Ensonga Lwaki Kikulu Okutegeera Ebizingirwa mu Gavumenti

Ebyo abakungu b'ekibuga bye basalawo buli lunaku nga basinziira ku ntegeka y'omu kibuga kyo eri Pulezidenti, ebyo ebisomebwa mu ssomero ly'omwana wo, n'obukuumi bw'empewo gy'ossa. Wadde kiri kityo, abantu bangi tebasobola kubituuma amannya g'omubaka oba okunnyonnyola enjawulo eriwo wakati w'amateeka g'eggwanga n'amateeka agafuga ekitongole. Okutegeera obulungi engeri gye bategekebwamu, eky'ekitongole, eky'ensi n'ebitundu ebitegekebwamu, era n'engeri gavumenti z'ensi gye zikolaganamu. Ekitundu kino kiyambamu okumanyisaamu ebitundu by'ensi ebisatu ebisatu ebimenyese. Gavumenti y'ensi eyo, n'obuvunaanyizibwa bwabwe obw'enkolamu.

Gavumenti Kye Ki?

Mu ngeri ennyangu okutegeera, gavumenti y'Amerika ye nkola esobozesa abantu okukola era n'okukwasisa amateeka era n'okukolera wamu abantu kinnoomu emirimu egibatasobola kwekuuma ku lwabwe, gamba ng'okwetaaza eggwanga, enguudo eza lukale, n'amazzi amayonjo. Gavumenti ya Amerika yeeyimiriza ku musingi gwa [ obufuzi obw'enjawulo era n'ensonga y'omulimu gwayo].[1] Omusingi guno gweyolekera mu bigambo ebyanguyira ebya tteeka lya U.S. Ekiragiro kino kyeyolekera mu bigambo ebyakatandika ebya tteeka: “Fowe. Gavumenti ku buli mu mu mu mukitundu ogweyambirizemu obulungi, naye obunene n'enkulemberwamu by'emirimu gyayo byawukana mu ngeri ya njawulo.

Abatuuze ba Amerika abaasooka baali beegendereza nnyo obuyinza obwa nnamba oba gavumenti nga balabye obufuzi obwa Briteni. Obwesige buno bwaleetera Abatandikawo enkola ey'obufuzi obwa obwa dederalis [, obuyinza gye bwawulibwa wakati w'obufuzi bw'eggwanga n'obw'eggwanga. Gavumenti tezoogerwako mu mateeka naye zaakolebwa gavumenti okusobola okuddukanya ensonga z'ekiwandikiro. Okutegeera ensonga eno enkulu kweyoleka kubanga kiwandisizza ensonga lwaki gavumenti y'eggwanga eririna ekiwandikiro kiwayitidde ku Main Street, ate nga endagaano n'eggwanga eritali lya ggwanga lya ggwanga.

Enteekateeka y’Olukiiko Olukola Ekirabo

Ekiragiro kino kissaawo ssemateeka () mu 1787) era kiraga engeri y'okuteekawo enteekateeka ez'enkola. Agumenti I eyogera ku matwale ga gavumenti, Akatundu II, obukulu bwa gavumenti, n'Akatundu III akakwasizza olukusa. 10. [O]10] Conformation [ewagw'ewandikirwa mu 1791], kiwa obuwayiro obw'okutegeera ensonga lwaki gavumenti ziriwo: “Obufuzi obutaweebwa Amerika lukalala lwa mateeka, oba okubugaana gavumenti, buterekebwa Amerika, obuterekebwa gavumenti, oba obutereezebwa mu mawanga, oba ebitongole. Kino kitegeeza nti tewali buyinza bwonna obuweebwa gavumenti ezifuga, gamba nga akakiiko k'awunziko, oba obugobereza layisensi z'eby'eby'obuvunnaluusi, oba obukko, oba obukyungi mu mawanga obungi. mu nsi, mu mateeka, mu mawanga agakyo.

Wadde nga wayiseewo ebyasa bibiri, obuyinza wakati wa gavumenti z'ensi n'ez'ensi bukyuse.New Deal, ekitongole kya Civil Rights mu kiseera kyaffe n'etteeka erikwata ku by'obujjanjabi mu kiseera kino, byonna byeyongera okugaziwa ku buyinza bwa gavumenti. Kyokka, gavumenti n'ebitundu ebibeera ku bantu bikyali ebyo ebikyasinze okukwata ku bulamu bw'abantu butereevu: bizimba enguudo, biddukanya ebisomero, bikuuma emizannyo, birwanirira layisensi, era biyamba mu ku bwetaavu obw'omu kitundu.

Gavumenti ya Munno: Abantu Beetaaga Amaanyi

Ebika n’Ebitiibwa

Gavumenti y'omu kitundu kino y'efuga ebitundu by'ensi bingi mu Amerika. Mu Amerika mulimu gavumenti nga 90,000 ez'omu Amerika, nga mwe muli n'obuwandu bwa gavumenti, obubuga, ettaka, disiturikiti ez'enjawulo (nga gano ge mazzi oba ebitundu ebiziyiza omuliro), ne disiturikiti z'essomero. Enteekateeka eyo ekyukakyuka okusinziira ku gavumenti, naye gavumenti z'omu kitundu zigoberera ekimu ku bika bisatu: [-councl (ya dayirective meeya meeya meeya ssessageka ne k'omuliro), era n'akolera mu bukiiko obukola nga bwa gavumenti.

Obuvunaanyizibwa

Gavumenti z’omu kitundu zikolera abantu ebintu ebisobola okubakosa oba okubakosa nga bino:

  • Obukuumi [[Akabonero:0]:[[Akabonero:1] Akakiiko k'abapoliisi n'akkolero g'omuliro, ebitongole eby'obujjanjabi n'okugobererwa kw'amaddagala.
  • [[AZIMBI]] Amakubo:[[AK:1] Amakubo, enguudo, enguudo, amakubo, enkulaalo, ensulo ez'amazzi, kazambi, ne kakyafu.
  • [[Act:0] Enjigiriza:[ amasomero aga siniya gatwalibwa buteesite oba abalabirizi ba disitulikiti.
  • [[AWULA]] Obuwuzi n'eby'okwesanyusaamu: apaakitiki za lukale, amaterekero g'amaterekero, ebidiba, n'ebigo.
  • Enkola ey'okulabirako mu [[NKALA] Ensi:[[AK'AMU] Ebiragiro ebifuga okuzimbibwa, enkbeera n'okukola entegeka enzikkiriza, esalawo omulimu ogw'okukola ebinaazimbibwa.

Ssente ezikozesebwa

Gavumenti za mu kitundu zikuŋŋaanya ssente okuyitira mu [ Ssente eziweebwa obutereevu (emisolo ku ttaka ne ku bizimbe) era ne emisolo nga gikozesebwa ku kugula ebintu. Era ziweebwa n'obuyambi okuva ku gavumenti. Gavumenti nnyingi era zikuŋŋaanya ssente ez'emirimu gy'emirimu gamba ng'amazzi, empandika, ne layisensi. Olw'okuba ebintu bye bisibukako, embalirira y'ebbanja batera okwoleka eby'obugagga bw'ekifo.

Ebyokulabirako bya Gavumenti y’Omu Buwangwa nga Bikolebwa

  • Olukiiko lw'ekibuga okulonda okwongera ku ssente ezikozesebwa mu nteekateeka z'abavubuka abava mu ssomero.
  • Ekitongole ky'ensi eyo kikkiriza ekitongole ekitegeka ensaalwa okukozesebwa okukendeeza ku kasasiro.
  • Ekkolero erimu litandika okusomesa ebisomebwa mu kubala oluvannyuma lw'ebiragiro ebikolebwa mu kitundu.
  • Ekibuga kiriko omusango ogugaana abantu okutandikawo ennyumba empya.

Gavumenti: Omufuzi w’Obutonde Bwonna

Bisengeke

Buli gavumenti erimu amatabi ga mirundi esatu: eragisa (gavana, atera okulondebwa okuba na dekanara ey'emyaka ena), era nga kiragibwa nga kiragiddwa[[[FLT:]] (mu kkooti enkulu]].

Obuvunaanyizibwa

Gavumenti zikozesa ekyo ekibakolera mu Kulongoosebwa kw’Ekkumi.

  • [[Act:0] Enjigiriza:[[[NKULA] State zissaawo emitindo egigobererwa abasomesa, ebisaanyizo ebigobererwa abasomesa, n'ebikwata ku kuwagira enkola ezigobererwa amasomero ga gavumenti. ( Gavumenti egaba 8% ey'e Ssente ze kiwandiisa nga kiyimirizzaamu omutwe I ne I-IDEA.)
  • [[Act:0]] 'Edda n'ekitongole eky'eby'entambula bwe kiba kizimba n'okukuuma enguudo, enzigi, oba enkola ey'obuddukirize (um'omunga, oba ssittaani, oba yaisi) munda w'ebitundu.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Obulungi n'embeera ennungi:[ State zikozesa eya Medicaid (ya insuwalensi y'obulamu ey'ekitongole esobola okugobererwa abantu abaaw'esaawo obutono), insuwalensi ey'omulimu, ne programu ez'eby'obulamu bw'abaana.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Obukuumi n'amateeka: poliisi y'ensi (akuuma ebya waggulu), ebikolerwako ebigo, n'empandika z'abamenyi b'amateeka bisinziira ku mateeka.
  • [[AK:0] Obulagirizi n'etteeka: Layisensi z'ensi ezijjanjaba abalwadde, bannamateeka, bannamwanyi, abasala enviiri, abatunzi b'eby'ettaka, n'abalala abakola emirimu emirala. Era bategeka ndukusa,tensi, ne ebizimbe ebirala bingi.
  • OKUSALAWO [[AK'AWULA:0]:[[[NKUMBO:1] State zifuga “ekiseera, ekifo, n'engeri” eby'okulonda (okugondera obulabirizi) n'okulonda enzivvuunuzi ez'enkola ez'ekika n'ez'eggwanga) era ne zikuba z'ebitundu ebitegese enzivvunuzi n'ez'okukuŋŋaana.

Ssente ezikozesebwa

. Okukuŋŋaanya emisolo gye basasula[ (masaza nga mwenda gataalina musolo gwa gavumenti), emisolo gye basasula[ (era emisolo egisangidwa 4%-8% ku bintu ebisinga obungi), n'emisolo egitali gimu (g. ku muteero, mwenge, mwenge, taaba). Era gavumenti ezimu ziweebwa ebizisasula emisolo ku mirimu nga Médicaid ne ku mazukusi.

Gavumenti Ekolera mu Buweereza

  • Olukiiko lwa gavumenti luwa etteeka erippya eririmu omusaala omutono ku gufumbo gwa gavumenti.
  • Gavana yalangirira nti wagenda kubaawo akatyabaga oluvannyuma lw'omuyaga ogw'amaanyi okuyita era n'asindika Abakuumi b'eggwanga.
  • Kkooti enkulu efuga amateeka obanga etteeka ery’okulonda kkaadi liteekeddwa wansi wa ssemateeka wa gavumenti.
  • Ekitongole kya gavumenti ekitendeka abaana kyateekawo emitindo emipya egikwata ku kuyigiriza ssaayansi ku kompyuta mu masomero ga siniya.

Gavumenti Efuga Obuwabuzi: Obuyinza bw’Eggwanga

Amatabi Asatu n’Ebitundu Ebigezo

Ekiragiro kya U.S. kitandikawo gavumenti erimu amatabi asatu ag'enkalubo okukebera obuyinza bwa buli omu. ettabi lya tteeka eririna okukolebwa nga lissawo amateeka. Convension kissaawo amateeka. Ekiragiro kya kampala kifuga olukiiko olulina abakiikirira (435 mu bitundu, ekyagattibwa abantu, ekyalondebwa buli myaka ebiri) ne Akakiiko akaawulibwamu (100, ebibiri ku buli ggwanga, ebinombe ebibiri mu mwaka. Ekiwandiiko eby'ebtabi ebitegekebwa obukiika mukaaga. Ekitongole ekitegekebwa omukulembeze w'eggwanga, abakwasisa amateeka, n'okukwata ebiva mu mawanga. [FLD][FFFFFFF]

Obuvunaanyizibwa

Gavumenti erina amaanyi [[Akatundu:0] agateekeddwa mu kitundu I, Ekigabane 8 eky'Amateeka. Mu bino mwe muli:

  • [[AB'OKULWANYISA] ENTALO:[[AK'AKA]] Emirimu gy'amagye, ssente ze gikozesebwa mu by'okwerinda, n'ebyala by'olutalo biba bigendera ku gavumenti.
  • [[AKYONGERA:0] Ebintu ebikolebwa Bannaggwanga oba endagaano:[ Prezida ateesa ku ndagaano (yakkiriziddwa Ssetmenti) era akiikirira Amerika mu nsi endala.
  • [[AK'AWULA:0] Okusannyalaza n'okukyusaamu kw'ebintu:[[FULT:1] amateeka aga 'Federal' geefuga engeri gye gayingira mu nsi, afuuka omutuuze, era n'embeera y'abantu abatali ba nukuta.
  • [[Act:0] Obusuubuzi obw'omu ssaza: The Clausce Congress ewa obuyinza ku kutegeka ebizimbe wakati w'amawanga, ekiba kitwalibwa okuba nga kirina kye kikola ku by'enfuna bingi.
  • [[AKM:0] Obubonero ne banka: gavumenti ekola ebinusu, ekuba ssente ku mpapula, era n'etegeka amabbake okuyitira mu 'Federal Reserve'.
  • Obuweereza bw'oku Postal mu Amerika busobozesa omulimu guno okusindika obubaka mu nsi yonna.
  • Ekitundu eki' : obwa obwa kkopi n'obukwata ku biwandiiko bya gavumenti biweebwa gavumenti ya gavumenti.
  • [[Akawulu:0] K'etteeka erifuga engeri y'okukwatamu eddembe ly'ekiwandiike.[[FULT:1] Amateeka nga akakko akakwata ku ddembe lya kinnamateeka aka 1964 kagaana obusosoze olw'eggwanga, et'enkula, eddiini, obukaba, oba ensibuko y'eggwanga.

Ssente ezikozesebwa

Gavumenti ekuŋŋaanya emisolo gye bafuna [ (ensibuko y'essente esinga obunene), emisolo okugyawulirira[ [ku kitongole kya Kitebenke], [[FULT]]] era n'empewo egabaanyizibwa, [[FULT]][[FULT:7]]] (ku mu by'oguzi, omwenge, tayivii]) era eyinza okwewola ssente nga kiragira ekitongole kya ggwanga. Ebbanja liba ligenda liba nga litunda ssente nnyingi. Ebbanja ebiziikibwa mu nsi yonna bigabanyizibwa mu by'ebbaakero (egaak'ebbabbalibwa mu kifo eky'ebbajjulo, ne mu ngeri y'obukuumibwa bulijjo (muteebukuumibwa).

Gavumenti Ekola nga Gavumenti Ekola

  • Consell awaayo ssente eziwerera ddala doola obuwumbi bwa doola 1,2 ez’eby’obugagga okuddaabiriza enguudo, enzigi, n’emisanvu.
  • Prezidenti ateeka akakiiko akalagira abatongole ba kakiiko akakola ku nkyukakyuka z’embeera y’obudde.
  • Kkooti Esingira Ennyo eteeka etteeka nti etteeka lya gavumenti erikwata ku kuggyamu embuto teri mu bufunze wansi w’omutemwa gwa gavumenti.
  • Ekitongole ekirabirira embeera mu kampani (FeMA) kitegeka ekibamba okudduukirira akatyabaga oluvannyuma lwa musisi ow'amaanyi.

Engeri y’Okukolaganamu n’Abalala mu Mitendera Esatu

Tebalina gavumenti namba gye zikola nga zigabanyiza. Gavumenti zikolera wamu, zikolagana wamu ku mirimu egimu era emirundi egimu zikontana. Kino kiyitibwa [ enkolagana eza gavumenti[. Ebyokulabirako bizingiramu:

  • Obuvunaanyizibwa obusabidwa: Gavumenti egabana ebitundu 55 ku buli kikumi eby'empuku ensawo ez'enguudo, naye efuga engeri y'okuzikulaakulamu n'okuzimba enguudo, era ne gavumenti ez'omu bibuga zikuuma enguudo nnyingi.
  • Ekiragiro '[[NKULU]] Ekiragiro kiwandikiro ezitakola:[ era ne kisobozesa ebiva mu kutwala ssente ez'ebitundu n'ebitundu ebirabirwa okutwalibwa mu bitundu eby'ebitundu n'ebyabyo (eg., obuyigirize bw'abayizi abaliko obulemu).
  • Amateeka bwe gafuga ekitundu oba gavumenti, kifuga amateeka aga wansi. Kkomo, amateeka ag'ensimbi agafuga amatwale ga nukuliya, gaggyawo obunene bw'obuyinza bw'obuyinza bwa nukuliya.
  • [[AKMENT:0] Amanya agafuga enfuga ez'enjawulo: Gavumenti zombi zisobola okusasula, okwewola ssente, okuzimba enguudo n'okussaawo kkooti. Bwe zikontana, ekitongole ekiyitibwa Supremacy Claus (Article VI) kissaawo amateeka agasinga obukulu mu ggwanga.

Okumwenyigiramu mu Bitundu by’Omulimu

Buli ggwanga lirina engeri ez'enjawulo ez'okusobola okwenyigiramu:

  • [[AKMENT:0] Okulonda mu buli kalulu: Okulonda okw'omu kitundu (kakiiko k'essomero, akakiiko k'ekibuga, meeya) kuba na kulonda kutono, kwe kugamba, okulonda kwo kumu kukulu nnyo. Leka n'eggwanga b'eraga ani awandiika amateeka agakwata ku mulimu gwo, ku bulamu bwo, ne ku kuwummula.
  • Enkuŋŋaana ezitegekebwa mu bibuga zituuka ku ddaala lya bonna: Olukiiko olw'ebibuga, ebitongole ebikola ku ssemazinga, n'enkuŋŋaana ezibeera ku ssomero bitera kukkirizibwa eri abantu bonna. Okubaawo kukusobozesa okuwulira ebiteeso, okwebuuza ebibuuzo, n'okubuuza ebibeeraliikiriza.
  • [[NKULA] Kino kitegeeza nti oba osanze ababaka bo: Abakungu bonna abalondeddwa(*) okuva ku kkampuni y'ekibuga okudda ku kampuni y'omu Amerika(oba nazo obwannakyewa n'abakulu b'emirimu.) Okukubira essimu entonotono oba ennyantaviiri mu ngeri ey'ekitiibwa kiyinza okubaako kye kikola ku ndowooza yaabwe ku nsonga emu.
  • [[Act:0] Ssaawo ku kabaawo oba ku mulimu: Gavumenti nnyingi ezirina ebifo ebya nnakyewa (ekitongole ekikola ku mulimu, akasawo akadda mabega, oba ku busengeke obw'okuyita ku kiwandikiro). Eno y'engeri entuufu ey'okusengekesaamu enkola ey'okusengeka ebizimbiddwa mu bisenge ebyo.
  • Fubanga okumanyibwa: Bw'obanga otegese ensibuko z'amawulire ezikuutira ekiragiro, eby'obufuzi, eby'omu kitundu, eby'omu ggwanga oba eby'obufuzi bya ggwanga. Sebenzisa emikutu gya gavumenti (USA.gov[]] okufuna ebifa ku gavumenti, okusobola okukakasa obutuufu bw'amateeka agafuga enfuga enfuga.gov]
  • [[Act:0] Advocate mu nsonga:[ Kye kimu oba ebibiina ebiwagidde abantu okufuna obuyambi okukusobozesa okukola ku nsonga ezo. Obukujjukujju n'obukujjukujju bitera okuleetera abantu okukola enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi okusinga kaweefube ow'eggwanga.

Olufundikira: Enkola Eyakolebwa Okusobozesa Omuntu Okwenyigiramu

Gavumenti z'eggwanga erimu zikolako ensonga ezikwata ku mbeera z'eggwanga lya Isiraeri. (ndala) mitendera esatu egya gavumenti y'Amerika (local, ssemat, state, ne ssemat) gifuula enkola ey'enjawulo wakati w'obuyinza obw'omu matwale gamu n'enkola eza ggwanga. Gavumenti bw'eba nga ekolako ku nsonga ezikwata ku ggwanga oba ku mbeera z'ensi yonna, gavumenti z'eggwanga ziwa enteekateeka ez'okukola ku mirimu gy'obudde ne ku nsonga z'ekiragiro, era ne gavumenti z'omulembe zisobozesa abantu okukola ebiteeso nga basinziira ku ngeri gye balagamu obulamu bw'abantu. Okutegeera kuno tekusinziira ku bantu bokka ku ngeri gye bafugamu. mpuliziganya eno y'ensonga ey'amaanyi. Singa oli muyizi ateekateeka ekiteeso, oba omu kuteekateeka ekiteesobo, oba omutuuze w'ekigezo nga yeebuuza engeri gye bayinza okuleetawo enjawulo, ng'ebyo by'ebyo by'oyiga okuva mu buli mu kifo ky'ebyo by'ebyo ebikolebwamu. Abantu mu gavumenti gye bakola, ge by'eba