Essomero ly’Electoral Kye Ki?

Electoral College ye nkola eyateekebwawo Akatundu II ak'amateeka ga Amerika era oluvannyuma ne kalongoosebwa oluvannyuma n'ebiwandiiko 12 ebitongozebwawo mu kiseera eky'okulonda pulezidenti era omumyuka wa prezidenti. Kano kabaamu abalonde 538, nga buli ssematabir'ewaamu balondebwa omuwendo gwa bannannyini balonde abenkanankanankana omuwendo gwa bannaago (bulijjo babiri) n'ababakabakabaka ba U.S. (ababakabaka bamemba ab'eggwanga (abaawunzi baawunzika okusinziira ku kubalibwa kw'abalabisi mu deccuumment). Disitulikiti ya Columbia eweebwa basatule basatu wansi w'e 23 Amerekaddoosa. Okusobola okuwangula abalonderwamu.

Buli kibiina kya gavumenti bwe kikuba amabala ku balonda mu lukalala lwa desitulikiti nga terinnaba kutuuka ku lunaku olw'okulonda. Abatuuze bwe bakuba obululu ku mukulembeze w'eggwanga, baba balonda omupakasi eyakisuubiza okulonda omukulembeze. Mu masaza 48 ne disiturikiti ey'e Columbia, omuteesiteesi afuna obululu obusinga okumanyibwa mu ggwanga eryo awangula obululu bwonna obuba bugobererwa (enteekateeka y'okulonda omukulembeze w'ekitongole). Mane ne Nebraska akozesa enkola eya disitulikiti ekola ku mukolo omu omulonde mu lukiiko lw'eggwanga oluwangulwamu n'obuvwootesi 2.

Engeri Essaawa mu Kompuliro Eza Eza Ebiri mu Kakiiko Akakola Ennyo

Ku lunaku olusooka olw'obwawokubiri mu Ddesemba, abalonde batandika okulonda abalonde. Abalonda basisinkana mu kasaloosawuni nga bakuba kasaze ku Lwokusatu mu mwezi gwa Ddesemba okusindika ebirooto byabwe. Kalulu zino zisindikibwa ku kakiiko akategese era ne zibalirwa mu butongole ku mwezi gwa Jjanwali 6. Singa omuteesiteesi yenna atuuka ku kavvuunulizo w'abalonde 270, Ekigo ky'Ababaka kisalawo pulezidenti (mutuuze nga akalulu akamu akakuba akalulu, akawumba akasimu akatuunta nga kaagibwa mu mwaka gwa 1800 ne 1824, ebyafaayo bino bikolebwa emirundi ebiri gyokka.

Abavumirira bakitegedde nti amateeka gonna agaawangula gasinga olulu olukalala lw'eggwanga: omunyago ayinza okukuŋŋaanya emitendera eminene mu nsi enkuumi naye n'afiirwa empaka ez'okumpi mu nsi ezibundabunda ate n'awangula obululu obusinga obungi nga tewali bangi babutaddewo.

Emisingi Emingi Egiganzibwa: Gimu ku Mitendera Mikulu Nnyo Naye Mikulu Nnyo

Okulonda okw'omulembe kwenkanankana n'obw'abantu abalondeddwa okusobozesa buli omu okulonda abeere omubaka asaanira mu ggwanga lyonna. Kyongera ku ekyo buli munnabyabufuzi ky'ayagala. Mu nkola y'okulonda ekkirizibwa mu ggwanga, buli kalulu kabe kalonda wa gavumenti, era nga ke kalonda asinga okulondebwa okukkirizibwa. Kyokka, tteeka lya U.S. teriwa ggwanga langi ekkirizibwa mu ggwanga okulonda pulezidenti; koleema y'omuvwoota y'omulembe ogwa bulijjo ye ngeri ekkirizibwa mu mateeka. Alipoota y'eggwanga erya bulijjo tezikola nga bwe yakulagibwa mu ggwanga eririmu.

Wadde nga kino kibaddewo, abakuba akalulu beeyongera okukola ng'akabonero akakulu mu by'obufuzi.Akakiiko akatera okuwangula akalulu akagazi okuyita “olunaku,” ne bwe kagwa mu kkolero lya Electoral College. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu 2012 Back Obama baawangula obululu bwonna obw'amaanyi n'obw'okulonda, naye mu 2016 Hillary Clinton yawangula abakulonda okwa bulijjo okwakolebwa abantu nga 2,9,000,000 baafiirwa kooleji y'okulonda.

Enjawulo Ezisingawo Wakati w’Ekkolero ly’Abalenzi n’Eby’Abasomi Abamanyiddwa Ennyo

Enjawulo enkulu y'ekisingidde mu bitundu by'ensi ebinene. enjawulo eriwo mu bitundu by'ensi ebinene n'ebizitookebwa ebinene. Mu ngeri y'emu, mu pulintayo mu bantu abalondesa obunene obunene bw'obunene bw'obugazi bw'ebifo by'ensi. Omunonda mu Wyoming alina okulonda abantu abalonderako obukadde 3.3 buli kakadde, ate nga n'omuno alonda mu California alina abanoonyi 1.2. Okukyusa kuno kusobozesa ebifo ebisinga obungi mu bya byalo okubaamu abantu abangi.

Ekirala eky'enjawulo bwe bukoddyo obweyambisibwa mu kaweefube. Mu kaweefube ow'okukuba kampeyini, kaweefube oyo assibwa essira ku “nsi y'amasaza agatambula" – okuvuganya. Ekiragiro kaweefube yenna ageeyambisibwa mu kulonda, bwe guba 2020, okukyalanga ku kaweefube yenna ne ssente ze kimalira ku masaza mukaaga oba musanvu (umb. Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsien, Florida, Arizona, North Carolina). Mu kiseera kya kaweefube okulonda, kaweefube ow'okusinga okusobola okugaziya buli wamu nga mw'otwalidde n'amawanga amalala amalala, nga gayinza okweyongera obululu obungi.

Ebintu Ebiyamba Abatuuze n’Engeri y’Okweyisaamu

Okukyusa Enkyukakyuka

Abatuuze abali mu bitundu ebibeeramu abantu abatono ennyo basobola okulonda mu Electoral College okusinga abo abali mu nsi ennene. Kino kyali kigendererwa eky'okuziyiza ebitundu eby'amaanyi okuva mu bitundu ebinene eby'omulembe guno. Kyokka, era kitegeeza nti obuyinza bw'omunoga bw'omululu bwesigamye nnyo ku kuvuganya kw'eggwanga lyabwe. Omuntu ali mu Texas ey'omu ttwale oba omu Republic mu California ayinza okulondawo “bw'okuba ebiva ku nkomerero y'eggwanga byateerebwa dda. Kino kitegeeza nti ekiteeso kya gavumenti kiyinza okukyusiza ennyo mu nsi ezitali nfuze, gye kisinziira nti teyenyigidde ku ebyo ebiva mu ggwanga.

Ebitongole Ebyakolebwanga ku Bitundu by’Enjawulo n’Ebyasa Obusatu

Ekiragiro ekyawangula okulondamu bonna tekiyinza kulemesa kulonda olw'okuba okulonda omuntu omuto kutwalibwa nga “omubbi” ayinza okuyamba omukulembeze w'ekibiina nga tasoose kutwala bukulu.

Abantu tebeefiirayo

Abatuuze bwe batwala okulonda okuba okw'amaanyi mu ggwanga lyabwe nga tekubalirira, bayinza okusoberwa ddala. Mu 2020, omuwendo gw'eggwanga gwatuuka ku 66% – ku waggulu mu kyasa okutuusa naye nga bakyayita mu bitundu ebitebenkevu wakyali watono okusinga mu bitundu ebibuuka. Ng'ekyokulabirako, California yalina obulobozi emirundi 70% Pennsylvania bwe yalina 72% ne Michigan 73%, wadde nga yali y'eggwanga eddene. Enjawulo eyo wadde nga ntono, eraga nti ne mu myaka egyakaludde egya waggulu, Electoral College eyinza okukendereza obuteenyisi mu bitundu ebitali bya 76.

Enkaayana ez’Okutegeka Essomero

Abo abawagira enkola eyo bagamba nti kiyamba mu kukuuma obulembe obutonotono ne mu byalo, era nti abo ababa bagenda okukuba obululu tebasobola kwerabira bitundu byonna.

Okugatta ku ekyo, ekitongole ekiyitibwa Electoral College kisobola okutegeeza ekinaavaamu ng'okulonda okungi kuwedde. Mu 2000, okulonda kwasalibwawo ebikumi bitono ebikenye mu Florida – naye okulonda okwali ku mabbali (271 v. 266) kwasobozesa oyo eyawangula okuwangula. Wadde nga teyali ku Electoral College, okubala okw'eggwanga lyonna kuyinza okutaalimu ebizibu era okw'ekiseera ekiwanvu. Mu nkomerero, enkola eno eyinza okubaamu enkyungi mu mateeka; enkyukakyuka yonna eyinza okutwetaagisa okutereeza empannukuta empandika empandika y'amateeka mu Congresstytyty instyreess ne rattationsssssssssssssssssssssss, nga terimusobola kukyusaamukimalimutikkusi.

Empewo Ezaasanyusa Abaganzi

Abawagizi b'eggwanga okulonda balaga okulingana kwa demokulase: okulonda kwa buli muntu kulina okuba n'obunene bwe bumu. Bagamba nti Electoral College emenya “omuntu omu, akalulu akamu” omusingi okuva ku kuganyisibwa obutundu obutono obwa waggulu. Era bagamba nti abo abagenda okulondebwa bafaayo ku nsonga ezisinga obukulu eziba zitegekebwa mu ggwanga, ate nga buli omu tafaayo ku byetaago by'ensi ezisigaddeyo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, ensonga gamba ng'amaanyi agazzibwa obuggya mu nsi ezikongoyiye oba okuziddaabiriza obugobeetera okuzibwa, ziyinza obutaweebwa butono olw'ensonga ezisinga obukulu ezizikwata ku ku lubala olw'ensi.

Ate era, okulonda okwa bulijjo kuyinza okwongera omupakasi ku budde bw'eggwanga. Omutindi yandyetaaze okukuba akalulu mu buli ggwanga mu bitundu 50, si mu bifo ebitono kyokka. Kino kiyinza okukendeeza ku kyenyi eky'abalonde abatonotono mu mawanga agatambula, mu kifo eky'okwongera ku kwagala kw'eggwanga. Okulonda okugasinga era kuyinza okukendeeza ku kukisa kya muteeso oyo afiirwa obululu naye n'awangula obukulembeze, bangi bwe batwala ng'ekizibu eky'okulonda abantu abangi.

Enkyukakyuka Zaateekebwawo era n’Ekakiiko k’Enzikiriza y’Ekitongole Ekyeyagalwa mu ggwanga

Olw'okuba okukkirizisa tteeka lino si kyangu, ekibiina ekikyusa eby'enkola kiwanyisiddwa mu National Popular Vote Interstate Conciation (NPVIC). Wansi w'endagaano eno, ebitongole byawa abalonde bonna abawangudde akalulu akatongole akafuga ab'eggwanga, naye gavumenti zonna zigenda kutuuka ku bavvuunulizi 270. Mu 2025, ebiwango 17 awamu ne disitulikiti ya Columbia zissa omukono ku, nga zivvuunyezza obuvvuzi 209 obukola obuvvumba obuvvuunulizi. Abasosoze bawakanya amateeka gaago era bawakanya nti okulondebwa okwo kuyinza okuvumizibwa mu kkooti oba okuvumizibwa mu mawanga agamu.

Ebiteeso ebirala ebikolebwa okuzza enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'enkola bitwaliramu okuggyawo Electoral College ng'eyita mu kukyusa ku kkolero (ekyetaagisa olukuŋŋaana olw'amateeka oba ebibiri mu bitundu byombi, wamu n'ebibiri n'ebibiri emirundi esatu ebikozesebwa mu magye – ebbaala aga waggulu), okukyuka n'okukyusa enkola y'enkola ey'okutegeka mu ggwanga lyonna mu nsi yonna, oba okuteekawo alipoota ezigabanyiikiddwamu ku bannaago (ewa omuteesi omugasooti gulina sente okusinziira ku ku ku nnogo ezibalibwa ennyo gavumenti). Buli ekiteeso kikkiriza ekikoleddwa kikkirizo kikireetera okukyuukawo wakati w'obusobo, obwenkanya n'ensonga ez'ebyobufuzi.

Ebyokulabirako eby’Ebyafaayo Ebiraga Ebibaddewo

  • [[NKULULA] 1824:[ Andrew Jackson yawangula okulonda okwa bulijjo naye n'afiirwa obukulembeze mu Nnyumba ey'abakiikirira ababaka eri John Quincy Adams olw'okuba tewali muteesi n'omu eyafuna obululu bungi.
  • [[AKMENT:0] 76:[ Samuel Tilden yawangula okuvwoota okwa bulijjo naye n'afiirwa obukulembeze bwa Rutherford B. Hayes oluvannyuma lwa kawerefu mu kunoonyereza okwakolebwa ku nkyukakyuka yawa abavvuunulizi bonna abaagootaanye okulonda Hayes.
  • Grover Cleveland yawangula okulonda okwa bulijjo naye n'afiirwa akalulu ka Benjamin Harrison.
  • [[AKM:0] : Al Gore yawangula okulonda okw'abangi abasoba mu 5400,000 naye n'afiirwa Electoral College eri George W. Bush ku mabbali 271-266 oluvannyuma lw'okusala olukalala lwa kkooti enkulu Florida.
  • [[NKULA] 2016]:[[FLT] Hillary Clinton yawangula okulonda okwa bulijjo ng'aweyambisa obuwumbi nga 2.9 ku buli kawumbi (ebitundu 2.1 ku buli kikumi) naye yafiirwa College ey'omu Electoral eya Donald Trump (304/27).

Abavvuunuzi bangi beemulugunya nti obululu bwabwe buyinza okusaasaana singa bannasayansi bagoberera endowooza y'ensi eno.

Ebyakwata ku Kaweefube w’Eby’Eby’Obusuubuzi

Kampeyini ezikola ku kunoonyereza era ezikwata ku mitendera egitali gimu zitwalibwa ng'ebifo ebirongoose mu masaza agatali ga process. Kino kitegeeza nti mu bitundu ebitambula nga processions, mu bitundu ebirala, abantu bakendeeza ku by'okulango, era ne batagenda ku bajulizi. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu kalulu eya 2020, 96% ey'abamala obusawo baasaasaanyizibwa mu bitundu 12 byokka, Pennsylvania yokka gye yafuna doola z'obuwumbi bwa ddoola nga saawunta.

Kino kiyinza okuleetera bannabyabufuzi okuwa obukujjukujju ebintu nga bayisa embalirira y'ensi mu ngeri ey'enkukanya, nga basobozesa gavumenti okugula ssente eziba zikosebwa obutyabaga, n'okukola emirimu egikolebwa ku bannabyabutongole. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa abannasayansi John N.Friedman ne Richard Hoden baakizuula nti okukebejja okw'ensimu eziwerera abantu nga 7 ku buli kikumi mu ssente ezifunibwa gavumenti z'ensi yonna okusinga ezo ezirimu obukuumi. Abawaka baanyi abawaanyi bagamba nti kino kye kika kya “ente enkusu.” ekifuula ekibumbe ekyo okuba kyenkanankanankana.

Eri abatuuze, ekiyinza okuvaamu kwe kuba nti obusobozi bwabwe obw'okukyusa ku nkola ya pulezidenti bwesigamye nnyo ku ngeri gye bakubamu empaka mu ggwanga lyabwe. Omunonda ali mu mbeera entebe gye zibeeramu ayinza obutawulira bulungi kuyiga bikwata ku bifo bya nnannyini kugenda ku lukuŋŋaana oba okulonda, mu ngeri eyo ntono, mu ngeri y'okukendeeza obumula obukola endagaano mu ggwanga. Ku luuyi olulala, abalonde mu mawanga agatambula bafuuka “nga basinga bannannyini lululu mu ngeri nti ebyo bye baagala bikolebwa ebitongole byombi. Kino era kiyinza okuleetera abalonde abo ababalonda okufuna obuyinza, naye kireetawo obutali bumu ku mawanga mangi agafuga amagye.

Ekifo ky’Emikolo egy’Okusatu

Abo abagenda okulonda mu bitundu ebisinga obungi, tebayinza kuwangula kalulu. Wadde nga 93partiall awangula ekitundu eky'enkunasatu eky'okulonda mu nsi yonna (g., Ross Perot' 18.9% mu 1992), bayinza okulonda obululu obw'enkola ya bavvunsi. Kino kinyweza okulonda okwa bulijjo okw'eggwanga, perlictives perlifticess baayinza okuwangula omugabo ku politiki ey'omulembedde, so nga siwanya ekiwandikiro, ne bwe kiba nga tekimala, kiyinza kubaako kye kiyinza okukola oba okukyusiza. Abamu ku ku nsonga ezikkirizibwa ziyinza okukkirizibwa mu Elctor Collegery (oba okugumya) ziyinza okuggula abantu mu n'ebyobufuzi.

fundikira

Obuzibu obuliwo wakati wa Electoral College ne project bukulu nnyo mu nkola za demokulase mu Amerika: okusittuka obugattika, okwenkanankana, n'okufuga. Abatuuze bategeera enkola y'ensi kye kintu ekisooka mu kunyumya n'okukyusaamu. Wadde nga Electoral College enywedde ku mateeka, okukuba empaka n'enkula y'omuddoozi nga NPVIC biraga nti enkyukakyuka ziyinza okubaawo, ne bwe kiba nga kikaluube. Abatuuze bayiga engeri gavumenti gye zilondamu obululu era ne batwalamu okukkirizisaamu emitindo egigendera ku mitindo gyabwe egigendera ku mpisa zaabwe. Mu nkomerero, enkola eyinza okubeeyongera oba okuzimbulukuzibwa, enkola eno esigala nga emanyiddwawo omusingi gwa gavumenti ennungi.

Okumanya ebisingawo, laba [[NKUMBO] National TTEREKEROLY ku Electoral College, FairVote ey'okwekenneenya ebikolebwa mu ggwanga, ne [[FLT:] Center annyonnyola ebikwata ku nkola y'ekitongole ekya bulijjo. [FLT:]