Eby’Eby’Eby’Enfuna gye Kikyusa Enteekateeka z’Abantu mu Kiseera Kino
Wadde nga yasibuka mu kyasa eky’ekkumi n’omusanvu n’eky’ekkumi n’omunaana, Contract Theory teyeberezebwa bumanya byafaayo by’abantu, wabula yeeyongera okumanyisa ebikwata ku nteekateeka z’eby’obufuzi ez’omu kiseera kino n’ensonga lwaki zituufu.
Endowooza nti gavumenti ziteekwa okwesigamye ku ekkirizibwa mu biwandiiko ebitongozebwa ebya demokulase. Constitution eya United States etandika n'ebigambo “ Ffe Abantu, ” n'okukusaba nti ab'obuyinza mu by'obufuzi batandikira ku nfuga y'obutuuze. Ekirango kya Lewandikiro kisalawo nti gavumenti zikozesa olulimi oluyitibwa Lockean, era nti gavumenti zirina okuzza “ era nti abantu balina eddembe ery'okukyusa oba ery'okukyusa eddembe lyabwe mu by'enfuga ̵ era nti gavumenti y'esobola okuggyawo oba okuzikiriza eddembe lyabwe.
Amateeka ag'ensi yonna era galina kye gakola ku nkolagana. Treasus, enkuŋŋaana ennene, n'empandiika ezisookerwako z'enkola nga Ekibiina ky'Amawanga Amagatte, biteekeddwa ku musingi ogugamba nti omuntu akkiriza kyeyagalire kusibibwa n'amateeka agamu okugattikanya emiganyulo egiva mu kukolagana obulungi n'emirembe. Entegeka z'abantu okusingira ddala zigoberera etteeka lya Locke ̱ ezisssssss'enkola ku ddembe ery'ekika ekya bulijjo, eritayinza kumenyebwa gavumenti.
Mu mpaka z'eby'obufuzi ezikolebwawo mu kiseera kino, olulimi olukozesebwa mu ndagaano y'abantu lwetaagibwa nga boogera ku mbeera z'abantu, obujjanjabi, obuyigirize, n'ebintu ebya lukale. Okuteesa nti abantu basasula emisolo era ne bagondera amateeka okusobola okukkirizibwa, kuba kukolera ku magezi agakwata ku nkolagana y'abantu. Mu ngeri y'emu, okuteesa ku by'obuwangwa n'obutuuze ku nsonga ezikwata ku ku kkaanya, buli kiseera kubuuza ebibuuzo: Migatte ki gye balina eri gavumenti, era gavumenti ebawa buvunaanyizibwa ki?
Obusobozi bw’Okusalawo: Lwaki Obukodyo Butuyamba Okutegeera Obulungi?
Social Contract Theory abadde mu buyinza nnyo, naye ate era aleetedde abantu okuvumirira ennyo olw’engeri ezitali zimu ze balina okutambuzaamu ensonga.
Enjigiriza Enfumo Obufumo
Tewali kiwandiiko kyonna eky'edda ekiraga nti abantu bakkiriziganya ku ngeri gye bakolaganamu n'ebyobufuzi.
Abawagizi ba ndowooza eyo bagamba nti endagaano terina kuba mukolo gwa byafaayo. Ekintu kino kikozesebwa buli kiseera, kwe kugamba, ettwale ̬ engeri y'okulowoozaamu ku nsonga ewagira ab'obuyinza mu by'obufuzi. Ekibuuzo si kwe kumanya obanga endagaano eyo yakolebwa naye oba ng'ensonga egiviirako ewa obukakafu ku nsonga lwaki twandigondedde amateeka.
Obutali Bwenkanya mu Biseera eby’Edda
Endagaano y'ensi eyo tetera kubaamu bantu ba langi nnyingi, bakazi, bannaggwanga, baavu, n'abo abatalina bya nkalakkalira.
Abafirosoofo abakyusa endowooza za bakazi nga Karole Pateman, mu kitabo kye , kyewawawa nti endagaano ey'ekika kya bannasayansi ekweka endagaano ey'ekika kya Bannamwanda ne Bannasayansi ̴ etegeeza nti emikono gy'abasajja gisinga abakazi. Mu ngeri y'emu, [[FLT:]] KRANT.[FLT:][FLT:]], mu [[FLL:5]], endagaano y'ekiwandikiro ebaamu [[FL:6], enfunze], ewakanya endagaano ezikwata ku bantu, era n'ekirangojja ekigamba nti endagaano y'enkola y'enkola y'enkola y'enkola. Kino kigireetera okugaana obuwaze. Kino kiyinza okuggyawo ebigamba nti, ate nga bigamba nti, mu n'enkola y'enkola y'eyamateeka eby'ebimu ate eby'ebikolebwamu ebikolebwamu mu byafaayo ebikolebwamu mu byafaayo
Ekizibu Ekiri mu Kukkiriza Ekiba mu Kifo Ekippya
Ne bwe kiba nti tukkiriza nti okukkirizibwa okwo y'omusingi gw'obuyinza mu by'obufuzi, ekibuuzo kisigalawo: Abantu batono nnyo abakkiriziganya mu ndagaano y'abantu. Tacit kkaadi y'ewandiikiddwawo nti ̬ endagaano ey'okusigala mu nnyumba oba ey'okukkiriza emiganyulo egiva mu kukkirizibwa okuba mu bufuge obw'enjawulo, eyinza okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa mu bantu okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa amateeka gaago?
Okuwuliriza: Ensonga Lwaki Kikulu Nnyo
Wadde nga kirimu obunafu, kakwate n'enkola y’abantu okutwalira awamu kakyali kimu ku bintu eby'amaanyi ebisobola okuyamba omuntu okulowooza ku bwenkanya, obuyinza, n’enkolagana eri wakati w'abantu n’eggwanga.
Mu kyasa ekya makumi abiri n'ekisooka, olulimi olukozesebwa mu ndagaano ezikolebwa abantu ba bulijjo lwetaagibwa nnyo mu mpaka ezikwata ku bannaggwanga, era n'ebisaanyizo bya digitutions. Abakozesa bwe bakkiriza obuweereza, bayingira mu kampasi n'ekibiina. Gavumenti bwe zikuŋŋaanya ebikwata ku batuuze, ebibuuzo ebijjawo biyinza okubuuzizaako endagaano ez'enkomeredde wakati w'eggwanga n'abantu. Enjigiriza era etegeeza okukubaga okusa obwenkanya[: Ebikwa by'omulembe ebiva mu mirembe egya bulijjo?
Bafirosoofo gamba nga [[NT:0] John Rawls bazzaawo obulombolombo bw'omu kyasa ekya 20 nga bwe yannyonnyola obwenkanya. Rawls yabuuza emisingi gya bwenkanya ki abantu abalina eddembe newakubadde okutegeera bwe bandibadde nga tebamanyi kifo kyabwe mu mbeera, ttalanta, oba embeera R ekirowoozo kye yayita & &8220; ekifo ekyasooka ” emabega w'obutamanya bikwata ku butamanya. “ omulimu gwe gulaga nti endagaano y'obufunze esobola okubeera ensibuko y'obufirosoofo.
Olugero: Endowooza Etali ya Nsusso
Mu ngeri y'emu, abantu bwe baba nga bakkiriziganya ku ndowooza y'abantu abalina endowooza ennuŋŋamu bwe baba nga batandise okuyonoonebwa, endowooza eyo ebawa obulagirizi obusobola okwekenneenya ebibiina ebikola ebintu ebya bulijjo. Era ekyo kitujjukiza nti gavumenti si nsonga ntuufu ezifuga abantu ̬ ebitonde ebirina obuyinza okusobola okukola ebirungi bye bisobola okufuna obuyinza.
Okuva ku Hobbes ’ yafuna endowooza ey'obukuumi mu Locke ’ alaga obuteefu obw'enkalakkalira nga tunoonya olukalala olw'enkalakkalira ku Rousseau ̱ nga tulondawo obufuzi obw'envuma, n'obw'omu Social Contract bye biwa abantu eby'entegeka bingi ebisobola okutegeera embeera y'eby'obufuzi. Era kituzibuwalira okwebuuza ebibuuzo ebikwata ku ani ali mu ndagaano, obanga okukkiriza kw'obwe kuba kwa ddala, era obanga obwenkanya bwe buli leero bwe butayagala. Ebibuuzo ebyo biba byangu nga bwe byali mu kyasa ekyakutaano eky'omusanvu, era tebitera kugobererwa mangu.
Okusobola okwongera okusoma ebyawandiikibwa eby'enyongeza, laba ebiwandike byonna ebya Hobbes ’s [ LEVIAN[[[FL:1]] mu Pulani Gutenberg[[[[[FLT:] ne] Lockte’ [[FLT:]]SENT [ mu Bitabo bya [[FLT:] ku] Biterekero bya Literekero bya Liberty[[[FL:]][FL:]][FLT]][5]]. Okusobola okumanyisa mu ngeri enfumo z'enjiribufayiro:[FLT][11]