Ensibuko y’Okusalawo

Enjigiriza eyo yasibuka mu mpaka za gavumenti ez'ekkumi n'ena ezaasooka nga ziraga oba nga kkumi zigattiddwa ku gavumenti z'ensi emu zokka. Barron v. Baltimore [1833], kkooti enkulu yagamba nti Bill of Rights yali akolera ku gavumenti ya gavumenti.

Enkyukakyuka yajjawo bw'ogeraageranya '.' mu New York (25), kkooti bwe yalangirira nti “eddembe ery'okwogera n'okukuba ekifiizo (ekyakugirwa Conghiseeteka okuva ku kkomo lya Convention [1] kye kimu ku ddembe ly'enkomeredde erya kisomizo erigobererwako. Ekimu kyaggulawo oluggi olw'okumenya amateeka ageezaako n'okugattira ku kitongole ekiteesiteesi. Mu myaka egiddako, Kkootikkooti ey'enkomeredde kigigatta ku n'entegeka zonna ezikwata ku ddembe lya Bill, nga mw'otwalidde n'eryan'etaano ([FOL:]][5]].[FOL][3][6]], obukulembe obunene, obutuufu][5][5][5], obukyayinja obutuufu.[3][5]

Enteekateeka teyakolebwa mu bitundu bingi; enteekateeka ezimu, okufaananako Enzalo ey'Okubiri ey'okusitula n'okusitula emikono, zaateekebwamu ng'ekiseera McDonald v. Ekibuga ky'e Chicago (2010]). Edda n'ekola ennyuvu, gwe musingi ogugamba nti obweyamo obwo buteekwa okuba nga “bwesigamye nnyo ku byafaayo n'obulombolombo bw'eggwanga lino." oba nga tebwalina kugoberera mateeka. Enteekateeka eno eya Pragmaticive, yasobozesa amateeka okukkirizibwa okukkirizibwa okusobola okukuuma eddembe eryo.

Endowooza z’Obwannannyini ku Mikutu gya Disitulikiti n’Ekyokulabirako Eky’Okuna

Ekitongole kino kisalawo okuseeguza oba obutakwatibwa kasunnaba. Edda ennyo nga tekinnaba kulabika, kkooti enkulu eyakola mu Katz v. United States (1967) (1970) kyeyoleka nti okukyusa okwo kusinziira ku kuba nti omuntu alina “kwetaasa obwama bwa kompyuta.” Omutindo ogwo gunoonyezza nnyo obwa tekinologiya ku muntu. [[FLT:]] Riley v. California (2014, Kkooti ekkiriza nti abasirikale tebasobola kukebera ebiri mu nnyingo nga tewali bujulivu, era baamanyi nti ebintu ng'ebyo birimu obulamu. Ate era ne mu myaka mitono oluvannyuma, [FLT:clexP][5][5][5]

Okusalawo kuno kulaga engeri okusobola okumanya engeri gye kiyinza okukolebwamu mu mikutu gya kompyuta. Abakugu mu bya sayansi gye bagezaako okuzuula ebizingirwa mu ngeri gye kiyinza okutegeezaamu obubaka obutereevu. Obumu ku butonde obwo buleetera abantu obutasobola kuddamu byonna nga bataddewo obubaka obuba buwandiikiddwako. Obusooka, gavumenti zisobola okuzuula obubaka obukolerwako mu bire, oba metafayina. Kkooti eyo eyoleka nti esobola okutuuka ku bujulizi obwa kampuni eziba zitegekebwa kampuni. Kkooti esobola okumanyisa ebiteesiteesiteesiteesiteesiteetibwe ku ngeri gye ziyinza okusobozesa okumanyisaamu obubaka obupya emirundi emiramba emirundi emikumi n'ekkumi n'etaano.

Amasaza agatali gamu gataddewo amateeka agago ku bwabwe, gamba nga Emirimu Eginnyirira n'ebitundu ebisinzeeyo okubeeramu eby'omulembe ebitegeke eby'omu California, ekitegeeza nti gavumenti esobola okufuna obuwagizi ku mikutu gya kompyuta n'obumanyirivu mu kifo ekimu. Amateeka gano tegeesigamya ku nteekateeka ey'okuna ey'okuna ey'okukyusaamu, wabula gateekawo amateeka agafuga enkula y'ebibala ne gasukka ku by'amateeka. Ekiseera bwe kigenda kiyitawo, amateeka g'ensi gayinza okuwaliriza Kkooti okubeera n'okko akuuma obwa kompyuta obwa kompyuta ku ludda lwennyini wansi w'e 14 eza Amerekanti, okusobola okuteekawo obukuumi mu nsi yonna.

Enjigiriza ey’Okusatu mu Kitundu eky’Okubiri ng’Enyigirizibwa

Ekiragiro kino kyawa alipoota ey'ekitongole eky'omu nviiri nga kigattiddwa omuntu ow'okusatu (nga kampuni ey'amasimu oba banka) obutafuna bukuumi bwanakutaano obwa bulijjo. N'olw'ensonga eyo, abantu leero basanga empapula nnyingi nnyo n'ebifo by'abalandisi ba Internet, oba abatunzi b'amakutu ku nviiri za kompyuta. [[FLL:0]] Conter yali etteeka erisinga obukulu okuva ku njigiriza eyo ey'eby'ennono, naye kkooti zaaleka ebizikookero ebirala ebitegekebwa mu nsaze (eg., ebiri mu n'emboozi ebiri mu nviromenti eziterekebwa n'ebiteeyambisibwa mu kiyinza okuba eky'obukuumi. Okunoonyereza okusobozesa enzirowo okumanyisaamu enzirowoozaamu obulamu bw'omuntu. Ekkompola n'ennyonnyonnyonnyonnyonnyonnyonnyo enzikyungi ennyo esangibwa mu kkooti z'esaase. Ekyungikyungikyungi

Ekiraga nti Omukka gulina Endowooza ya Wadde nga Gyali

Ekitongole kino kiwa obulagirizi ku ddembe ery'okusiimula olukalala lw'okwogera oba okukuba ebiwambe ku mpapula z'amawulire. Naye okukozesebwa kwa buli omu ku ddembe eryo eryaddala ku Internet, naddala ku mampulizito ga bannamawulire akolera ku nnyinyonnyola.[1] Kkooti ereetera obukuubagano okumanyibwa. Mu nsi ennyimpito, ekugira okwogera mu bantu mu bifo ebya lukalu, okukeberwa ennyo. Onno kweko aw'obuyinza obwa gavumenti, ennyunzi n'abakungu ba gavumenti z'abagattiside bannabyo, zisobola okukola nga ensumbirirano za bantu bonna. Kkooti ewandikibwe eri mu era nga ziwanyisa enkola eya bulijjo mu mateeka ga gavumenti z'ebyumandala, nga “zesembalo za bantu ab'omulembe oguva ku mu nsi.

Ensonga esingako okuyomba eri nti: ‘ Ekikolwa eky'Okusooka eky'okukyusa kiziyiza obutuuti obwabwe okuziba. ’ [[FOL:0] Kino kitegeeza nti, mu ebyo ebirimu, netwody v. Netchoice, LLC[FLT:] (2024]), kkooti yayisa amateeka agafuga entengo za Florida, eteeka amateeka agakugira obukiika n'enkola ya muntu kinnoomu okuggyamu enzivumbo, n'okufuga ennyimpiri kibuvu. [[FLT]

Enyinza endala kwe kukozesa “eddembe ly'abantu okukuŋŋaana awamu” nga bakolagana bulungi ku Internet. Intaneeti esobozesa abantu okukaaba oba okwogera nga batabaganya. Obusobozi bw'eggwanga okulambula oba okutaataaganya enkuŋŋaana ezo zeetaagisa. Enkuŋŋaana ez'enjawulo zijja kwetaagisa okumanyira ddala oba okuzigatta ku ziraga kinne mu kifo kyazo. Enkuŋŋaana ezo zisaanidde okuzikwata ku mateeka okusobola okukuuma abantu n'ebintu eby'omubiri. Amagatte gago gago gago gasobozesa gavumenti okuba n'obweyako aw'emyaka egitakkirizibwa mu kukolera ku mikutu gya bannasayansi, egiyinza okuleetera abantu okukanya ennyo okwogera oba okukoma ku bintu ebirala ebiba bizingirwamu ku bukuumibwa ab'enjawulo.

Engeri Ebikwata ku Ddibi n’Ebiragiro gye Bisaanidde Okukolebwamu

Ng'oggyeko okwerimbalimba oba okwogera, tekinologiya aleetawo eddembe erippya eritasobola kutuuka ku biwandikiro ebibaddewo mu ntegeka eya graudition. Ng'ekyokulabirako, “eddembe eririna okwerabirwa” (eteekeddwa mu mateeka ga Bulaaya empanvu mu Amerika) terina mateeka genkanankana. naye amateeka agamu ag'ensi gagala eb'abakozesa okuba nga gasazesezza ebizingirwamu nga basaba. Kkooti z'eggwanga zisobola okuggyamu obubaka ku mikutu egiyinza okugobererwa mu ngeri eyo? Kkooti eyo eteekako empandika enfugezo ezizingirwamu ezikontana n'amateeka, ebitegeeza nti gavumenti bwe gaba ebizingirwa ku bulamu bw'omuntu, oba ebintu ebirala ebimwetaagisa okuzingirwamu.

Mu .Kelly [70], kkooti yagamba nti okumalirizibwa kw'obulamu kukwetaagisa okusooka okuwulira obulungi. Okusinziira ku kugerageranya, state era nga assadquading aspiration assiration ekiyinza okulemesa omutuuze okufuna omukutu gwa gavumenti oba okugugaana.[FLT] Legivvu ya buli muntu okuba n'akabulimu akasobola okuwakanya okusalawo okw'omuganyulo. K'ensonga ey'ensonga esooka, okusalawo okwakakozesebwa mu nkola eyakakozesebwa mu ngeri ereetebwa akakwak'enkola eya bulijjo [[FLT]][FLT]][5]][5]][2023]) yayogera ku bukulu bw'ensonga enkulu eva mu nkola eya gavumenti nga tennagoberebwa, ekiteetaakula enkola ey'enkola mu ngeri ey'etaatakwa aka bulijjo. Kino kijja kulaga engeri y'okulaga engeri ey'okulaga obutuufu ey'oku

'State' era kino kifo ekirala eky'okwawula amannya. Amagatte galina amateeka agasaba kampuni okutegeeza abantu nga waliwo data gye zigobererwa. Singa etteeka libagaana okutongoza oba singa etteeka lyayo liba ttono, olwo olwo ekiragiro eky'okutegeka olukalala lw'ebintu tekirina kussaawo lukalala olw'enkomeredde mu kifo kya 1449. Spookeo, Inc. Robins[20] [20], Kkooti ekkooti ekkiriza nti amateeka agaawula tegalina kakwate ku mateeka ga gavumenti gaagibwa ng'okuyimirira olukalala nga tewali kibidde. Kino kiraga nti okugattiŋŋana ku bukuumi bwa ku ludda olwa ddyo kiyinza okulagira ddala akabi. Kyokka, obubbi n'obukujjuzi obusingako obutuufu, “bukko kano kayinza okukyusiza mu ku kutegeera obulungi ebigambo byayo mu kkooti ey'omutina kusalawo okugaana okugaana okugaana okugoberebwa mu nkola ey'okuteekawo okugaana okugaana okugaana okutaawula

Ebiseera eby’Omu Maaso eby’Okusalawo ku Nkyukakyuka

Enkola eno ebadde ya maanyi nnyo. Mu kyasa ekyamakumi abiri, egaziyizza eddembe ly'abantu. Mu myaka 20 kusooka, tekinologiya eya tekinologiya atalowoozebwanga. Omuntu ayinza okutwala oluguudo olumu ku lunyuma lwa mirundi esatu.

Ekkubo ery'okuna: Ekiragala kya Analogy

Kkooti esobola okweyongera okukuba mmaapu ku mitawaana. Ng'ekyokulabirako, olukalala lw'ebyuma ebikuumibwa mu Amereka olw'okuna luyinza okugattibwa ku mabaluwa n'ebikwatibwako; olukalala lw'enkuŋŋaana luyinza okusangibwako.

Engeri ey’Okubiri: Okutandikawo Eddembe Eppya

Kkooti eyo yasobola okukitegeera nti tekinolog eno ereme okutegeerwa okuggya mu Bill of Rights. Ng'ekyokulabirako, eddembe ery'okulabirako obulabi obw'ennamba obugendera ku ndagiriro ezikyamu okusinziira ku ndagiriro ezikyamu, liyinza okutwalibwa ng'enkulu ya “eddembe.” Kino kyandibadde kikoma ku mpandika y'ebyawandiikibwa ebyasooka, naye ekiragiro eky'okukyusaamu mu mpandika eya 1448 eky'Olukalala kirina ekkomo (Roe v., 1973; bergefell. v [FLT], 2015]). Kkooti eyo eyinza okusalawo oba nga “ennamba ezaakulaze mu byafaayo bino ebikumi na bikumi bya waggulu".

Ekkubo ery'okusatu: Stateātien de formation

Tebasobola na kubaako kye bakolawo mu bwangu, Kkooti enkulu eyinza okuleka enzivuunula za digina okusinziza ku masaza. Ekiragiro kino kyamasaza mangi galina amateeka agakakasa obwannannyini ku nsonga za kyama. California, nga galina obuyinza okubeera obwamaguzi obutasangibwa mu Mateeka ga gavumenti. Singa gavumenti zeeyongera okugezaako, ziyinza okukola ebiwandiiko ebiyamba mu kukyusa ntegeka z'ensi n'enkola z'eggwanga. Kkooti eyo bw'eba nga y'esalawo engeri abo bokka abasobola okweteeka wansi ku mateeka.

Ebirowoozo by’Abantu n’eby’Obufuzi

Obulagirizi kkooti bw'ewa busobola okuleetera abatuuze okukolaganira ku nkolagana ennungi n'ebibiina bya gavumenti oba abantu kinnoomu. Kkooti bw'eba n'obusobozi obw'amaanyi obwa kompyuta, etteeka lijja kwetaagibwa okufuna ebitaagibwa ku mikutu gya kompyuta nga teginnaba kukebera bubaka ku kompyuta, okukebera ebiba ku ssimu okusobola okukwata oba okusindika tekinologiya w'oku maaso mu bifo ebya lukale. Kkooti bw'egaana okubaamu, abantu abamu bajja kweyongera okufuna eddembe erisingako ate abalala teririnaamu.

Ekitegeeza nti okugattika ekiwandikiro oba eky'okukyusa kiyinza okuteeka amateeka agatali gamu ku nviromenti. Ekiragiro bwe kiba nga kisalawo ekigondebwawo ku disitulikiti ey'oku sistemu, eyinza okukoma ku mateeka agaba ga nnyinyonnyola oba okukoma ku kusibawo okugawakanya ku tteeka erikwata ku by'obufuzi. Ekiragiro kino bwe kitaba na kya nukulembedde, amateeka ne kigaana okugateeka ku nsonga ezituufu naye ate ne kisobozesa okukebera ebibakwata ku nkuŋŋaana. obuvunaanyizibwa obw'okugatta ebizikwata ku pulatiibwa nga busobola okuzuula oba okukoma okugaana okukankankanyisiinya ku Internet nga tegatekkiriranyamenya mateeka.

Mu nkomerero, enkola ereetebwawo mu kutandika n'ennamba ez'enjawulo ziba zeetaagisa gavumenti okuteekawo enkola eziyinza okusobozesa enzijjuvu nga za algoritive zikola ku bintu ebikulu. Enkola ey'okusalawo okw'obwannakyewa mu nkola ey'obwannakyewa, okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezikwata ku mbeera z'abaana, n'okunoonyereza ku nsonga z'obujjanjabi kw'abazadde, eby'okukyusaamu ebikolebwa ku nsonga z'obudde, ebireeteendwawo, ebireetebwawo n'ebitongole bisobola okukongojjera ku nkola eya bulijjo. Kkootikko ya Supper eyinza okuba nga terina bukakafu bulaga musingi gwa Goldberg v. Kelly

Enteekateeka ya tekinologiya n'eddembe lya buli muntu kinnoomu buli kiseera kibadde mulimu gwa mateeka ga Amereka. Ekiragiro kino kitegeka nti eddembe ek'okusitikilamu lijja kukolebwako okulaga obusaasizi bw'ab'obuyinza oba amaanyi ga ntegeka. Obubonero bwa tekinologiya obwa tekinologiya bwebugatta mu buli mbeera y'obulamu, ekibuuzo kino tekirina kuba [[ era n'obusobozi buno bujja kuteekebwa mu nkola y'emu n'obusobozi bwa kompyuta.

[[AGUMENTI:0] Okusobola okwongera okusoma, laba ekirowoozo kya Kkooti esinga obukulu mu [[KATANDIKA] Karmer v. United States era n'okwekeberera obwa kompyuta mu .[FLT]]