Ekifo kya Ssente mu Butebenkevu mu by’Eby’Enfuna

Ssente ezikola mu Australia kye kitongole ekikulu mu by'enfuna ne mu nkola ezitegekebwawo, era n'enkola ez'enjawulo ezisobozesa gavumenti okusalirawo enkola ezikwata ku by'enkola, entegeka n'okuddaabiriza, n'okuddaabiriza ebizimbe. Mu bizibu ebyajjawo mu nsi yonna nga 2008 akawumpuli k'eby'enfuna, akawumpuli y'ensi n'obuzibu obuva mu nteeko y'eby'enfuna, n'enkola za Ssente ze twetaaga okusobola okugonjoola obuzibu bw'eby'eby'enfuna, era n'okukuuma obujjanjabi ebiyinza okusobozesa ebizikongo n'okulabirira ebizikwata ku n'obutebe bw'eby'eby'enfuna. Ekitundu kino kikebera ebizingirwamu, ebikolerwawo n'eby'obutongole eby'obusuubuzi n'ebikolerwanyinyinyi.

Empisa z’Obukuumi mu Buwangwa

Ekimu ku bintu ebisingirayo ddala okukolebwako ebbeeyi y'ensimbi kiri nti: okukyusa engeri ssente ezikozesebwa ne omusolo gavumenti gye gusasula okusobola okugasaamu ebbeeyi. Mu kizibu, Ssente ezikozesebwa mu kulabirira ssente ziwa amagezi ku ngeri y'okulongoosa ebizingirwamu mu by'embalirira, eby'obujjanjabi, eby'enkola ku bantu, n'eyambi ey'essente eziweebwa, awamu n'okusasula kw'omusolo ogw'ekiseera obusembe.

Abanywereza Awamu n’Amagezi

Ekiragiro kya Australia kibaamu ebikoleezebwa by'omusolo n'eby'obuwangwa nga birimu ebikola ku budde obuteetaagisa, gamba ng'okusasula emisolo n'ebbula ly'emirimu nga byeyongera okugonza embeera y'eby'enfuna. Kyokka, mu biseera eby'ebikangabwa ennyo, Ssente era ne kampuni eziwagira ebbeeyi ez'okubunyisa ebintu. 2020.211 KUSOOVID-19, nga mwe muli ne Job Leanderer (eyambisibwa mu kusasula ssente) ebiva mu misolo, era n'ebyetaagisa ebiteeyambisibwa mu by'eby'enfuna byago byali bye bimu ku bukulu mu Australia.

Okuzimba Edda n’Okuteeka Ensimbi mu Kibuga

Enteekateeka z'eby'enkola eya bulijjo, gamba nga, enzigi z'amasannyalaze, n'enkola za digitations, bikola nga obuyambi obw'ekiseera ekiseera ekitono n'okulongoosa emirimu. Ssente ezikola ne gavumenti z'ensi n'ebitundu, zikola nga b'ebiwandiiko ebikkirizibwa okusemba ebizikongojjedwa, okukakasa nti ebbeeyi y'amasannyalaze etuuka ku bukulu bw'eby'eby'enfuna. Ng'ebyo, ekitongole kya Infracrecurement Revention Program, ekiyigibwa ku kisobozesa obuwumbi n'obuwumbi bw'amakubo, n'ebifo by'obungi ebikolebwa mu by'obukkulembedde.

Okuteekateeka Banka y’Essomero mu Australia

Okusobola okugonjoola ekizibu kino, kampuni ekola enkola y'emu mu ngeri y'emu. Ssente zikolaganira wamu ne Banka y'ekibanja ey'omu Australia (RBA) ekolera ku buwagizi. Mu biseera bino, RBA ekendeeza ku muwendo gwa ssente (era eyinza okusobozesa ebipimo ebiteeberezebwa okumanyibwa nga quantiritisting'od''''okugooleka oba okugobererwa mu n'okuteeka ssente mu kitongole kya gavumenti. Mu 2020, ssente ziyinza okwongerako ku migaso ne k'amakongerimu ga gavumenti. ebikozesebwa mu by'obukkebeeyinjabi n'eby'okugula ebintu ebiba bitono mu maduuka.

Okuddukanya Amabanja n’Okulabirira Obulungi Ebbanja

Wadde nga enkola ya Ssente essa ku kufissing'ekiseera ekitono, Ssente era ziteekwa okukakasa nti obuwola bwa gavumenti tebuyinza kuwona. Embalirira ya gavumenti ya Australia ereetebwawo amabanja-okudda ku GDP yakula okuva ku 20% CHOVAD-19 okutuuka ku 40% mu 2021. Obukoddyo bwa Ssente ezikozesebwa mu Ssente ez'ekiseera ekitono bugendererwa okuzikomyawo amabanja nga n'okukendeeza ku mabanja g'eby'eby'enfuna bwe bitereka, mu ngeri eyo ekikerowoozo ne kikuuma ekkomya ekkokkero lya Australia (ewandikiro ekibadde nga kyakomeddwawo ekiteeyambiddwawo ekitongole ekifuga, Moody’, ne Fitch). procesting buli kiseera kifulumya ensawo mu [FFF:0]

Baalondebwa Okuwagira Abeeyita Ababiina n’Ababiina Abagenyi

Ku ludda olunene olw'enkola z'eby'enfuna, akakwakkulizo ka Ssente ezikola ku kakwate n'ebibamba ebibamba ebibamba ebibamba ebibamba.

Omukozi n’Ebya Nnamaddala Ebiyitibwa Coronavirus

Mu kiseera kya kawumpuli, Ssente yagoberera akawungeezi aka akalulu ka Job Leacher. Akalulu kaafiiriza abakozesa abaaweerwa ssente ezaakendeezebwa ennyo. Enteekateeka eno eyamba abawagizi nga 3.8 obukadde bukumi na bukumi awamu ne bizineesi ezisukka mu kakadde kamu, okulemesa okulekera awo okuyonsa n'okunyweza ekizikwata ku mulimu. Mutemere y'omulimu era n'etassawo ekitongole kya Coronavirus ekisinziirwako abaawereza abawandikibwawo, okusukka mu butono. Programume zino zaakolebwa n'okukendeeza obukwasiro okukendeezebwa obukujjuzi, naye nga bakyukanya enkola ey'okukulembedde mu bwangu okusobozesa okutandikawo omulimu okuyitira mu nkola y'ebuguzi bwa Australia (ATO).

Obuwagizi: Obulyi bw’Enjawulo, Ekirabo, n’Obusolo

Bitongole bya Australia ebikola bizineesi ebitono era ebitonotono bye biwanirira obuwagizi bwa gavumenti era nga bikozesa 44% ku bakozi abakolera mu bifo ebyamaguzi. Mu bizibu bino, bayolekagana n'ebizibu eby'amaanyi. Sternatences yatandikawo essente eziwerera ddala gavumenti esobola okugula ssente eziwera 76guanter , awamu ne kampuni ezitwala ssente eziweebwayo mu mulimu gwa bamanejani, ezaasasula ssente eziweza ssente ezisukka mu doola 1000,000 (Z'Amerika). Empakantungo nga zenkana n'okufiirwa zitwala ebintu ebibangibwawo mu bungi n'ebyaweebbeebwa. Ekiragiro ekitongole kyeyanjula okukimanga obubagirwa mu ssente eziweebwayo olw'okusasula emisolo, okukendeeza enkalu.

Okuwagira Emigugu egy’Omunda

Mu kawumpuli oyo, Ssente zaazuulamu amakolero aganene agaakozesebwa okulambula obulango obwa kaabuyuuni nga , okulambula ebidduka, n'okulambula ebibamba. Ng'ekyokulabirako, gavumenti ya Australia yawa Ababali b'ennyonyi obuwumbi bwa doola obuwumbi bwa doola 1,2 obuwumbi n'essente ezisasula ennyo ebiva mu nnyonyi za nnyonyi ne ssente eziwaabibwa ku mannyo g'ennyonyi n'okusembeza abagenyi. Ssente ezo zaakolera ku kitongole kya by'obulaawumbi bwa doola obuwumbi bwa doola 1,1 okuva ku kitongole kya by'obulimi, amazzi n'ennono zaakakasa nti ekitongole kya bya bya bya byabulimi bya kampuni n'eby'eby'eby'obusuubuzi binya.

Enkyukakyuka Ezikoleddwa Okusobola Okwongera Okugumiikiriza

Obuyambi bw'okugonjoola ekizibu kino si bwa kaseera buseera kyokka; era n'ab'obutongole bwa Ssente bawagira enkola y'okuzimba ekendeeza ku buzibu bw'eby'enfuna obw'okufiirwa ebiseera eby'omu maaso.

Okuzimba Ssabbiiti

Nga tewannabaawo mubenje, Ssente eyo yali yawa amagezi gavumenti okukendeeza ku nsaasaanya n'okuddamu okuzimba ebikolerwako. Fuola y'Omubiri(*) yateekebwawo mu 2006 okusobola okugonjoola obukalu obwa kawumpuli(yansi). Mu kiseera kya GFC, Australia yagwa wansi n'amabanja matono era n'ebbanja ga njawulo, ekisobozesa ebbanja ly'eby'obulamu okugobererwa mu bwangu. Ssente ezizikolawo ne zisobozesa okugoolera empewo nga waliwo obuzibu mu biseera eby'omu maaso ne bwe biba birungi. Bwe kityo, ekitongole kyawerebwa nga 202324 eky'okuva ku ggwanga okuyita mu kifo eky'okubiri, okusasula ebiva ku n'okukyungibwa kw'obulamu, n'embeera y'obutebenkenke, kiyinza okukolebwa ne mu biseera eby'omu maaso.

Okuleetawo Enjawukana mu by’Eby’Eby’Eby’Obugagga

Kampuni ewagira enkola eyo okukendeeza ku kunoonyereza mu makolero g'eby'amakolero, gamba ng'okusima ebigo. Mu nkola ezo mulimu n'okusasula emisolo mu R&D, okumanyibwa kw'amakolero aga bulijjo, n'obuwagizi mu makolero agadda budda budda bumanyi, gamba ng'amasannyalaze, oba eby'obusawo. Entekooza y'ensi esobozesa okunoonyereza n'okumanyibwa kw'amaterekero. Ebbeeyi y'ensiri eyo okumanyisa obunene n'okukomyawo n'okugoba k'ebbeebbeeyi y'eyongo.

Okugejja mu Ngeri Ekwata ku Kwekuuma Obusimu n’Okwewala Obuzibu bw’Engeri ez’Omu Kintu

Mu kawumpuli, Ssente yagamba nti enkola y'abakozi yalongoosebwa mangu nnyo nga bwe kyali kisuubirwa, olw'empalana y'ebisaanyizo ebisaasaanyizo ebiteebwa abo abakola processor . Ssente zeetaaga kati zikolawo enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obukuumi mu bantu. Singa wabaawo okutandikawo essente eziyamba ababulina okukendeeza ku buzibu bw'omulimu mu by'enfuna nga ebigwa bitateredde mu by'enfuna tebisuubirirawo, nga bwe kyateeberezebwa [[FLT:][FLT]. Ekirentabo kiyinza okusobozesa obuwagizibwa bw'omulimu okwongera ku buzibu obwa bulijjo.

Embeera n’Obusuubuzi

Enteekateeka y'obukulembeze bw'ensi yonna teriimu bizibu. Ssente ezikola ku nsonga eno tezirina kugonjoola bizibu.

Amabanja ga Bonna n’Ekisa eky’Okutabagana

Omuwendo gwa gavumenti bwe guba nga gunaatera okukula, kiba kyangu ebbanja okulemesa gavumenti okuba nga zisobola okukomya ebbanja lya gavumenti. Ate era, ebbanja ery'okwewola ssente eddooka lisobola okukendeeza ku mutindo gwa gavumenti z'ensi yonna. Ebibanja ebisale bya Australia bwe bisigala nga bikendedde ku mutindo gwa ddo mu nsi yonna. Ebipimo by'ebbanja ebiva ku ntengo z'eby'enfuna biyinza okukozesebwa mu bulamu obwa bulijjo, mu by'enjigiriza oba mu by'obw'obw'amakolero. lipoota y'eby'eby'enfuna y'eby'enfuna esobola okulemesa ebbanja okuba nga lirina obunene nnyo.

Okunfukirira n’Omutemu gwa Monetaayi

Ekiragiro ekikomya ebbeeyi y'emiwendo gy'ebintu kiyinza okuteeka mu kifo ekinene ennyo eby'enfuna by'ensi eno, naddala singa bigattibwako enkola y'eby'enfuna. Mu 2022-24, okulongoosebwa kw'ebbeeyi kw'ensimbi kwayongerayongera kw'ennamba ey'ebbeeyi y'emiwendo (esinga obungi bw'ebintu okusaasaasa okuweza 6.1% mu massekati ga 76222). Ssente ezizi n'e RBA zalina okuteekamu omuwereere, ate nga Ssente ezo ne zitandika okufulumya ebbeeyitirivu. Enkola y'okukendeeza ku bye zisalawo, singa ssente zikendeezebwa mangu nnyo; singa ziyinza okukendeeza ku muwendo.

Okutuukiriza Ebiteeka mu Kabi k’Eby’obufuzi

Enteekateeka z'okusoosa kino emirundi mingi zeetaagisa ebiwandiiko bya palamenti okukkirizibwa, ekireetawo okubuusabuusa mu by'obufuzi. Ssente ezikolera mu masaza agatali gamu zikola nga bawagidde enkola ez'eby'obuttuze naye nga tekisoboka. Okugatta ku ekyo, okubikola kwa Programu ezikulembedde amangu kuyinza okuviirako ensobi mu ntegeka oba okubbankanya. Ago ga Job Leaner gaateeka ssente nnyingi ku macale agaago era n'agoowa ne ku makolerwa ago agaago agaago ageetaatuukirizanga enkola ya bipimo n'obukaluunyi ebya nnamaddala.

Okutongozebwa kwa Gavumenti

Ekiragiro kya Australia kitegeeza nti ebitundu era n'ebifo birina emirimu egy'enjawulo gamba nga okufuga embeera z'obulamu, obuyigirize, eby'amakonkola, n'okugootaanya eby'obufuzi. Mu kiseera kino, Ssente ziteekwa okukolagana n'eby'obugagga bya gavumenti okusobola okukakasa nti etteeka lya gavumenti terikontana. Kyokka, etteeka erikugira etteeka lya gavumenti likendeezebwa mu kiseera ky'omubenje ogw'okugaba, okukendeeza ku bwetaavu bwa Kampuni y'ensimbi (2002). Olukiiko olukola ku Federal Financial Financial Relation, nga luwandikiddwawo Ssenkume, lukyasinze okusoosa ennyo ssente ezisookerwawo. Kyokka, obutakkaago ku by'okusasula ssente eziyinza okukolebwa (g.

Bye Tuyigira ku Bikolwa eby’Ebyafaayo

Endowooza y'ekitongole kya Ssente erongooseddwa okumala emyaka mingi nga kifuna ebizibu.

Embeera embi mu by’enfuna mu nsi yonna (2007-09)

Australia yeewala okusaasaana kw'ebge mu kiseera kya GFC, olw'okuba mu kifo kyayo ekya waggulu, wabaddewo akawumbi obukadde bwa doola obuwumbi bubiri nga bunamba obunene obwakakozesebwa mu mateeka. Ssente ezikozesebwa mu kuzimba tegwa Australia tezitwala ssente mu maka amatono era zisobola okuteekamu ssente nnyingi nnyo. Olw'okuba abaagifuna basaasaanya bamala ssente ezisinga obungi mu bwangu. Eg'eg'e Gavumenti y'eggulako okuwanirira ekifo kya bankanka za RBA, era baawagira ebizibyo ne bateekamu ebbeekateekamu obutereeze. Ebiteeso bino, nga bigattiddwa awamu n'eby'eby'obugagga by'omu China, ebiteebwabwawo mu Australia, byalabibwawo.

Ekitongole ekiyitibwaCOVID 7619 Pandemic (2020-22)

Obulwadde buno bwali bwetaagisa nnyo mu makubo agasinga okukwatibwako mu byafaayo bya Australia. Eky'okuteekawo enkola y'obuteesiteesi ey'eby'enfuna (nga bukozesebwa mu nkola eya NMADD, sistechal seration system system system system system system) kyayamba okumanyisa omuwendo gw'ebintu ebikolebwa okuteeka mu nkola. Enkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo ezaali zizingiramu essente eza Job Esteuner ezisasur definier, essooza ssente ezikolebwa bannabizineesitemu zisobola okusasula ebisale byennyini mu kiseera nga kyayo. Kkoleefube kino era kyayamba ebitongole bingi okuwanirira obuwulizi n'okuteekamuko. Essente eswongera ku sipixelo ziziyiza nnyo okufuna amasawo.

Ekitongole Ekirala eky’Ebyafaayo (Omwaka 2022 - 24)

Embalirira y'eby'enfuna bwe yeeyongera okulongooka era n'okugaba obuyambi mu by'enfuna ne mu ngeri endala, Ssente zaasaasaanyizibwawo ebintu ebyandibadde bisobozesa omuntu okuva ku mulimu. RBA yasobola okukakasa nti ebbeeyi y'eby'ensimbi eyo ebaddenga ntono nnyo. Eky'okuwaayo ssente tebyagonjoolwawo n'okukendeeza ssente. Ssente eza Ssente ezikozesebwa mu Ssente za 2023232424 zaategeeza obuwumbi bwa doola obuwumbi bwa doola 1,50,000 bwa ddoola, obwasooka obubadde bunyigirizibwa olw'enteempeera y'ebintu n'okuweza obuweza enkanyiri nga n'okuweza ebbeebbula. Obusobozi obwakolebwa mu ssente eza kampuni ezisinga obungi, obuzimbi obuzimbi obwava mu ku ku mirimu, obuzimbi obuzimbi obuva mu kweyongera ku mirimu, n'obuweremereri obutono.

Obulagirizi n’Ebizibu by’Okuyingira

Ssente ezikola ku by’enfuna teziri mu bintu ebyakolebwa edda, naye zinoonyereza ku bintu ebipya ebiyamba mu by’enfuna, gamba ng’enkyukakyuka mu mbeera y’obudde, okuteeka embeera y’obudde ku mikutu gya Intaneeti, okugabana kw’abantu, n’okugabana kw’obusuubuzi mu nsi yonna.

Embeera y’Enfuna Enjawulo Enjawuka Eba Ekyuse

Australia eyoleka bulungi akabi ak'embeera y'obudde (amataba, amataba) n'obuzibu obuva mu nkyukakyuka mu nsi. Ssente eyo yatandika okuteeka embeera z'obudde mu ngeri gye ziteeberezebwamu. Omuntu okusobola okukebera ebirombe by'eby'enfuna, atwala essuula ezikwata ku mbeera z'obudde nga mwe zinnew'obudde nga zinnew'asaafu, era nga yeeteeba nti, gDP ey'omu Australia eyinza okukendeerako ewera 6% omwaka okutuuka ku 2100. Ssente eyo era ewagira enkola y'eggwanga okumanyisa ate n'okukebera ebikongojja mu langi eya langi eya langi eya langi eya kyenvu kinnebond ezza obutoffa.

Obukuumi n’Obulungi bw’Eby’Eby’Obugagga

Kampuni ekola ku buzibu bwa Internet era n'ekirabo kya Australian Prudential Reculation Reauthority (APRA) awamu n'ekitongole ekigaba obutereevu mu by'enkola ya Internet okusobola okumanyisa embeera y'eby'enfuna. Ssente era zisobola okusobozesa okutandikawo obukujjukujju bw'eggwanga (MyGovid).

Okunyigirizibwa mu Bye Tufuna

Omuwendo gw'abantu mu Australia gugenda gweyongera okukaddiwa, nga n'abantu abali wakati w'emyaka 65 ne 2020 ne 24% omwaka 2065 gugenda guggwa. Kino kijja kwongera ku ssente ezikozesebwa ku bannamukadde, ku bulamu, ne pensoni, nga byeyongera okukendeeza ku misolo. Ebbeeyi y'emisolo esobozesa okukendeeza ku bwetaavu bw'omulimu (gn.s. semissioning reconvenations informations (evennancictives) era n'eby'eby'eby'ebbeeyambisibwa) era oboolyawo n'enkyukakyuka mu by'empewo oba empaka y'empewo. Ebizibu ebireempaka birinaasobozesa ebikolebwa mu kukendeeza ku nkola y'omulimu.

Akatyabaga k’Eby’obufuzi n’Obusuubuzi

Ekiragiro kino bwe kigenda kyeyongera, ebitundu bya Australia bwe bitandika okwesiga ennyo obutemu obuva mu nsi ne bibuvaamu (makaanyi okutunda obuyinja). Abawagira Treasury okubunyisa ebizimbe ebibunyisibwa mu nsi endala (nga bayitira mu ndagaano z'obusuubuzi ne Buyindi, EU, ne Southeast Asia) era n'okuwagira okukolebwa kw'ebifaananyi eby'amaka (Essente ez'okuyita mu kiseera kino). Ate era ne k'ofissi y'abateeyi b'eby'obusuubuzi n'eby'eby'enfuna bya Australia GDP. Mu mwaka gwa 2023, Kkoonti yafulumya ebiwandiiko ebireetebwa obutuufu eby'okuteebiwandiiko ebireeteebbeebbeeyambibwa obuba mu ku by'obusuubuzi bw'eby'enfuna mu South China, era n'ongera okuteekawo aw'okuteekateeka.

fundikira

Ssente ezirabirira Australian Treasury ekoze enkola ennungi mu kuddukanya ebbeeyi y'ensi yonna mu bizibu by'ensi yonna, okugatta obuwagizi obw'amaanyi obw'enkyukakyuka mu bitundu ebisaasaanyizo, okugobererwa kw'ebitongole ebibindabinda, n'okulongoosebwa kw'enkyukakyuka mu bitongole ebizingirwa mu ntengo. Obusobozi bwazo okukolagana n'enkyukakyuka mu by'obutebenkevu, ne gavumenti z'ensi yonna busobodde okukolagana n'enkyukakyuka ez'eby'ensi mu ngeri ez'enjawulo, okuva ku GFC okutuuka ku COLOD. Kyokka buli kizibu kino kiyamba okuleetawo ebizibu ebirala ebippya nga //okufuga, ebizingirwamu, ebibanja, n'ebisale by'eby'eby'eby'obufuzi, n'okukula mu ngeri y'enkyukakyuka mu by'eby'eby'enfuna ne mu Australia ebikolebwamu mu ngeri y'obutebe bw'eby'eby'enfuna eby'eby'ensi ebitegeke eby'ebugagga ebitegeke ebitegeke.