Mu kiseera kino, ekigendererwa kyagootaanye okukomya obuddu obwa 15 oba obwakaddaaki obwali buwambiddwa ku ttuluba lya Amerika. Amawanga ga Afirika agaakamala okuteebwa mu byafaayo bya Amereka, kye kimu ku bintu ebikulu ennyo mu byafaayo bya Amereka. Kyokka, okulongoosebwa kw'amateeka okwakolebwa kwakolebwa mu mwaka gwa 1870 kwakolebwa kisobozese okutandikawo obwannannyini obwali obwa 15 obwa nkyukakyuka. Buwandiikibwa buleme okuzingirwa ku butali bwa bulijjo olw'okulwanirira obusokerowo olw'enjawukana mu mateeka, olw'okumenya amateeka, olw'obuyinza n'obuyinza n'obuyinza bw'eggwanga, era n'ensonga ey'ensonga eyaba nga kumpi ekyasazeeko esobola okukozesebwa. Okutegeera ensonga y'empalo yaatuufu teteekwa kumanyibwa.

Okuwa Eddembe nga Lunaku Terunnabaawo

Mu myaka egyasooka mu Amerika, okulonda kwakoma ku basajja abazungu, abeebeesaawo ebintu. Wadde nga ebyetaagisa by'obugagga byakendeera mpolampola mu kiseera kya Jacksonian, Abamerika abaafirika (okuba nga baali baddu oba nga ba ddembe) baaweerwangawo kumpi mu ggwanga lyonna. Mu kiseera kya ssematalo w'omunda, abantu abatonotono ab'enjawukana mu bukiika kkono be bokka abakkirizibwa okulonda, era ne mu kiseera ekyo, embeera zaabalamulwanyi abaddu baasaanye.

Entegeka ya Afirika ey’okulonda mu mateeka ng’olutalo lwa Circuit terunnabaawo yakwatibwako ensonga enkulu eziwerako:

  • Amateeka agafuga ensengeka ya siteeso: Ebitundu bingi eby'omu bukiika obwa kkono byawandiirira okulonda abazungu mu ssemateeka zaabwe eza ssemateeka zaabwe. New York, ng'ekyokulabirako, kyali kyetaagisa abavvuzi b'enjereere okuba n'ebintu eby'omuwendo gwa doola z'Amerika 50, so ng'ate abazungu tebaalina kukikola.
  • [[NT:0] Ekkubo Scott (1857) kye yasalirawo Dred Scott: mu kkooti enkulu ey'Amerika, yasalawo nti Abamerika tebaali batuuze mu Amerika era nti tebasobola kubeera batuuze ba Amerika. Ekyo kyaviirako okulonda mu mateeka g'eggwanga.
  • Obulombolombo n'okutiisatiisa eby'omu kitundu: Era ne mu bifo abaddugavu we baafunira obululu mu mateeka, baasoberwanga, baavumibwanga, era ne beesasuzanga.'''emirundi mingi ebifo ebyabangamu ebikolwa eby'obukambwe.
  • [[NKULA]] Obutaba na bukuumi bwa gavumenti: nga ssematalo ow'omunda tennabaawo, okulonda kumpi kwabanga kutuukiriza bisaanyizo bya gavumenti, era gavumenti tewaaliwo ngeri yonna kusoomooza mateeka agakwata ku kusosola mu langi.

Omwaka gwa 1860 we gwatuukira, mu Amerika, abantu abali ku kikumi baali babeera mu nsi ezaali zisobola okulonda abazungu.

Engeri Ebintu gye Byaddaabirizibwamu n’Eky’Okusaanyawo

Ssematalo Anivvuddoota yakyusa enkolagana wakati wa gavumenti ne gavumenti. Oluvannyuma lw'okuva mu kkomo, eggwanga lyayolekagana n'okusoomooza kwa maanyi okugatta obukadde buna obwa Bamerika abaakateebwa mu by'obufuzi ne mu mbeera z'abantu. Pulezidenti Abraham Lincoln yateebereza nti mu Apuli 1865, okuzzaawo obufuzi bwa Amereka kwalina okusobozesa obuvunaanyizibwa obw'amaanyi mu Congress, gavumenti eyasalawo nti amagye galina okubaako kye gakolawo okusobola okukuuma eddembe ly'abantu.

Mu 1868, okugezaako okutongoza eddembe ly'okulonda mu Afirika kyava mu kakwate ka Civil Rights akaakolebwa mu 1866, akalaga nti abantu bonna abaazaalibwa mu Amerika baali batuuze era nga balina eddembe lye limu. Kyokka, ekikolwa kino tekyayogera butereevu ku kulonda. Omutemwa ogw'ekirango ogw'okutongoza ogwa 14 ogwatongozebwa mu mwaka gwa 1868, gwawa ekiragiro eky'okutongoza obusika n'obukuumi obw'enkanankanankanankanankana wansi w'amateeka, naye gwalaga nti amateeka gaaleka olukiiko lw'eggwanga okukkirizisa obusika olw'ensonga ya ssuffilem. Ekitundu 2 ku Amereka tegassaako kabuliimu mateeka ga gavumenti 14 agakkirizisaamu abatuuze abakulu abatuuze mu by'okulonda nga bakendeereza obukiiko akakiiko akafuzi mu mwaka gwa 1868, naye tegaawera na ku ku ku kusosola mu langi.

Obuteeso obw'enkola zino bweyoleka bulungi nga gavumenti ez'omu bukiikaddyo nga zigoberera ebiwandiiko bya "Balangira Bannamerika," obwatandika okuyisa amateeka agakugira ennyo eddembe lya bannamerika. Amateeka gano gaalimu amateeka agakugira ennyo abantu mu Afirika. Amateeka gaagooleka enkola ez'okukola emirimu, n'enteekateeka endala ez'amateeka ezaategekebwa okukuuma abaddu abaalinga abaddu. Mu ngeri ey'akabonero, Radicalce Republicans, nga gakulemberwa alipoota nga Thadeus Stevens, Charles Sumner, ne Frederick Douglas, baagamba nti awatali kulonda, abantu ba Afirika bajja kusigala nga tebalina bukuumi mulala. Kkokko tekiragiro kya kabonero ke kyali kireeyoleka nti abaddu bennyini era n'abfuga.

Okukubagana Amaaso mu Nkuŋŋaana

Enkaayana ezaaliwo ku Mweefube ogw'omwenda 15 zaali za maanyi nnyo era nga zireeseewo ekiwandiikiro. Abawagizi baakiri baagamba nti okutereeza kwali kwetaagisa okutereeza ebweru w'embaga ey'e 14 era n'emyezi emitono egy'ettemu n'okutulugunyizibwa mu bukiikaddyo. Baasonga ku kutta okw'abadduga abaddugavu okwalimu aba Black ne New Orleans okwaviirako ebibinjabinja by'abazungu okulumba abantu, nga bujulizi obulaga nti awatali bukuumi bwa gavumenti, eddembe ly'abadduganyi teryama.

Obuziyiza bwava mu mateeka agatali gamu. Democrates ne Republicans baagamba nti okulonda kwali nsonga ya gavumenti era nti okutereezebwa kwali kutegeeza nti obusosoze obwali butegeeza okunyagibwawo ab'obuyinza. Abalala baatya nti okugoba kwandiggulidde oluggi lw'abakazi, ekintu ekyaviirako abasajja okusala olukunkumuli lw'amateeka. Mazima ddala, okulonda okukugira kwali kwa maanyi okw'olufulumya oluvanyuma lw'ebika ekkumi n'ekitundu mu langi okugaana obusoosa, naye nga tekwogerako ku kwegatta, ne kireetawo oluvanyuma lw'abakazi. Elizabeth Schanton ne Susan B. Anthony yawakanya okugoba abakazi kubanga tekwasizza abaddukirowo, nga bakuba obuwaanyi abazungu. Kyokka, Frederick Douglas, yawagira ekitongole ky'okugamba nti, nga bannaluwaza oluyimba olw'obuvumu olw'obuwamu.

'O' - ' Enkola y'ekitongole kino esembayo yakolebwa mu bufunze. 'O''' - 'O' - 'o' - 'busobozi' obwa nnamba' mu Amerika si kye kintu ekikkirizibwa oba okubunyisibwa mu ggwanga lyonna olw'enkula oba olw'enjereere oba olw'ekika kya langi oba olw'obuddu obwasooka'okubutuukiriza'.'[FLT 2: 'CURC' 'CURC' - Kino kirina obuyinza okuyisa mu nsonga eno egoberera amateeka agafuga ekika kya 'United States'."

Okutereeza kwakolebwa mu Lukiiko Olukulu mu Febwali 1869 era ne kukkirizibwa ebiwandiiko by'ensiri nga ssatu mu mwezi gwa Febwali 1870. Wabula, ebitundu ttaano eby'ebukiika ddyo(Missispi, Texas, Virginia, Georgia, Florida) byasabibwa okuddamu okuzza obubaka mu ggwanga eryo nga kisobozesa okuyisa ekirango kya Union.

Ebyakwata ku Jim Crow n’Okutandika Kwayo

Mu myaka egyasooka oluvannyuma lw'okumanyibwa, Amereka 15 Amereka bwe gaalonda abantu bangi mu bukiikaddyo, era ebikumi n'ebikumi n'ebikumi ne balondebwa mu ofiisi z'omu kitundu. Wakati wa 1870 ne 1901, ab'ekitongole kya Amerika babiri ab'omu Afirika (Harsels ne Blanche K. Bruce ow'e Mississippi) ne Amerika amakumi abiri baalondebwa mu Congress. Mu ssaza lya Bulaaya ne mu bitundu bya ssemazinga, abadduga, abadduga, ab'emassaawa, ab'ebitongole by'essomero, , meeya , ne massomero. Mu kiseera kino, kyatumiteetwanga "Puntrian Reconvgrady" oba "Bcial Recongradastorformation," baakiikirira enkola eya democraticism.

Bannabyabufuzi ba Amereka mu Afirika baaziyizibwa nnyo. Bannabyabufuzi baagezaako okukomya obululu obwa Bannaburawo, era baayigganyizibwa nnyo. Bannabyabufuzi nga Ku Klux Klan, League, ne Rew Shirts baalabikawo mu bukiika ddyo nga bakozesa obutujju, obulyi bw'entalo, n'okutiisatiisa okukomya omulimu gw'okukuba baddu abaddu. Aba Klan bye baayagala okukomya omulimu gw'okulonda Bannaburabu era n'abo bonna abaawagiranga krbanka ne b'abazungu mu kkompyutaafu. Mu 1870 ne 1871, Constantion yayisa ekiragiro mu ggwanga okumenya amateeka era ne kkolanga pulezidenti okulwanirira eddembe ery'okukuba ekitongole.

Ku nkomerero y'okulonda pulezidenti mu 1877, oluvannyuma lw'okuleetawo akakiiko akaagootaanyewo mu 1876 ne mu 1877, waaliwo enkyukakyuka ey'amaanyi. amagye ga freedali gaasumulwa mu bukiika ddyo era ekika kya Republican Party kyalekera awo okukweka obuvunaanyizibwa bw'okulonda baddukirize nga bawansi baase "Kinywevu mu bukiikaddiriŋŋana" ekyandiwagira entegeka empya ya Pulezidenti Rutherford B.Hayes. Gavumenti ya gavumenti yavaawo nga gavumenti ziggiddwawo, ne zivaawo mangu mu Southern Constantion.

Ebintu Ebitawaanya

Mu myaka gya 1880 emabega ne gye gyatandika mu myaka gya 1890 mu matandika g'emyaka gya 1900, amasaza g'omu bukiikaddyo gaateekawo olukalala lw'amateeka n'enkyukakyuka eza gavumenti ezaategekebwa okugoba Abafirika ku kulonda. Bino byakolebwa mu ngeri ey'amagezi okulabika nga bannaawulamu ab'enjawukana mu langi ku mpapula ate nga ku mabbali baggyewo ddala abatuuze b'abaddugavu abaddugavu. Eby'okukozesa ebikulu byali nga:

  • Obusobozi bw'okulonda bwasalibwanga okukebera: Abavota abayinza okugitegeera baasabibwa okusoma n'okunnyonnyola ekiwandiiko ekya ssemateeka w'eggwanga ekirimu ebigambo ebyabanga bya njawulo. Wadde nga abazungu bangi abalonde baali tebamanyi kusoma, aba bawandiisi ba gavumenti baaweebwanga amagezi okukebera ebigezo okusinziira ku langi ez'enjawulo. Abamerika baaweebwanga ebitundu ebitasoboka oba ebinafu eby'ebyawuka ate abavvuzi, ate abavvuzi b'ebwe baawereza emirundi mingi baatongozanga oba baaweebwanga ebitundu ebyangu okutegeera.
  • [[[AMERIKA:0] Emisolo egy'ekibanja: Gwabanga gulina okusasulwa okusobola okulonda, emirundi mingi okujjuzaamu, nga kitegeeza nti omuntu yalina okusasula emisolo emyaka mingi emabega. Omutemu ono omwavu mu Afirika eyabanga tasobola kusasula musolo. Abazungu bangi abaavu baakwatibwako, era ekyo kyeyavaako.
  • Ebitundu ebyasatu: Ebitundu ebimu b'ensi b'ewagidde abasajja obutasoma oba obutafuna bintu singa baali basaanira okulonda nga 1867, oba singa bajjajjaabwe baali bakkirizibwa. Okuva bwe kiri nti mu Amerika tewaaliwo kalulu eyo nga 1867, olufulumya lunaatera okusalwako, olukalala luno lwazirimu abazungu bokka. Kkooti enkulu yatta emitwe gy'abagogo abaawe abawagguuzi mu Guinn v. United States (1915), naye oluvannyuma lw'eba nga wamaliriddwawo, ekiragiro ekyo kyatandika.
  • [[AKM:0]] Principles eziba empanvu: mu kitundu kimu eky'omu bukiikaddyo, Democratic cokka kye kyali ekivvuunula eky'amakulu. Ebituuti by'e Democratic so ssaayansi bye byokka ebyatwalanga obunene bw'ekibiina kya bannannyini mu madaala ga mu Amerika ne bigaana okulonda mu nnyanjula. Kkooti enkulu yasala omusango guno mu Smith v.wright (19444), naye kyatwala emyaka mingi okulonda ebitongole ebiwandiikibwa mu Amerika okulonda.
  • [[AKMENT:0] Obukambwe n'okukanga: Wadde nga waaliwo amateeka, Abamerika mu Afirika baakubibwanga, baabwanga, baabwanga, baayiibwanga, era nga banyigirizibwa eby'enfuna gamba ng'okugobebwa mu nsi oba okufiirwa emirimu. Emirundi egisinga obungi ebikolwa eby'ettemu byagobererwanga abantu ne batabaako kye bakolawo mu kunoonyereza.

Omwaka 1900 we gwatuukira, ekisuubizo kya 15 eky'okukyusa Amereka kyakoma mu bukiikaddyo. Ng'ekyokulabirako, mu Louisiana, omuwendo gw'abavvuzi abawandiikiddwa aba Black wava ku 1,00,000 mu 1896 okutuuka ku 5,320 omwaka 1900, nga 96 ku kukendeera. Ebiwandiiko bya ngeri y'emu byabaawo mu bitundu byonna. Kkooti enkulu, mu nsalaze eza United States] v. Cruikshank[FLT] (18]) n'enkola eno ereeyinzige mu n'empaka ez'enkola nga [15], nga zikyawumba olukunkunkunkunkumba okulonda obululu, naye nga zikyava mu mateeka gaalekayo nago ag'okulonda langi. [F.[FULT] Enkola y'enkola eno ey'enkola ya alment arcentment arrement.

Okufuba Okuwagira Abalala

Mu myaka omukaaga egyaddirira, abantu ba Amerika baagezaako okulwanirira eddembe lyabwe ery'okulonda nga bayitira mu kusoomooza kw'amateeka, nga bateekateeka ebinywa ebisiige, era nga bayingira mu buyinza. Ebibiina nga National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), ebyatandikibwawo mu 1909, byateeka okulonda obusooto mu kifo kya waggulu.

Mu Ssematalo II, abajaasi b’Amerika abaali bawagidde demokulase mu nsi endala baddayo ewaabwe nga bamalirivu okukikuuma. Ssematalo ow’Ekimugunyu era yaleetawo enkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi mu Amerika, kubanga Amerika yali egezaako okulaga nti eddembe ery’enjawulo ku ly’omu Soviet Union.

Akakiiko Akagaba Eddembe n’Ekiwandiiko ky’Eddembe ly’Eddembe (Olw’Eddembe) ekya 1965

Mu kiseera kyaffe, ekitongole ekiyitibwa Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s ne 1960 kyateeka ekiteeso eky'okulonda mu kifo kya waggulu. Ekitongole kya Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955-1956), ebibiina ebituula awamu n'ekibiina kya Freedom Rides byonna byayamba nnyo mu kukulaakulanya enkyuukanya y'enkwaso z'enkwaso n'enkyukakyuka ez'okulonda. Mu Missississippi, omuyizi Nonborg Coordinidating Cooding Commentivement Commust, n'ebibiina ebikola okukaka okukaka okukaka okusobola okuwakanya gavumenti, nga bayigganyizibwa ab'obuyinza n'abazungu abawanjufu n'abo abatwala eddembe ly'okulonda. Okutta kw'okulonda eddembe ly'okulonda kwakolebwa kwa ba James Chaney, Andrewman, ne Michael Schwerner mu 1964 kwategekebwa mu ggwanga lya ggwanga.

Mu Maaki 1965, amagye gaayimirizibwawo mu Selma, Alabama, awaalwanira abaserikale abaali bagezaako okutambula okuva e Selma okutuuka e Montgomery okwetaasa obwannannyini obw'okukuba akalulu. Obulumbaganyi obwakolebwanga abajaasi ku Ssande nga bakozesa omukka oguva mu biwaawaatiro, ebitimbe, n'ebikuubo, bwasiimuula amasasiro mu ggwanga lyonna ne buleetera omuyaga. Mu kukola ekyo, Prezidenti Lytondon B.Johnson yatandikawo ekiteesomero kya Voting Rights Act mu 1965, kye yateekako etteeka nga Agusito 6, 1965.

Act des Rights ekyayisibwa mu nsi yonna kye kisingayo okuba eky'omuganyulo mu mateeka agakwata ku ddembe ly'abantu.

  • [[AKMENTI:0]] Okuteekawo etteeka eriragira enfuga n'enkola ey'okulonda, nga kiba kyetaagisa okumanyisa enkola ey'okulonda mu ngeri ereetera gavumenti okutongozaamu amateeka gaayo ag'okulonda.
  • [[NKULA] 5:[[AK'OMUTEEGEKE] Kyali kyetaagisa entegeka ez'omu 'somero' ez'omu tteeka eriggukako "preblic" okukola enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'okulonda mu kitongole ekikola ku musango oba ku kkooti ya disiturikiti ey'Amerika ekola ku lukiiko lwa Columbia.
  • [[AKITANDIKI] 2:[[AKITANDIKA:1] Yakkiriza enkola yonna ey'okulonda oba enkola yonna eyayawulwawo okusinziira ku langi oba langi.
  • [[Akabonero:0] Akakiiko akakebera oba akalabirako: Kalina olukusa gavumenti okusindika abakessi okukaka abavvunsi mu bitundu by'eggwanga ebitali bimu.

Akabonero kaakoma mangu. Mu mwaka gumu gwokka nga bannasayansi baakatandika okulonda, 250,000 Abamerika abapya abaalondebwa baawandibwa mu bukiika ddyo. Mu Mississippi, okukaka abaddugavu kwali kuwera 6,7 ku buli kikumi mu 1964, era ng'omwaka 1968 we gwatuukira, omuwendo gwa bakungu ba Amerika abalondebwa mu buli mitendera gya gavumenti gweyongera.

Etteeka Eryaweebwa mu Kyasa Ekya 21

Mu 1965, etteeka lino lyaddamu okuteekebwawo era ne linywezebwa. Kyokka, mu kyasa eky’a 21, abantu bakyafuba okulwanirira eddembe ly’okukuba akalulu, era ne bavunaanyizibwa okulaba nti liba n’enkizo ey’okukuba akalulu.

Mu 2013, kkooti enkulu ey'omu Amerika yasala olukiiko olukulu olw'ekika kya mu Sselby County v. Homer olukusa olwakozesebwa mu Kitundu 4 eky'Ekiwandiiko ekyo, olukalala lwa 'Voing Rights' lwayisibwa dda dda dda era terulina kaw'okutongozaamu. Kkooti ya kkooti ya gavumenti yasalawo ekkomo erikugira enkyuuka ez'okulonda, okusala obululu obwa kalulu, n'okujjuzaamu ebifo ebinoonyezebwa ebyasooka. Abasootoozezza ebibuuzo, era n'okujjuza ebifo ebirala ebyakolebwa ku bannannannyini mu Afirika ne munnaginombo abavvunna abalonde.

Olukalala olw'ekkumi n'taano olw'ebiruubirirwa eby'okulonda teruli kkakafu. Kyetaagisa okusobola okusigala nga kitunula, okussaawo amateeka, n'okukwasisa emisango. Ekiwandiiko eky'okukyusa empandiika y'ensonga kiwa Congress "obusobozi bw'okukukwasisa ekitundu kino nga kigoberera amateeka agaago," nga b'abo abakikkiriza nti okulwanirira eddembe ly'okulonda tekuyinza kuba kukyameebuusa. Mu myaka egyakayita, Consement ewandisizza etteeka eriggya erikwata ku ku ku ku kulonda eddembe ly'ekinnansi, nga John R. Lewis Voiting Act, ekireetera etteeka eririna kuzza n'enkola eya Sociation Act.

Ebyafaayo mu Kitongole ekigaba obutereevu eky'okukuba akalulu mu Amereka biraga nti eddembe ly'okulonda teriyinza kuggwebwako mu lutalo, liwanguddwa olw’okuziyizibwa, era liwanguddwa nate okuyitira mu bunyiikivu. Ekisuubizo kino kyewandiike, okulonda tekirigaana olw'eggwanga okusalibwawo.

Bye Tuyigamu

Ebiri mu Mmaapu ey’ekkumi n’etaano bituwa eby’okuyiga eby’olubeerera eri omuntu yenna eyenyigira mu kulwanirira demokulase:

  • [[NKULA] Empandika tezimala kugattibwa. Mbeera eya 15 yali mpandiika ya musingi gwa maanyi nnyo, naye kyali kyetaagisa olukusa lwa Kkomo lwa Rights era ne kampuni ez'amakumi g'emyaka ez'okulwanirira eddembe erya nnamba okusobola okubeera ewa ddala eri Abamerika abasinga obungi mu Afirika. Eddembe eritateekeddwa ku lukalala lwa ddembe teriigo.
  • [[NKULA]] Ebiragiro ebikoma ku kutwala bifuukafuukafuuka. Wadde nga mu mitendo 15 egya Amereka obunene obuva mu langi ne kinnaazo tewakoma ku kulonda, tewaalemesezza gavumenti kutandika kutuukiriza bisaanyizo ebirabika ng'ebitalina busosoze. Kino kikyagenda mu maaso leero nga waliwo amateeka ga nukuta, n'emigugu gy'okulonda ebikolebwa.
  • Omuntu okugobererwa mu kukwata abanoonyi b'okuvvuwa ku bw'ensonga eyo kikulu nnyo.[[OLW'OMUKIRA] Ebiseera eby'okukulaakulana okw'amaanyi bituuse gavumenti w'ezzeeko mu kukuuma abavvuzi. Ekiseera eky'okukwata abantu nga bagobererwa oba nga bakosezza amaanyi.
  • [[AKMENT:0] Olutalo lweyongera. Buli mulembe gulina okuddamu okunywerera ku demokulase. Okugattika ekiragiro ekya 15 ku mateeka tewaagonjoolera ddala kizibu kya langi okusosola mu langi omulundi gumu; kyateekawo enteekateeka ey'olutalo olwa buli kiseera.

K'ekya 15. Kyongera ku mateeka ga Amerika aga 15 okugakyusa mu kifo kino. Ekikolwa kino kiyamba nnyo mu kutegeera nti obufuzi bwe bwali omusingi gw'enkalo zonna ez'enjawulo. Naye era kulabula: eddembe eritakuumibwa liyinza okuggibwawo. Okutuukirizibwa kw'ekisuubizo ekyo, eggwanga erilina obuyinza okulonda abantu bonna awatali kusosola langi, liba lyenkana era nga likuuma buli omu k'alina okusobola okulonda kalina etteeka lyonna erikwata ku langi.

Abo abaagala okusoma ebisingawo, ebintu bino wammanga byongera okwekenneenya ebyafaayo n’amateeka:

  • [[AMBERI:0] Etterekero ly'eggwanga: Okutereezebwa kw'amateeka 15 okutongozebwa kwa Amereka[[AK'AKA]]
  • [[AK'AWULA] [[O]0] Ekkolero ly'Essomero Ery'amateekapaper size: Mpulset[[NKUMBO:1]
  • [[AK'AWULA] Brennan Center for Justice: Loting Rights n'ekirango eky'ekkumi n'etaano [[Akabonero:1]