Bintu Ki Bye Tuyinza Okutwala nga Tusaba?

Okunoonyereza okw'engeri eyo kusikiriza nnyo abantu abeefuula ng'abanoonyereza ku nsonga eziba za mutawaana. Okwawukana ku kunoonyereza okwa nnamaddala okusobola okupima endowooza za bantu, okunoonyereza kukolebwa okusobola okubukyusa nga basaasaanya ebintu ebikyamu oba ebibuzaabuza. Emirundi egisinga okukuba obuvvuuzi ku laboozi ku kompyuta oba okunoonyereza ku dipulogitansi, kujja kuba kubuuza ebibuuzo eby'omutawaana ebimala mu kitangaala, gamba nga "Okwetaasa oba obutatera kulondamu ku ky'awula mu ngeri ey'amaanyi, X singa omanyi nti bali bawanduddeko omusango oba nga tewali kye bakkiriza. Ekiruubirirwa kino tekirina kukuŋŋaanya data naye si kuteeka ebirowoozo mu ndowooza y'abavvumbuzi. Kyokka, okunoonyereza okunoonyereza okubuvuunula mu ngeri y'emu nga kusinziira ku mateeka ga Bulanduunuk'okunoonyereza.[F]

Ebitundu eby’Enjawulo Ebikwata ku Bubugwe n’Ebibuga

Okusobola okutegeera engeri okunoonyereza gye kukwata ku bantu ab’enjawulo, kikulu okwekenneenya ebifo eby’enjawulo ebyekusifu abantu gye bakuba ku Intaneeti, emikutu egikolera ku bintu ebikolebwa abavvuunulizi mu byalo ne mu bibuga.

Ebirala eby’Omu byalo: Waliyo Emikutu gy’Eby’Eby’Eby’Obudaala Egyali Gitono n’Emigaati egy’Omu Nsi

Mu byalo bingi, kiba tekikolagana bulungi mu bifo eby'enjawulo. Okunoonyereza ku mikutu gya mawulire, n'endowooza endala. Kino kitegeeza nti mu byalo, abantu bassa obwesige mu mikutu gya kompyuta egya bulijjo, amaka, ne bannabyabufuzi, ebitongole bya byabunnamukyo. N'ebibiina bya bya bufuzi, n'ebitongole bya bannabyabufuzi, n'ebitongole ebirala, tebirabakkiriza kuwuliriza mawulire ga njawulo. Okunoonyereza ku mikutu gya Intaneeti, oba obubaka, bwe kuba nga bunoonyeza ku nsonga za mmeseetunzi, kuyinza okutwalibwa ng'okunoonya obubaka obwa bulijjo olw'okuba tekuli kabukuli kalonda. Ate era n'abantu b'omu byabunyinyinyinyinyinyi ebikozesebwa mu byalo, ebiva mu byalo ebirala, tewali ebibiina ebiva mu bya bannannyini mulimu okubumanya. Ate era n'okunoonyereza okwetooloola, abantu mu nsi eyo, abantu bangi babadde banoonya okumanya ebifaananyisike. Ate era ne mu nsi eyo terimu na bannannyini ezo, nga bannabinjawugasaafuyo ebitongole ebitongole ebitongole ebipya

Ebitongole Ebirala mu Urdomenti: Ebiwandiiko Ebingi Ebirimu Ebitundu Ebitali Bimu

Mu butuufu, okunoga kw'abavvuoti okwawukana ku. Ebibuga ebinene birina empapula z'amawulire nnyingi, ebitongole bya rediyo ne ttivi, bingi nnyo ebiwandiikibwa amawulire ku luguudo, era n'abatuuze b'omu Urn bafunye endowooza ez'enjawulo ku by'obufuzi, en'okukebera ebitongole, n'obubaka ku biwandiro. Kyokka, abantu b'omu kibuga beegatta ku ttabi olw'enjawulo nga bassa ssematalo. Mu by'ensi, mu bya bya bya byanno mu byanno, ne mu bya ssemajeempuni nga ssar'eby'obugazi, ebiva mu biryawulu ne mu bitundu ebirala, ebiva mu bisangibwa mu bitundu eby'enjawulo. Abatuuze b'omu kibuga kino bayinza okufuna amawulire okuva mu n'ensulo eziva mu nsi endala nga The York Times oba NPR, nga bassawoondeka obuyambi mu by'ongera ku by'obumenyi bw'amadasomero agamu mu nsi ez'ebitongole ebirala eby'ebitongole ebiyinza okusaasaanya ebiyinza okusaasaanya ebiva mu bungi.

Engeri Okukuba Gye Kubuzaabuzamu

Okunoonyereza okwa kampuni kuganyula nnyo kubanga kukozesa enkola eno okuteebereza endowooza z'abantu, era okutegeera enkola ezo kituyamba okutegeera ensonga lwaki abantu abalonda mu byalo ne mu bibuga bayinza okweyisa mu ngeri ya njawulo.

Okuwagira Obuwagizi n’Okweyawulamu

Okuwagira obusosoze kye kintu ekitwalibwa ng'okugezaako okuzuula, okunnyonnyola, n'okujjukira ebintu ebikakasa enzikiriza eziriwo. Bannasayansi banoonyereza nga bateeka ebigambo bino mu ngeri ereetera omulabe okuteeka mu mutima gwe. Ng'ekyokulabirako, omuvvuzi wa mu byalo ayinza okukakasa akakwate akakakasa nti omufuzi wa demokulase awagira enkola ezikosa abantu abali mu bifo eby'obufumbo oba enzikiriza ez'enjawulo. Okulonda okwamu omulala kw'ekibiina ekimu kubaleetera okukkiriza obusokesirosoosi. Munnaakyo alaga obusosoze obungi obusingawo ate nga bw'awunzi obusingako obuva mu n'ebiva mu n'ebiva mu mawulire eby'enjawulo, obukyayinja ebiyinza okunafuya embeera. Okugoba okuviirako okutamuwakanya.[10]

Obubonero n’Ensibuko y’Ebizimbe Beerabira

Another psychological weapon used by push polls is the "sleeper effect." Over time, people tend to forget the source of information while retaining the information itself. A voter who hears a false accusation during a push poll may later forget the dubious source but remember the accusation as a fact. This is particularly dangerous in rural areas where there are fewer competing sources to counter the claim. In urban environments, the higher density of information sources and faster news cycle can sometimes "overwrite" the false memory, but if the push poll is targeted to a community with its own closed information loop (e.g., a specific ethnic social media group), the sleeper effect can still take hold. The sleeper effect is more pronounced when the message is repeated, and push poll scripts are often designed to repeat the accusatory question multiple times in slightly different forms.

Obujulizi Obulaga Enjawulo Ezaava ku Katonda

Wadde nga tekitera kubaawo kunoonyereza ku nsi, okunoonyereza ku ngeri ensi gy’ekulamu n’ebintu ebigirimu bituyamba okufuna amagezi.

Okunoonyereza Okulaga nti Abantu Bayinza Okubeera mu Bibuga

2016 okunoonyereza okwafulumizibwa mu Empuliziganya ey'obusobozi kwekebeza engeri gye kiyinza okukozesebwamu kaweefube ow'okukyusa ebifa ku nyunzi ez'enjawulo. Kyazuula nti abavvuzi mu bitundu ebya wansi ennyo obwa nyunzi (okuva mu byalo gye kikolagana ne 'procence') kyakakasibwa nnyo okulonda ebiba bitegekebwa obukolerwamu obulango obwa bannannyini obwa 'socinnyonyoosi'. Okwekereza okubuteeka mu n'okukuteeka mu nkola ey'obulango obwa bulijjo okunoonyereza okusinga okulonda ebikolebwako mu n'ebifo eby'obugazi. Abanoonyereza bano baakizuula nti mu bitundu bya Amerika, okunoonyereza okw'ebitongole byayongerwamuko ebintu ebitono, ne bye bireetawo obunene mu ku n'obuzibu obusinga obunene obwa bulijjo, ebiva mu ku ku ku n'okunoonyereza okw'okunoonyereza okw'okugimu.

Okuziyiza n’Okuziyiza Ebibuga

Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa abantu mu Urban okukakaatika tekukkirizibwa buli kiseera. Okugezesa kwa 2020 okwa yunivasite ya Southern California kwagezesebwa ku kunoonyereza okuleetera abantu okunoonyereza nga bannassaayansi mu kibuga ne mu kabuga Los Angeles County. ebyava mu byalaga nti kye bavvuoti kyali kizibu okukyusiza abatuuze mu bibuga okukyusa ebigendererwa byabwe, obutundu obutonotono nga abo abaalonda ab'enjereere oba abaali mu bitundu eby'enjawulo eby'omu ggwanga erya waggulu nga bwe batera okuloseessa wansi. Okunoonyereza okwo kwalaga nti ekifaananyizo eky'enjawulo si kye ky'enjigiriza mu nkyukakyuka buli kifo eky'okulonda, naye "empeennyonnyonnyo si kye kikoze mu kikola mu bujjuvu mu byalo byalo byalo. Ate mu byabugagga bingi kubaako n'okunoonyereza okunoonyereza okusinga okumanyisaanyanyanyanyanya obunene mu byamu mu byalokyungi.

Ebyokulabirako eby’Abantu Abalimba n’Ebibala Byabwe

Ebyokulabirako eby’edda biraga amaanyi g’okukaka abantu okulonda, era n’engeri gye bikutte ku ngeri okulonda gye kuzze kuvaamu mu byalo ne mu bibuga.

Mu Mpagazi w’Ebukiika Ddyo mu 2000

Ekimu ku ebyo ebimanyiddwa ennyo kwe kubalirira obulaguzi kyaliwo mu 2000 South Carolina nga wayiseewo emyaka mingi wakati wa George W. Bush ne John McKain. McKain, eyali awangudde New Hampshire, yali yeeyongera. Mu ngeri eyo, abasirikale abatamanyiddwa baakubiriza okunoonyereza mu bitundu byonna.[1] Okunoonyereza kungi okwaliwo nti McKain yazaala omwana Omulangira (McKaina yasigirwa munnanziki okuva e Bangladesh). Okukuba obululu obwakozesebwa mu lulimi olwo, "Kyandibadde alabika ng'okulonda John McCain singa omanyi nti alina omwana omuddubuddubu afulumye mu bufumbo?" Okuvunagibwa okw'obulimba okwasaasaanyizibwa mu bya byalo, ne ku buwagizi bwa Bank, naddala mu bwengula, obunene. Bush yawangula okunoonyereza okw'okunoonyereza okw'okungi mu bwewanjulaanyi.

Olukiiko Olukulu olw'Eby'Okulonda n'Okutangirira Obubonero mu 2016

Mu kulonda okwa 2016, okukuba obujulizi kuleetawo engeri ez'enjawulo. Enkola eno emanyiddwa nga "okunoonyereza abalimba" ekozesebwa okunoonyereza okusobola okuzuula n'okulonda abo ababa bagenda okugenda okusemba. Okunoonyereza kuno kwakolebwa mu byalo mu bitundu nga Wisconsin, Michigan, ne Pennsylvania. Ebyaliwo byatandika okusaasaanya okwemulugunya ku ttale. Era byaleetera okulemberwa okw'eby'obusuubuzi n'okuddirira kwa bya bannalukalala. Mu bibuga, obutono obwakozesebwanga okuteeka essira ku nsonga gamba nga ebisulo oba enzivvuunuzi, naye nga ebibaago eby'enjawulo byatumbulwanga mu by'amadamocrackusiro, n'okugo, n'eby'ebyenfuna okubukyusa kwabyo, ne kyongera amaanyi mu ku kunoonyereza kwa dimocracratic , okubuuka mu bifo eby'eby'obuddengo.

Empaka n’Emiganyulo Egiri mu Kudduka Empaka

Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa mu ngeri ey'okukuba pukuuti mu mawanga ag'omu kibuga, mu b'ebitundu ebitegekebwa ebitegeke eby'omu kibuga, ne mu ssaza, gye batamanyidde nnyo bibangi. Mu byalo, kaweefube omu ow'okunoonyereza ku nsonga z'ebyumaumaumaumauma, kuyinza okusingira ddala okuba nga y'ensonga enkulu ennyo. Mu magakkati agalimu empewo g'ebyuma eby'amakutu ebireetebwawo, ebivaamu bitera okugobererwa ennyo okunoonyereza mu mawulire okw'omu kitundu. Kyokka, mu bibuga ne mu bitundu ebirimu empapula z'amawulire, empapula z'amawulire /'obudde, ebifo gye ziggalidde oba gye zikomya okunoonyereza okusinga okuko obujulira. Okunoonyereza okwakolebwa obulala 2018 kwa Columbia Journalism kwalaga engeri gye kwakulemberwamu mu ggwanga ery'omu Australia eri mu kibuga Atlantantaneti, empapula ne bilekamu ebinoonyezza ebiteesooteego ku kawero.

Okwekenneenya Emitindo gy’Eby’Amateeka n’Ebikwata ku by’Okwesalirawo

Emirimu egiba gigobereddwa mu kunoonyereza kw’ensi gikontana okusinziira ku mateeka, era tegikuumye mateeka olw’okuba abantu bagoberera demokulase.

Amateeka agakola wano

Mu Amerika, okunoonyereza okukakaatika okukolebwa kukuumibwa ng'okwogera okw'eby'obufuzi mu kifo eky'empeereze eyasooka, naye enzivuunula ezimu zirina okubuuka. Ng'ekyokulabirako, etteeka lya California lisaba nti okunoonyereza kwonna okukolebwa kulina okulambula ekiwandikiro eky'amasimu. Texas okugaana okukozesa ebigambo eby'obulimba mu kunoonyereza. Kyokka, abakwasisa bagole bakugira okunoonyereza okw'engeri nga bakozesa amakonkosi oba empuku ez'ebyuma by'amasimu okwekereza. Federal Commissions (FC) ewandikibwe nga tewandikiddwawo olukulembeddwawo olugambo olw'okukubira mu n'amasimu, naye bangi bagezaako okubunvuunika ebibagirwa mu mpalo, nga bagoberera obubaka obugenda mu kijjukizo. [FFG0:]

Okweegayirira Okuleetawo Enkyukakyuka

Ebibinja ebikola ng'ebyo, nga mw'otwalidde ekitongole ekimanyiddwa nga Common Cause and League of Women Voters, biwagidde okuleetawo enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi eziyinza okuleetera okunoonyereza okugaana ebigambo eby'obulimba. Abamu bawa amagezi ageetaagisa "Amazima mu kunoonyereza" dislaisemer. Ekizibu kiri nti okukakasa obuwandiikizi obutegeeza nti obujulizi tebulina makulu mu kifo ky'obutuufu, bulemesemba enkola ya ku bwo. Mu Canada, etteeka eririmu ligaana omuntu yenna okumenya enjawulibwa obulungi ensonga ezikwata ku munnaalo munnaawungi, era lireseesa okunoonyereza okusobola okuwangula. Munnabyanjula, okunoonyereza okw'ebigattira eswooleka obujulizi mu bya bya byalo bya Canada, ne bigaana obujulizimbi obw'okumanyisaamu.

Obukodyo bw’Okuyamba Abalala Okulaba Akabi Akava mu Kusaasaanya

Okusobola okwogera ku kunoonyereza okukaka abantu okukolebwa, kyetaagisa enkola ey'enjawulo esobozesa ebibuga n'ebifo ebivvuunulibwa okulonda.

Obuyigirize bw'Ebigambo n'Okuwandiika

Kaweefube ow'eby'enjigiriza alina okukwataganyizibwa n'ebyo bye bateeka mu nkola: mu byalo, okunoonyereza kusobola okugattibwa mu bibaawo, emboozi z'ekkanisa, ne programu za leediyo. Ekigendererwa kwe kuyigiriza abalonde okulaba obubonero bw'okunoonyereza: enkozesa y'olulimi, obutaba na muntu abuuza ebibuuzo ku nsonga ezikwata ku by'obufuzi, era n'okugaana okufuna obuyambi mu kunoonyereza. Mu bibuga, okukolagana n'amasomero g'amaterekero g'essomero ne amaterekero g'essomero, era ne programu za disimu ez'okunoomutaadi ziyinza okuyamba okuzuula enkula y'ebintu ebitwalibwa nga bigobeeyambisibwa okuyitira mu empuliziganya.

Ekizibu Ekya Mangu Kye Kiyinza Okutuuka ku Bantu

Ebibiina ebikebera ebiwandiiko n'ebitundu nga Politifact ne FactCCCorg bisobola okunoonyereza ku ebyo ebiba biwandiikiddwa abavvuunuzi, naye okusobola okuzuula ebigendererwa, kiyinza okukolebwa nga bayingiza obukujjukujju. Okunoonyereza ku by'enkola n'okunoonyereza ku nsonga. Okunoonyereza okwa yunivasite y'e Michigan kwalaga nti obuteego bw'okunoonyereza mu ssaawa 24 oluvannyuma lwa kaweefube okukubawo akakuba akajuliro ku ky'okunoonyereza ku by'onoonyereza kuyinza okukendeeza ku mboozi.

Emitindo Egikyusa Obulamu bw’Abantu

Abanoonyereza ku nsonga ezibakwatako baba baagala okwawulawo ab'enkola eza gavumenti okuva ku kunoonyereza. Ebibiina ebikola ku by'obukolero bwa byamakolero nga AAPOR ne National Council on Public Polls (NNCP) biyinza okuleetera abanoonyereza ab'amateeka okukikkiriza. Eggwanga liyinza okukaka abantu okugondera amateeka nga geewandikira ebiwandiiko nga l'okunoonyereza kwonna okw'ebyobufuzi okukaka okukaka abantu okujjuziganya obululu obululu. Omuntu bw'afuna amalo getaalina okulonda, era nga kino kiyinza okukiteeka mu nkola amangu. Okugatta ekyo, abo abakuba amasikiririza amasimu n'amabaluwa bayinza okuyamba okukkiririza ennamba okubuuka ku ngeri gye basengekemu. Tekinoni ze za tekinologiya ze ziteekwa okusebwa.

Okwo kukomekkereza: Nkuuma enkola ey'okusalawo nga n'obw'okugikozesa n'okumanyiira

Okunoonyereza kwa bannakyewa kusigala nga kwa maanyi nnyo mu kulonda mu Amereka kubanga bakozesa enkola za tekinologiya mu mawulire ne mu ngeri ez'enjawulo ez'okukwataganya. Obujulizi bulaga nti abavvuoti ab'omu byalo mu byalo basobola okukakala olw'okuba waliwo obuwagizi obw'enjawulo era n'okwesiga ennyo ennyingo z'ennyimpito. Kyokka, okulonda abakuba ebibuga tekukugira, naddala singa basalawo mu bitundu bya demogeri oba mu bibuga ebire. Obusibe obusinga obungi obwo buba buzibuwalibwa okumanya oba obutundu obwa bannabwo. Bweba nga baakiri nti obutasobola kufuna katale oba obusawo ku butamanyisa oba obutundutundu obwe, oba obusinga okukakasaanyalala. Mu ngeri kiyinza okukakasaamu okuteeka mu nkola ebiteesobo, oba okunoonyereza ku by'eby'amanyabootoota, oba okunoonyereza ku nkola ebikolebwa mu ngeri gye tuyinza okukaka okusobozesa okuleetawo endowooza ey'enkola mu mazima awatali kugoberera mu mazima.