Olulago Olulungi olw’Olwekutaano n’Ekibuuzo eky’Olubeerera eky’Okutumbula Amaanyi

Ekivume ekigonjooota ku Lwokubiri mu 1998 kye kimu ku ebyo ebinaavaamu emirembe mu nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 20. Kyakomawo ebikolwa eby'ettemu mu madiini agatali gamu ebimanyiddwa nga Ebizibu era ne kitandikawo gavumenti eyaddawo nga yeesigamya omusingi gwa maanyi wakati w'obutuuze bw'obumu n'obuwangwa bw'eggwanga. Kyokka, ekitundu eky'emirembe ekyasa kimu kya kasatu oluvannyuma lw'emyaka ekyatwalibwanga ng'ekyokulabirako eky'okugonjookko obunyoozi obwali obunywevu kati kirina okugonjoola ebizibu eby'amaanyi. Ekibuuzo kino tekikyaliwo nateesokeko obanga amaanyi agava mu ku kusobola okuwonawo naye engeri gye gateekwa okusigala nga gagobeetaago mu kitundu ekibadde kikyukakyuka mu ku bwengula, Brxit, ne ku n'okwekutula kw'eby'ebyobufuzi.

Ekitundu kino kyogera ku musingi ogw'ebyafaayo oguva mu ndagaano, ebiremesa obufuzi okunywerera ku bufuzi, era n'enkizo eziyinza okuleetawo obumu mu by'obufuzi. Era kyogera ku ngeri eya bannabyabufuzi ab'ebweru era n'ebikolebwa okukakasa nti amaanyi gaago tegafuuka kakwate ka mirembe gy'emabega naye nga gasobola okuleetawo emirembe mu biseera eby'omu maaso.

Emirala egy’Ebyafaayo egy’Okugonda Ekivume

Ekivume eky'okutaano ekitegekeddwa obulungi ku Lwokubiri(ekyayitibwa Aguilment) Belfast − kyasaanibwa nga 10 Applican 1998 oluvannyuma lw'emyaka egy'okukubaganya ebirowoozo mu kyama ku nkukutu era n'ebitundu bingi. Kyatandikawo Olukuŋŋaana olw'obukalu ne kampuni olutegekeddwa mu ggwanga: abagattiddwa abasinga obungi balyaŋŋanga ebifo eby'okuweerezaamu okusinziira ku nkola y'obukwasiro (D'Hondt ). Ekikulemberwa mu kampani eyo kya 'Akattini'” kyasobozesa okusala ku by'okulonda okukkirizibwa okw'okusemba obukulembedde so si ku bantu aba bulijjo aba bulijjo.

Era endagaano eyo yatandikawo ebitongole ebikola ku bukiika kkono (Obukiika kkono oba Southern Service Conseil) okukwanaganya enkola wakati w'obukiiko bw'obukulembeze ne Dublin, enkuufu ey'ebuvanjuba (buvanjuba obwa Bungereza-Irish) nga mwe mwali UK, Ireland, n'abakungu abaago abaagobererwa mu Bungereza era n'enkiiko y'obuvanjuba. Ebizimbe bino byakolebwa okulemesa bannannyini ku tteeka nti, obutuuze bw'obuwabuzi n'obufuzi bwa ggwanga byo byalina amateeka ga kiwandiiko bya mateeka era nti tewali na kimu kye byayinza kusinziirako.

Ekivume ekyo kyali kituukiriza obweyamo bwayo “bw'okussa ekitiibwa mu” era n'omusingi ogugamba nti okusalawo okw'ebyobufuzi kusaanidde kugobererwa ng'abantu ab'omu bitundu byombi bwe bikkiriziganya. N'okussaawo enkola eno mu Bubirigi, Switzerland ne Bosnia, kyali kigendererwa okuziyiza okufugibwa obukulembeze era okuwa buli kitundu eb'okumanya ky'omanyi.

Ebiwandiiko ebikwata ku Application byawukana. Ekiragiro olukuŋŋaana olunene lwalekebwawo emirundi mingi, naddala okuva mu 2002 okutuuka 2007 olw'okuggwa kw'obwesige mu IRA okusaabanyizibwa. Wadde nga wayiseewo ekiseera oluvannyuma lw'okuteekawo endagaano y'amaanyi mu 2006, emirembe gyazzibwawo era ne gikolebwa okumala emyaka nga kkumi, era nga n'ekibiina kya Democratic Union (DUP) ne Sin Féin bye bikulembera. Mu Northern Ireland wabaddewo ekiseera eky'okukulaakulana mu by'enfuna, okusuubirira, n'okutumbula emirembe. Emirembe egyasooka gyabanga gyali gya mazima wadde nga gyagattibwa mu bitundu eby'enjawulo.

Kyokka, eky'obusobozi obw'enkalakkalira eky'okugonjoolebwa kwayanikibwa mu 2017 bwe kyagwa ku kitongole ekifuga ennyinyonyi enkadde era n'obutakkaanya obw'amaanyi ku ddembe ly'olulimi lwa Irland, obufumbo obw'obugwenyufu n'obusika bw'ebizibu. Ekyavaamu okumala emyaka esatu kyalaga ensonga enkulu: amakanisa agayamba okuddukanya amaanyi ga gavumenti ne gassa ssekati aganene agakolera awamu, gayinza okugobererwa singa abagattendo abo abawagidde okukolagana mu mirembe bagaana okukolagana obulungi n'okuleetawo emirembe mu bitundu ebyesudde.

Obuzibu Obuliwo nga Twolekaganye n’Ebifo Ebizimba Amasannyalaze

Kusoomooza kati okusobola okusanga amasannyalaze, kuli kungi nnyo okusinga okwo okuli ku mpandiika eya bulijjo eyayita oluvannyuma lw'ekiseera nga wayiseewo emyaka mingi. Kuzingiramu musisi ow'amaanyi eva mu Brexit, okukyuka okuva ku kiseera ekiwanvu okukyusiza mu nkyukakyuka mu nkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo ezikolebwa wakati w'obufumbo n'eby'eggwanga, okweyawulamu mu byobufuzi, n'obuteeyinzi bw'abantu okuteeka mu kabi ku busobozi bwa bankanka, obuva ku by'obulamu, eby'enjigiriza, n'eby'amayumba.

Obudde Obukyadde Obuva mu Ddiini y’Abasosoze: Etteeka ly’Emukannyanja mu Mambuka ga Ireland ne Empewo

Brexit kye kimu ku ebyo ebisinze okusobezza ennyo ekiva ku ndagaano eya Kivumenti Ekirungi eky'Okutaano okuva lwe kyayisibwa mu nnukuta ey'omu Mambuka ga Ireland. Endagaano eyakkiriziganya mu ndagaano y'obuwangwa bw'eggwanga lya UK, yatandikawo obulombolombo n'ensalo z'okuva ku nnyanja ey'e Irish okwewat'ebbali eriko ennyimirira ey'amaanyi ku kizinga kya Ireland. Kino kyasanyusa nnyo abasuubuzi b'amawanga abaagala okutunda obusamba obukiikakkono, naye ne banyiiza abagatwala ng'obuwawumbi obuteetwalidde ku Great Britain era n'ekikaluuyinja ekya Northern Ireland.

DUP yagaana okuyingiza kampuni mu buyinza oluvannyuma lwa kalulu eya 2022, nga elagira akakwakkuliro kaddemu okukomya omusingi. Gavumenti ya UK'ekolagana ne EU Windsor Framework, yakkiriza enkola ya EU mu Febwali 2023, yatandikawo enteekateeka z'obusuubuzi era n'ewanjula akakwakulizo akaawere akaawere mu Northern Ireland akaagibwa (“Stmont Brake”) okukakasa nti etteeka eripya ery'omubusuubuzi. Waddewo ebbeeyi y'omu DUP bye yali yeetaaze byasigalawo, era pulezide yaawe waawezza emyaka ebiri okutuusa nga 2024 okutuusa lwewandikiro we gwagizza omulimu ogw'okuzzaawo amasannyalaze.

Wadde nga wayiseewo ekiseera nga bazziddwawo buyonjo, akakwakkulizo n'eby'obusika byako byeyongera okubuguunyisa obutwa obw'obusosoze. Amawanga agakola awamu gawulira nti gabalimu akabi; abaagalwa n'abasinga obungi abasigala mu-EU batwala enkola ey'okukwata amataba ng'ekigonjo mu ngeri ey'okuleetawo emirembe. Ensonga eyo ereetedde okutegeera nti amaanyi-awuzi ga gubeera emizannyo egiweza omuntu omulala, so si nti buli kitundu kifiirwa enteekateeka ey'okukolagana obulungi.

Okukyusiza Endowooza z’Eby’obufuzi n’Okwesiga Abalala

Okuvuganya kwa Sinn Féin mu ngeri ey'ekinnansi kusinze okubuutikira ebyetaago by'abantu aba bulijjo. Polyshing eralaga nti wadde nga mu Northern Ireland abasinga obungi bawagira amaanyi mu misingi, obwesige mu bibiina by'eby'obufuzi butono. Olukuŋŋaana lwako lukyuukako era n'ebiseera ebiwanvu eby'obutakola emirimu (okuva mu 2017 okutuuka 2020 okutuuka mu 20222) baakendeeza obwesige. Abasinga obungi, naddala abato n'abo abamanyi nti tebalina bumu wadde ab'eggwanga, baasoberwa n'enteekateeka etera okulabika ng'ey'enkola mu biseera eby'okuzannyamba ez'omu mateeka.

Okuyaayakana kw'ekibinja kya Centris Alliance, kati ekirina ekifo nga 18% eky'okulonda, kiraga nti ekiwandiikiddwa ekika ky'obufuzi ekitali kya bubiri. Alliance arwanirira “ebiseera eby'omu maaso” era emirundi egimu kisobodde okumenya ebika bya nviiri. Kyokka, tekinnaba ku kiragiro kya nnakyewa w'Ow'obukulembeze Obusooka ne Seadernante ow'okusooka, ebiterekebwa ebibiina ebisingira ewala obunene n'eby'eby'eggwanga. Ekkubo erya k'enkola eyaddaaka enkola enziganya, liba nga likwasizza obutunjabi ebibiri mu ku munnabyawuka z'ebyawuka ne ku n'eggwanga.

Enkyukakyuka mu Mbeera y’Okulaba: Bugazi Obukyukakyuka Edda

Ekimu ku bizibu ebikyasinzeeyo okuba eby'amaanyi kwe kubalirira abantu mu 1921. Ekya 2021 kyalaga nti Abakatuliki mu Northern Ireland baali beeyongedde ne batuuka ku 45.7%, ng'ate Abapolotesitante bali 43.5%.[1] Abapolotesitante baasooka kusukka Abapolotesitante bangi okusinga Abapolotesitanti mu 1921. Endowooza eno yeeyolekera mu ngeri y'okulonda: Abatuuze b'eggwanga (kasinga obungi mu Sin Féin) n'ebitongole by'abakungu mu mawanga mangi, era kati bawangula obululu okusinga obutongole obukola obululu mu kalulu . Sinn Féin yafuuka ekitundu ekisingayo obunene mu Lukiiko lwokkamba olw'obusatuufu mu 20222 mu byafaayo.

Wadde ng'ekitongole kino tekikimanyirwa ggwanga mu biseera byalyo, era nga Abakatuliki bonna tebawagira bumu mu Irlands, enkyukakyuka erina kinene nnyo ekikutte ku bannabyabufuzi, abamanyi nti ekifo kyabwe mu nsalo za Amerika kigenda kyeyongera okuggwaawo. Era kiyinza okuleetera abatuuze b'amawanga okukakaatika obujulizi obulagira nti abantu ba Katonda babeere bumu mu Ireland obwateekebwa mu kakwate akalungi akaago akaago akaago. Gavumenti ya UK yagamba nti embeera y'okusendenduunta tennatuukirizibwa, naye ensonga ey'okuteebereza ku nsonga y'ebiseera n'obutuufu evudde mu ku kunoonyereza okw'ebyobufuzi.

Kino kyeyoleka bulungi mu nkola y'obusosoze mu nsi yonna. N'olwekyo, abasosoze mu mawanga bagamba nti okukola n'abantu ab'omu bukiika kkono kijja kusobozesa abantu okuba obumu mu Ireland. Abatuuze b'eggwanga bakitwala nti okusendebwasendebwa okugaana okukola enkyukakyuka mu nkyukakyuka za demokulase. Omuntu agoberera enkola ya consociation, ategekebwa okugonjoola obutakkaanya obuba n'obukoddiriŋŋanwa, kati alina okuyita mu njawukana y'amateeka mu biseera eby'omu maaso.

Emikisa egy’Okuddamu Okuyiga n’Okukyuka

Wadde nga waliwo okusoomooza kwa maanyi, waliwo amakubo agadda ewala agayinza okugobererwa, naye kitwetaagisa okubeera abeesimbu ku bikwata ku bunafu bw’oyo atuteerawo ekyokulabirako era nga buli omu mwetegefu okusonyiwa.

Enkyukakyuka mu Nkola: Okulongoosa Amaanyi

Ekifo ekimu ekisobola okulongoosebwa kwe kukola nga enteekateeka ya ssessemb'ewamu era n'ekola nga bakulu b'ekibiina. Ekiragiro ekitegekedwa okukola ekiwagizi kikakasa nti abantu abasinga obunene bafuna ebifo mu gavumenti, naye era kitegeeza nti abantu basobola okukyusiza eb'enkola eyo nga bagaana okutongoza abakyala. Ebirowoozo ebiwerako bituuse ku nkola eno nga mwe muli ne:

  • [[AKM:0] Kireetera okukendeeza ku kukozesa ebigambo ebitegeeza nti ebiba bikookeddwa [[[KA]] Ekireetera omuwendo omutono ogwa 'MLL' obutateekawo mateeka ku nsonga ezizikanga obukwasiddwa. Kabu kaasooka kaakolebwa kukuuma ntomo z'abantu naye kaakozesebwa bubi okukoma okuwera amateeka agakwata ku kwenkanankanankana wakati w'obufumbo n'okuggyamu embuto.
  • [[NT][:0] Okutandikawo okuziyizibwa okwa bulijjo[ kisobozese ebibiina obutavunaana maneja nga tebimenya amakolero. Mu myaka 2020 egyakayita, New Approch /'ebitundu bya kisiikirize kyalimu enkola ez'okuziyiza ebiva ku kisiikirize naye nga tebyagobererwa mu bujjuvu.
  • [[NT:0] Kino kitegeeza okulonda abaweereza abaasooka n'abawagizi abasooka ne kiba nti okuwamuka kwa myaka ebiri tekugoberera byonna ebikukwata ku by'obufuzi. Ekimu ku byo kwe kubaako ekifo ku kibiina ekirala singa omukulembeze ne Seader abasooka tebayinza kukkiriziganya nakyo.

Enkyukakyuka ziteekwa okubeera omwegendereza obutasuula muguluka omusingi ogusinziirwako okusemba olukusa, olusigala nga lukulu mu kuleetawo enjawukana. Naye zisobola okusobozesa enkola y'ebintu okugonjooka ennyo embuyaga z'eby'obufuzi eziteewalika.

Okwegatta ku Bavubuka n’Ekiraga nti Bali Bumu

Ekimu ku bintu ebisinziirwako mu kutegeera enzivuunula y'ekiwayi ekya Noovemba Northern Ireland kwe kutandikawo kw'omulembe ogwatafuna bizibu butereevu. Abantu bangi abawerera ddala emyaka nga 30 batwalibwa okuba nga “Myaka gwa Northern Ireland” oba“ Abayulaanye” kye bamanyi okusinga amannya g'obutuuze oba ag'eggwanga. Ekibiina kino tekitera kumanyibwa bulungi ngeri eby'obufuzi gye bikolebwamu mu buwangwa era n'ensonga ezisinga okukwatibwako enkyukakyuka mu mbeera z'obudde, obubenje bw'obwongo, n'ebbenje.

Ebibiina by'eby'obufuzi byalwawo okutuukanya embeera eno. Okulonda abaana abato kiba kyetaagisa okuyingiza mu kifo ekirala nga kuyitira mu mateeka oba mu mirimu egikolebwamu emirimu gya gavumenti. Era kitegeeza okukola ebifo nga bino nga bayitira mu buyigirize, mu mirimu egikolebwamu abantu abangi, era nga bayitira mu mikutu egitali gimu. Wabula, abaana b'enjigiriza ab'enjawukana bakkirizibwa okubeera mu bitundu ebitali bya nukululu. Omuntu bw'aba omu n'Abapoloteesodo, aba akola bulungi mu kuzimba ebizimbi eby'emirembe, naye abayigiriza nga 7% miganda n'abayizi abali mu kibiina kyebalimu.

Okukolera Awamu mu by’Eby’Eby’Obunnabyabufuzi Kireetawo Obumu

Emirembe egyagawulwawo kyaleetera kampuni nga Allstate ne Citi okutunda ssente mu nsi endala, era n'abalambuzi ne beeyongera. Kyokka, ekitundu ekyo kikyakulaakulanyizibwa abantu bangi, abantu bangi bakola emirimu mitono era nga n'ebiwayi by'amadiini eby'enjawulo.

Post-Breexit, Northern Ireland erimu ekifo eky'enjawulo: kye kimu ku bifo bya UK naye nga kigendera ku mateeka g'omu kibiina kya EU agafuga enkola y'ebintu. Bannabizineesi bwe bamanya nti basobola okusala enkula mu ngeri enzibu. Ekika kya “Framenti eya greennal" kikomya obusuubuzi ne Great Britain naye ate nga bannabyabufuzi beeyongera okubuusabuusa enzige.

Bannassaayansi nga abo abakola ku by'obujjanjabi ku nsalo ya mersi ne ku k'aw'okuseesaawo akaddanyuma, era n'okulongoosa oluguudo A5 okuva e Derry okutuuka e Dublin(*) bawa abantu emiganyulo egibanyweza. Olukiiko lw'okuweereza ng'abaweereza mu mambuka ga South ne mu maserengeta, luwa enteekateeka ez'okutumbula ebizimbe ebizimbiddwa mu by'enfuna. Ekgeeyambisibwa mu by'eby'enfuna ne mu by'obufuzi ne kiwandikiro kya buli bantu bonna esobola okuba nga bataddewo obutebenkevu mu matendekero.

Obukulu bw’Ekitundu eky’Ensi Yonna

Mu ndagaano eyo, ab'obuyinza mu Bulaaya baawagira nnyo eby'enfuna era ne balaga nti bannabyamizannyo ba Bulaaya baali bumu.

Mu Amerika, okuyitira mu babaka ab'enjawulo abaava mu Northern Ireland, babaddenga bakubiriza okunyumya n'okussaawo akalulu. Pulezidenti Biden, ayogera ku busika bwe mu Ireland, yeegatta ku yennyini. EU ye nkokko esingayo obunene mu kuwagira enteekateeka z'emirembe, nga mw'otwalidde n'emboozi z'emirembe ezikwata ku SSIIINI. Gavumenti z'e UK ze zikola ku ku kutuukiriza endagaano y'ekirala era ze ziddiseeko mu kuddaala ek'enkola y'ewandikiro.

Kyokka, mu nsi yonna, waliwo n'abasosoomooze bawa ensonga lwaki waliwo emirembe egya nnamaddala. Endowooza nti ebibiina by'abantu biremesezza okutabanguza emirembe okukomyawo, ereetera abangi abanyigiriza okumanyiira okulongoosebwawo okuleetawo enkyukakyuka.

Ekyokulabirako eky'omuganyulo eky'okukigeraageranya, enkola ey'emirembe mu Basque Count, gye kitwaliramu okugattika eby'enfuna, okugattika obukugu, n'okugoowaana mu bibiina, ekireetedde obukuubagano okukendeeza ku by'obufuzi n'okulongoosa mu ntegeka. Abazannyi bannabyamizannyo mu nsi yonna basobola okukolagana obulungi era ne kibanguyira okunyumya ku nkyukakyuka, naye omuvuzi w'ekidduka alina okuba nga y'omuyaga mu bya bufuzi bw'ayagala.

Olupapula: Amaanyi n'Emisaalaba

Ekiragiro enzijanjaba ennungi ey'oku Lwokubiri yasobola okukomya ettemu n'okuteekawo enteekateeka ey'okufuga bokka. Kiba kituufu okuwa ekitiibwa ekyo. Naye, okugattikanya kw'ebyobufuzi kati kukwatibwa wakati w'obuyinza bubiri: endowooza ez'enzikiriza ez'ekika kya Batawaana n'okujjawo, ez'eby'obufuzi, ez'enkuyanja en'enjawulo. Amaanyi agafuga tegasobola kukola singa amawanga ago abiri gatwala gannaago ng'entalo ez'amaanyi mu kifo ky'obulabe obw'entuufu.

Abakola ku by'obufuzi bategeeza nti okugezaako okulemesa enkola ya demokulase ey'okukwataganya n'enkola za demokulase, kijja kuleetera abantu okulonda n'okwonoona Union. Abatuuze b'eggwanga: okulonda ensalo si kyetaalema oba kinaaba kumpi, era okugoba omu ku luvannyuma lw'ekiseera ekigereke, kuteekwa okuggyawo emirembe gyonna egigenda mu kifo eky'okukoleramu; okukola mu matendekero okutereeza obulamu bw'abantu y'ejja okuba engeri esingayo obulungi ey'okuleetawo obumu. Omusaalaba wakati wa com-muny Union: gulina okusasulibwa ku n'okusigirwa mu mitendera egitali gimu, ne bwe kiba nga amateeka agafuga okusigala mu bifo eby'ebifo eby'okukkirizibwamu.

Emyaka kkumi egijja gijja gijja kuba gyangu. Edda enkola ey'okukwata amasannyalaze eraga nti esobola okuseesaamu naye nga teyonooneka. Nga wabaddewo enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi(stitunial, ettuttle, ettuttumu, n'obuwangwa) era nga zisobola okutuukana n'embeera empya. Bwe zitaba nga ezo, obukalu bw'obuzibu tebukoma ku ntalo, naye bweyongera bweyongezi kuvundabunafuwa, amakanisa gye gakola ku mpapula naye nga tegaateresebwa mu bantu bonna. Abantu b'omu Northern Ireland bagwanira okubufuna obufuzi obusinga obwo. Abantu ab'obukulembe bw'obumu n'obuwangwa bw'eggwanga obukontana n'obuwanjufu n'obuwagizi obwa bulijjo era n'okugonjoola ebizibu ebya kyasa ekya 20.

Emiryango emirala mingi (UK, Ireland, EU, ne US) giteekwa okweyongera okuteekamu amaanyi n'eby'enfuna bya gavumenti, naye abakulembeze b'eggwanga be balina okussaako ennyo essira. Obuvumu mu by'obufuzi, okwegatta, n'okwagala okuteeka ebirungi ebya bulijjo ku ntegeka tebirimu bintu bya kyeyagalire; bye bikulu nnyo mu kusobozesa njini ey'amaanyi okuddukanya. Good Wearday Auvement bye byawandikibwa. Kati ekiseera kya kulongoosa ebitundu by'ensi ebibadde bikosembye.