Mu mateeka ga Amerika, wabaddewo enkyukakyuka zino ezisobozesa gavumenti z'ensi yonna okukomyawo obutuuti obwa Bungereza n'etteeka eryo. Mu kugoberera amateeka ago, eddembe eryateekebwa mu Bill of Rights(" okusooka lyagatta gavumenti y'eggwanga okukomya obutuuze bwa gavumenti(*). Enkyukakyuka eno teyajjawo mu mbagirawo; yava mu ntalo ez'amaanyi ez'omu mateeka ez'omulembe ogwa Amakumi abiri okutuukira ddala ku kiseera kino. Buli kigezo kyagezesa okutuuka ku mutemwa gwa 145Coundation ProcesClausce, okusobola okuzzaawo enkolagana wakati w'ab'obuyinza n'eggwanga, era n'obusobozi obunywevu obwandikuukiriziddwa okubeeyambibwa mu byafaayo okumanyibwa mu kwa buli kiwandiro ekya bulijjo n'empalo ekyagobeekira ab'obuyinza ku ddembe ery'okufuga abantu ab'obuyinza.

Ensibuko y’Enjigiriza Egikwata ku Kintu

Omulembe ogwatandikawo gwali tegusuubira nti Bill of Rights yandikoledde ku gavumenti ezo. Congress eyasooka yawa ekiragiro eky'okukyusa ekkumi ekisooka nti kkomo ku gavumenti eya gavumenti eyakatondebwa, enfuumuukako pulaani eyakikakasa bulungi n'ebiwandiiko bya kkooti enkulu mu Barron v. Baltimore (1833). Mu kusinziira ku ndowooza eyo, Omukulu John Marshall yagamba nti, okugattira ku ttendeko kya Find stances Clausdale teyasiba kibuga kya Balmorence kubanga Bill of Rights yali akolera ku gavumenti y'eggwanga yokka. Emyaka musanvu egiddako, kyabanga kya ddembe okwewasizaawo obukuumi bwabwe obwabwe ku ebyo.

Ekitundu kyakyusa ekifo oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo w'omunda. Okukyusa Amereka okw'ekinaana, naddala olukalala lw'ebintu olwatongozebwa mu 1868, kwaleetawo ekkomo eriggya ku buyinza bwa gavumenti. Ekitundu Ogumu ku makomera ga gavumenti kigamba: “Tewali ggwanga erina okussaawo oba okuwaliriza etteeka erina okusiba ku buyonjo oba okugobererwa abatuuze b'omu United States; wadde gavumenti yonna teriba na kubuza muntu yenna bulamu, ddembe oba bintu, awatali nkola ya mateeka; oba okugaana omuntu yenna ali mu buyinza bwayo okukuuma amateeka." Ebigambo bino byandibadde omusingi gwa kugibwa mu nukuuti z'ebyasa okusaaweetwa, naye amakulu gaabyo gaali gawaka okutandikira ku ntandikwa.

Mu Cases ez'Ennyumba (1873), kkooti esingayo obukulu yakugira nnyo enfuna oba amanya ga Claus, nga yatwala nti yakuuma obukwasi bw'obutuuze obwa buli ggwanga bwokka so si obujulizi obwali mu Bill of Rights. Ekiragiro kino kyamanyisa bulungi ekkubo eriyinza okukikuuma eddembe mu ggwanga lyonna. Kkooti mu kifo kyayo yakifuula ekitongole ekimanyiddwa nga Sccess Claise, ekitegeeza empandika y'enkola eya “Emiteesobo, ” nga gavumenti tezisobola kugitaagiramu bugunjufu. Kino kyasobozesa okunnyonnyola enkola ya Incoration Consurection.

Ekyasa ekya 20 bwe kyakatandika, kkooti ya 'FLT' yamanya nti okusobola okukuuma eddembe ly'obuntu, kyali kibadde kikkirizibwa okuteeka mu nkola enkola eno. mu mateeka ga New Jersey mu ngeri eyo, naye nga mu kiseera kye kimu tegassa kitiibwa mu mateeka agakwata ku nkolagana wakati w'enzikiriza ya bantu. Ensigo zaasimbanga amateeka agamu ku mateeka aga n'eba nga zigattiddwamu.

Okusoomooza okw’Olubereberye n’Okutandikawo kw’Okulonda

Gitlow v. New York (1925): Ekisenge ekiyitibwa Cracking ekya ofiisi y’ettabi

Ekiragiro kyatuuka ku buwanguzi mu Gitlow v. New York, 268 U.S. 652 (1925). Benjamin Gitlow, omulwanyi wa socialiyo, yasalirwa omusango mu mateeka mu New York olw'okufulumya akatabo akalaga okuwambibwa kwa gavumenti. Bannamateeka be baapikiriza nti olukusa olw'okufuga terukumira mu mateeka. Kkootize olw'okufuga kwalina etteeka erimukuuma obutawandiisi. Kkooti y'olukiiko olukulu yakkiriza okuwulira ensonga, era oluvannyuma ne kinyweza obuwagizi ku n'enkizo (nga ekitabo ekyo tekikuumibwa olw'okuva mu nkola y'entegeka y'ekitongole ekyo mu mateeka). Kkootikko kyatandika okuteekawo olukalala olw'okuteekawo olukalala olwo.

Gitlow bwe kityo ye nsonga eyasooka mu ngeri nti kkooti enkulu mwe yatandikira okuteekamu enkola eya Bill of Rights mu Kiwandiiko eky'Emitengo Eginaana nga kiyita ku kitongole ekya 14 ekiwerera ddala Claus.

Ensonga Ezaasooka Okuva ku Mabega

Mu myaka egyaddirira Gitlow, kkooti yatongoza eddembe eddala ery'okusooka ery'okuyisawo olukalala. Stomberg v. California (1931) yasaanyawo etteeka erya gavumenti erigaana okuteekamu bendera emmyufu, nga ligatta eddembe ery'okukuŋŋaana n'eby'akabonero. [[FLT:] Ennamba] ne ennukuta ennene . Ennamba [3] Yateeka amateeka mu buyinza obw'okuteeka amateeka ku mateeka, nga gaalagira nti amateeka agafuga ennyinzidde za kinnaazo n'enkola. DDE Jonge v. [FFFF] [FF]

Naye kkooti yeeyongera n'obwegendereza era n'ekyusaamu. Palko v.Connecticut, 302 U.S.37 , omuwayiri yawaayiriza nti etteeka lya Connecticut eryakkiriza omumenyi w'amateeka okulumiriza omumenyi w'amateeka okumenya amateeka olw'ekibiamenyebwa olukalala olw'emirundi ebiri. Omulamuzi Benjamin Cardozo, n'awandiika ku lukiiko olwo, n'agaana ensonga eyo. Yatandikawo obwawulu obulimu obw'enjawulo: eddembe lya Connenticticut eryali “erina enzikiriza enzikiriza y'emu ey'eddembe eryategekebwa mu mateeka n'okugoba obumenyi obwa Amereka obwandiyitiddwa mu mateeka” era ‘ olukiiko olwo terwandiyitiddwawo mu nkola y'ensonga enkulu. Yayogera nti Kkosososoote olw'ensonga yaagoberera ddala olw'ensonga eyo ey'enkola ennerogo mu ngeri ey'entuufu ey'enkola y'enkola y'enkola eyo ey'enkola eyo ey'en

Palko “entegeka y'eddembe” yandifuze okumala amakumi g'emyaka. Wansi w'omutindo ogwo, kkooti yagenda eyongera mpolampola eddembe okuva ku namba ey'okutaano, ey'omukaaga, n'ey'eyeeserengedde, naye oluvannyuma lw'okunoonyereza ku nsonga enkulu ekwatagana n'obwenkanya. Kino kyategeeza nti enteekateeka za Bill of Rights nnyingi tezibadde zigattiddwamu okutuusa ku nkomerero ya byonna. Era abamu, ng'erya ddyo eri mu lukiiko olukulu olw'avunaana omusango, tebakikozesanga ku nkola eyo.

Adamson v. California (47): Okubuusabuusa kwonna okukwata ku kugattululwa mu kibiina

Ekikolwa eky'okutta obululu kyakolebwa Adamson v. California, 332 U.S. 46 (1947). Admiray Dewey Adamson yasibibwa omusango ogw'okutta mu lukiiko olw'omu California. Omuwaabi yayogera ku kulemererwa kwa Adamson okuwa obujulizi, era omulamuzi yalagira abalamuzi nti ekyo kyali kisobola okutegeeza obutuufu okuva ku ku kusirifu. Adamson yagamba nti ekyo kyali kimenya eddembe ery'okutta ab'obuyinza ku kibiina eky'etaano eky'okwerowoozaako bokka, kye yali yeewandisizza mu kkooti y'okukuba olukunkukusa. Kko olukiiko olukulu olw'okulonda olusingako, lwagaana ensonga ze.

Mulamuzi Felix Frankfurter, ng'awandiikira abasinga obungi, yawa obukakafu ku Palko “eddembe lya "buvuzi”. Yakkiriza nti ebigambo by'okugonjooleraamu okw'okubiri byateekebwawo mu mateeka okuyitira mu tteeka erya Clausce olw'okuba okusala omusango gwali gwa kutuukiriza mu mateeka. Omutemu oyo yawagirwa olw'ensonga nti, okugattika kwa Mulamuzi Hugo Black, kwalimu obulagirizi obwali bukwata ku mateeka. Yateekawo obujulizi obw'amaanyi ennyo. Omulangira tewakkiriza nti amakulu g'enkifo obutuufu obwasembayo obwa 145 Exter Casementation oba Immuniste Castenments oba Justice Claus Claus (Ggwe ya Black), yakyungizaamu mu mateeka okusobozesa Bill ow'enkola amateeka okuteekamuko olukalala. Yakuŋŋaanya obujulizivumi mu n'ensonga endala endala ng'okuwakanya endowooza ye, era n'okuwakanya obutagamba nti, Spaak'okugobee Nkasaaseasoo aka Crea akagamba nti, On

Adamson teyakyusa mateeka; kkooti yeeyongera okugatta abantu n'okugagatta awamu. Naye obutakkiriziganya obwo bwaleetera okukuba obukuukuutivu mu buli kasomero. Wadde ng'endowooza ya Balack teyafuga bangi, oluvannyuma yaleetera kkooti okusalawo ensonga lwaki eddembe ly'okwesalirawo likulu ate erilala ne liba nga tkulu. Ekibuuzo kino kisigala nga kikozesebwa mu kukubaganya ebirowoozo ku ndagaano ez'okusooka, ku mpandiika y'obuwandiika, ne ku kifo ekituufu ekya Kko.

Ebizibu Ebyaddirira n’Okukulaakulana kw’Okuwaanzibwa

Omumenyi w’amateeka ne Kkooti y’e Warren

Okugaziwa okw'amaanyi okw'enjigiriza eyo kwaliwo wansi w'omukulembeze w'ekitongole ekimanyiddwa nga Justice Earl Warren mu 1960. Kkooti ya Warren yagaana emitindo gya Frankfurter egyali gikyayiriziddwa okukkaanya etteeka eryali ligamba nti etteeka lyonna eryali lirina okutwalibwa “obulombolombo n'omuntu ow’omunda abantu baffe okuba nga lisingiddwako ekkulu” lyandigattiddwako ddala mu bujjuvu, nga n'ebiragiro byalyo byonna ebitongole bya gavumenti bwe byandirowo.

Ensonga enkulu mwe muli:

  • [[NKULA] Mapp v. Ohio (1961): Yagattamu etteeka ery'okuna ery'okuwerezaako ebiwandiikiddwa mu Amereka, ne eremesa gavumenti obutakozesa bujulizi obukkirizibwa mu bukyamu.
  • [[NKUMBO:0] Gideon v. Wainwright (1963): Yagatta wamu [[NKULU] Entegeka ey'omukaaga ey'okuwerebwako obudde obw'okukangavvuwa, nga ewandikibwa nti munnamateeka akwasiddwa abawayiriziddwa mu musango ogwayikana.
  • [[NKULA] Malloy v. Hogan (64):[[FLT] Admy Adamson] Fireede, nga kino kigatta ekimu ku namba entegeka ey'okutaano ereetebwawo olukalala lw'okwefuga yekka.
  • [[AK'AMU:0] Pointer v. Texas (65):[ Yagatta wamu ekiragiro eky'okuwerezaako okwa 'LD] eddembe ery'okutuukirira abajulizi.
  • [[AKML:0] Klopefer v. North Carolina (1867): Yagatta ekiragiro okwateesebwawo [KY'Akasatu] ku kusalawo okwa mangu.
  • [[AKITANDIKA] Duncan v. Louisiana (1968):[[Akabonero:1] Yagatta olukusa olw'omukaaga ku misango egy'amaanyi egyali gimaze okusalirwa omusango.

Ku nkomerero y'ekiseera kya Warren, kumpi byonna eby'obukuumi ebyasangibwa mu masaza munaana agasooka byateekebwawo. Ebbeetu zaakoma ku kukyusa kwa disitulikiti ey'okusatu (nga tewannateekebwawo kkomo mu ndukusa eza bulijjo), olukalala olw'abalamuzi olw'okutaano olw'ensonga, olufulumya olufulumivu, olukiiko lw'abalamuzi olw'ebbeeyi n'olw'ebbee mu buwanjufu, era n'olukalala olw'abateempeerezi olwas'empewo olunene (kusingako nga mu kiseera kya Ssatu n'okubonero n'okubonerezebwa tekwate) lwegattiddwa mu [FL:0] Californion [1962]). [OctiverationDy's Contractivementiveiveived Requenceld [Erces]])].

Okusoomooza okw’Okubiri Okumalirizibwa: Omuliro ne McDonald

Kusoomooza okw'amaanyi okwali kusembera mu kyasa ekya makumi abiri n'esooka, okusoomooza [ku nsonga ey'okufuuka antirporation Trigion kwali kuzingiramu eddembe ery'okukwata n'okusitula emikono. Okumala amakumi g'emyaka, oku Amereka okw'okubiri kwamanyibwa nga kukuuma eddembe eryagattiddwa abakungu aba magye n'abakungu ba ba bannaakyewa, era kooti enkulu ya Sosaze ey'okubiri yagaana okuwulira okusoomooza. Driqualuty of Columbia v. Heller (2008), mu ngeri eyo kkooti gye yatongozaamu, nga 5-4, gye yatwala nti ekiteesiteesi eky'okukubiri kikuuma omuntu okuba n'omukono ogwa ddyo okusobola okwefunira envumbo. Kyokka, Hell yayogera ku ssaza lya Ghooceasetnuxwooth ey'okuk'okukyusiza mu maaso oba ku nsonga eyakkula oba ku kkono eyakkula mu maaso oba kungulu.

Ekibuuzo ekyo kyaddibwamu emyaka ebiri oluvannyuma mu McDonald v. Ekibuga ky'e Chicago, 561 U.S.742 (2010). Otis McDonald, omutuuze w'eki Chicago, yawakanya okuwerebwa kw'ekibuga okw'omu mateeka okwalimu olukalala olw'enkyukakyuka mu mu nteekateeka ey'okubiri. Kkooti yakkiriza, naye obwenkanya bwakutulamulamu ku mutwe omutuufu. Endowooza, yawandiikibwa Samusooti Alito, yeesiga ku Mukizo gwa Claus, okumenya ekigobererwa abalonde. Clarencel, akkiriza okusala omusango ogwamu, n'okukwata ku ngeri eyawukana: yakkiriza nti obuvunaanyizibwa oba okubuuka mu ggwanga okuzza obuggya ebika bya Claus n'okuzzaamu obulamu. Tomas yakkiriza okuzza obuvunaanyizibwa obwa bulijjo okuva bwe yalagibwamuwanjula .

McDonald yatuuka ku buwanguzi obw'enkukunala mu bakkiriziganyi b'empeereza ey'okubiri era yalaga nti Ekiwandiiko kino kikyali kitundu kya maanyi era nga kyenyigiddemu okukuba obukugu mu nsonga ezikwata ku nfuna z'obusika oba enzikiriza ez'enjawulo ezizikwata ku Claus, wadde nga Kkooti tennaba na kugoberera nkola eyo mu nsonga endala yonna eyaddirira.

Enkaayana Ezajjawo n’Ebigambo Ebitaali Bimu

Wadde nga kisembedde okugattibwa mu Bill of Rights, enteekateeka eziwerako tezinnafunibwa mu Amereka ow'ekkumi n'ena.

  • Kkooti enkulu eya Frand Jury Indictivement Claus: Mu[FLT] Hurtado v. California (1884) Kkooti enkulu yagaana okwetaaza gavumenti okukozesa ebitongole bya ba yunivasite ebinene; okusalawo kuno tekwali kuteekeddwawo kufuga. Kumpi kimu kya kubiri eky'abalamuzi abakozesa obujulizi obw'amaanyi okusalira omusango, naye tteeka terikaka bantu kukikola.
  • Kkooti y'ekikola ku mulimu enziji z'amateeka agafuga enneyisa ya Kkooti eri ku ludda olwa ddyo: Kkooti enkulu ebeera mu Minneapolis ne St. Louis Railroup Co. Bomlolis [1916] Kkooti bw'obeera tekkirizibwa mu kkooti eyo, ekyo kiyinza kukugira omusango ogwagisazesemba.
  • [[AKMENTI:0] Era n'ebyafaayo biraga nti kyali kisobola okuteekebwa mu nkola enteekateeka ey'okutegeka abaserikale mu maka naye nga tewaliwo muwaabirwa mu kkooti enkulu.
  • [[NKULULA] Ekitongole ekifuga engeri y'okuyisaamu ekiwandiiko ekiwereddeko appendix Bail Claus: Wadde ng'okubonerezebwa okw'obukambwe n'okw'enjawulo kwateekebwa mu Robinson, enkola ey'okuwaayo ssente ezisingako ekkirizibwa tekozesebwa ku gavumenti, wadde nga kkooti entono zitwala nti zirimu.

N'olwekyo, ekikola eky'okugatta n'okugatta n'okugatta ebiba bitegekeddwa mu nkola z'amateeka n'enkola za gavumenti, n'ensonga egenda mu maaso okuleetawo ennyinnyonnyola z'ebitabo ebigikuutikira.

Ebigezo Ebyali Bizze Bibaawo

Obuwanguzi bw’Okulonda

Ekivudde mu kusoomooza okw'amaanyi mu byafaayo ku Njiri y'enkola eno kwe kuteekawo olukalala lw'abo abasalawo okugatta awamu entegeka. Kkooti tegobereranga njigiriza yonna ekubirizibwa z'amateeka amalangira ga Baddukko oba enjigiriza ey'okugatta awamu awamu era n'okutuusibwako kabonero akafuzi akaakubirizibwa Omulamuzi Murphy. Mu kifo ky'ekyo, ekozese ku buli Bill of Rights okukakasa ewabulibwe ku masaza oluvannyuma lw'okumalirira okw'ensonga nti eddembe lirina tteeka eririna okwesalirawo okukkirizibwa era n'obwenkanya. Enkola eno ereeseteeso eteeka akakiiko k'amateeka akasobozesa Kkomyusaze ak'enkola ekyukakyuka mu ngeri y'enkola eyolekamu n'ensonga nga tegasazeemu.

Okunoga kw'enkola eno era kukuumibwa enkola ey'okugezesa mu bifo gye kitaali kya mu mateeka. Ng'ekyokulabirako, olw'okuba okugattika okw'empewo tekugattiddwamu, eggwanga lisobola okussaawo emitendera egitali gimu okusobola okukuba obukiiko bw'eggwanga. Mu ngeri y'emu, olukalala lw'abalamuzi abasala omusango mu buwagizi obunene okukkirizibwa okukozesa enkola endala ez'okusaasaanya, gamba ng'okuwuliriza obusoosoosa. Omuntu bwe kityo, akyusaamu mu ngeri eyo eyoleka engeri gavumenti gye yakolebwamu ng'etteeka naye nga ekakasa nti eddembe ly'abalamuzi ekkulu likuumibwa mu ggwanga lyonna lisobola okukuumibwa mu ggwanga lyonna.

Endowooza z’Ekiwagizi n’Eby’Okulungula

Enjigiriza ey'okuvaako enkyuka mu kiwandikiro ereeseewo nnyo enzivuunula y'obuyinza wakati wa gavumenti y'ensi n'eggwanga. Nga Gitlow tennaba, eggwanga lyalina obwetwaze kumpi mu kunnyonnyola enkola y'obumenyi bw'amateeka n'eddembe ly'abantu. Oluvannyuma lw'okugattibwako, kkooti enkulu yafuuka akwasisa amateeka g'eggwanga, okutunula mu mateeka g'omu nsi olw'ennamba ezigoberera emitindo gya Bill of Rights. Enkyukakyuka eno etendekeddwa ng'etaasebwa okukuuma eddembe ly'abantu kinnoomu okuva ku ku kutulugunya okw'amaanyi, naye era evumiddwako olw'okussa essira ku nkola y'okusala emisango n'okukyusa enkola ya gavumenti.

Kkooti teyongera ku kunnyonnyola bunnyonnyozi Byawandiikibwa okusobola okunnyonnyola obumanya eddembe omuntu ly'alina, naye era okunoonyereza okwo kuzingiramu okusala emisango mu mpisa ne mu byafaayo, era kuviiriddeko okuwakanya ennyo okusala emisango n'okukwata emisango. Empaka mu nsonga nga Palko ne Adamson ze ziraga nti Kkooti ziyinza okuba “obutuufu bw'amateeka singa ziyingizibwa mu ddembe ery'okwemalibwako. Kyokka, abo abawagizi bakkirizza ku ntegeka z'amateeka bagamba nti Kkooti Kkooti eya 1448 Enzigramyawo yakolebwa okuteeka ekko ekko ekko n'ebbawandikiro erinaawezza amateeka, era nti Kkootikko yalabula nti Kkooti eyo esobola okussaawo empalibwa.

Okuddamu Okuwuliriza: Ettuttumu Eppya n’Empaka ez’Edda

Okusoomooza mu byafaayo ebikwata ku Njiri ey'okukwata ku by'obuteeberezebwa tekukwata ku kuyiga kyokka; kweyongera okuleetawo obutakaanya. Ng'ekyokulabirako, okukaayana ku nfuna ezikwata ku nfuna z'obutujju oba ku nfuna za Immunitis Claus kwady'ezzawo ku nsonga ezikwata ku ddembe ly'okukuba emmundu, okuggyamu embuto, ne ku ddembe lya bya nfuna mu bya nfuna. Dobbs v. Jackson’Abakyala mu kibiina ky'Obufuzi (222)[FLY], Kkooti n'okolo ya Cladev'. Caded Parenty v. Casey, nga agamba nti, okuteeyisa obutereezebwa okw'ekkumi n'ekkumi 14 tekikukuuma ddembe lya ku kuggyamu ku ku ku ku nsonga eyo ey'edda, nga kiyinza okuzza omusango. Era, abakyuudrrnerkkkkkkk'okuzza ebigamba nti, abo abawagidde mu n'envugi

Mu ngeri y'emu, olukalala lw'abo abayisa essomero ery'okubiri lukyaliwo nnyo. Oluvannyuma lwa kooti ntono, oluvannyuma lwa McDonald, yafuba nnyo okussa mu nkola “ekigezo eky'amaanyi” nga bateekamu amateeka mu gavumenti ne mu bifo ebya bulijjo. Kkooti enkulu esalawo gye buvuddeko awo mu New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen (2022) yannyonnyola nti, empewo si ya sipiidi ey'okubiri esobola okuwanirira eddembe okusitula ebiba byamu mu lujjudde, era nti eyinza okuteeka obuwambe obutuufu okulaga oba obukyamu “obulombolombo obwa bulijjo ku mateeka n'obulombolombo.

Ekitongole ekigabanyizidwamu enjigiriza za k'empaka ez'ekika kya leero ezikwata ku kukyusa mu nkola z'amateeka, okuvunaanibwa kwa poliisi, n'okwegattika ku mikutu gya kompyuta. Ng'ekyokulabirako, olukuuti z'ebiwandiiko 4 ebifuga enkola y'okwerinda okunoonyereza n'okukwatibwa kawumpuli. Ekirabo kino kiyamba omuntu obutakwatibwa buggya nga Mapp v. Ohio[[FLL:1]], kati kikwatagana n'ensonga ez'ensonga ezikwata ku gavumenti n'amateeka. Kkooti eyo ebadde kiteekwa okumanyisa eky'okwerinda obwa tekinologiya bupya, gamba nga obusiikusiike, GPPG, ne drones. Buli nsonga empya yeesigama ku ndowooza egamba nti mu kyekuna eky'Ekyokubiri ekigatta amateeka nga tewalimu.

fundikira

Enjigiriza y'ebyafaayo esoomooza ennyo enzivuunula ekwata ku nkyukakyuka ez'enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, okukuba enkyuuka kw'enkyukakyuka mu mateeka, okukuba obukuukuutivu n'eddembe. Okuva ku diduumu mu Gitlow eyaggulawo enzigi okusobozesa tteeka lya Amereka okutongoza eddembe ly'eggwanga, nga bateekawo empandika eza Palko, okugattikanya kwa Adamson, okugobererwa kwa gavumenti, okugobererwa kw'eggula okw'enkyukakyuka mu kkooti y'embadde, n'okuva ku ku kuteempewo eky'okubiri ekivaako enzijibwa mu McDonald, enjigiriza eyo efuuse ekiko ekikulu eky'amateeka ga Amereka obuwandikiro.

Kyokka enjigiriza eyo esigala nga tetuukiridde era nga tewakyaliwo. Enteekateeka ez'enjawulo, okunoonyereza ku ntegeka za Claus ne ku nsonga enkulu, era n'okunoonyereza ku nsonga enkulu, byonna biraga nti enjigiriza ey'okuddawo tekoma. Eno y'enteekateeka esobozesa kkooti okweyongera okuyingiza wakati w'emitindo egikontana egy'enzikiriza ez'enfumbo, ez'eddembe n'ez'obwenkanya. Okutegeera obuzibu obwatandikawo enjigiriza eyo ne bye zivuddemu, kiyinza okutegeeza nti buli muntu yenna ayagala okutegeera amakulu g'enkola eya Croill of Rights era n'amaanyi g'okugoberezaamu mu ku ttendekero lino.