Amerika y'Amerika ebadde n'obuyinza mu kukulaakulana kw'ensi yonna era n'obusobozi bw'okulongoosa ebizimbe, okuyitira mu nkola zaayo ne programu. Okuva ku kuddaabiriza ennyo oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II okutuuka ku nkyukakyuka z'embeera y'obudde, obuyambi okuva mu Amerika bufuuse bwamanyibwa mu ngeri ya njawulo, ekigendererwa, n'obufirosoofo. Okutegeera ensonga eno tekirimu buzibu ku ngeri Amerika gye yeeyambiddemu mu kukkakkanya amaanyi amangi g'ensi eno, naye era n'okupima amaanyi ga doola obuwumbi bwa doola ezimalibwawo buli mwaka. Ekitundu kino kiraga ebyafaayo by'obuwabuzi bw'Amerika ebiva mu makomera agaawumbi n'obuwumbi bw'obuwumbi obwava mu lutalo olw'endwadde nga bisibuka mu lutalo olw'omulembe gwa mu biseera eby'omulembe ogwa 21

Ensibuko y’Obuyambi mu Kibiina ky’Amerika

Wadde nga Amerika yawa obuyambi obwasooka ku ntandikwa, nga buno obwa tekinologiya n'obuyambi mu by'enkola ebirala nga obutegeeza eby'okulya ebyatwalibwa mu Bulaaya oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo I era n'obuyambi Marshall Plan[. Ekiragiro kino kyatandika bunene bw'obuwagizi okuva mu nsi endala oluvannyuma lwa Ssematalo II. Enteekateeka ya Bulaaya emanyiddwa nga Marshall Plan, yakolebwa mu 1948 era n'esigala nga y'ekyokulabirako ekya waggulu ekya U.S. Emyaka egisukka mu ena, United States yagoba obuwumbi bwa doola nga 1,3 (enkana obuwumbi 150) okuva mu mawanga g'omu Bulaaya kikumi 16. Ebiruubirirwa byali bya mirundi ebiri: okuzzaawo obukiikalembedde n'obungi obw'obungi obw'obusuubuzi bw'eby'amawanga.

Obuwanguzi tegwakolebwa ku bitongole bya Economic Cooperation Administration, era ne kizzaawo obutebenkevu mu by'obufuzi. Eky'okukyusa enkola y'ekitongole ekyo kyalaga nti obuyambi busobola okubeera eky'okukozesa eky'enjawulo nga bukozesebwa mu bintu ebya bulijjo, ebizito, n'ensonga ezitegeerekeka obulungi. Mu kiseera ekyo, wajjawo okukolebwa kw'ekitongole ekikola ku ntegeka y'eby'eby'enfuna. Ek'eby'enfuna bye yalina okuzzaawo nga bikola omulimu gw'okuzzaawo ebizimbinjanjanjabibwa era n'okulongoosa mu by'enfuna, nga bingi ebiteetaasebwa okusobola okusobozesa abo abaayambibwa mu katale ne batandika okukola eby'obusuubuzi bwabwe.

Ekirala ekyali ekikulu kye ky'obukulembeze bwa Programu ey'okuna eya Ppaaparti , eyalangirirwa mu 1949. Okufuba kuno kwalina ekigendererwa eky'okugattika obukugu mu bya tekinologiya n'amawanga agakyakula, okussa essira ku by'obulimi, eby'obujjanjabi n'eby'enjigiriza. Wadde nga ssente ntono nnyo mu kugeraageranya Plan y'ekitongole ekya Marshall, Point Ey'okuna kyateekawo eky'enjawulo ku buyambi obw'okuddaabibiri obw'anyi obw'enjawulo okuva ku nkola y'eby'amagye oba ey'okuddaabikolako. Era kyaviirako okutandikawo obwa tekinoonekwikwiyambi bw'ebitundu ebya USAID.

Olutalo olw’Ebukiika Ddyo n’Ebyayamba Abalwadde

Olutalo olw'omu Bukiika Ddyo nga lweyongera, obuyambi okuva mu Amerika bwakwatagana nnyo n'obukomunisiti. Prezidenti Dwight D. Eisenhower yagaziya ku buyambi bw'amagye n'eby'enfuna eri ab'omu Buvanjuba bwa Asiya, ne Latin America. Mu 1950, waaliwo okutandikawo kwa Mutunity Security Agency era n'okussa essira ku “buyambi bw'obwewandiisi okuyamba okuzimba ebiwago byabwe."[1] Abakoza n'ebbanja erya kampuni ez'eby'eby'eby'enfuna baago. Aid yakozesebwa okuyitira mu ndagaano ezaali zeetaagisa abawagizigibwa mu Buwala okukolagana n'obuwabuzi n'obutali bwa Amerika.

Mu 1961, Pulezidenti John F.Kennedy yazza obuggya obukwasiddwa mu kuzimba ebizimbe bya Amereka. Ekiragiro ky'okukyusa obuyambi mu 1961 kyakomyawo akakwakkulizo ak'enjawulo era ne kiteekawo enteekateeka ey'ekitongole kya United States Agency for International Development (USAID)[[FL:1] ng'ekitongole ekikulu ekya kaweefube mu by'eggwanga. Kennedy era yabunnyinyinyinyiza Amerika Emirembe gy'emirembe, nga egenda mu Latini, egenda mu maaso n'okumanyisa ebikolebwawo ebikolebwako. Bino byeyongera okulaga nti okukulaakulana kw'eby'eby'obukubuzi n'okukulaakulana kw'eby'eby'eby'enfuna bya Cumis, n'okulongoosa ebiva mu n'okulongoosa ebiva mu n'okulongoosa. Olukulembe lw'olupapula lw'obuvumu lw'Amerika lwa Butunzikkulembedde mu Amedi, nga bakyuukauka ne munnassawoofindo mu Amedi.

Mu myaka gya 1960 ne 1970, obuyambi bwakozesebwanga mu nkola y'engoye oba mu nkola y'ebitongole eby'enjawulo mu Amereka. Obuyambi obwo bwakolebwa mu bukiika ddyo bwa Vietnam, Thailand, ne mu Myanmar ow'ebuvanjuba bwa Asiya. Mu bitundu bya Middle East, obuyambi bwakolebwa oluvannyuma lw'enkampulo y'ekika kya David Reaps. Abawakanyi baagamba nti, obuyambi bungi obwali bukozesebwa olw'ensonga ez'omuganyulo mu kifo eky'okukulaakulana ddala, ng'obutundutundutundu obwa nyingi obwali obufuga obufuzi obwa demosenti.

Mu kiseera kye kimu, emmere [[O]0] ey'emirembe Act [PL 480], yayisibwa mu 1954, yafuuka enkola y'amaanyi mu mulimu gw'okudduukirira abantu n'okutumbula obusuubuzi mu katale. Ek'ewandikiro kyasobozesa Abamerika okuwerera ddala eby'obulimi mu nsi endala, ng'abawola ssente oba ebbeewo. Ate era kyaleetera obukadde n'obukadde bw'obukadde bw'obukadde bw'abantu okunenyeebaganya obunene obunene n'okusiibya abalimi mu nsi eza Amerika zeeyambisibwa.

Ekitonde kya USAID n'okukulaakulana kw'ebiseera eby'omu maaso

Mu 1970, baateeka essira ku “bantu abeetaaga obuyambi obwa bulijjo” – amazzi, obuyonjo, obujanjabi, n'obuyigirize. “Etteeka erisooka eryayisibwa mu 1973 lyakubiriza USAID okuyamba abantu abaavu obunene mu kifo ky'ebitongole eby'enkola z'enjwayezi. Kino kyoleka enkyukakyuka ey'amaanyi mu ndowooza z'abayivu, nga bagoberera endowooza z'abayivu nga Paul Streeten ne Mahbub ul Haq. Kyokka, olutalo olw'obukongobe bw'omu Bumesenyu, lweyongera okuzza abantu ku nsonga ezikwata ku bulungi, naddala mu Amerika ey'omu massekati ga 1980.

Baleka Okukulaakulana n’Ebiruubirirwa eby’Okuganyula Abantu

Ennaku z'olutalo olw'omu Bukiika kkono zaaggyawo endowooza enkulu mu nteekateeka z'obuddukiro. Wakati wa 1989 ne 2000, obuyambi okuva mu Amerika obw'omukitundu kyaddamu okuzzibwawo. Endowooza yeeyongera okusembera okumanyibwa ku bikwata ku kukulaakulana kw'eby'enfuna, okutumbula enkola ya demokulase, n'okudduukirira abantu. Okugwa kwa Soviet Union kwasobozesa abantu okufuna obuyambi okuva mu buvanjuba bwa Buvanjuba ne mu mawanga edda ag'Abasovieti nga ba Programuntal [FLT:]

Mu 1990, Amerika yakolawo ku bizibu eby'omulembe guno: enjala mu Somalia (1992-93), ekitta bantu mu Rwanda (1994), n'obukuubagano mu Balkans. Obuyambi bw'abantu bwafuuka kinene nnyo mu kukozesa enkyusa y'enddanga. Kyokka, emyaka kkumi gyakendeeza ne kiyambako mu kukulaakulana kw'enkyukakyuka mu ngeri nti Conseilmenti ekendeeza ku nteeko z'enkyukakyuka mu ntegeka. Ebigambo “obw'obukoowuubayiri bw'ensiri." bwatandikawo eby'eby'obugagga nga Jampiay Sachs[FLD:1] ne Jeffrey Sacms'esoosoosoosoosaa kiwayamba oba okukendeeza ku kukula kw'envanyuma y'enkola.

Olukalala lw'eby'obukuumi n'okukulaakulana

Obulumbaganyi bwa bannalukalala obwakolebwa nga Ssebutemba 11, 2001, obwakyusa enkola y'obujjanjabi mu Amerika. Aid yafuuka eky'''okumalawo ebikolwa ebya bannalukalala n'okuzimba ensi. Embalirira yafukizibwa mu Afghanistan ate oluvannyuma mu Iraq okuzza obuggya, okufuga n'okukuuma ebweru. Pulezidenti George W.Bush era yatandikawo enkola za mirundi ebiri ez'amaanyi ez'eby'obulamu: [[FLT:] Prevention’Exant'Examplice for Effective for Effective for Social (PFAR)[FLD] [FLD:1] mu 2003 era ne [[FLT:] Preast'otation'otation'otations Centiverations mu 2005]. Programmessssssss zaasociations promouations ezikola ebikolebwa mu U.S.

Mu 2004, ekitongole kya Amerika kyakola Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC), ekitongole ekippya ekiwa ensi entegeka ennene entegeka ez'okufuga obulungi, eddembe ly'eby'enfuna, n'obuteegeesa eby'obuyigirize. Ekiragiro ekya MCC kyakolebwa okuwa ensi omukisa ogw'okusobozesa ebizingirwamu okuzivaamu obulungi, okuzigoberera obulungi, n'okuteekako ssente mu by'obuyigirize.

Ebirowoozo n’Okusoomooza eby’Omu Kiseera Kino

Leero, obuyambi okuva mu Amerika obw'omu nsi endala busobodde okugonjoola ebizibu bingi. Mu 2010 ne mu 2020, embeera z'eby'obulamu zitandise okukulembezebwa mu bintu ebippya: obukuumi bw'ensi yonna (naddala oluvannyuma lw'obulwadde bwa Ebola ne coVID19), enkyukakyuka ez'embeera y'obudde okusobola okumanyibwa, n'ensonga lwaki abantu baava mu masekkati ga Amerika.

Wadde nga wabaddewo okusaasaana kwa gavumenti ya Burker, USAID yayolekagana n'entengo n'okuteekateeka okugattika enzijanjaba mu kitongole kya gavumenti. Eky'okuba nti, obuyambi bwonna obuva mu nsi endala tebukyukako, nga Congress ezzenga okuzzaawo ebitemebwawo ebiteeberezebwa ab'obuyinza. Abaddukanya Buden bagobedde ebiteeseteeseteeseteeseteese, embeera y'obudde, ne demokulase. Ekiragiro kya U.U.S era kyagaziyawo [[FL:0] DELopplement projective Corporation (DC)[FFC1] okukuŋŋaanya ekitebe eky'obutunzi, nga k'ensonga eyoleka enkola ey'okukulaakulana.

Okuwakana n’Okuvumirira Obutayosa

Wadde nga waliwo ebyafaayo bingi, obuyambi okuva mu Amerika buleetawo okukaayana okw'amaanyi. Abavumirira endowooza nti obuyambi buyinza okuleetawo ebiruubirirwa eby'okwesigama ku bantu ab'enjawulo, obuwagizi buyinza okukwatibwa aba bulijjo, oba okukwataganyizibwa n'ebyetaago ebya Amerika eby'ennamba ezitakkirizibwa. Abawagizi baakirizi bawonya obulamu, bayamba okubunyweza, era bawagira U.S. nga bawagira enkolagana nga bakolagana n'ebizibu ebiri ku nsi yonna nga tebannatuuka ku lubala lw'ennyanja. [FLT:] [FLT:]

Onoonyezaayo endala enkulu ye by'ongangaanyirizaako ebitongole bya gavumenti ne programu. Ebitongole bya gavumenti mu Amerika nga 18 bifuga obuyambi obuva mu nsi endala, ekiviiriddeko okusoomoozebwa n'okugonjoolwa. Enkyukakyuka ezikolebwa mu 2010 ezigendererwa okugatta awamu n'okusobozesa ebikolerwamu okukolebwamu awamu n'okulongoosa, naye enkola ya bureaucratic instentia, esigalako obuzibu.

Programu ez’Okudduukirira n’Embeera ez’Amaanyi

Ekiragiro kino kiwa obuyambi okuyitira mu nnyimba ez'enjawulo ezikozesebwa mu kukola emikutu emingi egy'ekika kya biteralaadi, n'ebiri mu nsi ezitali za gavumenti.

  • [[NKULA].US.Agency for International Development (USAID) – Akulembera okukolebwa kw'abantu mu nsi ezisukka mu 100. Ekiragiro kino kifuga enkola y'okuleetawo ebizimbe ebikolebwa mu bantu, era kisobozesa n'eby'obulamu mu nsi yonna, ne Bureau for Resilience and Food Security.
  • [[Akawulu:0]Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) – Ekirabo kigaba ensi ezifuna ssente entono ezituukiriza obusobozi n'obut'obw'eby'enfuna. Ebigo ebisaasaanyizibwa ku kika kya zo bizingiramu okukola ku bintu ebya bulijjo, obuyigirize, n'entegeka z'ensi.
  • [[AKMENT:0] President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Exchange (PFAL)[[[FULA]] – 'Kinnemesezza obukadde 20 obw'omulembero era ne kikyusa enkola ya AIDS mu nsi ezisukka mu 50.
  • [[AGUMENT:0] Kibiina ky'Emirembe[[[GUMENT:1]] – Tuma bannakyewa Abamerika okukola mu mirimu gy'okukulaakulanya ebikolero mu by'enjigiriza, eby'obulamu, eby'obulimi, n'eby'obutonde. Bannakyewa abasukka mu 2400,000 be babadde baweereza okuva mu 1961.
  • [[AK:0] Ekiragiro kino kiyamba ekibiina ky'eby'obujjanjabi (DFC) – Binyweza envirowoozo eza woverses Investicement Corporation (OPIC) ne Kitongole kya USAID eky'Enbhekisezaako Ekireetera obukulembedde okugaba b'ebbanja, okukakasibwa, n'okusemba ebitongole ebikolerwako mu nsi entono ezijja.
  • [[Act:0] Akawayiro aka '-' n'okukolera awamu n'obutebenkevu' – Aweefube okuva eri ekitongole eky'eby'obukuumi n'eky'eggwanga, kazingiramu n'ekirala ekiva mu ggwanga eririna eby'okulwanyisa (FMF), International Military Education and Training (IMET), ne Emirimu egikuuma emirembe (PKO).
  • Emmere ey'emirembe [[[AK'AMUTANDIKA][-AK'AKA] – Esobozesa eby'okulimisa emmere mu katale. Eky'okulya kino kiyamba nnyo mu kulabirira enjala n'eby'obuttuza.
  • [[AGNL:0]Global Security Health Agenda (GHSA) – Kaweefube ow'okunyweza amaanyi g'ensi mu kuziyiza, okukeberera, n'okukola ku lumba endwadde ezisaasaana, ebiwagirwa nnyo ebitongole bya Amerika.

Ebibiina bino bikolera wamu n'ebibiina ebikola entegeka ez'enjawulo nga Banka ey'ensi yonna, UNICEF, ne Ensimbi Egy'ekola Endwadde ya AIDS, Kafumbo ne Musujja gw'ensi yonna. Okugoba obululu kye kizibu eky'amaanyi, naye ekitongole kya Amerika kye kisinga okugaba obuyambi mu nsi yonna, nga kikendeeza kumpi doola z'obuwumbi nga 40 mu kukulaakulana kw'eby'obuyinza mu mwaka 2021 (obuyambi obuva mu by'amagye obuva mu nsi endala).

Ekitundu ky'Amerika eky'Eby'Okuyambamu

Obuyambi obukolebwa mu bitundu bino bulaga nti ebintu ebikolebwa mu kifo ekisooka. Obutundutundu bwa Afrikha y'omu nnyanja ya Sahara y'emu n'ebwenyi, nga businga okukozesebwa ku bulamu bw'abantu, nga kw'otadde amaanyi mu kugasa obunene, nga kw'otadde obutundutundu bwa zzaabu ne bukuumibwa n'obuyambi bwa bannalukalala. Obutundu bwa Palesitayini obuba bukwataganyizibwa n'emirembe. Afghanistan, obutundu bwa Afghanistan, obusinga buyambi bwa bannabwo.

Mu ngeri ey'ekikyamu, obuyambi obukolebwa ku by'obulamu n'okudduukirira abantu, butwaliramu obunene, oluvannyuma lw'okukulaakulana mu by'enfuna, obuyigirize, n'okutumbula enkola za demokulase.

fundikira

Ebyafaayo n'enjigiriza z'okufuuka enkola ey'okuleetawo obuyambi mu nsi endala biraga nti eggwanga lifunye obuzibu mu kifo kyalyo, olw'obukuumi n'emitindo gyalyo egy'okwerinda. Okuva ku kuddaabiriza kwa Marshall Plan okutuuka ku PEFAR mu ngeri y'okuteeka mu nkola y'obulamu, obuyambi bubadde kya maanyi nnyo mu kuteesa n'okukulaakulana kw'eby'obufuzi, okutaputa ebigenda mu nsi yonna, okunyagyeza, n'okuvumirira ennyo obuyinza n'okwewalawala okubonerezebwa. Okutegeera ebyafaayo bino kiyamba abanya eby'amateeka, abayizi, n'abatuuze b'ensonga okutegeera obuteebbeeyambi mu misolo gy'abayinjabi, era n'obuyambi obuva mu nsi endala, si kye kiteerewo mu kifo ekitebenkera, nga n'okubukyusa obunene obubenjenya, n'okubuyungi ennyo.[5]