Endagaano ennungi ey'okutaano, eyasaanibwa nga 10 Apuli 1998, etwalibwa ng'emu ku mirembe egyali gikyasinze okuba egy'amaanyi mu nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 20. Yakomya olutalo olw'empaka olw'emirundi esatu olw'oluseera wakati w'obuwanvu mu Northern Ireland olumanyibwa nga “ Ebizibu, ” ebyatta abantu 3,500 era ne byeyawulamu ekitundu n'ebyawukanya ku nsonga z'obufumbo. Okusooka, endagaano eyo eyinza okulabika ng'ennyawulu naye enteekateeka zayo zenyinyinyigidde ku misingi emitonotono: amaanyi, okukolagana, n'okukolagana. Ekitundu kino kimenyawo ebintu ebisookerwako mu lulimi olutuufu, engeri gye bakoleramu era n'ensonga lwaki bawanyisa.

Ebyafaayo by’Omulambo ogwo

Okusobola okutegeera obulungi ekiwaanyi ekiva mu Ireland eky'omu Mambuka ga Masekkati 1921, ekitundu ekibaddemu obutumbi, ng'obupolotesitanti bungi bwagala okusigala mu United Kingdom, ng'ate abantu ab'eggwanga lyayo, Abakatuliki, baayagala nnyo okuba obumu mu Ireland. Okusosola ab'amawanga n'abantu mu mawanga ag'enjawulo kwaleetawo obukuubagano, ne kireetawo obukuubagano okuva ku nkomerero y'omwaka gwa 1960. Obuzibu bwali buzingiramu eby'amagye okuva ku njuyi zombi / Irian Republic Army (IRA), ebibinja by'obutukuvu, ne Bungereza. Obujaasi n'okukuba ebiwayinja byayonja byabwo ne bboggolera abantu ne bboggolera bannaabwe.

Emyaka gya 1990 we gyatuukira, wajjawo okuteesa kw'emirembe nga John Hume, Gerry Adams, David Trimble, n'abalala nga bawagirwa gavumenti za Bungereza n'ez'omu Irland wamu n'abatabaganya ab'ensi yonna nga US, George Mitchell. Oluvannyuma lw'emboozi ez'emirembe, emboozi ez'ebitali bimu zaakomekkerezebwa mu Belfast Augness, oluvannyuma eyayitibwa nti Good Lweearth Agreement, eyatuuma ku lunaku lweyassibwako omukono. Zakkirizibwa ab'oluganda mu Northern Ireland ne mu Ireland mu Maayi 1998, era ne mu nsi za Ireland zaaweerwawo ebintu eby'amaanyi.

Emisingi egy’Okugobererera Omusango

Okusinziira ku Kiwandiiko Ekyesigamiziddwa ku Kiwandiiko Ekyesigamiziddwa ku Lunaku olw’Okutaano, endagaano eno erina emisingi emikulu egigikwatako.

Ekibindedwa kinnamateeka ey'ekyabulikimu kinnaakyo

Omusingi ogw'okukkiriza gugamba nti enkyukakyuka yonna mu mateeka mu Northern Ireland eyinza okubaawo singa wabaawo okukkiriza kw'abantu baayo. Kino kyeyoleka kaati nti abantu ab'eggwanga lya ggwanga lya Irland tebakkiriza nti Ireland erimu obumu teyinza kubaawo okuggyako nga bangi mu Northern Ireland bakkirizza, era abagatta awamu bakkiriza nti balina okwenyigira mu kukolagana n'ab'amawanga.

'Aler-sobun' - Puloguramu ekozesebwa ku sisitemu

Mu kifo ky'okuwangula enteekateeka zonna ez'obufuzi, endagaano eno elagira nti wabeewo gavumenti egabanyizidwamu gavumenti ewa ebitongole ebifuga eggwanga n'eby'eggwanga. Kino kitegeeza nti tewali kibiina kya gavumenti kiyinza kufuga, era bye basalawo biteekwa okulaga nti bakkiriziganya.

Okulaga nti Owa Muwendo

Kkoyiro kano kalaga nti abantu b’omu Northern Ireland be Bungereza, Irlands, ne mu Ireland era kasalawo okussa ekitiibwa mu buwangwa bwabwe, mu by’obufuzi, ne mu nnimi zaabwe.

Ebintu Ebikulu Ebinnyonnyolwa

Okulagaana Okulungi okw’Okutaano kwategekebwa ku bitundu bisatu, ” buli omu akwata ku bufuzi obw’enjawulo.

Eggulu Esooka: Olukuŋŋaana Olukulu mu Mambuka ga Ireland n’Okwewala Obusosoze

Strand Omwe yassaawo akakiiko akaawulamu akaddawo akafuga mu Northern Ireland, akamanyiddwa nga olukuŋŋaana olw'oku Mambuka ga Ireland ne ku mulembe gwa Ireland. Olukuŋŋaana olwo lubeera bitundu 90 ebitwaliddwawo mu lukiiko oluwagizi (mu kusooka olusooka 108, oluvannyuma ne lukendeezebwako). Abali mu lukiiko olwo, oluyitibwa MML As (Bamu ku Bukiiko bw'Akakiiko Obutereevu), baawulibwa mu biwabuno byombi ebikola eby'obutuuze n'ebyeggwanga.

Okukakasa nti ejjeemu lisobola okukozesebwa, Olukuŋŋaana olwo lukozesa enkola eyitibwa enzivvuunula y'omusaayi. Okusalawo okw'ekika kino kukwetaagisa abantu abasinga obungi nga bayita n'abantu ab'amawanga ag'enjawulo, oba 60% nga buli kibiina kikumi kinne wa 40% okuva mu buli ggwanga. Kino kiziyiza tteeka lyonna okuva ku bantu nga bavudde ku kawyiro.

Ekitongole kino kikulemberwa Mminisita ow'Okusooka ne omumyuka w'Obwannakyewa ow'okusooka .C.C. Bw'omenya ekiwandikiro, ebigambo ebitono “d ” okulaga ekifo kyenkana wadde nga amannya gaamu. Eb'obukulembeze obwo bubiri butongozeddwa ekibiina ekisinga obunene eky'obuwagizi n'ekibiina kya ggwanga ekisingirayo obunene. Amaanyi gaakyo gagasse wamu, era tegasobola kukola nga tewali mukkiriza muweereza omulala asinziira ku ntegeka endala eyeesigalidde ku maanyi gaabwe mu Nkuŋŋaana (nga bakozesa enkola y'ekitongole d’ Hindt), okukakasa nti abantu ab'ebiwandikiro byombi balina eddoboozi mu gavumenti.

Enteekateeka eno ezze ereetawo obutakkaanya mu kiseera ekyo, naddala okuva mu 2002 okutuuka mu 2007 okutuusa mu 2017-2020.

Strand II: Olukiiko lw’Abaweereza olw’omu bukiika kkono n’olw’obukiika ddyo

Strand II yassaawo akakiiko ka kakolaganira wamu wakati wa Northern Ireland ne Republic of Ireland: Olukiiko lw'Abaweereza n'olw'obukiika ddyo obwa Southern (NSMC). NSMC kikuŋŋaanya abakungu okuva mu Northern Ireland era ne gavumenti ya Irlands okugatta awamu enkola ku nsonga ezikwata ku by'obulimi, eby'obuyigirize, eby'obujjanjabi, eby'obubenje, eby'obutonde, eby'entambula n'eby'obugenyi.

Olukiiko olwo era lwoleka enkola y'okussaawo enkola nga egobererwa mu ngeri y'enkola nga bwe kiragiddwa, era nga kyetaagisa okussaawo enkola y'okussaawo amateeka, so ng'ate yo egoberera enkola za gavumenti. Olukiiko olwo era lukubiriza ba paalimenti ba lukalala mukaaga ab'omu bukiikaddyo bw'obukiikaddyo bw'obukiikaddyo bw'ekiro, nga Waterways Ireland, Food Safety Protection Board, ne InterTradeireland, eziwandikiro ezikozesebwa mu matendekero gonna.

Kaweefube ono yakolebwa okusobola okutereeza endowooza z'eggwanga ez'okuba n'enkolagana ey'oku lusegere ne Republic nga terimuteeka kabi mu Northern Ireland ’ era kyawa abagattiddwa enkola ey'okukakasa nti okukolagana mu ngeri eyo tekukkirizibwa mu Ireland.

Olukiiko olw'okusatu: Olukiiko olw'Abangereza n'Olukiiko lwa gavumenti

Strand Assel, ddisity Status n'enkola z'abakwanaganya mu bitundu bya Bungereza eby'ebuvanjuba ne Ireland. Olukiiko lwa Bungereza n'ebuvanjuba era ne Ireland lukuŋŋaanya ababaka okuva mu gavumenti y'Amerika, ne gavumenti ya IC, ne gavumenti ya Irlands, abafuzi b'e Scotland, Wales, ne Northern Ireland, ne gavumenti z'omu Isileewandiro ne za Buvanjuba bwa Manki ne Ireland. Olukiiko olutuula awamu n'ebitundu ebizikwata ku kwettanira eby'eby'okwerinda, gamba ng'obutonde, eby'entambula, n'okulwana n'okutunda eby'enjaga z'enjaga. Esomero zino zikuŋŋaana mu n'obuvanyumalembe era zibaamu ebiziganya eby'obutundutundu bwa NSC.

Okugatta ku ekyo, endagaano eyo yatandikawo ekibiina kya Bungereza ekikola ku ntegeka ya Briteni ne BBEC. Yasobozesa gavumenti za Bungereza n'ez'omu Ireland okukolagana obulungi ku nsonga ezitali za Northern Ireland, gamba ng'obutebenkevu n'obwenkanya. Akakiiko kano ke kalina ekifo eky'enjawulo mu kuleetawo eddembe n'okutabagana.

Ebibiina bino byali bya kulongoosa enkolagana era nga bigoberera omusingi ogugamba nti gavumenti ezo zombi zikolera wamu mu kukkiriziganya okwo.

Okuvvuunuka Eby’okulwanyisa by’Empisa

Ekimu ku bintu ebyasinga okuleetera emirembe okubeera mu nkola eyo kwe kulekera awo okutta ebyokulwanyisa ebyabanga mu magye. Endagaano yali ekwetaagisa buli bantu okukozesa obuyinza bwabwe okusobola okusiimula omulimu mu myaka ebiri gyokka. The Independent International Commission on Decomissing (ICD) yatandikibwawo okufuga omulimu guno.

Ekiragiro kino kyatandikanga okuyomba n'okuyokya enfunda n'enfunda. okutuusa mu mwaka gwa 2001, era tekyamalirizibwa. Ebibinja by'abantu abeesigwa nabyo byatandika okukkirizibwa, wadde nga baali bataddewo enkola endala. Okuteeka obwesige mu nkola eyo mu nkola eyo, nga kiraga nti omuntu yali yeewaddeyo gy'ali okusobola okuba mu mirembe mu kifo ky'okulekera awo okuyokya omuliro ogw'akaseera obuseera. Singa tewaaliwo kulagira balala kugenda mu by'obufuzi, okukulaakulana kwajjawo buzibu obwo nga bulaga nti balyidde ddala ebikolwa eby'ettemu byali byava mu ggwanga ate nga balbukubiriza okuleka omulimu ogw'okulangirira amagggyenya n'okuzza obuzimbe.

Eddembe ly’Abantu n’Obwenkanankana

Mu kakwate akayitibwa Good Countment, mu Bungereza ne Ireland, gavumenti zaasalawo okuteeka mu mateeka g'omu maka gaabwe endagaano eyitibwa European Convention on Human Rights (Ekiwandiiko kya UK).

Ekirango eky'enjawulo ekifuga okwenkanankana kisangibwa mu Kitundu 75 ku Kitundu kya Northern Ireland Act 1998, ekitegeeza nti abantu bonna balina okubeegattako omuwendo gw'enzikiriza ez'enjawulo wakati w'ebika mwenda, nga mw'otwalidde enzikiriza ez'eddiini, endowooza z'eby'obufuzi, langi, abakazi, emyaka, n'obulema.

Era endagaano eyo yasaba Bill of Rights for Northern Ireland. Oluvannyuma lw'emyaka nga yeebuuza ku bantu, ekibiina kya NiHRC kyawa amagezi nti mu 2008 baweebwe Bill awandiike omulimu ogw'okuyingiza abantu mu nkankano z'eby'obufuzi. Wadde kiri kityo, enteekateeka ez'obuntu okwnkana zikyuse nnyo ku nkola za gavumenti, era ne kifuula Northern Ireland okuba obumu ku buyinza obwa waggulu ennyo obw'obwenkanankanankana mu UK.

Okukwata Obulungi n’Obwenkanya

Ekitongole kya poliisi mu Northern Ireland ekyayitibwa Royal Ulster Consaculary (RUC), kyanenyezebwa nnyo ab'eggwanga mu kiseera ekyo mu Nnyanja z'Amerika. Endagaano yakkiriza okuleetawo enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'obupoliisi okusinziira ku ebyo ebyasembebwa Patten Report (1999). Ekitongole kya Police Service ow'e Ireland (PSI), kyadda mu kifo kyaakyo nga kitegekeddwa okuba ekitongole ekikiikirira abantu b'omu bitundu ebyo byombi.

Enkyukakyuka zaazingiramu enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'okulayira kwa poliisi, obubonero, okusendebwasendebwa (50% Abakatuliki, 50% Abaprotestanti), era n’okukolebwa kw'Akakiiko k’Abapoliisi akalina ab'obuyinza okulabiriza emirimu gyabwe.Propoota Ombudman era yatandikibwawo okunoonyereza ku kwewozaako.

Gavumenti ezasalawo omusango zaagobererwa mu 2010 naye ne ziggibwa ku lukiiko olukulu olw'omu Northern Ireland. Mwannyinaffe akola nga akalulu k'emisango akaakozesebwa mu kifo ky'okulonda d’ engeri y'obuddukiro, okusobola okukakasa nti obuwagizi obuba buwagirwamu busigala nga buwagirwa.

Okusumululwa mu Makomera

Endagaano eyo yalaga nti abasibe bonna abaalina ebisaanyizo mu bibiina ebikola ku kusalawo okuzikiriza omuliro baali ba kusumululwa mu myaka ebiri gyokka. Abasibe abasukka mu 400 baasumululwa, nga mw'otwalidde n'abamu ku abo abavunaanibwa omusango gw'okutta. Akakodyo kano kaakolebwa mpolampola, oluvannyuma lw'okusumululwa mu mateeka era nga basinziira ku mbeera ezibakwatako.

Endowooza eno yaziyizibwa nnyo abanyazi bangi abaakwatibwa era ne basekererwa abangi; era nga bawulira nti bawa omukisa bannalukalala. Kyokka, kyatwalibwa nga kikulu nnyo okusendasenda abajaasi okukolagana n'emirembe. Akaweefube w'okusumulula abasibe yateekebwawo ekiseera era n'alondebwa kakungu ogwetwa.

Okukolera ku Bizibu Bye Baayitamu, n’Eby’Obusika

Olukiiko olupya olw'okutaano lwasalawo nti terulina kuleetawo mbeera nnungi mu by'obufuzi. Emyaka egyasooka waaliwo ebizibu bingi olw'okuva mu busosoze, okulongoosebwa kwa poliisi, n'okutereezebwa kw'amateeka. Olukuŋŋaana lwayimirizibwa emirundi egiwerako era kyatwaliramu okutuusa mu 2007 gavumenti ey'amaanyi okusobola okussaawo nga efugibwa Ian Paisley (Dupu) ne Martin McGuinnes (Sin Fuceacute;in).

Okuva olwo, kabuyonjo zino zikoze bulungi mu ngeri ez'enjawulo. Biseera eby'okugwa bisobola okukomyawo, nga 2017-2020 we bikosebwa olw'ekikolo ky'amafuta ekiyinza okuzza obusirisi ekyaka ekya kasannyalaze. Naye k'kampati n'empandika ez'okukola enkola e'enkola y'ekika kya newyiro ne projectal &rsquo's n'ebikola nga zeetaagisa okusobola okuwanirira omusaayitu ogw'okuvanyunyuma. N'okusingira ddala kiziyiza okuzza ebikolwa eby'ettemu okuzza obugazi.

Era endagaano eyo yatandikawo mu ngeri ereetera abantu okugonjoola ebizibu ebyakayita. UK ’ okuva ku Bukiiko bwa Bulaaya kyaleetawo ekizibu eky'enjawulo, kubanga endagaano eyo yakolebwa ku UK ne Ireland okubeera ekitundu ky'EU. Endagaano y'obukiikakkono (oluvannyuma eyayitibwa Windsora Framework) yakolebwa okukuuma e Programunce Good Wearterly Agumentation nga yeewala ensalo ez'amaanyi ku kizinga kya Ireland ng'eddukanya obusuubuzi wakati wa Great Britain ne Northern Ireland. Kino kyaleetawo enkaayano mu by'obufuzi naye k'obufuzi bw'omulembe gwa 1998 bunywevu.

Leero, ebiwandiiko ebikakasa nti emirembe gyayo gyava ku Lwokubiri ne buziba mu Northern Ireland. Wadde nga bannabyabufuzi abamu bagamba nti tekigonjodde bufumbo, era nti abantu abamu bannabyabufuzi balowooza nti tekimala okugonjoola obutali bwenkanya mu byafaayo. Kyokka kisobozesezza omulembe okukulira nga tegwenyigidde mu bikolwa eby'obukambwe ebya buli lunaku. Enteekateeka zaagwo ez'okukolagana mu ngeri ey'amaanyi, ez'okwegatta awamu mu miwato, era n'eddembe ly'obuntu ne byeyongera okuleetawo entegeka mu bya bufuzi, era n'okukkiriza n'okussa ekitiibwa mu nsi tekusobozesa abantu okuteekawo enteekateeka y'emirembe egya bulijjo.

Okusoma Okw’Edda

Abo abaagala okunoonyereza ku ndagaano mu bujjuvu, ebyawandiikibwa byonna bisangibwa mu tterekero ly' UK gavumenti &squo;s. Era bayinza okuzuula endukusa eza ebyafaayo okuva mu nsuso nga Encyclopedia Britannica[, 'BBC History of the Trought, ne [[FLT:] Etterekero lya Universitement [[FLT:]]. Eby'obugagga bino bituwa bulaga engeri gye bikolamu n'ebiragiro ku n'ebiragiro ebirala.