Table of Contents
Edda Essaawa z’Eby’Amateeka: Dawn of Codfied Judget
Ebiragiro ebyasooka tebyalina n'eddiini oba mpisa; byali bigambo ebyogera ku ngeri abantu gye batwalamu ebintu mu nsi. Mu Mesopotamiya ey'edda, , Code ya Hammurabi ('aka 'bukakafu']) ('akakolobono aka 1754]) kaateekawo emu ku mateeka agasooka okuwandiikibwa. Kamera yalimu amateeka 282 agabikka ku bintu, ebikolebwa ku byuma, amaka, n'ebikolwa eby'abamenyi b'amateeka. Omusingi gwago ogwakozesebwa ku “liso lya tteeka eritwalibwa mu kifo kya eriiso". Wabula ekiragiro ekyayimirizibwamu ku kibiina, ebigobererwa ddala abaddu, byayisibwa mu ngeri ya njawulo. Amateeka gano gaayamba nnyo okuganyula abaddu.
Mu Misiri ey'edda, amateeka gaavanga mu ndowooza ya Maat [Amazima] (ekiragiro, ebiragiro). Falaawo yaweerezanga ng'abalamuzi abafuga empalana era enkaayana mu mateeka zaagoonjoolebwanga n'ekangaanya. Ebibi by'omumenyi w'amateeka byabonerezebwanga nga bakuba, oba nga bawaŋŋanwa. Enkola y'amateeka yagonjoooolekanga okuzzaawo emirembe mu kifo ky'ekibonerezo ekijjuvu.
Etteeka ekkulu ennyo eryava mu Rooma. amateeka g'Abaruumi gaakyuka okuva ku mannya 12 (451-450 BCE) okutuuka ku kugatta kwa empula Justinian mu kyasa eky'omukaaga CE('E] Consupus Juliis . Abatemu amateeka g'Abaruumi baakulaakulanya endowooza ezifaananako [[[[FLT:]]] amateeka ag'omu butonde[FLT:] [FLT:] [5]] (emitindo egifuga mu ngeri esaanira]),, [abantu , ne [FLT] ebirala ebibajjuulibwa mu bitundu by'amateeka mu nsi ya Amerekawo (Es.S][FLT:][5][5][5][5]][5][E] Ebigo ebigo eby'omulembe eby'omula amateeka eby'omulembeesaze], era n'omu Amerekayomu, era
Okumanya ebisingawo ebikwata ku kuwaayo okw'Abaruumi, laba [[NTL:0]Britannica amateeka g'Abaruumi [[[Akabonero:1]].
Emyaka gya Masekkati: Amateeka agagakwata ku bantu bonna, enjigiriza z’Ekifeudaliikiizi, n’Eddiini ez’Ekitalo
Obwewagguzi bw'obwakabaka bwa Rooma bwaleetawo enjawukana mu mateeka ageesigamiziddwa ku bufumbo n'enkolagana wakati w'abantu. Mu Bungereza, ekyaviirako okutandikawo kw'amateeka aga bulijjo wansi wa Kabaka Henry II (ekyasa ekya 12.). Mu kifo ky'obulombolombo bw'omu kitundu ebyenjawulo, abalamuzi baatambula mu nsi eyo ne bakola enteekateeka ey'okuteekawo amateeka agaasinziirwako.
[[NT:0] Magna Carta yali kiseera kya kkulu nnyo. Yakakaatika ku Kabaka John nga barons abajeemu bass, era n'eraga nti kabaka yali tasukkulumye ku mateeka. Claus akakasa nti kino kyetaagisa. "Nga bwe kiba nga eddembe eriweebwa banne okuwozesebwa mu ngeri ey'obwenkanya", ebiwandiiko ebirala eby'amateeka byewandiise nga U.S. Bill of Rights. The Magna Carta era yakendeeza ku misolo n'endwadde, okusiga ensigo ez'ebintu, era n'okusigazanyanyisa ebiwandiiko ku ddembe ly'eby'obuwandisi oba eddembe ly'abantu.
Obusosoze bwatandikawo enkola y'amateeka: abaami baakwasisa kkooti zaabwe ezaavunaanibwanga ensonga zaabwe, kkooti za masaza ne zikolako enkaayana z'eby'obutuuze, era n'amateeka g'ekkanisa (gaafuganga obufumbo, obusika, n'emisango gy'obukulembeze bw'abakulembeze b'eddiini. Amateeka g'abamenyi b'amateeka gaakuumanga obukakali, era n'ag'abamenyi b'amateeka. Ekkanisa yagaana okubonerezebwa, era ne gattibwa nga gamu ekibonerezo ekisinziirwako ky'obubbi, okuzza obujeemu n'okujeempanya. Kyokka, okulumizibwa mu kkooti z'abakunguzi] (g. g. g., nga galina ebyuma ebikongerivu)
Emyaka gya Masekkati nga ginaatera okuggwako, obuyigirize bw'omu mateeka bwakulaakulanyizibwa mu yunivasite nga Bologna ne Oxford. Abayivu bazzaawo amateeka g'Abaruumi, ne batandikawo isooti eri'amateeka amangi mu Bulaaya . Etteeka erigattiddwa eryagattamu Abaruumi, eddiini, n'obulombolombo bw'omu kitundu.
Olutalo n’Okutulugunya
Ekkanisa y'Abakatuliki yateekawo enkola yayo ku bikwata ku mateeka. amateeka agaagomama[1] /abakulu b'eddiini, amasakalagisa n'emisango egikwata ku mpisa. Okutulugunya okubunaanya okwatandikibwawo mu kyasa ekya 13. Okutulugunya okuleetawo enkola ez'okunoonyereza ku nzikkiriza enjawukana. Wadde nga kyakwataganyizibwanga n'okutuluguza n'okunvunnaamo, Okutulugunya emisango era ne kyonoona enkola ya ennux] [ [okunoonyereza ku], oluvannyuma okwaleetera enkola y'obumenyi bw'amateeka mu Bulaaya.
Ekitangaala: Endowooza Ennuŋŋamu, Ennungi, n’Enkyukakyuka
Mu kyasa ekya 17 ne 18, ekizimbulukusa kya maanyi nnyo.[1] [[FLT]]][="FOLT]] nga kyakukyusaamu mu ngeri ey'ekika kya tteeka. Abafirosoofo baalagira amateeka okwesigamizibwa ku ndowooza, eddembe ly'enzaalwa, ne endagaano ey'omu nfuga so si ku kiragiro kya Katonda oba ekyo kabaka ky'akoze.
[[[NKULULA:] John Locke yagamba nti abantu balina eddembe eriyinza okubunyisibwa mu bulamu, eddembe, n'ebintu, era nti gavumenti eteekwa okukuuma eddembe lino. Manteusquieu[[ kye kyawandiikirwa okuyawula obufuzi (obugattira, amateeka) okuziyiza obukalu, okuziyiza obukalu obuli mu majimu n'entegeka ez'omulembe. [[FLT:]][FLT:][FLT:][5] mu [FLT:] [FLT]] okuteekawo amateeka n'okuboneresa obukyayiribwa, okukomyawo ebyama, n'okubonereza.[5][FLT] Kino kiyinza okuleetera ekiragiro okuteekawo enzirowoozaamu.[5]
Endowooza ez'ennyinnyonnyola ennyinnyonnyola mu mateeka zaaleetera enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi mu Amereka ne Amerika okubuna. Oluvoomoozi olw'oku Amereka lwaleetawo ssemateeka (1787) ne Bill of Rights (1791), okutandikawo enkola, okutongoza olukiiko lw'abalamuzi, n'okukukuuma obutakkiriza bantu kweyisa nga bwe baagala oba okwebonereza okw'amaanyi. [[FLT:] [FLT]] Olukumbo olw'obusosoze [[FLT:] lwavanyuma okuggyawo enkizo ez'okaanyiri ez'enjawulo era ne luteekawo eddembe eri [[FLT] ery'ennaananyinyinyini ku ddembe n'ekitongole , eryatuutira bonna nga bwe lifaanana amateeka ne ebituufu.
Ekimu ku ebyo ebyasinga okukolebwa kwe kuba nti ekibiina ekikola eby'okugatta awamu kyali kimaze okusaasaana. Amateeka nga tegannaba kumanyibwa, okukontana, era nga ga kyamaguzi. Abalongoozi baali baagala empandika ez'enkwaso, ez'enkola ze basobola okutegeera obulungi. [ Nacolonic Confect Confect [ [184]] [184] kye kyakola ekisinga oku ennyo mu nsi yonna ekyaviirako okukomyako obusokerowi bw'enjjuluze, ekyakakasa eddembe ly'eby'obugagga, ne ku kugattululwa. Era kyakola ng'ekiteerezizo ku mpagiro enzivu mu Italy, Spain, mu Latinist America, era ne ku bitundu bya Buwala. Okusingawo, laba [FF:4]
Ekyasa 19: Okukulaakulana, Amakolero, n’Ekyokulabirako ky’Abantu
Ekyasa ekya 19 kyakulaakulanyizibwa olw'okukula mu mateeka olw'obuttunzi, n'enkola z'abantu. Amateeka ga bantu gaagaziyizibwa ne gafuuka bitundu ebippya: amateeka ga ssemateeka, aga tort (etteeka erifuga enfuga n'omugugu) n'amateeka aga kabukkusito. Akakwa k'ekikungu kya German [BB, 1900] kaafuuka enkola yakyo enkulu, emanyiddwa olw'entegeka yago n'ensengekero.
Amateeka era gaakyusaamu. Ekiragiro emirundi mingi kyamalawo okutta abantu era ne kikendeeza n'omuwendo gw'ebibi by'empaka. Ebiruubirirwa ebya amakomera gaatwalibwa okuzza abamenyi b'amateeka obuggya, so si okubabonereza obubonerevu. Akalango ak'empandika ak'empandiika y'empaka [1810]) kaaluŋŋamya amateeka agafaananako ng'agw'omu Bulaaya, okutandikawo ebibi, n'okumenya amateeka.
Ebitongole by'obusuubuzi byalwaniriranga enkola y'okugabana amakolero, okusasula emisaala emitono, era gavumenti zaakolanga emirimu gya porotokole, okukugira emirimu gy'abaana, n'amateeka agakwata ku kusasula abakozi. gano gaali mateeka agagattiddwawo mu mateeka ga bannakyewa ne bamenyi b'amateeka era n'abakola emirimu gayinza okusalirwa enzijanjaba oba okusalirwa omusango.
Obusobozi bw'abakazi era bwatandika okukyusa amateeka ga gavumenti. Ebikolwa by'Abakazi mu Bungereza ne Amerika byakkiriza abakazi abafumbo okwefunira ebintu era n'okutandikawo endagaano, nga biwakanya etteeka erikwata ku kukweyama kw'abakazi mu mateeka. Naye, okwenkanankana okw'omu mateeka tekwabangawo.
Ebibiina ebirwanirira obutujju byakomya obusuubuzi n'obuddu mu nsi nnyingi eza Atlantic we byatuukira ddala ku nkomerero y'ekyasa ekya 19. [FLT]] 13 (1865] ne [[FLT]] Empukusa ez'enjawulo [[FLT] [FULT]] [[2] Empicpation [] [183]]) kyali kikiikirira okukyuka wakati w'amateeka ga bannannyini obwa kika n'abaddu nga tebakyalina obutuuze naye nga tebakyalina bukuumi bwe bumu. Kyokka, amateeka aga Crow agaalagirawo olubala olukalala olupya, agalaga engeri amateeka gye gayinza okununula n'okunyigirizibwa.
Ekyasa 20: Eddembe ly’Abantu, Amateeka g’Ensi Yonna, n’Obusuubuzi
Amawanga gaayimbibwa mu 1945, era n'okutulugunya okw'ekikungo okw'Abanazi kwaleetawo obutategeeragana mu nsi yonna nti eddembe ly'obuntu lirina okukuumibwa amateeka nga(*) si lwa mawanga gokka, naye lwa bantu mu nsi yonna. Amawanga Entegeka z'Amawanga gaatandikibwawo mu 1945, era eddembe lyago n'etteeka erigakkiriza mu mateeka erigattika eddembe ly'obuntu obufuga, )] (1988]) gassaawo omutindo ogufaanaanyidwa: buli muntu alina eddembe, eddembe, oba obwenkanya, okuwozesebwa, era n'ensonga endala nnyingi.
Etteeka ery'ensi yonna lyakulabikira ng'etteeka ery'enjawulo. Olukiiko lw'abamenyi b'amateeka olw'ensi yonna olw'okulangirira okugezesebwa [1945-46] lwakakasa nti abantu basobola okutwalibwa ng'abasingisa omusango olw'obumenyi, obumenyi bw'amateeka, n'okutta abantu ekikula, wadde nga baawerebwa nga balagiddwa. Convention[[FLD]]Genenocrase[[F:] [5]] Convention [[F:]] [5]
Mu nsi nnyingi, kaweefube w'entegeka z'abantu mu Amerika yatongoza ekitongole ekigaba obwagazi amateeka. Civil Rights Act (1964) obusosoze obwava mu langi, eddiini, okwetaba, oba ensibuko ya ggwanga. [[FLT:]]] [FLT]] [2]] Active Rights Act [[[FLT:] [65]]] [65]) obusosoze obwava mu mateeka okulonda abantu mu Afirika.[FLT] era n'empandika y'empandika y'enkyukakyuka mu ngeri y'emu n'okukukkiriza okuzza obubonero obukyamu.[5]
Enteekateeka ez'okukolagana mu by'ensi yonna zaayagalanga nnyo okukolagana mu ngeri y'emu. Obusuubuzi obw'omu miwaatwa ogw'oku mulaladuko gw'ensi yonna bwalina amateeka agatakontana.[1] Olukuŋŋaana olw'okuyita ku Kibiina kya Kinnyonyola eky'Emitemere ey'Eby'Eby'Eby'Okukola kye kyeyambizo eky'okumanyika ennyo. Obukyuuka bw'enjjulukunzi bweyongera okumanyibwa mu ngeri y'okugonjoola obutakaanyisi. Mu kiseera kye kimu, amateeka agakwata ku ddembe ly'obuntu gaago gaaleetera amawanga okukkiririzaamu obulombolombo obulala, okuva ku ku ku ku kutuukirizibwa kw'obufunze.
E sisitemu z'amateeka okuva ku buwaŋŋana
Okugoba obukyayi oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II amawanga agaali geetongodde gaayolekagana n'okusalawo okuzibu ku bikwata ku mateeka. Amaka mangi gaasigalamu amateeka ga matwale ga Bungereza."
Obuzibu: Tekinologiya, Obwenkanya, n’Obukyukakyuka
Enkola za tekinologiya zigenda zikyuka mangu. Amateeka ag'omu ne tekinologiya] gajja kukyusa ndagiriro ez'okunnaawula, obubbi, obukumpanya ku mukutu gwa kompyuta, n'obumanyirivu bwa fayiro eza data. Kino kitegeeza nti buli muntu ateekwa okuba ng'alina empandika ey'amaanyi mu Buwandike obwa Bumerika (GDPR) mu ngeri y'okukuuma obubaka obwa bulijjo, okuteekawo ekiwandiiko ekinene olw'okumenyamenya amateeka. Kati ekiragiro ky'eby'amateeka kitwaliramu ebibi ebikolebwa mu ku kusasula ebiva mu kusasulwawo, okwesasuza ebiva mu kweyasa oba okuyingiza ebiva mu ku mikutu gya kompyuta.
Nga wa magezi ayamba abantu okunoonyereza ku nsonga ezikwata ku nkola y'ekidduka, babuuza ebibuuzo bino: Ani ayinza okukkirizibwa emmotoka eyeeyambisizza okuzza akabenje?
[[FLT:] Ekiragiro kino kiwandikiro kaweefube ow'okusalirawo abakungu omusango. Ekiragiro kino kiwandikiro 'Kibik'okuteekako essira ku nkola ey'okutulugunya n'okusibibwa mu kkooti, ne kiviirako okusazaamu omukeeka ssente. [FLT:] Ekiragiro kino kisalawo nti abantu bayisibwa bubi nnyo[[[FLT:]][FLT]] Ekiragiro kino kiyamba mu ngeri ey'okukwataganya abamenyi b'amateeka n'okuteekamu ebiwayike ebiba bya poliisi mu kifo kya poliisi. Amaga agamu agamu gayinza okumenya enzijira z'ebika bya polimu oba ebiva mu ku nkola ey'okwegatta ebikolebwako. [FLT:][FLT]] projectived prosementsss trations tractived trations tractived trationsctionmentmentmentmentmentmentmentmentmentmentmentmentmentmentment
Etteeka erikwata ku mbeera z'obutonde n'ebbanja. Enkyukakyuka mu nkyukakyuka mu mbeera y'obudde eri gavumenti ne kampuni, bikozesa ebiragiro ebya bulijjo (mu ngeri etegeeza nti, kakyayi) n'amateeka agafuga enneyisa ya gavumenti (mu ngeri eyo, okwonoona obutonde mu ngeri emenya amateeka). Paris Agument[ (2015] Kitongole ekikolera ku mateeka amateefu, naye kkooti z'ensi zitandise okukaka gavumenti okukola ku bbaka.
Okusobola okufuna enkyukakyuka mu nkola y'amateeka, laba Project eya Sendensing and arvocation
Ebiseera eby’Omu Maaso: Obulungi bw’Obwenkanya, Okutuuka ku Buwanguzi, n’Obukwata ku Bulaaya
Bwe tutunula mu maaso, emikutu egitali gimu egikwata ku kuwonya abalwadde giyinza okulaga engeri amateeka gye gajja okweyongera okukyuka. obwenkanya obwa bulijjo busobola okufuuka ekigambo ekikozesebwa mu kifo ekirala mu bibinja bingi, okukendeeza abantu mu makomera n'okwemalira ku mulimu ogw'okuwonya abalwadde. Kino kiraga engeri amateeka gye gajja okweyongera okukyuka. Okukola ebiteeso nga bikozesa tekinologiya owa tekinologiya, obukkirizibwa mu mateeka, ne buno obugobenjebwa nga //amaz'obukaluufu --im'okuggyawo olubala wakati w'amateeka n'abantu aba bulijjo. Ekiteeso empandika n'emirimu gy'obutongole ebikolebwa mu mateeka giyinza okuleetera obwenkanya era ne mu bwangu.
Okussaawo amateeka [[NKULU:0] mu ngeri entegeke obulungi kirabika kijja kugaziwa. Amateeka agafuga enfuga engeri ezifuga enfuga engeri ez'enjawulo (um'okugeza, okutunda, n'okukuuma enviromenti) bijja kuleetera enkola ez'okufuga enteekateeka z'omu maka. Obubonero obwa mu by'omu mateeka (obungi) gye bubeeramu mu bitundu by'ensi emu (umg., kkooti z'eddiini, enkiiko z'ebitundu, ne kkooti z'amateeka) bweyongerakommenti, ne kiba nga kyetaagisa okussaawo entegeka obulungi eddembe n'obufuzi bw'abantu.
Ku nkomerero, ekitegeeza [[[NT:0] amateeka ga gavumenti n'ag'abamenyi b'amateeka ga gavumenti gayinza okweyongera.''ekimu ku bino, obubangi bw'abamenyi b'amateeka bulemesa etteeka erifuga oba ekibonerezo ekikolebwa abamenyi b'amateeka. Okufiibwa kwa gavumenti (okuva ku bantu awatali mumenyi w'amateeka) kye kikozesezza okuvumirira ekiba kimenyese. Ebiseera eby'omu maaso biyinza okumanyibwa amangu ensalo oba enkola endala ez'ekikutulugu.
Mu bufunze, okutandikawo amateeka ga gavumenti n'ag’abamenyi b’amateeka tekubalukawo lukalala lwa nnyiriri, wabula kuba kukubaganya ku ddembe n'eddembe, okubonerezebwa, obuwangwa bw'omu kitundu, n'eddembe ly'obuntu.