Ensibuko y’Ekibiina Ekikolera ku Buwandiike

Bitundu bitono eby'ebyobufuzi mu Bungereza bye byakola ekifo nga Ulster Union Union Party (UUP) eyakola Northern Ireland. Mu kiseera ekyo, UUP teyakola gavumenti yokka. Yafuuka gavumenti era n'ekozesebwa kumpi n'obuyinza okuva mu Ireland okusobola okugabanyizibwamu okutuukira ddala mu myaka egya 20 egiyise. Okutegeera ensibuko y'ekibiina ekyo, okukyukaakana kwakyo, n'okufuga kwaakyo okuwanvu, era n'okuddirira kwakyo, kyetaagisa omuntu yenna ayagala okutegeera DNA y'omulembe ogw'omu Northern Ireland.

Ebyo UUP bye yayogera tebyatandikira mu lukiiko lwa paalimenti naye byatandika nga wazzeewo obuzibu mu kyeraga oba nga wazzeewo akafuzi. Ekyasa ekya 19 bwe kyaggwaako, gavumenti y'Abayiririsi eyitibwa United Kingdom yatandika okuwakanya gavumenti eyo.

Ebizibu mu Kufuga kw’Amaka n’Okutandikawo kw’Obumu

Ensigo z'ekibiina kya Ulster Union Party zasigibwa mu 1880, gavumenti y'e Liberal wansi wa William Awart Gladstone bwe yatandikawo obufuzi bwa Home Bill obwasooka mu 1886. Etteeka eryawawaanya okutandikawo paalimenti enzikiza mu Dublin, era ne liwa Ireland obuyinza ku by'obuwagizi mu nsi endala. Abaprotestanti, okusingira ddala Abapresitukenti n'Abapolotesitanti ab'Abapolotesitanti mu Ulster, baali baatiiseke. Baatyanga nti empagimenti y'Abakatuliki mu Dublin yandiwagidde obuwanguzizo bwabwe obw'eby’eby’enfuna n'obuwacukulembedde.

Okuziyiza obufuzi bw'Ennyumba kwavaamu ekibiina kya teyokulase. Mu 1885, baMPs baali bawagidde ebyamaguzi byabwe mu Westminster, naye yawangulwa ku Kfulumenti ya Maanyi eyasooka Bill eyayamba okutonda ebizimbe ebya lubeerera. Ulster Union Council yatandikibwawo mu 1905 ng'enkola ey'ensawo okusobola okukolagana obulungi mu bitundu byonna ebisangibwa mu ssaza. Akakiiko kano kajja kufuuka kibiina kati kye tumanyi nti, kati ekiyitibwa Ulster Union Party.

Ekiseera eky'okutandikawo UUP tekyajjawo buteeberezebwa. Abatuuze b'ekibiina kya Liberal baddayo mu buyinza mu 1906 era katikkiro Herbert Asquith yamanyisa ekigendererwa kye eky'okuzzaawo Obufuzi bw'Ennyumba. Akakwakkuliro aka 1911 kayisa olukiiko lw'eggwanga mu 1911 nga luggyawo olukusa, ekkubo ery'okukwata ku Bufuzi bwa Home bwa Bill obw'okusatu. Abatuuze b'ekiwandikiro mu Ulster baamanya nti baali tebakyayinza kwesiga ba Mukama okuggyawo mateeka era nti baali balina okutandikawo enteekateeka y'ebyobufuzi.

Endagaano Enkadde: Esobola Okukyusa Obulamu Bwo

Tewali kintu kyonna kikwata bufunze omwoyo gw'obufunze obwa Ulster nga okussa omukono ku ndagaano ey'ekika Ulster [ mu Ssebutemba 1912. Ekitongole kya Cracgin (Sir Edward Carson ne James Crag) nga kyategekebwa ab'obuwanvu bwa bannabyabufuzi) n'abakyala babiri mu byafaayo by'ekibiina kino, bwe bukakafu obw'enkomerero obunywevu obulaga nti bajja kuziyiza obufuzi bw'Ensulamu nga basinziira ku nkola yonna ekolebwako.

Abasajja n'abakazi abasukka mu 470,000 bassa omukono ku ndagaano eyo, nga bangi basseewo omusaayi gwabwe. Omukolo ogwo gwali tewali kwekalakaasa kwa bya bufuzi kyokka; gwali gukolwa ku kibiina kya gavumenti nga kyagala. Abakulembeze b'obusobozi bwa gavumenti baatandikawo obutoffaali obwa ' Ulster Force[ [O], akakiiko k'abasirikale kalina ekigendererwa eky'okuziyiza okukolebwa kw'obufuzi bwa Home nga bawanyisa. UVF yatyiseemu nkumi na nkumi byamba bya nguzi ne bidda mu Larne mu 1914, mu kifo ekyamanyibwa nga Larne Gunning, nga kiwakanya gavumenti ya Bungereza.

Ssematalo eyasooka bwe yayingira mu nsonga, Obufuzi bw’Ensi Yonna bwalekera awo okukolagana naye naye ng’ekyo kyali kimaze ebbanga ddene.

Obusosoze n’Ensingi ya Ireland ey’Omu Mambuka ga Bukiika Kkono

Gavumenti y'e Ireland Act 1920 y'ekola olukunyuma olwagonjoola ekibuuzo kya Irish ekyakolebwanga .Gawundimu kyakola ebibiina bibiri ebinoonya obuyambi: Southern Ireland (ekyali tekisembyewo era ne kifuuka Ireland ow'e Free mu 1922) era nga kirimu ebitundu mukaaga ku bitundu mwenda ebya Ulster. UUP, nga wansi w'obukulembeze bwa James Craigavon, kyakkiriza enteekateeka eno. Si buli kitongole ekitegekebwa mu matabi g'ekirwawo zzawo. Bannasayansi baali basuubira nti ekiwandikiro kyonna nga bali mu bitundu mwenda. Wabula, baafunira abantu bangi nnyo obuwandikiro.

Olukiiko oluggya olw'omu Northern Ireland lwaggulwawo mu 1921 era ne lutandika okussaawo gavumenti eyasooka mu kiseera ekyo okutuusa ng’obufuzi obutereevu buteekeddwawo mu 1972, ekibiina ekyo kyafuga awatali nzigeenya.

Ekikongojjedwa ky'Ekibiina ekiyitibwa Unionic Dominance (1921-1965)

Mu kiseera kya UUP, Ireland ey'omu Mambuka ga Bukiika Kkono, ebibiina ebyo byasibuka ku nkyukakyuka ez’amaanyi ezikolebwa mu makanisa g’Abaprotestanti, Orange Order, ne ku bizineesi.

Mu bintu ebikulu ebibeera mu yunivasite mwe mwali:

  • K' Obukodyo obufuga enkola y'ekitongole kino bwateekebwawo okusobola okugaziya enzijjuvu ez'ekika kya . Etteeka eryasinga okumanyibwa nga gerymandering. Ek'okussaawo kino kyakolebwa kiyitibwa Londonderry (Derry), ekiwandikiro ekivvuulidwamu abantu abava ku ggwanga ekyakolebwa mu kibiina ekigoberera enkola ey'okugatta abankola enfunzivvunuzi.
  • [[Act:0]] Ekirabo eky'okugattika: Enkiiko ez'omu kitundu ezifugibwa UUP arcess zikozesa engeri ezisobozesa okuteekawo aw'okusula wa buli omu mu ngeri ereme okugonjoolera ddala obutuuti n'okuleetawo enjawukana mu madiini agamu.
  • [[Act:0] Obusosoze mu by'enkola obwa bulijjo:[ Amakolero ag'ekikyuuka, nga mwe muli Harland & Wolff era ne Short Brothers factory, gaasiima nnyo Abaprotestanti abakola omulimu.
  • Act ey'enjawulo (192): Ekiragiro kino kyawa gavumenti obuyinza okusiimula awatali kugezesa, okukoma ku biseera ebyolekebwa. Mu kusooka kyakolebwa nga kipimo eky'akaseera obuseera naye kyakozesebwa okumala amakumi g'emyaka nga kikozesebwa kumpi kulwanyisa gavumenti.

Olukiiko Olukulu lwawaaanira ddala enkola zino ng’ekyetaagisa okusobola okufuna obukuumi, nga lugamba nti Irrish Free State (oluvannyuma eyayojjukirwa Ireland) yagaana okukkiriza obwannannyini mu Northern Ireland era nti abantu ab’eggwanga mu kitundu ekyo tebaali beesigwa.

Ekiseera n’Ebibinja mu Nnyanja Oluvannyuma lw’Olutalo

Emyaka gya 1960 we gyatuukira, UUP yayolekagana n'okupikirizibwa okw'okuleetawo enkyukakyuka. Ekiseera oluvannyuma lwa ggye lya ne lijja, kyakulaakulana ne mu Bulaaya ow'ebugwanjuba, era ne Ireland ow'ebukiika kkono yali takyakakatako kukola nga tekinnakolebwako. Minisita wa Bukulembeze Terence O'Neill, eyatwala ekifo ekyo mu 1963, yagezaako okukitwala mu nkyukakyuka ez'enjawulo ez'enkola. Yasisinkana Taoisseach (minisita omukulu w'Abamas) Seán Lemas mu 1965, ekikolwa eky'omusaalaba oluvanyuma lw'omusaalaba oluvanyunzi , era n'okulongoosa enkolagana wakati w'Abakatuliki n'Abakatuliki.

Enkyukakyuka za Naill zaayoleka lwatu okusinga enkyukakyuka ez'amaanyi mu nkyukakyuka z'enkola ye. Naye baaleetera omukulembeze w'ekibiina n'omukulembeze w'ekibiina ekyo okuyomba. Ian Paisley, ow'obutuuze bw'Abapresbyterian, okugezaako okuwakanya omusingi gwa ssaayansi, n'okugamba O'Neill okuba mulyawul ku misingi gy'obufumbo. OUP, omulundi ogwasooka, yayolekagana n'enjawukana ez'amaanyi mu munda.

Mu kiseera ekyo era waatandikibwawo ekitongole kya Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association (NICRA), ekibiina ekyakubirizibwa abalwanyi b'eddembe ly'obuntu mu Amerika ekyasaba obusosoze mu kunoonya ennyumba, emirimu, n'okulonda. Abakungu ba NicRA baayisibwa bubi nnyo mu gavumenti y'e UP era ne mu bukyayi obwa Royal Ulster Consaculary's (RUC) obwaleeteranga abatemu okuvuganya okusosososolwa mu mayumba, ne mu kulonda.

Ettemu eryali ligenda likolebwa mu kibuga Derry ne mu Belfast lyaviirako amagye ga Bungereza okuteekebwawo, era gavumenti y’Abakatuliki eyali mu kibuga Stormont yali tekyalina buyinza ku bantu abaali mu ddwaniro lya Bungereza.

Okuzikirizibwa kw’Ebizibu ne Kutandika

Gavumenti ya Bungereza, eyali wansi wa katikkiro Harold Wilson, yagamba nti gavumenti ya Northern Ireland evumenti y'ekkiriza okulongoosebwa kw'eddiini, naye obuyinza bw'ekibiina bwakendeera nnyo. Mu 1971, gavumenti yakkiriza okukolagana awatali kuwozesebwa (ekiteeberezebwa nti kye kyali kiteeberezebwa buwamba gavumenti) era n'esuula bangi mu buyinza bwa Ireland Irelandan Army (IRA).

Akabenje akasembayo kajja nga 30/30/1972, nga kiyitibwa Bloody Ssande, nga ba paratooper aba Bungereza bakuba abamenyi b'amateeka 13 abaafiira mu Derry nga tebalina mmunondo gwa mmuno, era nga bawamba, gavumenti ya Bungereza yasiba oludda oluwaabi lw'amateeka mu Northern Ireland nga 24 Maaki 1972 ne eteekawo obufuzi obwa nnamba ku Westminster.

Olugendo Oluwanvu mu Bizibu (1972-1988)

Mu kifo eky'ekitundu ekya 25 ekyaddako, UUP yali ekola mu nsi eyakyusibwawo ebikolwa eby'ettemu n'amateeka. Ekibiina ekyo kye kyasigala nga kye kisinga obunene mu bizibu ebisinga obungi, naye kyasoberwanga ku ludda lwaakyo. Ekibiina ekiyitibwa Democratic Unionist Party (DuP), ekyatandikibwawo Ian Paisley mu 1971, kyayongera amaanyi mu kuziyiza obusosoze bwonna obuva mu mwoyo gwa ggwanga.

Ekiragiro UUP kyalina ekizibu eky'amaanyi: tekyasobola kudda ku nkola eya Ssaazulu ey'edda naye kyali kyekengera nnyo okussaawo enteekateeka ey'amaanyi n'okukolagana n'ab'amawanga. Obusungu buno bwalaga engeri ekibiina ekyo gye kyakwatangamu amateeka ga njawulo mu mitendera gya 1970 ne 1980, nga mw'otwalidde ne Sundingadale Aguement eya 1973, oluvannyuma lw'ekibeeto kya Anglo-Irish Active of Ireland, ekyaviirako Republic of Ireland ow'ebukiikakkono bwa Ireland okubun'ebwegattako ebintu.

Nga bagoberera obukulembeze bwa James Molyneaux (1979-19995), Abatuuze ba UUP baatandika okubeera abeegendereza, nga beemalira ku kukuuma obumu bw'obumu mu kifo ky'okutandikawo endowooza empya ez'ebyobufuzi.

Emirembe n’Okusuubiza Okugibeerako ku Lwokutaano

Buli kimu kyakyuka mu kulonda David Trimble nga mukulembeze w’OUP mu 1995, Trimble yali muyivu era nga mukakanyavu ku nsonga ezikwata ku mateeka, naye yali mwetegefu okuteeka obulamu bwe mu kabi.

Ekibuuzo kino kyakomekkerezebwa ku Aguwation eya Good Lwomukaaga (era emanyiddwa nga Adrigo ddo mu Belfast) eya 10 Apuli 1998. Endagaano eyo yaleetawo olukunkumuli olw'amaanyi era n'esobozesa ebibiina by'obutuuze n'eby'eggwanga okutandikawo enzijanjaba z'emidaalwa n'e Ireland, era yasobozesa abasibe okuteebwawo mu kiseera ekisooka nga baggiddwawo ebyokulwanyisa.

Mu 1998, endagaano eyo yali etegeeza okukola omulimu ogutali gwangu era obutwa. Omuntu yawangula ekirabo kya Nobel eky'Emirembe olw'omulimu gwe, era ekibiina ekyo kyafuna obuwagizi bwa maanyi mu kukola endagaano mu 1998. Kyokka, endagaano eyo yali nnyangu nnyo, era UP yatabulwatabulwatabulwa olw'enkaayana ez'omunda ku IRACUR, enkyukakyuka ez'ebyekitongole, n'amaanyi agava mu Sinn Féin.

Ebintu Ebigwa ku Nnyumba n’Okukulaakulana kw’Ekawuka

Mu kiseera ekyo, okuva mu 1998 okutuuka mu 2005, abafuzi ba UUP baasoomooza Jeffrey Donaldson, eyakulemberamu ekibiina ekyali kiwakanya endagaano eyo. Ekitongole ekiyitibwa Dupu, ekyali kiziyiza endagaano ennungi eyakolebwa ku Lwokubiri olw'okutaano, kyatwalibwa ng'ekirabo ekituufu eky'obutuuze era kyatandika okusikiriza omukulembeze eyasooka UUPF.

Kuno kwe kwakoma mu kulonda okwa 2005, HUP bwe yawangula ebifo mwenda mu lukiiko lwa UP. Obwalo bwavaawo mangu ne buva mu mulimu. Mu kiseera eky'obulumi obw'amaanyi, UP bwayingira mu kifo eky'okuddawo. Mu kifo eky'okuddaabiriza, Reg Empey, Tom Elliott, Mike Nesbitt, ne Robin Swann, ekibiina ekyo kyafuba nnyo okutegeeza abantu nti bawansitifu ne bannaba nga baawula ekitundu kya Dipu ne Sin Féin.

Ekibinja ky’Abantu Abagattika Obubi Ekyasa ekya 21

Enkola ya UP ekendedde nnyo bw'egeraageranyizibwa n'enkola yaayo ey'ebyafaayo. Akakiiko kano kalina ebifo bitono mu lukuŋŋaana lwa Northern Ireland, mu lukiiko lwa UK, ne mu nkiiko za Communiversite. Kagezeeko okwawulawo DUP nga kagoberera enkola ey'ekikungo ku nsonga ezikwata ku bantu era nga kawagira enkolagana ennungi ne Ireland.

Akakiiko kano era kabadde kayolekaganye n'okusoomooza okw'amaanyi mu Northern Ireland. Abakatoliki beeyongera bweyongezi obungi, era okubala abantu nga 2021 kwalaga nti Abakatuliki kati basukka Abaprotestanti bangi mu Northern Ireland omulundi ogusooka. omuwendo ogwo guviiriddeko abantu bangi okubuusabuusa obuwangwa bwabwe. Naye Abatuuze b'omu UP babadde baagala nnyo okumanyisa nti waliwo obwetaavu bw'obumu okusinga obwa DDUP.

Obuzibu Obusingawo n’Ebisuubizo

Obutongole bwa UP buteekwa okubaamu obuzibu obutali bumu bwe buba obw’okusigala nga bugoberera enteekateeka eno:

  • Ennukuta esobozesa obunene bw'enkola okukka wansi: Kaakano kye kigattidwa eky'okusatu mu Northern Ireland, emabega wa Sinn Féin ne DUP. Enkola eyasooka n'ey'okulondamu ebiva mu nnukuta enfu ez'enjawulo ku Westminster era n'obw'obw'okufuna ebifo awaba walina ebweru wayinza okuzibu okutereeramu.
  • '[[NKULULA] Akawunzi ak'ekika kino kirina okusalawo obanga ekyeyimirizaamu ekikkirizibwa mu kifo kya DDUP' oba ekiwandikiro ekiyinza okukkirizibwa okuguddiramu ekivvuunulibwa nga HUP'. Enkola zino tezikwatagana mangu nakinnakimu.
  • [[NKULA]] Ekiragiro kino tekimanyi bulungi ngeri gye kiddukanyaamu emirimu gya CFUM: Envanyuma ez'okuyita obutuuti mu Ireland olw'empandika ey'okussawo empewo ez'enjawulo ezikolebwa mu ttuttuses, ekyo kyaleetawo obukuubagano mu nkola y'obutuuti. UP kye kyasembyewo eky'okuvumirira enkola ya DDUP naye ne kikwewawawa okugggyibwawo ddala obwa DDUP.
  • Enkyukakyuka mu kutuukirizibwa kw'ennyiriri ezo: Ennaku eziwanvu mu Northern Ireland, ziyinza okuleetera omukatuliki okusemba ensalo ku nkalala za Irland. Ekiragiro UP kye kikolako ku ssuubi lino ku biseera bye kiri eky'omu maaso.

Ebifaananyi Ebikulu Ebyakyusa Enkola ya UUP

Ebyafaayo by’abantu abaakola amayengo ga UP tebirina kakwate konna na bantu abaakola enkwe zaabwe:

  • [[NKULA] Mukungu Edward Carson (1854-1935): Wadde nga teyamanyisa nnamba ya kaweefube oyo, Carson ye mukulembeze w'obutuuti bw'eggwanga mu kiseera ky'obufuzi bwa Homest. Yayanguyiriza okuleetawo entegeka era n'okuyisa abalambuzi, n'agiwa obuyinza mu mpisa.
  • James Craig, Lord Craigvon (1871-1940): Mminisita Omukulu eyasooka owa Northern Ireland, Craig ye yasimba ebizimbe by'eggwanga. Obukulembeze bwe obwali obunywevu era obuteegulumiza bwakuuma UP nga buli bumu mu myaka egyasooka egy'okugabanyizibwamu.
  • [[NKULULA] Conference O'Neill (1914-19990): Omukozi alina enkyukyuka ey'amaanyi eyagezaako okumanyisa Northern Ireland eggulawo enzigi y'ekibiina ky'entegeka y'abantu, era n'oluvannyuma okugwa kw'enteekateeka enkadde. Ekika kyaffe eky'eby'edda kikyakyavuganya.
  • [[NT:0] David Trimble (1944-2022): Omukulembeze w'ekibiina kya UP asingayo okuvaamu okuva ku Craig. Trimble yatwala akakiiko ako mu Kivumede eky'Okutaano eddungi era n'awangula ekirabo kya Nobel eky'emirembe, naye nga bye byava mu byobufuzi byayinyatta nnyo ekibiina kye.

Eby’obusika n’Ebyo bye Tujula Okumaliriza

Wadde nga waaliwo ekibiina kya Batuuze ba gavumenti mu Butuuze bwa Ulster, baanoonyereza ku ngeri gye baazimbamu ensi za Irlands ne kifuuka gavumenti y'ensi eyo esobola okukuuma era n'okuleetawo enjawukana mu bantu. Obufuzi bwaakyo obuwanvu bwasobozesa embeera okukendeera: ebizimbe ebyakakasa obuwagizi n'obufuzi obwa waggulu byaleetawo okwemulugunya okwaleetera ekibiina ky'eddembe ly'abantu okusobola okuleetawo entegeka n'ebizibu.

Omuntu oyo okuba omwetegefu okukolera ku ndagaano ennungi ku Lwokutaano kyali kikolwa kya buvumu naye kyava ku kusalawo kwe okusobola okulonda. Mu mbeera ey'ebyobufuzi eyawulibwawo DUP ne Sin Féin, UP ebeera ku kintu eky'okubiri ekitamanyi bulungi, ekinyweredde ku bufunze naye nga tekyetaagisa nate ku bikwata ku bufunze.

Oba nga UP esobola okuzzaawo obuwagizi oba egenda okweyongera okubuuka mu mabbali g'eby'obufuzi mu Northern Ireland, ekibuuzo tekinnabuuka. Ekituufu kiri nti ebyafaayo by'omukolo ogwo byasangika ddala okuva ku byafaayo bya Northern Ireland gyennyini. Omuntu bw'asinga okunoonyereza ku nnyiriri ezisingako, asobola okukebera [[[FL:0] Palamenti y'Akakiiko k'Akakiiko k'Akaanyi aka Ireland (1920: 1, NW], [[FLT]], Enccclopedia Britannica ekijjuka ky'e Ulster Union [[FL:3]], [FLT]], , ebyafaayo ku k'Octivessss [FLD], ne ku URIKIRAKO] University [FFF]][FF], ekitongole ekiwandikiro ekigazi kya UK:[FF], ekiwandikiro ekikadde ekiwandikiro kya .[FF.]

Olukiiko UUP lwazaalibwa olw'okuwakanya Obufuzi bw'Amaka, nga lukola endagaano, era nga lwolekedde entalo, ne lugabanyizibwamu ebitundu bibiri eby'obufuzi obutaliiko kye bukola. Ekyalo kyalwo kisangibwa wala nnyo ddala n'okusingawo. Naye ekitongole tekikyali ku ludda olwa waggulu olw'obufuzi obwo.